专题06 细节理解题（知识清单）（含答案）2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单（全国通用）

这是一份专题06 细节理解题（知识清单）（含答案）2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单（全国通用），文件包含专题06细节理解题知识清单原卷版2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单全国通用docx、专题06细节理解题知识清单解析版2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单全国通用docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共57页， 欢迎下载使用。

01细节理解题五年高考考情统计
02细节理解题五年高考考情解读
1.选材特点
①题材更丰富多元：选材来自国外英文图书、报刊、网络媒体等，涵盖科普、社会、文化、地理、历史、政治、经济、人文、日常生活等各个领域。
②语篇更具实用性：越来越注重选取与现实生活紧密相关、具有实际应用价值的文本，如科技成果介绍、生活小贴士、文化活动报道等，要求考生能够从文本中获取具体的实用信息。
2.题型设置
①设题方式更灵活：不再局限于传统的“Wh-”问题（如what、where、when、wh、why）和判断正误题，可能会出现图表题、排序题、信息匹配题等多种形式，考查考生对不同类型信息的提取和处理能力。
②跨段落细节整合增多：答案可能不再局限于某一个段落，而是需要考生从多个段落中提取相关细节信息，并进行整合和归纳，对考生把握文章整体结构和梳理信息的能力要求更高。
③增加隐含细节考查：除了直接在文中能够找到的显性细节，会更多地设置需要考生通过对上下文的理解、推理才能得出答案的隐含细节题，考查考生的深度理解能力。
④细节理解题每年占6-9题，细节杂糅更普遍：将文章中不同位置的细节信息进行拼凑组合，形成一个看似与原文相关，但实际上逻辑混乱或与原文不符的干扰项，让考生难以辨别。体裁以应用文为主，说明文和记叙文为辅。
3.能力要求
①信息定位要求提高：阅读量和阅读速度要求持续提升，考生需要在有限时间内快速浏览文章，精准定位到与题目相关的细节信息。
②综合理解能力凸显：考生不仅要理解单个句子或段落中的细节，还需要理解细节之间的逻辑关系，以及这些细节与文章主旨、作者观点之间的联系，对综合理解能力的要求不断提高。
03细节理解题五年高考考点分类
04细节理解题五年高考选项特点
1.正确选项特征
2.干扰选项特征
05阅读理解满分突破思维导图
01直接信息题解题指导
1.题型解读
解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。
2.命题方式
22. Which mde f transprt can g green cmparatively easily? (2025全国一卷)
23. What des the authr suggest visitrs d in Mevagissey? (2025全国一卷)
23. What are the vlunteers expected t d? (2024新课标I卷)
28. Hw is the Saint Lukas different frm ther trains? (2024全国甲卷)
29. What are the selected artwrks abut? (2023新课标II卷)
3.思维导图
4.解题步骤
第一步: 读题干, 抓住关键词;
第二步: 带着问题快速阅读短文, 找出与问题有关的词语或句子;
第三步: 仔细对比选项和原文信息, 继而找出答案。
02 直接信息理解题跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2025全国二卷A篇片段)
English Market Twns t Visit in the UK
English market twns cme in many shapes and sizes. Each has a persnality shaped by the gds and services prduced and traded fr centuries. But each twn has mre t d than shp.
Herefrd, Herefrdshire
Herefrd has remained a lively market twn since 1189. Skirting the twn square, yu’ll find lvely shps, eateries, and the Black and White Huse Museum. The Herefrd Cathedral is the mst impressive building in twn. It’s als hme t an ancient library. One f the fur riginal cpies f the Magna Carta is displayed there.
Ludlw, Shrpshire
…
Shrewsbury, Shrpshire
…
Mevagissey, Crnwall
…
21. Where can yu find an riginal cpy f the Magna Carta?
A. In the Ludlw Castle.B. In the Fdie Center f England.
C. In the Herefrd Cathedral.D. In the Black and White Huse Museum.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: Where,find, riginal cpy,the Magna Carta
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据Herefrd, Herefrdshire部分中“The Herefrd Cathedral is the mst impressive building in twn. It’s als hme t an ancient library. One f the fur riginal cpies f the Magna Carta is displayed there. (赫里福德大教堂是镇上最令人印象深刻的建筑。它还拥有一座古老的图书馆，《大宪章》的四份原始副本之一便陈列于此)”可知，在赫里福德大教堂可以找到《大宪章》的原始副本。there是信息词，there= The Herefrd Cathedral。
第三步：比对选项信息。《大宪章》的四份原始副本之一便陈列于赫里福德大教堂。故选C。
跟踪训练2 (2024新课标I卷A篇片段)
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
…
GROUPS
Grups f five r mre require special arrangements and must be cnfirmed in advance. Please review the List f Available Prjects and fill ut the Grup Prject Request Frm.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Vlunteers aged 10 and ver are welcme. Read ur Yuth Plicy Guidelines fr yuth under the age f 15.
Bring yur cmpleted Vlunteer Agreement Frm. Vlunteers under the age f 18 must have the parent/guardian apprval sectin signed.
We’ll be wrking rain r shine. Wear clthes that can get dirty. Bring layers fr changing weather and a raincat if necessary.
Bring a persnal water bttle, sunscreen, and lunch.
N experience necessary. Training and tls will be prvided. Fulfills (满足) cmmunity service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
…
22. What is the lwer age limit fr jining the Habitat Restratin Team?
A. 5.B. 10.C. 15.D. 18.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词What, the lwer age limit, jining the Habitat Restratin Team。
第二步：根据关键词定位到AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING部分，“Vlunteers aged 10 and ver are welcme. (欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者)”可知，本段提到Vlunteers aged 10 and ver, yuth under the age f 15和Vlunteers under the age f 18。结合题干the lwer age limit，可知栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。
第三步：比对选项得出答案B。
跟踪训练3 (2024全国甲卷A篇片段)
Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebratin f the Harvard cmmunity's artistic creativity. We invite yu t jin us fr the cming ARTS FIRST. We lk frward t welcming yu as we shwcase the creativity f the Harvard arts cmmunity thrugh perfrmances, art exhibitins and art-making activities. The festival is a public event fr Harvard and cmmunity members f all ages.
Light Awash in Waterclr
Learn abut the materials and qualities f waterclr paint with experts frm the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try yur hand at sme f the painting tricks used by artists whse wrks will be in the upcming exhibitin f American Waterclrs 1880-1990: Int the Light.
Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity
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Wheel Thrwing
…
Knitting and Pm-Pm Making
…
22. Which prgram will yu jin if yu're interested in drawing pictures?
A. Light Awash in Waterclr.B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity.
C. Wheel Thrwing.D. Knitting and Pm-Pm Making.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Which prgram, jin, if yu're interested in drawing pictures。
第二步：根据关键词定位到Light Awash in Waterclr部分，“Learn abut the materials and qualities f waterclr paint with experts frm the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try yur hand at sme f the painting tricks used by artists whse wrks will be in the upcming exhibitin f American Waterclrs 1880 — 1990: Int the Light. (与哈佛艺术博物馆材料实验室的专家一起了解水彩颜料的材料和质量。在即将到来的“1880 — 1990年美国水彩画：进入光”展览中，尝试一下艺术家们使用的一些绘画技巧。)”可知，如果对画画感兴趣，可以参加Light Awash in Waterclr。文中waterclr paint，painting tricks和American Waterclrs 1880-1990: Int the Light.都是一个“绘画”主题。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
跟踪训练4 (2023新课标I卷A篇片段)
Bike Rental & Guided Turs
Welcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. Yu see much mre frm the seat f a bike! Cycling is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights. Yu can als bike alng lvely landscapes utside f Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
…
Prices
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Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
23. Where des the guided city tur start?
A. The Gyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Where, the guided city tur, start。
第二步：根据关键词定位到根据文章最后一段“The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。同义替换：start= depart frm。
第三步：比对选项得出答案D。
01间接信息题解题指导
间接细节题是直接信息的转述、原文信息的间接表达、直接信息背后隐含内容的表达。相比直接信息题命题,间接信息题的隐蔽性、迷惑性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。
1.思维导图
2.解题思路
在解答间接信息题时，我们还可采用排除法，这就要求我们了解选项的特点。间接信息题的正确选项不会照搬原文，会对原文信息进行改写，常见的改写方式有：替换原文中的关键词；改变关键词的词性；简化语言表达。干扰项往往根据文中的某个细节来设置，常有以下几种情况：①无中生有：选项信息在文中根本没有提到或与文中信息完全相反；②张冠李戴：把A事物的信息加诸在B事物上；③断章取义：选项中含有部分原文信息，但整体描述不准确（这种选项的干扰性最强，考生在答题时要特别注意）。
02 间接信息题跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2025全国一卷A篇片段)
This energy transitin (变革) is glbal, and the amunt f renewable energy the wrld will need is “a little bit mind-blwing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the Natinal Renewable Energy Labratry. It’s estimated that the glbal demand fr electricity culd mre than duble by 2050. Frtunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up t the task. “We need t speed up the develpment f green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke.
23. What des Wipke suggest regarding energy transitin?
A. Limiting fuel cnsumptin.B. Putting mre effrt int renewables.
C. Imprving energy efficiency.D. Making electricity mre affrdable.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Wipke，suggest，energy transitin。
第二步：根据题干定位到最后一段中“We need t speed up the develpment f green energy and it will all get used,” says Wipke. (Wipke说：“我们需要加速绿色能源的开发，而且这些能源都会被利用起来。”)。We need t speed up the develpment f green energy, and it will all get used. (我们需要加快绿色能源的发展，而这些能源都会得到利用。)。Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入，即加大对绿色能源的投入。need t speed up the develpment=Putting mre effrt int，green energy= renewables是同义替换。
第三步：比对选项得出答案B。
跟踪训练2 (2025全国二卷B篇片段)
English Market Twns t Visit in the UK
English market twns cme in many shapes and sizes. Each has a persnality shaped by the gds and services prduced and traded fr centuries. But each twn has mre t d than shp.
Herefrd, Herefrdshire
…
Ludlw, Shrpshire
…
Shrewsbury, Shrpshire
Getting t Shrewsbury Twn Center frm Lndn is challenging but wrth the anxiety. The River Severn has a significant turn thrugh twn, almst making an island f Shrewsbury Twn Center. The shape creates a perfect market where gds culd be shipped and received using the river as a highway. Flwers are everywhere-hanging baskets, windw bxes, and planters-just what yu imagine in an attractive English market twn.
Mevagissey, Crnwall
..
22. What is a feature f Shrewsbury Twn Center?
A. It’s situated near a big island.B. It’s almst surrunded by water.
C. It’s knwn fr its flwer festival.D. It’s easily accessible frm Lndn.
解析：
第一步：阅读题干，提炼出关键词：feature，Shrewsbury Twn Center。
第二步：根据题干定位到文章第四段Shrewsbury, Shrpshire部分。“The River Severn has a significant turn thrugh twn, almst making an island f Shrewsbury Twn Center. The shape creates a perfect market where gds culd be shipped and received using the river as a highway. (塞文河在流经小镇时出现一个明显的转弯，几乎将什鲁斯伯里镇中心变成一座孤岛。这种地形造就了一个绝佳的集市，在这里，人们可以借助这条河流作为运输通道来收发货物)”可知，什鲁斯伯里镇中心几乎被水包围。It’s almst surrunded by water=has a significant turn thrugh twn, almst making an island f Shrewsbury Twn Center，答案是对原文转换和高度概括。
第三步：比对选项得出答案B。
跟踪训练3 (2024新课标I卷D篇片段)
In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
…
32. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词What, knw abut, the recrds f species cllected nw。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位到第一段：“Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds= They are mstly in electrnic frm，electrnic是对原文高度概括。
第三步：比对选项得出答案B。
跟踪训练4 (2020全国III卷B篇片段)
Returning t a bk yu’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an ld friend. …
The beauty f rereading lies in the idea that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present mental register. …
There are three bks I reread annually. The first, which I take t reading every spring is Ernest Hemingway’s A Mveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris. The language is almst intxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time. Anther is Annie Dillard’s Hly the Firm, her petic 1975 ramble (随笔) abut everything and nthing. The third bk is Juli Crtazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Pems, because petry. And because Crtazar.
…
25. What d we knw abut the bk A Mveable Feast?
A. It’s a brief accunt f a trip.
B. It’s abut Hemingway’s life as a yung man.
C. It’s a recrd f a histric event.
D. It’s abut Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词What, knw abut, the bk A Mveable Feast。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位到第三段。本段中的Published in 1964, it's his classic memir f 1920s Paris. The language is almst intxicating, an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time介绍了海明威的《流动的盛宴》的内容，其中的memir（自传）,an aging writer lking back n（一位上了年纪的作家回顾）表明这本书写的是作者海明威自己年轻时的经历。B项中的yung是对aging、lking back n、an ambitius yet simpler time等表达的归纳概括。这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Mvable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。
第三步：比对选项得出答案B。
03数字计算题解题指导
细节理解之数字计算题考点是高考中的必考点。数字计算题考点主要在广告信息类文章中考，锁定题干直接找相关的文章内容，提取相关信息，进行简单的计算，就可以得出正确答案。预测在2026高考中，数字计算题会在广告信息文章中和说明文中的部分试题中呈现。
1.思维导图
2.解题步骤
原文定位：依据题干关键词，然后寻读原文，同时标记数字、时间、年代等相关信息。
理清关系：数据与原文数据的逻辑关系，并进行加减乘除计算。
特别关注：decade 十年frtnight两周duble两倍 cuple两个scre二十dzen十二ff削价，减价discunt折扣。
做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间；划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率；错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。
04数字计算题跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2025全国一卷I阅读A片段)
The greening f planes, trains and autmbiles
Mving gds and peple arund the wrld is respnsible fr a large part f glbal CO2 emissins (排放). As the wrld races t decarbnize everything, it faces particular prblems with transprtatin — which accunts fr abut a quarter f ur energy-related greenhuse gas emissins. Here’s the breakdwn f the emissins in 2018 fr different mdes f transprt.
21. What percentage f glbal transprt emissins did rad vehicles accunt fr in 2018?
A. 11.6%.B. 45.1%.C. 74.5%.D. 86.1%.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词glbal transprt emissins, rad vehicles,in 2018。
第二步：根据关键词定位到原文示意图。根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1% (道路(客运)45.1%)”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4% (道路(货运)29.4%)”可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。
跟踪训练2 (2023新课标I卷阅读A片段)
Bike Rental & Guided Turs
Welcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. ...
Why MacBike
MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Guided City Turs
…
22. Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days？
A．15.75. B．19.50. C． 22.75. D． 29.50.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Hw much, a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days。
第二步：根据关键词定位到原文定价表第二列最后两行，由表格可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，每加一天需要8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75＋8＝22.75欧元。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。
跟踪训练3 (2023新课标I卷阅读A片段)
Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)
The Exhibitin
This exhibitin f sme sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and wrk f Sctland’s best lved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, cmes t Lndn. Selected frm cllectins thrughut the wrld, it is the first majr exhibitin f his wrk t be held in ver frty years.
Lecture Series
…
Exhibitin Times
…
Admissin
£4. Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schls and Clleges
A special lw entrance charge f £2 per persn is available t all in full-time educatin, up t and including thse at first degree level, in rganised grups with teachers.
22. Hw much wuld a cuple with tw children under 12 pay fr admissin?
A. £4.B. £8.C. £12.D. £16.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Hw much, a cuple with tw children under 12, pay fr admissin。
第二步：根据关键词定位到Admissin部分“£4. Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.(4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。)”可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。
第三步：比对选项得出答案B。
跟踪训练4 (2025浙江1月卷阅读A片段)
Interlibrary Lan (ILL) prvides teachers, students and staff with access t bks that are checked ut r nt wned by ur wn libraries, as well as digitized cpies f articles and bk chapters frm ur cllectin.
Wh Can Brrw?
…
Hw Lng Des It Take?
…
Length f Lans
…
Ntificatin/Delivery Optins
…
Interlibrary Lan Fees
23. Hw much d yu pay fr tw articles btained frm an internatinal library?
A. $15. B. $20. C. $24. D. $30.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词Hw much, pay fr, tw articles, frm an internatinal library。
第二步：根据关键词定位到Interlibrary Lan Fees表格部分：Internatinal Libraries 可知，从国际图书馆获取一篇文章或章节的费用是$15，那么两篇文章的费用是$15 ×2 = $30
第三步：比对选项得出答案B。
01 阅读细节理解题答题误区
1.扩缩范围
选项中的描述将原文内容扩大或缩小，与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动。干扰项常使用与文中某句话相似的句子结构和陈述，但在关键地方换了单词，增加或删除了部分信息，从而改变了句意。
2.张冠李戴
所述细节确实与原文一致，但变换了主体，把文中的 “张三” 换成了选项中的 “李四”。或者把文中作者的观点与他人的观点混淆在一起，比如题干问的是作者的观点，选项陈述的是他人的观点。
3.无中生有
选项内容在意思上符合常识，但与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。考生容易在没有充分理解文章信息的情况下凭主观臆断答错题。
4.原词再现
选项内容部分是文章原文原句或原词，实则部分正确或部分错误，考生对具体信息的内容记忆不全，对这样的试题缺少足够的判断，错选选项。
02 阅读细节理解题误区应对
1.精准定位
先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句。如 2022 年海淀区高三 “一模” 试题中问 “Accrding t the passage, what is‘fresh start effect’”，考生可根据题干定位到文章第一段相关内容。
2.仔细核对
将选项与定位到的原文内容进行仔细对照比较，看选项是否与原文完全一致，注意关键词的同义替换、句式的转换等。对于一些看似与原文相似的选项，要特别注意其是否在范围、主体、时态等方面与原文有差异。
3.避免主观臆断
严格依据原文内容答题，不要仅凭自己的常识或主观想法去选择答案。如果原文中没有明确提及的内容，即使选项看起来很合理，也不能选。
4.全面捕捉信息
当细节理解题考查的是多处信息的整合时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据 “一面之词” 草率地得出结论。
03 阅读细节理解题满分策略
一、阅读理解应用文细节理解题居多，落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”。
二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。
三、文章出处题注意利用文章“总分”结构，即首尾段相关关键词作答。
四、写作意图题要结合试题内容类型，尤其是首尾段做出合理推测判断。
五、写作对象题需要结合首尾段关键信息，对象可能是家长、游客等。
六、规范训练目标：先题后文，做标记，留痕迹；零失误，限时6分钟/篇。
04细节理解题同义替换归纳
1.高频同义转换（动词类）
2.高频同义转换（名词类）
卷别
细节理解题
猜测词义题
推理判断题
主旨大意题
2025全国一卷
7
1
6
1
2025全国二卷
8
1
4
2
2024新课标I卷
9
1
4
1
2024新课标II卷
9
1
4
1
2024全国甲卷
7
1
6
1
2023新课标I卷
6
1
7
1
2023新课标II卷
6
1
7
1
2023全国甲卷
8
1
5
1
2023全国乙卷
5
1
8
1
2022新课标I卷
8
2
4
1
2022新课标II卷
8
2
4
1
2022全国甲卷
8
1
3
3
2022全国乙卷
10
1
3
1
2021新课标I卷
8
1
4
2
2021新课标II卷
11
1
2
1
2021全国甲卷
5
1
8
1
2021全国乙卷
6
1
6
2
同义替换
与原文关键信息相同含义的不同表达
信息归纳
对分散或复杂的信息进行概括或比较
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达意思明了
原文原词
利用原文原词作为正确选项比较简单
张冠李戴
是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容
无中生有
符合生活常识，但不是该文章的内容
曲解文意
极其相似但是细节处与原文有些出入
颠倒是非
在意思上与原文大相径庭或完全相反
正误参半
选项内容部分正确，部分和原文错误
Hand Brake, Three Gears
Ft Brake, N Gears
1 hur
7.50
5.00
3 hurs
11.00
7.50
1 day (24 hurs)
14.75
9.75
Each additinal day
8.00
6.00
Library Type
Lan Cst
Article/Chapter Cst
Nn-Prfit Libraries
$15
$10
Fr-Prfit Libraries
$20
$12
Internatinal Libraries
$25
$15
动词类同义替换（一）
动词类同义替换（二）
bk=reserve=rder
cnduct=carry ut
please=amuse=entertain
imprve=prmte
guarantee=ensure
dcument=recrd
ruin=destry=damage=vilate
declare=annunce=infrm
divide=separate=part with
cmplete = fulfill =accmplish= achieve
delay=put ff=pstpne
give=supply=prvide=ffer
encurage = mtivate =stimulate = spur
reject=refuse=turn dwn=decline
receive=accept
see=bserve=ntice=spt
search=explre
cnnect=link=relate=assciate
discurage=frustrate
rent=hire
prve=turn ut
remve=get rid f
admire=appreciate
pssess=wn
decide=determine=reslve t d
get= btain= acquire= gain= pssess
名词类同义替换（一）
名词类同义替换（二）
data=statistics
nvel=fictin
feature=characteristics
career=ccupatin
manners=etiquette
gratitude=appreciatin
experiment=trial
persnality=character
stress=pressure
rigin=pineer
circumstance=envirnment=atmsphere
creatin=innvatin
achievement=recgnitin
ptin=chice=selectin
material=resurce
luggage=baggage=package
rule=regulatin=principle
directin=discipline=guideline
clleague=cwrker
essay=passage=article=text
apprach=way=methd=means
3.高频同义转换（形容词副词类）
3.高频同义转换（高频短语类）
细节理解题综合能力提升
真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维
01 (2024浙江1月卷)
Tm Sawyer Play Is an Adventure
A 35-minute hand-clapping, ft-stmping musical versin f a Mark Twain favrite returns with this Tall Stacks festival.
“Tm Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the gd stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Je McDnugh, with music by David Kisr. That’s the lcal stage writing team that creates many f the Children’s Theatre f Cincinnati’s riginal musicals, alng with the hliday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
This year Nathan Turner f Burlingtn is Tm Sawyer, and Rbbie McMath f Frt Mitchell is Huck Finn.
Tumer, a 10th-grader at Schl fr Creative and Perfrming Arts, is a familiar presence n Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act r f Children’s Theatre, having played leading rles in “The Legend f Sleepy Hllw” and “The Wizard f Oz,” and is fresh frm Jersey Prductin “Ragtime”.
McMath is a junir at Beechwd High Schl. He was in the cast f “Tm Sewyer” when it was first perfrmed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shws t his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Gvernr’s Schl fr the Arts in Musical Theatre.
Nte t teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demnstrating hw math and science can be taught thrugh “Tm Sawyer.” Fr dwnladable lessns, visit the fficial website f Children’s Theatre.
21. Wh wrte the music fr “Tm Sawyer: A River Adventure”? (细节理解题)
A. David Kisr.B. Je McDnugh.C. Nathan Turner.D. Rbbie McMath.
22. What can we learn abut the tw actrs? (细节理解题)
A. They study in the same schl.B. They wrked tgether in “Ragtime”.
C. They are experienced n stage.D. They became friends ten years ag.
23. What des Children’s Theatre prvide fr teachers? (细节理解题)
A. Research funding.B. Training pprtunities.
C. Technical supprt.D. Educatinal resurces.
【答案】21. A22. C23. D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍由马克·吐温的作品所改编的音乐剧《汤姆·索亚：河上历险记》。
21.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is adapted by Je McDnugh, with music by David Kisr.(本剧由乔·麦克多诺改编，大卫·基索作曲。)”可知，本剧是由大卫·基索作曲的。故选A项。
22.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Tumer, a 10th-grader at Schl fr Creative and Perfrming Arts, is a familiar presence n Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act r f Children’s Theatre, having played leading rles in “The Legend f Sleepy Hllw” and “The Wizard f Oz,” and is fresh frm Jersey Prductin “Ragtime”.(Tumer是一名创意与表演艺术学校的10年级学生，是辛辛那提舞台上的常客。他是儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角，也是新泽西制作公司‘Ragtime’的新成员。)”可知，Tumer是辛辛那提舞台上的常客，儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角；根据第五段中的“McMath is a junir at Beechwd High Schl. He was in the cast f “Tm Sewyer” when it was first perfrmed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shws t his credit.(McMath是比奇伍德高中的三年级学生。他是《汤姆·休厄》首演时的演员，也是儿童剧院的常客，演出了五场。)”可知，McMath也是儿童剧院的常客；综合以上信息可知，这两位演员在舞台上经验丰富。故选C项。
23.细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Nte t teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demnstrating hw math and science can be taught thrugh “Tm Sawyer.” Fr dwnladable lessns, visit the fficial website f Children’s Theatre.(给老师们的提示：儿童剧院有一份学习指南，展示了如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学。如欲下载课程，请访问儿童剧院官方网站。)”可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了一份学习指南，展示如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学，可通过儿童剧院的网站下载课程；由此可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了教育资源。故选D项。
02 (2023浙江1月卷)
Explrers Camp
•Full day camp fr kids aged 5-13.
•Mnday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
•Register fr a single week r multiple weeks.
•Fees: $365 per week.
•The last day t cancel registratin and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided int tw thematic sessins per age grup. Campers have a three-hur mrning class engaging with a mrning theme (9am t 12 nn) and a ne-hur lunch break, fllwed by anther three-hur class engaging with an afternn theme (1pm t 4pm). Snack perids are held thrughut the day. All campers shuld bring their wn bagged lunch and snacks.
Camp Cntent
Explrers Camp rganizes engaging arts, histry and science-related activities in every class, and fcuses n a range f tpics that emphasize active learning, explratin and, mst f all, fun! All camp sessins are created with age-apprpriate activities that are tailred t the multiple ways that kids learn.
Camp Staff
Campers enjy a staff-t-child rati ranging frm 1:4 t 1:7 depending n the age grup. Instructrs are passinate educatrs wh are experts in their fields and have undergne training and a backgrund check.
21. On which f the fllwing dates can yu cancel yur registratin with a full refund? (细节理解题)
A. June 12.B. June 22.C. July 19.D. July 26.
22. Hw are campers divided int different grups? (细节理解题)
A. By gender.B. By natinality.C. By interest.D. By age.
23. Hw many hurs f class will yu have altgether if yu register fr a single week? (细节理解题)
A. 15.B. 21.C. 30.D. 42.
【答案】21. A22. D23. C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了探险家营地的相关信息。
21.细节理解题。根据“•The last day t cancel registratin and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15. (取消注册并获得全额退款的最后一天是6月15日)”可知，你可以在6月12日取消注册并全额退款。故选A。
22.细节理解题。根据Camp Structure部分中的“The day is divided int tw thematic sessins per age grup.(白天按每个年龄组分为两个专题会议)”可知，露营者按年龄划分成不同的小组。故选D。
23.细节理解题。根据“•Mnday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.( 7月8日至26日，星期一至星期五，上午9点至下午4点)”可知，每周安排5天的活动。根据Camp Structure部分中的“Campers have a three-hur mrning class engaging with a mrning theme (9am t 12 nn) and a ne-hur lunch break, fllwed by anther three-hur class engaging with an afternn theme (1pm t 4pm).(露营者有一个三小时的上午课程（上午9点到中午12点）和一个小时的午休时间，然后是另一个三个小时的下午课程（下午1点到下午4点）)”可知，全天有6个小时的课程。5*6=30。由此可知，如果你注册一周，你总共有30小时的课程。故选C。
03 (2023新课标I卷)
Jim Jhnsn, a mail carrier, was an institutin in the leafy Westmreland, Westhaven and Westver Hills neighbrhds. just nrth f dwntwn Wilmingtn, where he delivered much mre than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the grceries; he tk nte f unlcked drs, ffered gardening advice, and taught mre than a few yung bys the art f the curveball. When he wasn't ding all that, Jim was running acrss a checkerbard f green lawns(草坪) t ensure the lcal pstal service did nt fall shrt f its daily prmise.
Thugh the pstal service is ften disparaged nw, the trust in lcal pstal service lives n. In many cmmunities, that trust is wn every day when life-saving medicine, greeting cards, scial security checks, cllege acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailbxes in frnt f the huses.
After mre than three decades, Jim apprached his final days n the jb much like any ther. He drve a bxy pstal truck t Nrth DuPnt Rad fr the first unfficial stp f the day. Butch, a dg wh belnged t ne f the neighbrs, was waiting just like every day befre. And just like every day befre, he gt int the jump seat and they were ff. On the rute, Jim and Butch had becme inseparable. Nw, the dg and the mailman wuld ride ff t retirement tgether. At every stp, Jim accepted the parting gd wishes f families that had becme his wn. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memries.
It’s been 33 years since Jim left the rute, but we are still reminded f the deep bnd established between cmmunity and letter carrier. That’s what the pstal service means t us.
24. What d we knw abut Jim Jhnsn frm the first paragraph?
A. He’s pen-minded.B. He’s sharp-eyed.
C. He’s warm-hearted.D. He’s strng-willed.
25. What des the underlined wrd “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Refused.B. Criticized.C. Investigated.D. Suspended.
26. What did Jim d besides daily delivery n his final days f wrk? (细节理解题)
A. He drve Butch t its wner.B. He sent presents t his friends.
C. He prepared a retirement party.D. He said gdbye t the neighbrs.
27. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T remember a respected mail carrier.B. T recrd an unfrgettable experience.
C. T raise funds fr the pstal service.D. T call fr harmny in the cmmunity.
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了邮递员吉姆·约翰逊在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。
24. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the grceries; he tk nte f unlcked drs, ffered gardening advice, and taught mre than a few yung bys the art f the curveball. When he wasn't ding all that, Jim was running acrss a checkerbard f green lawns (草坪) t ensure the lcal pstal service did nt fall shrt f its daily prmise.(他知道所有孩子和他们宠物的名字；他把杂货搬进来；他注意到那些没锁的门，提供园艺方面的建议，还教了几个小男孩曲球的艺术。当他不做这些事情的时候，吉姆会跑过棋盘状的绿色草坪，以确保当地的邮政服务不会达不到每天的承诺)”可推知，吉姆·约翰逊是一个热心肠的人。故选C项。
25.词句猜测题。根据划线单词句“Thugh the pstal service is ften disparaged nw, the trust in lcal pstal service lives n.(虽然邮政服务现在经常disparaged，但人们对当地邮政服务的信任仍然存在)”可知，前后句是转折关系，后半句说对当地邮政服务的信任依然存在，那么前半句应该是说邮政服务现在常被批评，由此表明，邮政服务经常被看不起或批评。由此可知，划线词disparaged与“Criticized(批评)”意思相近。故选B项。
26.细节理解题。根据第三段中“At every stp, Jim accepted the parting gd wishes f families that had becme his wn. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memries.(每到一站，吉姆都会接受那些已经成为他自己的家人的告别祝福。有泪水，有欢笑，有充满温暖回忆的拥抱)”可知，吉姆在工作的最后几天除了每天送货外，还向邻居们告别。故选D项。
27. 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“It’s been 33 years since Jim left the rute, but we are still reminded f the deep bnd established between cmmunity and letter carrier. That’s what the pstal service means t us.(吉姆离开这条路线已经33年了，但我们仍然记得社区和邮递员之间建立的深厚联系。这就是邮政服务对我们的意义)”可知，文章主要讲述了吉姆·约翰逊这位邮递员在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是纪念一位受人尊敬的邮递员。故选A项。
模拟专区：精选名校真题好题，帮你锤炼做题技巧，助力冲刺备考圆梦高考
05（25-26高三上·四川巴中·开学考试）
Infrmatin fr Schl Activities t Kew Gardens
Kew Gardens are famus fr its diverse living plants and a wide range f educatinal events and activities. Belw is the necessary infrmatin abut planning a schl visit t Kew.
Educatinal Sessin Prices
Students will participate in the educatinal sessins in grups f 15. Prices vary based n different situatins:
Fr Early Years Fundatin Stage
• Key Stage 4: 45-minute sessins; £35/ grup; 90-minute sessins; £70/ grup
• Key Stage 5: Half day (1 sessin) : £80/ grup: Full day (2 sessins) : £160/ grup
Fr Teachers and Adults
• One adult accmpanying ne pupil: Free:
• Adults abve the required ratis: £11/ persn
The payment will be due within 28 calendar days f making the bking.
Health and Safety
Required Supervising (监护) Adult-Student Rati:
• Key Stage 4 1:12
• Key Stage 5 1:6
The grup sizes shuld be cntrlled if yu are visiting restricted r ptentially busy areas such as glasshuses and ther attractins. The maximum number f students visiting the greenhuses is 15 per grup; each grup t Kew shps shuld include n mre than 10 students.
Risk Assessment
Standard risk assessment directs yu t custmize a student-riented risk assessment. If there is an emergency, d nt call 999, cntact the nearest staff r call Cnstabulary n 0208 332 3333.
Planning Yur Visit
Yur tickets and tw planning passes will be sent t yu upn the receipt f yur payment. Yu can cmplete yur risk assessment with the passes. Shw the tickets and receipt dcuments t the gates staff n the day f visit. Recmmended Timings
Our gardens pen at 10 a.m. Yu are recmmended t spend at least three hurs n yur visits. The clsing times vary while the earliest is 3:30 p.m. We have a fixed schedule fr educatin sessins, which is frm 10:30 a.m. t 2:20 p.m. (except KS5).
1．If a grup f 12 KS4 students and 2 teachers chses a 45-min sessin, hw much shuld be paid? (细节理解题)
A．£35.B．£46.C．£57.D．£81.
2．What shuld ne d in case f emergency?
A．Refer t the risk assessment.B．Telephne 999 immediately. (细节理解题)
C．Ask adults fr help.D．Seek help frm the staff nearby.
3．What is the purpse f the text?
A．T describe the Kew Garden.B．T emply the staff.
C．T guide schl visitrs.D．T intrduce the activities.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了学校组织参观邱园的相关信息，包括教育课程价格等。
1．细节理解题。根据Educatinal Sessin Prices中“Fr Early Years Fundatin Stage• Key Stage 4: 45-minute sessins; £35/ grup; 90-minute sessins; £70/ grup (针对幼儿基础阶段关键阶段4：45 分钟课程，每组35英镑；90分钟课程，每组70英镑)”以及 “Fr Teachers and Adults• One adult accmpanying ne pupil: Free:• Adults abve the required ratis: £11/ persn (针对教师及成人一名成人陪同一名学生：免费超出规定比例的成人：每人11英镑)”Health and Safety中“Required Supervising (监护) Adult-Student Rati:• Key Stage 4 1:12 (所需监护成人与学生比例：・关键阶段4 1:12)”可知，12名 KS4学生按比例需1名成人，现有2名教师，超出1名，需支付11英镑。课程费用35英镑，总计35+11=46英镑。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Risk Assessment中“If there is an emergency, d nt call 999, cntact the nearest staff r call Cnstabulary n 0208 332 3333. (如果发生紧急情况，不要拨打999，联系最近的工作人员或拨打02083323333联系警察。)”可知，遇到紧急情况应向附近工作人员求助。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Belw is the necessary infrmatin abut planning a schl visit t Kew. (以下是计划学校参观邱园的必要信息。)”可知，本文目的是指导学校参观者。故选C。
05（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）
New Scientist is the wrld’s mst ppular weekly science and technlgy publicatin. Our website, app and print editins cver internatinal news frm a scientific standpint.
Highlights:
News & Features
Daily nline updates and weekly magazine tp picks bring yu the latest scientific news, cvering everything frm artificial intelligence t breakthrughs in health and quantum (量子) physics. Written by researchers and expert jurnalists, feature articles separate fact frm fictin and turn discveries int easy-t-understand knwledge — n science backgrund needed.
Culture
This sectin explres the intersectin f science and culture, featuring reviews f bks, events, and exhibitins. It highlights the impact f science n sciety and the arts.
Views
We present readers’ letters, pinins, and articles by editrs, ffering in-depth analysis and diverse viewpints n science, culture, and scial issues. This sectin encurages critical thinking and discussin.
Subscriber-nly Benefits:
·Exclusive (专享的) access t articles with great cntent
·Pririty t paid turs t sites f scientific imprtance wrldwide
·Fur free virtual events each year, including lectures and masterclasses n science tpics
·Newsletters with the latest news and insights, sent directly t yur email r digital devices
Best ffer
1．What can yu find in New Scientist? (细节理解题)
A．Latest science fictin.B．Beginner-friendly science articles.
C．Academic writing guide.D．In-depth scientific research papers.
2．What is an advantage f being a subscriber? (细节理解题)
A．Staying infrmed f updates.B．Taking discunted science turs.
C．Getting free reading devices.D．Attending lectures in universities.
3．Hw much is the annual subscriptin fr print and digital access after the 10-week trial? (细节理解题)
A．$99.B．$109.C．$199.D．$2
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《新科学家》这本杂志的内容亮点及订阅者专享福利和订阅价格。
1．细节理解题。根据News & Features部分中“Written by researchers and expert jurnalists, feature articles separate fact frm fictin and turn discveries int easy-t-understand knwledge — n science backgrund needed.(由研究人员和专家记者撰写，专题文章将事实与虚构分开，并将发现转化为易于理解的知识——不需要科学背景)”可知，在《新科学家》中你可以找到适合初学者的科普文章。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据Subscriber-nly Benefits部分中“Newsletters with the latest news and insights, sent directly t yur email r digital devices(直接发送到您的电子邮件或数字设备上的包含最新新闻和见解的通讯)”可知，订阅者的一个优势是可以及时了解更新内容。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据Print and digital access部分中“Then $240 $199 annually(然后每年240美元降至199美元)”可知，10周试用期后，印刷版和数字版的年订阅费是199美元。故选C。
06（2025·陕西安康·三模）
The waiting rm was crwded with little kids and their parents, but I knew this was smething I, a husewife, needed t start ding.
When my name was called, I entered the small rm, wiping the sweat frm my palms.
“Oh!” the yung wman greeted me. “I wasn’t expecting t see any, uh... adults!”
When my friends turned fifty, they did exciting things t celebrate, like a trip t the sunny suth, a fancy dinner r a new hairstyle. I decided t learn t play the cell (大提琴).
I had heard that learning a musical instrument bsts brainpwer, s t fight against my ageing, I went t the music stre t peruse the ptins. Never having played strings befre, I rented a cell t see what I thught, and it was lve at first nte.
My new cell teacher was as yung as my daughter, and as she handed me the cell music, she inquired as t hw lng I’d been playing. “I just started,” I mumbled.
“I guess we’ll start yu ff like my ther students,” she said, handing me a bk full f phts f fur-year-ld cellists.
I started lessns tw years ag, and nw I play every day. Eagerly, I anticipate my cell practice time every evening, craving it, and lving the calm that always arrives. I have n idea hw much I will enjy the cell and hw much I need it. I’m nt sure where this cell playing will take me, but I lve mentining casually in cnversatin, “Yeah, I was just playing my cell tday...”
Recently, I played with a grup f musicians. T my surprise, peple applauded at the end. My friends’ new hairstyles have all grwn back. Their trips are nthing but memries, but I have dents(凹痕) in my fingers and a strategy fr keeping calm fr the next thirty years until I find anther new instrument t try.
1．Hw did the authr feel when she entered the music rm?
A．Shcked.B．Calm.C．Cnfident.D．Nervus.
2．Why did the authr chse t learn music at fifty? (细节理解题)
A．T make her childhd dream cme true.
B．T maintain her mental abilities.
C．T satisfy the expectatin f her family.
D．T try smething different frm her friends.
3．Why des the authr lk frward t practicing the cell every day? (细节理解题)
A．She enjys shwing ff.B．She wants t impress thers.
C．She is preparing fr a perfrmance.D．She lves the feeling it brings t her.
4．What can we learn frm this stry?
A．Every clud has a silver lining.B．Actins speak luder than wrds.
C．It’s never t late t fllw yur heart.D．It’s t late t learn smething yu like.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位五十岁的家庭主妇在朋友们通过旅行、吃大餐或做新发型等方式庆祝五十岁生日时，选择学习拉大提琴的经历和感悟。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“When my name was called, I entered the small rm, wiping the sweat frm my palms.(当叫到我的名字时，我走进小房间，擦了擦掌心的汗水)”可知，作者走进音乐教室时很紧张。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段“I had heard that learning a musical instrument bsts brainpwer, s t fight against my ageing, I went t the music stre t peruse the ptins.(我听说学习乐器可以提高智力，所以为了对抗我的衰老，我去音乐商店仔细挑选)”可知，作者五十岁时选择学习音乐是为了保持她的智力。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I started lessns tw years ag, and nw I play every day. Eagerly, I anticipate my cell practice time every evening, craving it, and lving the calm that always arrives.(我两年前开始上课，现在我每天都练习。我热切地盼望着每天晚上的大提琴练习时间，渴望它，喜欢它带来的平静)”可知，作者每天盼望着练习大提琴是因为她喜欢大提琴给她带来的感觉。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段“When my friends turned fifty, they did exciting things t celebrate, like a trip t the sunny suth, a fancy dinner r a new hairstyle. I decided t learn t play the cell (大提琴).(当我的朋友们五十岁的时候，他们会做一些令人兴奋的事情来庆祝，比如去阳光明媚的南方旅行，吃一顿丰盛的晚餐，或者做一个新发型。我决定学习大提琴)”和最后一段“Recently, I played with a grup f musicians. T my surprise, peple applauded at the end. My friends’ new hairstyles have all grwn back. Their trips are nthing but memries, but I have dents (凹痕) in my fingers and a strategy fr keeping calm fr the next thirty years until I find anther new instrument t try.(最近，我和一群音乐家一起演奏。令我惊讶的是，最后人们鼓掌了。我朋友的新发型都长回来了。他们的旅行只是回忆，但我的手指上有凹痕，还有一个在接下来的三十年里保持冷静的策略，直到我找到另一种新的乐器来尝试)”及全文内容可知，文章讲述了作者在五十岁时决定学习大提琴，尽管一开始紧张且担心自己与其他年轻学生不同，但她坚持了下来，并从中获得了极大的乐趣和满足感。由此推知，这个故事传达了一个信息：追求自己的梦想和兴趣永远不会太晚。故选C项。
07（2025·山东淄博·三模）
Anna Du was walking alng the beach at Castle Island in Suth Bstn when she nticed plastic scattered (散落) acrss the shreline. She bent dwn t pick sme up but quickly realized there were far t many tiny pieces t handle. “When I saw hw much plastic there was, it seemed impssible t clean it all up,” recalls Du, wh was in sixth grade at the time. Instead f giving up, Du tackled the prblem like any gd scientist — starting with research. That’s hw she discvered that 8 millin tns f plastic end up in the ceans every year.
Inspired by her findings, Du decided t build a remte-perated vehicle (ROV) t detect micrplastics n the cean flr. Her ROV, made frm PVC pipes, features tw main systems: a navigatin system and a detectin system. The navigatin system uses prpellers (螺旋桨) and a cmbinatin f fishing weights and fam flats (lightweight materials that keep the device flating) t mve up and dwn. The detectin system, hwever, is the real innvatin. It uses infrared cameras (红外相机) and light wavelengths t spt micrplastics, making them stand ut against sand and plants. Actually, the device desn’t cllect micrplastics, but it identifies where they accumulate. Du has even applied fr a patent n the Rv’s key cmpnents.
Faced with the challenge f lcating cean micrplastics — unlike the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, these are nt flating n the surface — she knew an ROV wuld be the mst efficient tl. Taking water samples and analyzing them in a lab culd never be dne n the scale needed. Instead, she needed a mbile lab t detect plastics in-situ.
Her ROV. impressed many experts with its clever design. “She has an impressive engineering instinct,” says Casey Mach ad, an engineer at the Wds Hle Oceangraphic Institutin. “Her ability t break dwn prblems and create slutins is remarkable.”
“I want t be an engineer because I lve building things t help slve glbal prblems,” says Du. “But I’m nt sure yet what kind f engineer I want t be.” At her age, she has plenty f time t figure that ut.
1．What mtivates Anna Du t build the ROV? (细节理解题)
A．Her interest in engineering design.B．Her discvery f plastic pllutin.
C．Her participatin in a schl prject.D．Her desire fr marine bilgy.
2．What is the highlight f Au’s inventin? (细节理解题)
A．Its use f recycled PVC materials.B．Its ability t classify plastic types.
C．Its flating cntrl system.D．Its advanced detectin system.
3．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The necessity f ROV.B．The impact f micrplastics.
C．The challenges in the inventin.D．The limitatin f the traditinal lab.
4．Which f the fllwing best describes Anna Du?
A．Cperative.B．Particular.C．Humble.D．Creative.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Anna Du发现海洋塑料污染问题后，设计并建造了一台能够探测海底微塑料的遥控潜水器。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中““When I saw hw much plastic there was, it seemed impssible t clean it all up,” recalls Du, wh was in sixth grade at the time. ('我看到那么多塑料时，感觉根本不可能全部清理干净，’当时上六年级的Du回忆道。)”和第二段中“Inspired by her findings, Du decided t build a remte-perated vehicle (ROV) t detect micrplastics n the cean flr. (受她的发现启发，Du决定制造一个远程操控潜水器（ROV）来探测海底的微塑料。)”可知，Anna Du对塑料污染的发现促使她制造远程操控潜水器。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The detectin system, hwever, is the real innvatin. It uses infrared cameras (红外相机) and light wavelengths t spt micrplastics, making them stand ut against sand and plants. (然而，检测系统才是真正的创新。它使用红外相机和光波长来探测微塑料，使这些微塑料在沙子和植物的背景下清晰可见)”可知，Du的发明亮点在于其先进的检测系统。故选D。
3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Faced with the challenge f lcating cean micrplastics — unlike the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, these are nt flating n the surface — she knew an ROV wuld be the mst efficient tl. Taking water samples and analyzing them in a lab culd never be dne n the scale needed. Instead, she needed a mbile lab t detect plastics in-situ. (面对定位海洋微塑料的挑战——与大太平洋垃圾带不同，这些微塑料并不漂浮在水面上——她知道远程操控潜水器将是最有效的工具。采集水样并在实验室进行分析，永远无法达到所需的规模。相反，她需要一个移动实验室来现场检测塑料。)”可知，本段主要讲述了远程操控潜水器对于探测海底微塑料的必要性。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Inspired by her findings, Du decided t build a remte-perated vehicle (ROV) t detect micr plastics n the cean flr. (受她的发现启发，Du决定制造一个远程操控潜水器（ROV）来探测海底的微塑料。)”和倒数第二段中“Her ability t break dwn prblems and create slutins is remarkable. (她具有令人赞叹的工程直觉，分解问题并创造解决方案的能力非同寻常。)”可知，Anna Du能够发明遥控潜水器，说明她是一个有创造力的人。故选D。
08（25-26高三上·湖南长沙·开学考试）
Beneath the quiet surface f a frest lies a busy netwrk scientists call the “Wd Wide Web”. Far frm being islated individuals, trees cmmunicate, share resurces, and even send warnings thrugh an undergrund system f fungi (真菌).
The key players in this hidden cnversatin are mycrrhizal fungi. These thread-like rganisms cnnect tree rts, frming vast netwrks. Research frm the University f British Clumbia reveals that up t 90% f land plants depend n these fungi. Thrugh this interdependent relatinship, trees exchange nutrients like carbn and nitrgen. Older “mther trees” ften act as hubs, sending extra sugars t yunger saplings struggling in shaded areas — a phenmenn called “frest family cnnectins”.
When under attack, trees release chemical signals. A 2023 study in Nature Eclgy & Evlutin demnstrates that acacia trees (金合欢树) bitten by giraffes prduce ethylene (乙烯) gas. Nearby trees pick up these chemical signals frm the air within minutes and increase tannin (鞣酸) prductin, making their leaves bitter and less tasty. Similarly, pine trees attacked by beetles send ut warning signals thrugh fungal netwrks, pushing neighbrs t bst defensive resins (树脂).
Nt all interactins are cperative. Sme plants, like the ghst rchid, hack the netwrk t steal nutrients frm nearby trees withut ffering anything in return. Other species, such as black walnut trees, release txins (毒素) t restrain cmpetitrs — a strategy called “bilgical warfare” by eclgists.
Understanding this “scial netwrk” challenges traditinal views f frests. Lgging dminant mther trees can cllapse entire ecsystems, much like remving servers frm the Internet. Scientists nw advcate fr selective cutting practices that preserve fungal netwrks, ensuring frests’ resilience (适应力) t climate change.
As authr Peter Whlleben ntes in The Hidden Life f Trees, “Frests are super-rganisms with intelligence we’re just beginning t decde.” This silent dialgue beneath ur feet reminds us that nature’s deepest cnversatins ften happen withut a single wrd.
1．What methd d acacia trees use t warn nearby trees f giraffe feeding? (细节理解题)
A．Prducing defensive resins in bark.B．Transmitting electrical signals thrugh rts.
C．Releasing a warning gas int the air.D．Increasing sugar distributin via fungal netwrks.
2．What des “bilgical warfare” refer t in paragraph 4?
A．Using chemicals t kill insects.B．Releasing pisns t cntain cmpetitrs.
C．Fighting fr sunlight thrugh height.D．Stealing nutrients via undergrund rts.
3．Why shuld mther trees be preserved accrding t scientists? (细节理解题)
A．They attract diverse wildlife species.B．They ffer yung trees nutrients.
C．They battle against climate change.D．They maintain ecsystem stability.
4．What’s the main idea f the text?
A．The defensive strategies f trees.B．The cperative interactin between trees.
C．The imprtant rle f mther trees.D．The hidden cmmunicatin amng trees.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了森林中被科学家称为“树木网络”的地下真菌网络系统。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A 2023 study in Nature Eclgy & Evlutin demnstrates that acacia trees (金合欢树) bitten by giraffes prduce ethylene (乙烯) gas. Nearby trees pick up these chemical signals frm the air within minutes and increase tannin (鞣酸) prductin, making their leaves bitter and less tasty. (2023年《自然•生态与进化》上的一项研究表明，被长颈鹿啃食的金合欢树会产生乙烯气体。附近的树木会在几分钟内从空气中接收到这些化学信号，并增加鞣酸的产生，使它们的叶子变得更苦且口感变差。)”可知，金合欢树是通过向空气中释放乙烯这种警告气体来提醒附近树木有长颈鹿在进食。故选C项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Nt all interactins are cperative. Sme plants, like the ghst rchid, hack the netwrk t steal nutrients frm nearby trees withut ffering anything in return. Other species, such as black walnut trees, release txins (毒素) t restrain cmpetitrs (并非所有的互动都是合作性的。有些植物，比如幽灵兰花，会利用网络从附近的树木中窃取养分，却不给予任何回报。其他物种，如黑胡桃树，则会释放毒素来抑制竞争对手)”可推理出，bilgical warfare指的是释放毒素来抑制竞争对手。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Lgging dminant mther trees can cllapse entire ecsystems, much like remving servers frm the Internet. (砍伐占主导地位的母树可能会使整个生态系统崩溃，这就好比从互联网中移除服务器一样。)”可知，科学家认为应该保护母树是因为它们能维持生态系统的稳定。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Beneath the quiet surface f a frest lies a busy netwrk scientists call the ‘Wd Wide Web’. Far frm being islated individuals, trees cmmunicate, share resurces, and even send warnings thrugh an undergrund system f fungi (真菌). (在安静的森林表面下，隐藏着一个繁忙的网络，科学家称之为“森林万维网”。树木不是孤立的个体，而是通过真菌的地下系统交流、共享资源，甚至发出警告。)”和最后一段中的“This silent dialgue beneath ur feet reminds us that nature’s deepest cnversatins ften happen withut a single wrd. (我们脚下的这种无声对话提醒我们，自然界最深刻的交流往往无需一言半语。)”可知，文章开篇就提到森林中存在被称为“树木网络”的地下真菌网络，树木通过它进行无声交流、共享资源。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是树木之间隐藏的交流。故选D项。
09（25-26高三上·河北衡水·开学考试）
Back in 2018, scientists at Duke University discvered that each time ur eyes mve, ur ears make a squeaking (吱吱声) nise, which is hard r unable t hear. Nw, the researchers have develped a methd f telling where a persn is lking by analyzing thse sunds. Althugh we dn’t cnsciusly hear the nises, they can be picked up by a highly sensitive micrphne placed in the ear canal.
Lead scientist Prfessr Jennifer Grh believes that they may ccur as eye mvements trigger the brain t cntract either the middle ear muscles r the hair cells — ding the frmer helps dampen lud nises, while ding the latter amplifies (放大) quiet nes. This arrangement culd help us make sense f ur surrundings, by autmatically adjusting the sensitivity f ur hearing based n what we’re lking at.
In a recent experiment, Grh’s team and Prfessr Christpher Shera frm the University f Suthern Califrnia recruited 16 adults, all with gd visin and hearing, t take a simple test. The vlunteers started by visually tracking the mvements f a green dt n a cmputer screen, withut mving their heads. As they did s, an eye-tracking camera recrded the directin f their gaze, while micrphnes in their ear canals recrded their ear sunds.
When the eye vide and ear audi recrdings were subsequently crss-referenced, it was fund that eye mvements in specific directins prduced specific types f ear nises. The scientists were thus able t tell where a participant’s gaze was fcused, simply by identifying what srt f nise “signature” their ears were making. It was als pssible t d the ppsite — the researchers culd accurately tell what srt f sunds the vlunteers’ ears were making, by tracking the directin f their gaze. It is hped that the team’s findings will cntribute t a better understanding f human perceptin (感知), pssibly leading t mre accurate and infrmative hearing tests.
“If each part f the ear cntributes individual rules fr the eardrum signal, then they culd be used as a type f clinical tl t assess which part f the anatmy in the ear is malfunctining,” said Stephanie Lvich, ne f the lead authrs f the paper and a graduate student in psychlgy& neurscience at Duke.
1．Why d the ear nises ccur accrding t Prfessr Jennifer Grh? (细节理解题)
A．Sme nises ech in the ear canal ccasinally.
B．The head mves t quickly alng with the ears.
C．A highly sensitive micrphne usually causes the nises.
D．The brain cntracts muscles r hair cells with eye mvements.
2．What ptential utcme d the researchers anticipate frm their findings? (细节理解题)
A．Creating a new type f hearing aid.
B．Enhancing the design f micrphnes.
C．Understanding human perceptin better.
D．Replacing traditinal visin tests with new technlgy.
3．What des Stephanie Lvich think f these findings?
A．Cmplex.B．Prmising.
C．Faulty.D．Primitive.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．The human perceptin is cmplex.
B．Eye mvements lead t brain respnses.
C．Scientists knw what yur eyes talk t yur ears.
D．The evlutin f hearing is discvered by scientists.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家发现眼睛移动时耳朵会产生声音，并开发出通过分析这些声音来判断人的注视方向的方法，还介绍了相关实验及研究的意义。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Lead scientist Prfessr Jennifer Grh believes that they may ccur as eye mvements trigger the brain t cntract either the middle ear muscles r the hair cells — ding the frmer helps dampen lud nises, while ding the latter amplifies quiet nes.(首席科学家Jennifer Grh教授认为，这可能是因为眼球运动触发了大脑收缩中耳肌肉或毛细胞——前者有助于抑制噪音，而后者则放大安静的声音。)”可知，Jennifer Grh教授认为耳音的出现是因为大脑会随着眼睛的运动收缩肌肉或毛细胞。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“It is hped that the team’s findings will cntribute t a better understanding f human perceptin (感知), pssibly leading t mre accurate and infrmative hearing tests.(希望该小组的研究结果将有助于更好地理解人类感知，可能带来更准确和信息丰富的听力测试。)”可知，研究人员预计他们的发现能更好地理解人类感知。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If each part f the ear cntributes individual rules fr the eardrum signal, then they culd be used as a type f clinical tl t assess which part f the anatmy in the ear is malfunctining,” said Stephanie Lvich, ne f the lead authrs f the paper and a graduate student in psychlgy& neurscience at Duke.(如果耳朵的每个部分都为耳膜信号贡献了单独的规则，那么它们就可以作为一种临床工具来评估耳朵的哪个解剖部位出现了故障，”该论文的主要作者之一、杜克大学心理学和神经科学研究生Stephanie Lvich说”。)”可知，Stephanie Lvich认为这些发现是有希望的。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Back in 2018, scientists at Duke University discvered that each time ur eyes mve, ur ears make a squeaking nise, which is hard r unable t hear. Nw, the researchers have develped a methd f telling where a persn is lking by analyzing thse sunds.(早在2018年，杜克大学的科学家就发现，每次我们的眼睛移动时，耳朵都会发出吱吱声，这种声音很难或无法听到。现在，研究人员已经开发出一种通过分析这些声音来判断一个人在看哪里的方法。)”和下文内动可知，文章主要讲述了科学家发现眼睛移动时耳朵会产生声音，并开发出通过分析这些声音来判断人的注视方向的方法，还介绍了相关实验及研究的意义，所以文章的最佳标题是C项“科学家知道你的眼睛和耳朵在说什么”，故选C项。
10（25-26高三上·河北保定·开学考试）
Are yu a fan f spending yur lunch breaks in a park? Or d yu walk yur dg in a park each mrning and evening? Well, if yu d, we have gd news fr yu: Studies have cnfirmed that spending just 20 minutes in a park every day will make yu happier and less stressed—regardless f whether r nt yu’re exercising while yu’re there.
A recent study frm University f Michigan suggests that spending at least 20 minutes wandering r sitting in a place where yu’re in cntact with nature significantly lwers stress levels. “Our study shws that fr the greatest payff, in terms f efficiently lwering levels f stress, yu shuld spend 20 t 30 minutes sitting r walking in a place that prvides yu with a sense f nature,” says lead researcher Mary Carl Hunter. “Yu dn’t have t travel t the wildlands. Getting ut f an ffice blck and sitting next t a tree can be enugh.”
Meanwhile, anther study by King’s Cllege Lndn researchers finds that being utdrs, seeing trees, hearing birdsng, lking at the sky, and feeling in cntact with nature are assciated with higher levels f mental well-being. In sme cases, these beneficial effects impact peple psitively fr up t seven hurs afterwards.
The latest research, published tday by Aarhus University, Denmark, suggests that children wh grw up with greener surrundings have up t 55% less risk f develping varius mental disrders later in life.
The results are perhaps unsurprising. Multiple studies have previusly highlighted the benefits f nature n a persn’s mental health and emphasized the need fr designing greener cities fr the future and prtecting ur existing parks. Hwever, the challenge facing cities is that planners and develpers are eager t replace green space with residential and cmmercial buildings.
1．What will Mary Carl Hunter mst prbably advise us t d t reduce stress? (细节理解题)
A．Put sme flwers in the ffice.
B．Spend 25 minutes in nature each day.
C．G t wildlands nce a week.
D．D exercise each mrning at hme.
2．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The challenge facing cities.
B．The healing effects f trees.
C．Nature’s impact n efficiency.
D．The lasting influence f green space.
3．What message des the authr seem t cnvey in the last paragraph?
A．The cnclusin f the studies is nt reliable.
B．The studies have grund-breaking significance.
C．The urban planning is ging in a wrng directin.
D．Cities will becme greener and healthier in the future.
4．Hw is the text mainly develped?
A．By listing examples.
B．By analyzing data.
C．By cnducting surveys.
D．By making cmparisns.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是自然环境对人类心理健康的积极影响，并通过多项研究结果呼吁保护和增加城市中的绿色空间。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Our study shws that fr the greatest payff, in terms f efficiently lwering levels f stress, yu shuld spend 20 t 30 minutes sitting r walking in a place that prvides yu with a sense f nature(我们的研究表明，要想获得最大的回报，就有效地降低压力水平而言，你应该花20到30分钟坐在或走在一个能让你感受到大自然的地方)”和“Yu dn’t have t travel t the wildlands. Getting ut f an ffice blck and sitting next t a tree can be enugh.(你不需要去荒野。走出办公大楼，坐在一棵树旁就足够了。)”可知，Mary Carl Hunter最有可能建议我们每天花25分钟在大自然中来减轻压力。故选B。
2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The latest research, published tday by Aarhus University, Denmark, suggests that children wh grw up with greener surrundings have up t 55% less risk f develping varius mental disrders later in life.(丹麦奥胡斯大学今天发表的最新研究表明，在更环保的环境中长大的儿童在以后的生活中患各种精神障碍的风险降低了55%。)”可知，第四段的主要内容是绿色空间的持久影响。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hwever, the challenge facing cities is that planners and develpers are eager t replace green space with residential and cmmercial buildings.(然而，城市面临的挑战是，规划者和开发商急于用住宅和商业建筑取代绿色空间。)”可知，作者在最后一段似乎传达的信息是城市规划正朝着错误的方向发展。故选C。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Studies have cnfirmed that spending just 20 minutes in a park every day will make yu happier and less stressed—regardless f whether r nt yu’re exercising while yu’re there.(研究已经证实，每天在公园里呆20分钟会让你更快乐，压力更小——不管你在那里是否锻炼。)”可知，本文是通过举一些研究的例子来展开的，故选A。
形容词副词类同义替换（一）
形容词副词类同义替换（二）
delicius=tasty
attentive=fcused
riginal=initial
final=eventual
bvius=evident=Striking
accurate=exact
authentic=true=genuine
thrilling=frightening
thrilled=excited
time-hnred=has a lng histry
dull=bring
daring=brave
extra=additinal
glad=pleased=delighted
tuched=mved
accessible=available=at hand
apprpriate=prper=suitable
appealing=attractive
cmplex=cmplicated
safe=secure
高频短语类同义替换（一）
高频短语类同义替换（二）
ahead f time=in advance=previus
places f interest=turist attractin
result in=lead t=cntribute t
be accustmed t=be used t ding
jin in=take part in=participate in
=invlve in=be engaged in
get ready fr=be prepared fr
fcus n =cncentrate n
transfrm A int B=turn A int B
in the lng term=in the lng run
hld n t=insist
take actin=take measures=take steps t
keep in tuch with=cntact
deal with=cpe with=handle with=address
at the same time=meanwhile
n the spt=n the scene
be prud f=take pride in
head int=leave fr
arrive at=reach=get t=apprach
in spite f=despite
frm ne’s perspective=frm ne’s pint f view
try ding=attempt t
be filled with=be charged with=be full f
run int=cme acrss
take the place f=replace
frm time t time=nce in a while
be caught in=be trapped in
cnsist f =be made up f
fr a mment=fr a while
a cllectin f =a series f
figure ut=find ut
bright up=light up
rll arund=turn up
lecture=deliver a speech
draw ne’s attentin=attract ne’s attentin
be desperate fr=desire fr=be thirsty fr
in favr f=favrable
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