专题12 阅读理解一轮复习难点突破3（名师点津+名校模拟）含答案2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单（全国通用）

这是一份专题12 阅读理解一轮复习难点突破3（名师点津+名校模拟）含答案2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单（全国通用），文件包含专题12阅读理解一轮复习难点突破3名师点津+名校模拟原卷版2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单全国通用docx、专题12阅读理解一轮复习难点突破3名师点津+名校模拟解析版2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单全国通用docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共65页， 欢迎下载使用。
数据推算题3篇 P2
【名师点津】 P2
【高考真题】 P2
【名校模拟】 P3
猜测词义题3篇 P6
【名师点津】 P6
【高考真题】 P7
【名校模拟】 P8
记叙文选标题3篇 P11
【名师点津】 P11
【高考真题】 P12
【名校模拟】 P13
说明文选标题3篇 P15
【名师点津】 P15
【高考真题】 P16
【名校模拟】 P17
间接信息题3篇 P19
【名师点津】 P19
【高考真题】 P20
【名校模拟】 P21
心理效应题3篇 P22
【名师点津】 P22
【高考真题】 P23
【名校模拟】 P24
数据计算题3篇
【名师点津】
一、解题小妙招
数字计算细节理解题一般会涉及时间、 年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。
数字计算细节理解题的话题有: 广告类; 故事类; 普知识类; 史地自然类;文化教育类。设问方式以when, in which year, hw many/much等疑问词开头引出问题。
1.原文定位：依据题干关键词，然后寻读原文，同时标记数字、时间、年代等相关信息。
2.理清关系：数据与原文数据的逻辑关系，并进行加减乘除计算。
3. 特别关注：decade十年frtnight两周duble两倍scre二十dzen十二ff减价discunt折扣。
二、零失误小妙招
1.做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间；
2.划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率；
3.错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。
【高考真题】
(2025全国I卷) The greening f planes, trains and autmbiles
Mving gds and peple arund the wrld is respnsible fr a large part f glbal CO2 emissins (排放). As the wrld races t decarbnize everything, it faces particular prblems with transprtatin — which accunts fr abut a quarter f ur energy-related greenhuse gas emissins. Here’s the breakdwn f the emissins in 2018 fr different mdes f transprt.
The fuels fr transprt need t be nt just green, cheap and pwerful, but als lightweight and safe enugh t be carried arund. Each mde f transprt has its specific fuel needs. Much is still t be settled, but here are sme f the slutins t get us ging green.
This energy transitin (变革) is glbal, and the amunt f renewable energy the wrld will need is “a little bit mind-blwing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the Natinal Renewable Energy Labratry. It’s estimated that the glbal demand fr electricity culd mre than duble by 2050. Frtunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up t the task. “We need t speed up the develpment f green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke.
21. What percentage f glbal transprt emissins did rad vehicles accunt fr in 2018?
A. 11.6%.B. 45.1%.C. 74.5%.D. 86.1%.
22. Which mde f transprt can g green cmparatively easily?
A. Planes.B. Trucks.C. Trains.D. Ships.
23. What des Wipke suggest regarding energy transitin?
A. Limiting fuel cnsumptin.B. Putting mre effrt int renewables.
C. Imprving energy efficiency.D. Making electricity mre affrdable.
【名校模拟】
（25-26高三上·山东济南·开学考试）Freshwater is vital fr all life n ur planet. Yet, in many places arund the glbe, ur management f freshwater resurces is becming unsustainable. Understanding the intercnnectedness and cmplexity f lcal and reginal freshwater issues is critical t living sustainably n Earth. That’s why the Natinal Gegraphic Sciety and the Nature Cnservancy have jined frces t develp a prgram centered arund a unique remte externship (校外实习) prgram fr yung adults wrldwide.
The Experience
Thrughut the externship, yu will learn abut freshwater cnservatin careers frm weekly webinars (研讨会) featuring the Natinal Gegraphic Sciety and the Nature Cnservancy experts, yur wn research, and infrmative interviews cnducted with lcal cnservatin rganizatins.
During this externship, yu will als:
·Gain knwledge f freshwater cnservatin issues and strategies thrugh resurces and case studies prvided by the tw partner rganizatins.
·Engage with lcal leaders, cnservatinists, and cmmunity members t grasp freshwater-related challenges and their impacts n the cmmunity.
·Apply primary and secndary research methds t investigate existing cnservatin initiatives and identify lcal freshwater issues.
·Cnduct landscape and gap analyses t uncver cnservatin gaps and prpse actinable slutins.
·Develp written and visual strytelling skills t effectively cmmunicate key issues and cmmunity-based actin strategies.
Qualificatins
We are seeking yung peple aged 18-25 frm arund the glbe interested in learning abut intrductry cnservatin appraches. N prir wrk experience r cursewrk in cnservatin r envirnmental tpics is required. The prgram values diversity in beliefs, cultures, and backgrunds.
Duratin and Rewards
Nte: Thse wh finish all required tasks (whether fr the 4-week track r the 8-week track) will be qualified fr an additinal reward.
1. What is the purpse f this externship prgram?
A. T prmte internatinal cperatin.
B. T prvide a hands-n field experience.
C. T intrduce freshwater-related careers.
D. T help understand freshwater challenges.
2. What might participants d during the externship?
A. Raise funds fr the prgram.
B. Dcument glbal case studies.
C. Put frward wrkable slutins.
D. Engage in making lcal plicies.
3. Hw much will an 8-week extern earn at mst upn full cmpletin?
A. $200.B. $220.C. $510.D. $480.
（25-26高三上·安徽·阶段练习）Guided Tur fr United Natins Headquarters
Visit the United Natins in the heart f New Yrk City! Guided turs ffer an engaging way t explre the United Natins Headquarters. Visit the Security Cuncil Chamber (会议厅), the Trusteeship Cuncil Chamber, and the Ecnmic and Scial Cuncil(ECOSOC) Chamber. Learn abut hw the United Natins addresses issues such as climate change, peace and security, human rights, and hw yu can supprt the Sustainable Develpment Gals.
Due t high-level meetings f Heads f State and Gvernment, United Natins Headquarters and Chambers may smetimes clse t the public n very shrt ntice.Fr entry
Register Online: All visitrs t United Natins Headquarters must register n the United Natins Security Website prir t arrival. Click here t register.
Bring Valid (合法的) Identificatin: All visitrs aged 16 and lder must bring a valid, riginal, gvernment-issued pht ID frm a UN Member State r Nn-Member Observer State t present at entry. Acceptable frms include passprt, driver’s license and natinal identity card.
Please nte: Only riginal, physical IDs are accepted ( n phtcpies r digital images). Fr security reasns, children under 5 years f age are nt permitted n tur.Hurs f peratin
Weekdays: First tur leaving at 9:30, last tur leaving at 4:45. Please plan t arrive 60 minutes befre yur tur.
The UN Headquarters is clsed n weekends and public hlidays.Rates fr 2025
Adult: $29.00
Student(Ages 13+): $20.00
Child (Ages 5-12): $17.00
4. What can be expected during the tur?
A. A visit t fur Chambers.
B. Participatin in several high-level meetings.
C. The design fr climate prjects.
D. A knwledge f the rutine wrk f the UN.
5. What is a must fr visitrs t take the tur?
A. Reaching the age f 16.
B. Registering nline befre arrival.
C. Bringing a passprt cpy.
D. Presenting an riginal phtgraph,
6. Hw much shuld a cuple with a 11-year-ld pay fr the tur?
A. $46.B. $49.C. $75.D. $78.
猜测词义题3篇
【名师点津】
猜词词义小策略
在阅读理解中，通常通过信息指代类的题目考查考生对于上下文衔接关系以及文章基本结构的把握。信息指代类题目在高考英语中有两种:名词(短语)指代题和代词指代题。本专题我们就如何解答名词(短语)指代题进行相关技巧的点拨。
解答名词(短语)指代题时，可以按照如下步骤进行:
1.定位：返回原文，找出名词(短语)所在句;
2.代入：将四个选项代入该名词(短语)，看意思是否通顺;
3.匹配：联系上下文，读懂相关句子的含义，进一步分析四个选项，选出符合上下文语境的最佳答案。
猜词词义思维导图
猜词词义小技巧
1.利用释义法猜词
在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
2.利用构词法猜词
英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义。同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果。
3.利用因果关系猜词
若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, s, thus, therefre, as a result f, s that, 等标志词体现。
4.利用对比关系猜词
运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有but, yet, hwever, while, unlike, instead f, n the ther hand, rather than, n the cntrary等。
5.利用语境法解题
有些猜测词义句意题找不到以上标志或线索，我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义句意。
6.利用同义关系解题
画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有and, r, like, as well, similarly, t, als, either等。
7.利用生活常识解题
在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。
代词如何猜测？
在语篇中有时为了避免重复提及某一个词或者短语，常常用指代词表示，如:要求考生指出代词it，they，ne等的指代对象。指代词起连接语篇的作用，它能体现出语篇中各句子之间的逻辑关系。解题时需要做到:
1.原文定位：返回原文，找出指代词。
2.左顾右盼：找与其最接近的名词，名词性词组或句子（90%以上都是往前找答案）。
3.替换验证：替换该指代词，看逻辑是否通顺，范围是否一致。
零失误小妙招
1.做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间；
2.划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率；
3.错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。
【高考真题】
(2025全国I卷) In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cwby wh saved his twn, a strict father wh demanded his sn earn straight A’s, and a mdern-day Juliet wh died f heartbreak after her parents rejected the lve f her yung life. Mre than nce, I fund myself wndering just hw my students, wh’d created these peple, knew their subjects s well.
But things were different fr their first essay, which was abut the questin: “Why is writing imprtant?” Mst f the essays filled less than ne page, and few cntained a sentence that culd be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shcked. Then I realized that the prblem was the questin itself. They culd have written pages n the necessity f cmputers, but writing, in and f itself, simply didn’t strike them as imprtant. This wuld have t change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyne t write a persuasive piece n a health-related tpic f their chice. This time they fund the exercise much mre interesting. Fr the next tw assignments, a persnal-narrative unit fllwed by a creative-writing wrkshp, I nly required that the piece meet the specificatins f its genre (体裁) and that it cntain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students tk n diverse tpics and turned in stries, 10 t 20 pages each, with characters that bradened my view and tuched my heart.
I walked int class believing that writing is imprtant as a means f cmmunicatin. Hwever, my students demnstrated smething mre imprtant t me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbk full f messages abut writing’s mst pwerful significance — the ability t cnnect peple, t put us in anther’s skin, t teach us what it means t be human.
24. Wh are the peple mentined at the beginning f paragraph 1?
A. Ninth graders.B. Students’ parents.
C. Mdern writers.D. Fictinal characters.
25. Why did the students perfrm prly in writing their first essay?
A. They were nt given enugh time.B. They had a very limited vcabulary.
C. They misunderstd the questin.D. They had little interest in the tpic.
26. What des the underlined wrd “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Mixed.B. Amazing.C. Similar.D. Disturbing.
27. What des the authr’s experience shw?
A. Teaching is learning.B. Still waters run deep.
C. Knwledge is pwer.D. Practice makes perfect.
(2025全国II卷) Kathy H teaches high schl inside Lucile Packard Children’s Hspital Stanfrd (LPCH). “Smetimes I dn’t like saying that I’m a teacher,” says H. “Peple get in their minds an idea f what teachers d, but that’s nt really what it is here.”
“Here” is rm 386, where each year, abut 500 LPCH patients als becme students. The hspital schl is free f parents, dctrs, and medical prcedures. It’s a place f learning. Abut half f H’s students stay fr a week r less; thers are there fr mre than a year. Mst f H’s students will recver, which means that preparing them t return t schl is an increasingly imprtant cmpnent f care.
Still, in rm 386, academics dn’t cme first. Physical health and mental health are the pririty. “If yu’re scared abut smething and thinking nly abut that, there’s n way yu’re ging t be able t learn,” H says. “I’m a cach, an adviser, and a cmfrter, and that’s what it means t be a hspital teacher.”
There are up t 30 students at any given time in H’s class. She generally wrks with their regular teachers t get lessns and tests being used at their hme schls. Sme teachers dn’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice t the kids,” H says. “They think their teachers dn’t care abut their schlwrk.”
H recgnizes the psychlgical benefit f helping kids keep up with their peers (同龄人) utside the hspital. “I actually think the medicine is nly a small piece fr sme prblems,” says Julie Gd, directr f pain management services at LPCH. “It’s abut prblem-slving arund what it means t have a full life. Thse kids have dreams. Schl can keep thse dreams alive by giving kids a way t learn and grw.”
24. Wh des H teach at LPCH?
A. Sick children.B. Yung nurses.
C. Medical students.D. Patients’ parents.
25. What is a characteristic f H’s jb?
A. Priritizing academics.B. Encuraging innvatin.
C. Treating varius diseases.D. Playing multiple rles.
26. What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t in paragraph 4?
A. Offering regular lessns.B. Paying extra attentin.
C. Assigning n schlwrk.D. Shwing n sympathy.
27. Hw des the hspital schl benefit the students accrding t Gd?
A. It eases peer pressure.B. It helps them live in hpe.
C. It frees them frm aches.D. It entertains them with stries.
【名校模拟】
（25-26高三上·山东济南·开学考试）Have yu ever felt s stressed that yu just srt f frze? Yur bdy ges still, yu can’t feel much but, at the same time, yur senses are wrking vertime. Yu knw yu must act sn; but it’s as if smething is stpping yu. This ‌“freezing”, r tnic immbility in academic terms, is an adaptive defense respnse t stress r danger.
When we freeze, ur heart rate drps and ur bld pressure changes. Our pupils might becme wider. A fld f hrmnes (荷尔蒙) spread quickly, readying us fr actin. It can all happen within secnds.
While fight-r-flight seems lgical fr survival, freezing appears cunterprductive — ptentially t much t handle, making us incapable f acting r making a decisin. But is that really all that’s ging n? Nt accrding t Prf Karin Relfs, a neurscientist wh studies freezing at Radbud University.“Many peple think that freezing is a kind f shutdwn f the system,” she says.“What we actually find is that in threatening situatins, freezing actually helps gain mre infrmatin, prepare actins, and imprve perceptin and decisin-making.” Freezing acts like an emergency flw state: watchful, nt petrified.
Imprtantly, this respnse can be trained. Relfs highlights tw grups cntrlling freezing: living statues, street perfrmers maintaining extreme stillness and snipers (狙击手) requiring abslute stillness while making decisins. Lab research cnfirms this. A virtual reality shting game shwed players with strnger freezing respnses perfrmed better and decided faster. Freezing desn’t slw respnses. “Brain nise reduces. Perceptin increases. Yu make better decisins faster,” Relfs clarifies.
But let’s say yu’re nt a sniper, r dn’t spend yur weekends as a living statue. What if yu’re abut t take an exam r lead a big business meeting? Thse situatins invlving scial pressure, may nt be life r death, but still can cause freezing. The key is t use this respnse thrugh training, particularly fcused breathing: maintain slw, rhythmic exhalatin (有节奏的呼气). Instead f feeling ut f cntrl, yu can master it and — sniper r nt — take yur best sht.
1. What happens in “freezing” accrding t the text?
A. Awareness is lst.B. The heart punds.
C. Senses are sharper.D. The breath quickens.
2. What des the underlined wrd “petrified” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Cnfused.B. Panicked.C. Distressed.D. Occupied.
3. Why are living statues and snipers mentined in Paragraph 4?
A. T cntrast respnse types.B. T illustrate freezing causes.
C. T supprt respnse training.D. T criticize stressful prfessins.
4. Hw shuld students manage exam freezing accrding t the text?
A. Seek prfessinal help.B. Apply trained breathing.
C. Hld breath t stay still.D. Make last-minute revisins.
（25-26高三上·安徽·阶段练习）Think there’s nthing mre healthy than a bag f ppcrn and a classic children’s animated film (动画片)? Think again, say Canadian researchers. Researchers did their research by watching 135 ppular Nrth American films frm 1937 t tday. The films included 45 children’s animated mvies and 90 dramatic films fr adults. “Rather than being the healthy frm f entertainment, they are full f n-screen death and murder.”
Researchers fund that the parents f heres r herines died mst ften in children’s films. They were five times mre likely t be killed than they were in films fr adults. “There was n evidence that these results had changed ver time since Snw White in 1937, when Snw White’s stepmther, the evil queen, was struck by lightning, frced ff a cliff (悬崖), and crushed by a big rck,” the authrs wrte.
Smetimes the death happens at the very beginning f the film. Abut fur minutes and three secnds int Finding Nem, Nem’s mther gets eaten by a barracuda fish. In Tarzan, the main character’s parents are killed by a lepard fur minutes and eight secnds int the mvie. The researchers fund that tw-thirds f the cartns shwed the death f an imprtant character, cmpared with half f the adult dramas. Researchers watched deadly animal attacks in five films (A Bug’s Life, The Crds, Hw t Train Yur Dragn, Finding Nem and Tarzan); shtings in three films (Bambi, Peter Pan and Pcahntas); and deadly stabbings (刺伤) in tw films (Sleeping Beauty and The Little Mermaid).
“On-screen death and vilence can be frightening t yung children and can have strng and lng-lasting effects. This might be a prblem when children haven’t been prepared.”
5. What did the research find?
A. On-screen vilence in kids’ films.B. Dramatic plts in animated films.
C. Adults’ favrite cartn mvies.D. Children’s favrites in the cinema.
6. What des the underlined wrd “they” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Heres and herines.B. Parents f main characters.
C. Deaths in films fr adults.D. Children’s animated films.
7. What message des the authr want t cnvey by mentining many films?
A. Deadly animal attacks are the theme.B. Animated films are favred by adults.
C. Varius vilence can ccur nw and then.D. Wildlife is the main rle in animated films.
8. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Prblems Explained t KidsB. Dramatic Films fr Children
C. Weaknesses in animated FilmsD. Harmful Acts in Kids’ Films
记叙文选标题题3篇
【名师点津】
记叙文标题三大特点
1. 概括性：语言高度凝练而形式简短
2. 针对性：标题外延与文章内容相符
3. 醒目性：能够激发读者的阅读欲望
记叙文选标题三大方法
1. 主题句法
记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子为主题句。
2. 关键词法
全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的关键词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即关键词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
3. 逆向思维法
在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，逐一排除，缩小范围，接近的即为正确选项。
记叙文选标题三大策略
1.正面肯定法
在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。
2.反面否定法
撇开原文，拿各个备选项去尝试用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除荒谬者。
3.排除干扰法
研究干扰项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、新奇性、概括力等。文章的标题应该新颖奇特，易激发读者的好奇心，吸引读者注意力。
【高考真题】
(2023新课标II卷) Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
24. What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?
A. She used t be a health wrker.B. She grew up in a lw-incme family.
C. She wns a fast fd restaurant.D. She is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
25. What was a prblem facing Jaramill at the start f the prgram?
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her.
B. Students had little time fr her classes.
C. Sme kids disliked garden wrk.
D. There was n space fr schl gardens.
26. Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgram?
A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.
C. Shrt-lived.D. Unidentifiable.
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Rescuing Schl GardensB. Experiencing Cuntry Life
C. Grwing Vegetable LversD. Changing Lcal Landscape
【名校模拟】
（25-26高三上·河北·阶段练习）My mther and father emigrated frm India t America in 1988. My brther and I were brn sn after, making us bth the first American-brn members f ur family. Upn cming t America, ur parents wrked extremely hard t make a living, and, as such, sacrifices were made t ensure a better life fr all f us.
Our father wrked seven days a week, and ur mther wuld wrk all day. I remember waving gd-bye t my mther every mrning as she drve ff t wrk, and then I walked t schl alne with a huse key dangling (悬挂) n a chain arund my neck. After schl, I wuld cme hme t an empty huse. When my mther finally came hme, she had t clean and prepare dinner and didn’t have time t help me with my hmewrk r play with me. Lking back, I realize that this helped shape my independence and resurcefulness, because I had t figure ut hw t d things n my wn.
But at the time, I was angry. In the mid-1990s, everyne else’s mther stayed hme and went t the parent-teacher assciatin and schl field trips, and I didn’t want t be different. I als remember having nly ne birthday party as a by; my parents were always t busy wrking. I swre that when I became a parent, I wuld d things differently.
Since making a living was always a struggle fr my parents, educatin was very imprtant t them. My father believed that we culd use educatin t make ur life better. He wuld always say, “Peple can take away yur huse r yur pssessins, but they can never take away what yu have learned.”
I had high expectatins f myself as well, s I wrked all thrugh high schl and was able t put myself thrugh cllege. I attended the University f Califrnia fr my undergraduate studies, majring in business management and design, and then later went t Nrthwestern University t get my MBA in marketing and finance. Finally, a ray f light fund its way int my life.
1. What was the authr’s parents’ life in America like?
A. It was tugh.B. It was clrful.C. It was interesting.D. It was lnely.
2. What impact did the authr’s family have n his grwth?
A. It made him always ignre his studies.
B. It made him independent and intelligent.
C. It caused him t d many things differently.
D. It caused him t feel disappinted with thers.
3. What des the authr’s experience mainly shw?
A. Educatin changes life.B. Dreams will always cme true.
C. Failure makes peple ambitius.D. Family’s care leads t success.
4. Which f the fllwing may be the best title fr the text?
A. Parents’ Hard WrkB. The S-called Difference
C. The Value f EducatinD. Our Histry f Struggle
（25-26高三上·江西抚州·阶段练习）When Sandra Mejia received news in 2023 that her belved plant stre, Plant Chica, had t clse within 90 days, her heart sank. The stre — first pened as a pp-up stre in 2018 and later turned int a greenhuse in a repurpsed aut bdy shp — had becme a gathering spt fr lcals. Althugh business was slw during the winter f 2023, Mejia was always feeling psitive abut the stre because having a physical stre was her dream.“We were having a really hard time letting g f it,” said Mejia. “I felt like I was never ging t find anything as special as that space.”
But hpe arrived unexpectedly. A cmmunity rganizatin read abut her stry and reached ut. Rbbie Lee, frm a lcal nnprfit rganizatin, thught Mejia might be a gd fit fr what his rganizatin was trying t build in Leimert Park. “She seemed t have sme strng cnnectin t the Suth L.A. cmmunity,” Lee explained. He believed Mejia’s passin matched their visin fr a cultural center in Ls Angeles. S, he decided t help her find a new place.
After viewing several lcatins, Mejia discvered a suitable place. In late 2024, the new Plant Chica pened. The redesigned greenhuse, with gravel paths and a weather-resistant dme (圆屋顶), became an instant favrite. The new space is special fr anther reasn: The pen space allws Mejia t mre easily facilitate the cmmunity events and cperatin she is knwn fr.
When Amrette Brms, a fellw small business wner, faced the clsure f her business, Mejia ffered her free space at Plant Chica. This actin turned int a sustainable mdel: currently, fur lcal marketers perate their businesses rent-free within the greenhuse. “This mdel gives small businesses a chance t grw,” Brms said. Fr Mejia, Plant Chica is mre than a plant stre. It's prf that when peple cme tgether, beautiful things grw.
Reflecting n her jurney, Mejia shared, “My sn cut the ribbn at bth stres. That's the lessn - when things get tugh, dn't give up. Find new paths frward.”
5. Hw did Sandra Mejia feel abut the news in 2023?
A. Excited abut making a change.
B. Depressed and cmpletely at a lss.
C. Indifferent due t slw winter sales.
D. Relieved t end the struggling business.
6. What made Rbbie Lee determined t help Mejia?
A. Her knwledge f gardening.
B. Her chance f drawing visitrs.
C. Her cultural ties and cmmunity spirit.
D. Her experience in running businesses.
7. What is the key benefit f Mejia’s rental mdel accrding t Brms?
A. It greatly increases Plant Chica’s prfits.
B. It makes her stre a ppular check-in spt.
C. It prmtes cmpetitin amng businesses.
D. It helps small businesses t survive and grw.
8. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Plant Chica’s Rebirth: Unity and Hpe
B. A Greenhuse’s Architectural Transfrmatin
C. A New Running Mdel fr Plant Chica
D. Surviving Challenges: Small Businesses in Crisis
说明文选标题题3篇
【名师点津】
说明文标题错误三大特征
1. 范围太宽泛
选项太过于宽泛，与文章内容相距甚远。
2. 范围太具体
选项死扣文章某一细节不适合用于标题。
3. 范围太偏颇
选项内容过于偏颇，明显偏离文章主旨。
说明文选标题三大方法
1.主题段法
标题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语即是文章的标题。
2. 主题句法
解题的关键要抓住每段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。
2. 关键词法
任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即关键词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
说明文选标题三大策略
1.正面肯定法
在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。
2.反面否定法
撇开原文，拿各个备选项去尝试用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除荒谬者。
3.排除干扰法
研究干扰项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、新奇性、概括性等。文章的标题应该新颖奇特，易激发读者的好奇心，吸引读者注意力。
【高考真题】
(2025全国II卷) When Snja Detrinidad pened her nline shp selling huseplants, she didn’t have high hpes fr it. But the ppsite happened: She was flded, shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne. In the past year, Detrinidad sent ut mre than 70,000 plants. Her success is just ne example f increased time at hme leading t an explsin in the huseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashin right nw,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher frm the University f Flrida. “Peple wh live in plant-rich envirnments reprt a higher life satisfactin rating, ” she says. “Adding mre nature t ur envirnment can change ur md and hw we think.” Plants can imprve ur state f mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing ur level f crtisl, the stress hrmne (激素) in ur bdy.
“Students wh are arund plants perfrm better academically than students wh are in a classrm withut plants,” says Knuth. “This prductivity als translates int the wrkplace fr adults. Our study shwed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave fr peple wh were in plant-rich wrkplaces.”
If yu’re amng the grups f peple wh are enjying the mental and physical health benefits f surrunding yurself with plants, dn’t beat yurself up if ne (r a few!) desn’t make it. “Dctrs practice medicine and lawyers practice law and yu shuld allw yurself the practice it takes t sustain a plant. Tending t plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care f it, but if it dies, g get anther ne,” Detrinidad says.
28. Hw was Detrinidad’s business when it started?
A. It faced tugh cmpetitin.B. It suffered a great lss.
C. It gt lts f financial supprt.D. It went surprisingly well.
29. What is ne f Knuth’s findings abut plants?
A. They appeal mre t students.B. They purify the envirnment.
C. They raise the crtisl level.D. They enhance prductivity.
30. What des Detrinidad try t explain by mentining dctrs and lawyers?
A. The necessity f scial skills.B. The meaning f sustainability.
C. The imprtance f repeated effrts.D. The value f prfessinal pinins.
31. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Time t Replace HuseplantsB. Plants Bst Yur Md
C. Tips n Chsing HuseplantsD. Plants Brighten Yur Hme
【名校模拟】
（25-26高三上·四川成都·阶段练习）With self-driving cars gaining ppularity in tday’s autmbile landscape, the issue f legal liability (法律责任) in the case f an accident has becme mre relevant.
Research in human-vehicle interactin has shwn even systems designed t autmate driving are far frm being errr-prf. Besides, recent evidence pints t drivers’ limited understanding f what these systems can and cannt d as a cntributing factr t system misuse. A recent study tackles the issue f ver-trusting drivers and the resulting system misuse frm a legal viewpint. It lks at what the manufacturers f self-driving cars shuld legally d t ensure that drivers understand hw t use the vehicles apprpriately.
One slutin suggested in the study invlves requiring buyers t sign end-user license agreements (EULAs) , similar t the terms and cnditins that require agreement when using new sftware prducts. But this is far frm ideal. The agreement may nt prvide enugh infrmatin t the driver, leading t cnfusin abut the nature f the requests fr agreement and their implicatins. Further, mst end users dn’t read EULAs. A 2017 study shws 91 percent f peple agree t them withut reading. Amng yung peple, 97 percent agree withut reviewing the terms.
The issue is that, unlike using a smartphne app, perating a car has intrinsic and serius safety risks, whether the driver is human r sftware. And human drivers need t cnsent (准许) t take respnsibility fr the utcmes f the sftware and hardware.
“Warning fatigue” and distracted driving are als causes fr cncern. Fr example, a driver, annyed after receiving cntinuus warnings, culd decide t just ignre the message. Or, if the message is presented while the vehicle is in mtin, it culd represent a distractin. Given these limitatins and cncerns, even if this mde f btaining cnsent is t mve frward, it likely wn’t fully prtect autmakers frm their legal liability, shuld the system malfunctin r an accident ccur.
Driver training fr self-driving vehicles can help ensure that drivers fully understand system capabilities and limitatins. This needs t ccur beynd the vehicle purchase. Recent evidence shws even relying n the infrmatin prvided by the seller is nt ging t answer many questins. All f this cnsidered, the rad frward fr self-driving cars is nt ging t be a smth ride after all.
1. What can we learn frm recent studies in human-vehicle interactin?
A. Autmatic driving systems are nt immune t errrs.
B. Driverless vehicles may be misused by sme peple.
C. Self-driving car makers aren’t aware f the legal matters.
D. Drivers have limited knwledge f the autmatic systems.
2. What is the prblem with requiring buyers t sign EULAs?
A. Drivers aren’t willing t take respnsibility.
B. End users find the terms cmplex t interpret.
C. The infrmatin prvided may cause cnfusin.
D. Mst users sign them withut reading the terms.
3. What wuld drivers d when they suffer frm “warning fatigue”?
A. Be distracted easily by the message.B. Rest a while t avid fatigue driving.
C. Waste n time keeping the car mving.D. Take n actin despite repeated warnings.
4. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Hw Can We Reduce Self-Driving Risks?
B. Wh’s t Blame if a Self-Driving Car Crashes?
C. Are Self-Driving Systems Truly Safe and Legal?
D. Where Will the Human-Vehicles Interactin Lead?
（25-26高三上·广东·阶段练习）Scientists are advancing brain-cmputer interface (BCI) technlgy with a breakthrugh system that translates inner speech int audible wrds. Develped by US researchers, this “thught decder (解码器)” achieved 74% accuracy in cnverting the imagined speech f fur paralyzed vlunteers int sund.
Unlike earlier BCIs, which relied n brain signals frm attempted speech r writing, the new device directly interprets neural patterns linked t phnemes (speech units), aiming t restre fluent cmmunicatin fr thse with speech r mtr disabilities.
The system wrks by implanting sensrs in the mtr crtex (运动皮层), the brain regin cntrlling mvement, including speech. As vlunteers think f wrds, machine learning algrithms (算法) analyze neural activity t identify phneme patterns and recnstruct sentences. Stanfrd neurscientist Benyamin Meschede-Krasa explains, “If yu just have t think abut speech instead f actually trying t speak, it’s ptentially easier and faster.”
Researchers discvered verlapping brain signals between attempted and imagined speech, but the system culd distinguish them thrugh prbability calculatins. Fr example, it recgnized 125,000 wrds by linking frequent phneme cmbinatins. “These patterns are a similar but smaller versin f attempted speech activity,” ntes Stanfrd’s Frank Willett, adding, “We decded them well enugh t prve the principle, but nt as well as attempted speech.”
There’s still a lng way t g here, and the BCI ften fell far shrt f that 74% maximum accuracy rating. Hwever, by utilizing upgraded implant technlgy and mapping mre f the brain fr thught cues, the researchers are cnfident that the system can be quickly imprved ver the next few years.
Anther issue t vercme is the ptential fr translating, lgging, and speaking ut inner mnlgues that are intended t be kept private — nt smething yu want in a BCI. Safeguards like thinking f a special passwrd start and stp decding culd be implemented here, the researchers suggest. This cncept was trialed in the experiments with 98 percent accuracy.
This fllws ther prgress, such as a recent real-time thught-decding study (persnalized t ne individual). “The future f BCIs is bright,” Willett says. “This gives hpe that speech BCIs may ne day restre cmmunicatin as fluent and natural as cnversatinal speech.”
5. Hw des the new BCI system differ frm earlier mdels?
A. It uses external sensrs instead f implants.
B. It requires physical mvement t generate speech.
C. It relies n brain signals frm attempted writing nly.
D. It directly decdes neural patterns assciated with inner speech.
6. What can we infer frm Paragraph 3?
A. Benyamin Meschede-Krasa invented the new BCI system.
B. The mtr crtex is nly respnsible fr speaking mvements.
C. Machine learning plays a key rle in linking brain signals t wrds.
D. The new BCI needs users t silently speak wrds t generate neural signals.
7. What privacy cncern is raised abut the BCI system?
A. It stres thughts withut user apprval.
B. It might decde unintended private thughts.
C. It cannt differentiate between multiple users.
D. It requires users t share mental passwrds publicly
8. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. BCIs: The Future f Medical Implants.
B. Breakthrugh in Decding Imagined Speech.
C. The Mrals f Translating Inner Mnlgues.
D. Overcming Paralysis Thrugh Brain Technlgy.
间接信息题3篇
【名师点津】
“间接信息题”的最优处理方法：
第一、快速通读全文，把握大意。细节理解题分直接细节理解题、间接细节理解题和综合细节理解题。
第二、结合题干锁定原文答题区间，圈划关键词句，留意正确选项与原文之间是同义转换或高度概括。
第三、比对选项内容，采用“排除法”，防止偷换概念、以偏概全、过于绝对化等确定最佳答案。
【高考真题】
(2024新课标I卷) In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places – and even species – that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
32. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
33. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
34. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas. B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
【名校模拟】
（25-26高三上·浙江杭州·阶段练习）We all pursue an ideal weight number fr health and cnfidence, ften using childhd memries, nline calculatrs r BMI charts. Hwever, Dr. Yni Freedhff warns these methds fail t cnsider individual differences. Our bdies change dramatically with age due t metablism (新陈代谢) and lifestyle.
Fr decades, Bdy Mass Index (BMI) dminated weight assessments. This simple height-weight calculatin srts peple frm underweight t verweight. Yet Dr. Melanie Jay frm NYU pints ut its prblems: BMI gives the same ranges fr 20-year-ld athletes and 70-year-ld grandparents. It ignres muscle mass, bne density, and health cnditins, smetimes regarding fit individuals as verweight. Recent studies shw that nearly 30% f peple classified as verweight by BMI actually have healthy bdy fat percentages and nrmal metablic prfiles.
Newer metrics like the Bdy Rundness Index (BRI) fcus n waist size instead f weight. “Belly fat is mre dangerus than verall weight,” says Dr. Jay. Research indicates fat arund rgans prduces harmful chemicals linked t diabetes and heart disease. Hwever, even BRI has limitatins — it can’t distinguish between fat types r accunt fr medical cnditins affecting belly size, such as digestive disrders.
Dctrs increasingly emphasize verall health markers ver specific weights. “Instead f fcusing n a’magic number,’ we examine bld pressure, chlesterl (胆固醇), sleep quality and energy levels,” ntes Dr. Jay. Fr thse with weight-related cnditins, even 5-10% weight lss can significantly imprve health. A 2023 study fund patients wh achieved mdest weight reductin shwed better health markers than thse pursuing extreme weight lss.
The healthiest weight, experts agree, isn’t fund n charts but thrugh sustainable habits. “When yu eat nutritiusly and stay active, yur bdy finds its natural healthy weight,” advises Dr. Freedhff. Fr sme, medicatins r surgery may help, but the real gal is lifestyle change — nt t achieve an ideal number n yur scale. True health,after all, is measured nt by a mmentary reading n a scale, but by the daily chices that nurish bth bdy and life.
1. Why des the authr mentin 20-year-ld athletes and 70-year-ld grandparents?
A. T shw BMI’s limitatins.B. T prve BMI’s ppularity.
C. T describe BMI’s main users.D. T intrduce BMI’s target grup.
2. What is the main advantage f BRI?
A. It clarifies different kinds f fat.B. It evaluates all types f bdy fat.
C. It measures highly risky bdy fat.D. It identifies harmful chemicals in fat.
3. What is Dr. Jay’s suggestin fr weight assessment?
A. Stpping using BMI.B. Fcusing n specific weights.
C. Cnsidering multiple health signs.D. Adpting rapid weight lss appraches.
4. What des the authr think f peple’s pursuing an ideal weight number?
A. Reasnable.B. Unhelpful.C. Dangerus.D. Practical.
（25-26高三上·浙江嘉兴·阶段练习）In 2006, as a 10-year-ld living in ne f Delhi’s busiest markets, I wuld ften run dwnstairs t buy milk, eggs r vegetables fr my mther. The shpkeepers knew me by face and ften guessed my rder befre I even spke. These small market runs taught me mre than I realised at the time — quick mental maths, cnversatins with strangers, and backup plans when a shp was shut. S much unintentinal learning.
Over time, these rutines became daily cmfrt. Whether it was me r my mther, we enjyed the smiles, brief chats, and snacks alng the way — small mments that quietly held ur lives tgether.
Nw, things are different. With Blinkit, Zept, and Instamart, grceries arrive in 10 minutes. While I still enjy shpping in the market after wrk, my mther begins her day by cmparing prices n apps and rdering everything with a few taps (点击). The grcery trips that nce lifted her md, imprved her health, and helped her stay cnnected with the neighburhd have disappeared. The jy f being knwn, f interacting, is dying.
And it’s nt just her. Many f us nw rely mre n apps and less n peple. Our grwing reliance n instant delivery is reducing thse everyday mments f interactin. There’s the financial cst t. When yu’re t tired r t busy t plan yur grceries, yu end up rdering in pieces — adding things yu dn’t need just t hit the free-delivery minimum.
Of curse, these apps are a gift n tugh days when we’re sick r shrt n time. But next time yu feel like pening a grcery app, try walking t yur lcal shp instead. Yu might cme back with mre than just grceries — a smile, a quick chat, and a sense f cnnectin. Smetimes, the cst f cnvenience isn’t what yu pay. It’s what yu miss.
5. What des the authr think f early market runs?
A. Adventurus.B. Valuable.C. Tiring.D. Cmplex.
6. Hw did the authr’s mther change her shpping habit later?
A. She turned t nline shpping.B. She visited grceries with neighburs.
C. She cared abut discunts in stres.D. She rdered whatever lifted her md.
7. What cncerns the authr abut instant delivery?
A. It takes away small scial mments.B. It invlves paying extra service fees.
C. It results in pr physical cnditin.D. It makes peple addicted t shpping.
8. What is implied in the last paragraph?
A. A shared gift dubles its jy.B. Cnvenience cmes at a cst.
C. A smile is free but wrth a lt.D. Rush breaks human cnnectin.
心理效应题3篇
【名师点津】
“心理效应题”的最优处理方法：
第一、该类文章多出现在C篇或D篇位置，属于说明文，多用来介绍心理学术语或现象。
第二、重点抓首段首句和每段段首句。若第一段过长，关注Nw, But, Hwever之后才是关键。
第三、结合题干锁定原文答题区间，圈划关键词句，尤其是学会用括号法破解长难句。
第四、比对选项细微差别，不妨采用“排除法”或“逆向思维法”，去伪存真确定答案。
【高考真题】
(2023全国乙卷) On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether”. Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
32. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple’s errrs.D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.
33. Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A. the crwds were relatively smallB. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicateD. estimates were nt fully independent
34. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
35. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【名校模拟】
（25-26高三上·辽宁·阶段练习）One day, while sitting in a busy Viennese restaurant in the 1920s, Russian psychlgist Bluma Zeigarnik nticed that the waiters culd successfully remember the details f the rders fr the tables that had yet t receive and pay fr their fd. As sn as the fd was delivered and the check was clsed, hwever, the waiters’ memries f the rders seemed t disappear frm their minds.
Zeigarnik cnducted a series f experiments t study this phenmenn. She asked participants t cmplete a series f 18 t 22 simple tasks, including things like making a clay figure, cnstructing a puzzle, r cmpleting a math prblem. Half f the tasks were interrupted befre the participants culd cmplete them. Meanwhile, the participants were able t wrk n the thers until they were dne. Afterwards, the participants were asked t tell the experimenter abut the tasks they wrked n. An initial grup f participants recalled interrupted tasks 90% better than the tasks they cmpleted, and a secnd grup f participants recalled interrupted tasks twice as well as cmpleted tasks.
Other studies have failed t cpy the Zeigarnik effect, and evidence demnstrates that there are a number f factrs that impact the effect. This is smething Zeigarnik accunted fr in the discussin f her riginal research. She suggested that things like the timing f an interruptin, the mtivatin t successfully cmplete a task, hw tired an individual is, and hw difficult they believe a task is, will all impact ne’s recall f an unfinished task.
The Zeigarnik effect can als be useful fr students wh are studying fr an exam. The effect tells us that breaking up study sessins can actually imprve recall. S instead f studying intensely fr an exam all in ne sitting, breaks shuld be scheduled in which the student fcuses n smething else. This will autmatically cause thughts abut the infrmatin that must be remembered, which will enable the student t review and cnslidate (巩固) it, leading t better recall when they take the exam.
1. What phenmenn des the authr describe in paragraph 1?
A. Custmers delayed rdering fd.B. Waiters had a bad instant memry.
C. Waiters memrized unfinished rders.D. Custmers nly fcused n efficiency.
2. What can be inferred frm Zeigarnik’s experiments?
A. Interrupted tasks were better remembered.B. Participants failed t finish simple tasks.
C. Participants thught tasks uneasy.D. Interrupted tasks were imprtant.
3. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. Hidden principles f Zeigarnik effect.B. Elements that affect Zeigarnik effect.
C. Tips that help imprve memry.D. Impacts f sudden disturbance.
4. Hw can students apply the Zeigarnik effect?
A. By making use f leisure time.B. By intensifying targeted drills.
C. By keeping learning withut cease.D. By valuing discntinuus learning.
（25-26高三上·安徽·阶段练习）In eight experiments, the researchers asked adults t describe what typical children are like. After fcusing n children in this way, participants later indicated higher mtivatin twards sympathetic values, such as helpfulness and scial justice, and they reprted greater cmpassin fr the difficult situatins fr ther adults.
In a field study, the researchers fund that when n children were present and all passers-by were adults n a shpping street, adult passers-by made ne dnatin every ten minutes. But when children and adults were equally present, adult passers-by made tw dnatins every ten minutes.
These effects culd nt be accunted fr by higher ftfall (人流) during busy times. Instead, they suggested that the presence f children can make adults behave mre generusly and dnate mre ften.
Interestingly, these findings pint t a widely applicable effect. The researchers bserved that the “child salience effect” was bvius amng bth parents and nn-parents, men and wmen, yunger and lder participants, and even amng thse wh had relatively negative attitudes twards children.
Lead researcher Dr Lukas Wlf frm the Department f Psychlgy explains, “While previus evidence has shwn that we are typically mre helpful and sympathetic twards children, n research has been dne t examine whether the presence f children alne encurages us t be mre pr-scial twards thers in general. Our research addresses this gap by shwing that the presence f children brings ut brad pr-scial mtivatin and dnatin behavir twards causes nt directly related t children.”
Dr Wlf says that this ptential fr widespread effects is imprtant because it indicates sciety needs t cnsider new ways t invlve children mre directly in varius aspects f life. “Our findings shwing the imprtance f children fr sympathetic behavir in sciety prvide a glimpse f a much bigger impact,” he says.
He adds, “The finding calls fr mre integratin f children in cntexts where adults make imprtant lng-term decisins, such as n climate change. Varius initiatives ver recent years have been established t raise the imprtance f yuth vices, fr example Children’s Parliament.”
5. The purpse f the research is t examine ________.
A. wh are mre sympathetic — children r adults
B. if being arund kids makes adults mre generus
C. when adults have mre sympathy fr thers
D. whether adults’ behavir can mtivate kids’ sympathy
6. What can be learned frm the field study?
A. The ftfall greatly influenced the result.
B. The result went against the researchers’ assumptin.
C. The presence f kids affected adults’ decisins.
D. Adults were willing t give in public places.
7. What is special abut the research?
A. It made adults mre friendly t children.
B. It applied the “child salience effect” t the experiments.
C. It fund kids’ presence encuraged adults’ kindness t thers.
D. It invlved peple with relatively negative attitudes t children.
8. What will Dr Wlf prbably agree with?
A. Adults shuld set mre examples fr children.
B. There is a need fr adults t spend mre time with children.
C. The sciety shuld fcus mre n children’ grwth.
D. Children shuld have mre chances t have their vices heard.
（24-25高三上·广东·阶段练习）The ban n cigarette advertising in the early 1970s in the United States serves as a fascinating case study in the field f public health campaigns and their unintended cnsequences. Despite the gvernment’s intentin t discurage smking and reduce related health risks, the ban led t an unexpected utcme: an increase in cigarette sales fr the majr tbacc cmpanies.
The reasn fr this unexpected utcme can be traced t the principles f game thery, particularly the prisner’s dilemma paradx (悖论). Just as in the prisner’s dilemma, where cperatin leads t the best utcme fr bth parties, the tbacc cmpanies wuld benefit cllectively if nne f them advertised. This actin wuld create fairness in cmpetitin, ensuring that n individual cmpany gains an edge by advertising.
Hwever, the dilemma arises when cnsidering the ptential actins f cmpetitrs. If ne tbacc cmpany decides t ignre the ban and advertise its prducts, it stands t gain a significant market share and increased sales cmpared t its nn-advertising cmpetitrs. This creates a situatin where each cmpany faces the urge t advertise, fearing that their cmpetitrs may d the same and leave them at a disadvantage.
In the end, mst tbacc cmpanies decided t play it safe and invested in advertising, despite the ban, t avid being left behind in the cmpetitive landscape. This strategic decisin reflects the uncertainty and strategic cnsideratins that shape business decisins, even in the face f regulatins aimed at public health gals.
This applicatin f game thery prvides valuable insight int the cmplexities f influencing human behavir thrugh plicy interventins. While well-intended effrts such as advertising bans may seem straightfrward in thery, the realities f strategic decisin-making and cmpetitive dynamics ften lead t unfreseen utcmes. As such, understanding the cmplexities f game thery can prvide valuable insight fr plicymakers seeking t design mre effective interventins and address cmplex scietal challenges.
1. What is a direct result f the ban in the 1970s?
A. Cut in tax incme.B. Reductin in health risks.
C. Rise in tbacc sales.D. Cperatin f cmpanies.
2. Hw can all cmpetitrs benefit in the prisner’s dilemma?
A. They fully trust each ther and fllw the regulatins.
B. They act independently and pursue their wn interests.
C. They increase their market share at the expense f thers.
D. They ignre cmpetitin and fcus n their wn strategies.
3. Why d mst tbacc cmpanies finally chse t advertise?
A. T avid intense cmpetitin.B. T gain a cmpetitive advantage.
C. T shape better business images.D. T achieve public health gals.
4. What can be the mst suitable title fr the passage?
A. A Gd Intentin FailsB. A Ban n Cigarette Advertising Ends in Smke
C. A Ban Bsts Public HealthD. A Dilemma Cncerns Cigarette CampaignPLANES — Synthetic hydrcarbns
The hardest sectr t decarbnize is aviatin. One lng-term ptin fr sustainable fuel fr planes is t make hydrcarbns frm recycled air.
CARS — Batteries
Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug int existing systems and services. New slid-state batteries will take a car farther n a single charge.
TRAINS — Electricity
Sme trains are already electrified thrugh rails r wires; thers can be made electric in pretty simple ways.
TRUCKS — Hydrgen
fuel cells
Hydrgen fuel cells are a lighter chice than batteries fr trucks, but making green hydrgen is expensive.
SHIPS — Liquid ammnia
Liquid ammnia is easy t keep and transprt, but it is hard t ignite (点燃) and requires an engine redesign.
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