【01-暑假复习】专题03 非谓语动词“破译密码”（学生版）-2025年新高二英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)(3)

这是一份【01-暑假复习】专题03 非谓语动词“破译密码”（学生版）-2025年新高二英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)(3)，共20页。
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升
复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破
核心考点聚焦
高考考点聚焦
考点一
非谓语动词作主语
（一）动名词作主语
基本用法：动名词作主语表示抽象的、一般性的行为或经验，谓语动词用单数形式 。
Cllecting stamps frm different cuntries has been his hbby fr years.
多年来，收集不同国家的邮票一直是他的爱好。
名师点津：动名词短语 “Cllecting stamps frm different cuntries” 作主语，谓语动词 “has been” 用单数
（二）动词不定式作主语
基本用法：动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的行为，或尚未发生的动作，谓语动词同样用单数 。
例句：T learn a freign language well takes a lt f time and effrt.（学好一门外语需要花费大量的时间和精力。
名师点津：
动词不定式短语 “T learn a freign language well” 作主语，“takes” 为单数谓语）
形式主语 it：当动词不定式作主语较长时，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语后置，构成 “It + be + adj./n. + t d sth.” 句型 。
例句：It is imprtant t prtect the envirnment fr future generatins.（为子孙后代保护环境很重要。“it” 是形式主语，“t prtect the envirnment fr future generatins” 是真正主语）
（三）动名词与动词不定式作主语的区别
动名词作主语侧重抽象、习惯；动词不定式作主语侧重具体、某次行为。
Swimming is gd exercise.（游泳是很好的锻炼，抽象概念）；
T swim in this river this afternn will be great fun.（今天下午在这条河里游泳会很有趣，具体某次行为）
口诀助记
非谓做主两兄弟，动名不定各有戏。
动名抽象常习惯，不定具体某一次。
遇到长句不用急，it 来帮忙把位替。
n use/gd/useless 后，动名词跟莫迟疑。
易错点分析
主谓不一致：单个的非谓语动词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
易错示例：✘ Playing basketball and listening t music are my favrite hbby.
（应将 “are” 改为 “is”，因为 “Playing basketball and listening t music” 看作一个整体）
动名词与不定式作主语含义混淆：在语境中错误选择动名词或不定式作主语。
易错示例：✘ Smking is nt allwed here. T smke is harmful t yur health.
（前句用动名词表示抽象概念正确，后句也应保持一致用 “Smking”，强调抽烟有害健康这个抽象概念）
形式主语使用不当：该用 it 作形式主语时未使用，导致句子结构头重脚轻。
易错示例：✘ T finish all the hmewrk befre dinner in such a shrt time seems impssible fr me.
（应改为 “It seems impssible fr me t finish all the hmewrk befre dinner in such a shrt time.”）
1．（22-23高一下·江苏扬州·期末）It is n use (try) t play erhu if yu are nt ging t give it yur best sht.
2．（22-23高一下·江苏镇江·期末）In a sciety where (be) thin is ften seen as a kind f beauty, teenagers smetimes g t extremes in rder t slim dwn quickly.
考点二
非谓语动词作宾语
动名词作宾语
She admitted making a mistake in the math exam.（她承认在数学考试中犯了一个错误）
We shuld practice speaking English every day t imprve ur ral skills.（我们应该每天练习说英语来提高口语技能）
介词后接动名词：在一些固定搭配或短语中，介词后面的动词要用动名词形式 。
He is gd at playing the guitar.（他擅长弹吉他，“at” 为介词，后接动名词 “playing”）
They are lking frward t visiting the Great Wall.（他们期待着参观长城，“t” 在这里是介词，不是动词不定式符号）
动名词除了可以作动词的宾语外，还可以作介词的宾语，下列动词词组后接动名词作宾语。
be used t, lead t, devte t, stick t, bject t, get dwn t, pay attentin t, can’t stand, give up, feel like, insist n, put ff, have difficulty/truble (in) ding sth.； spend...(in) ding sth.； There is n pint/sense (in) ding sth.; have a gd/wnderful/hard time (in); be bust (in)等动词词组也要接动名词作宾语。
（二）动词不定式作宾语
She clsed her eyes and pretended t be asleep.他闭上眼睛，假装睡着了。
名师点津：
有些动词后常接“疑问词+不定式”短语作宾语，如，discver, explain, wnder等。
I wnder hw t deal with the clurful apples.我想知道怎样处理这些五彩的苹果。
He has n chice but t leave.他除了离开别无选择。
“疑问词 + 动词不定式” 作宾语：
在某些动词（如 knw, shw, tell, ask, find ut 等）后，可以用 “疑问词（what, hw, when, where, which 等）+ 动词不定式” 结构作宾语 。
I dn't knw hw t slve this prblem.（我不知道如何解决这个问题）
Can yu tell me where t buy this bk?（你能告诉我在哪里可以买到这本书吗？）
（三）既可接动名词又可接动词不定式作宾语的动词
意义基本相同：如 begin, start, cntinue 等，接动名词和动词不定式作宾语时，意义差别不大 。
It began t rain/raining when we were n ur way hme.（我们回家的路上开始下雨了）
意义不同：
非谓作宾口诀
非谓作宾有规律，两种形式要牢记。
动名专属要背熟，介词之后动名续。
只能不定也不少，“疑问词 + 不定” 可入句。
有些动词两均可，意义相同或相异。
记忘后悔停与试，不同搭配细分析。
1.（23-24高一上·广东东莞·期末）My aunt attempted (prmte) her bk by sharing it with friends and family.
2.（23-24高一上·广东深圳·期末）The puring rain that night made it hard fr witnesses (identify) the murderer.
（24-25高一上·江苏南通·期末）After (bite) by the snake in the bush, Susan was sent t the hspital by her friends immediately.
4.．（22-23高一上·吉林延边·期末）UNESO runs a prgramme that prevents wrld cultural heritage sites arund the wrld frm (disappear).
考点三三
非谓语动词作状语
分词作状语
（二）动词不定式作状语
（二）独立主格结构
独立主格结构指带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。它在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系。其作用相当于状语从句。有时也用with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语。
非谓作状口诀
非谓作状有五类，时因条果与伴随。
主动现分被动过，逻辑主语要认准。
主不一致莫着急，独立主格来救急。
易错点分析
逻辑主语错误：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，否则句子错误。
易错示例：✘ Lking ut f the windw, the garden was beautiful.
（“lking” 的逻辑主语应该是人，而不是 “the garden”，应改为 Lking ut f the windw, I saw a beautiful garden.）
现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确判断动作与逻辑主语之间的主动或被动关系，导致分词形式误用。
易错示例：✘ Given mre time, and we can finish the wrk.
（应去掉 “and”，“Given mre time” 是过去分词短语作条件状语，与句子主语 “we” 构成被动关系；加上 “and” 后就变成了并列句，语法错误）
独立主格结构使用不当：需要使用独立主格结构时，却未使用，造成句子逻辑混乱。
易错示例：✘ After finishing my hmewrk, my mther allwed me t watch TV.
（“finishing” 的逻辑主语应该是 “我”，而不是 “my mther”，应改为 After I finished my hmewrk, my mther allwed me t watch TV. 或者使用独立主格结构 My hmewrk finished, my mther allwed me t watch TV.）
（23-24高一下·江苏盐城·期末）The tunes are easy (sing), and the lyrics ften leave yu deep in thught.
（23-24高一下·河南信阳·阶段练习）The railway integrates (融合) the entire prcess’ design, cnstructin and peratin, (result) in an all-rund “3D digital Fuzhu-Xiamen high-speed railway”.
（23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期末） (give) ne mre time, Mr Keating is willing t inspire students’ talents and ptentials.
（23-24高一下·重庆·期末） (absrb) in painting, the children didn’t ntice evening appraching.
（23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期末） I studied all night, nly (discver) in the mrning that I had frgtten that the exam was delayed. (
考点四
非谓语动词作补语
（一）现在分词作补语
基本用法：现在分词（V - ing 形式）作补语时，强调动作正在进行或主动关系。
（二）过去分词作补语
基本用法：过去分词作补语表示被动或完成的意义，常用于感官动词、使役动词（如 have, get, make 等）以及 “with + 宾语 + 过去分词” 结构中 。
（三）动词不定式作补语
非谓语作补语口诀
非谓作补三兄弟，现分过分不定式。
现分主动正进行，感官使役常见形。
过分被动已完成，多种结构都可行。
不定补语分两种，t 带 t 无要看清。
使役感官主动省，被动出现 t 还原。
易错点分析
现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确判断宾语与非谓语动词之间的主动或被动关系，导致误用。
易错示例：✘ I heard my name calling.（“name” 和 “call” 是被动关系，应改为 I heard my name called.）
不定式 t 的误用：在该省略 t 或该带 t 的情况下用错。
易错示例：✘ The teacher let him t answer the questin.（“let” 后接不带 t 的不定式，应改为 The teacher let him answer the questin.）
易错示例：✘ He was seen g int the rm.（被动语态中感官动词后的 t 要还原，应改为 He was seen t g int the rm.）
补语逻辑关系错误：非谓语动词作补语时，没有保证其与宾语在逻辑上合理搭配。
易错示例：✘ I fund him t be reading a bk.
（“find sb. ding sth.” 是固定用法，应改为 I fund him reading a bk.）
1.（23-24高一下·江苏·期末）Michael nticed the little by spinning the basketball arund t keep himself (entertain).
2. （23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期末）Finally, drug users find themselves (trap) in a prisn frm which they can’t escape.
（23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期末）The dragn is abut 70 meters lng and weighs mre than 200 punds, with its bdy (wrap) with pearl grass.
（22-23高一下·重庆·期末）This experiment enabled scientists (prve) that despite their prly develped small eyes, bats still can see during the day.
考点五
非谓语动词作定语
（一）现在分词作定语
基本用法：现在分词（V - ing 形式）作定语表示主动或正在进行的动作，单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语作定语则置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句 。
单个现在分词：The running by is my brther.
（正在奔跑的男孩是我的弟弟，“running” 表示主动且正在进行的动作）
现在分词短语：The girl standing under the tree is my classmate.
（=The girl wh is standing under the tree is my classmate. 站在树下的女孩是我的同学）
特殊情况：有些现在分词作定语不表示正在进行，而是表示事物的性质或特点，如 “an exciting stry（一个令人兴奋的故事）”“a tiring jurney（一次累人的旅程）” 。
（二）过去分词作定语
基本用法：过去分词作定语表示被动或完成的动作，单个过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰词前，过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰词后，同样可转换为定语从句 。
单个过去分词：The brken windw needs t be repaired.（破碎的窗户需要修理，“brken” 表示被动和完成）
过去分词短语：The bk written by Lu Xun is very ppular.（=The bk which was written by Lu Xun is very ppular. 鲁迅写的这本书很受欢迎）
形容词化的过去分词：像 “interested（感兴趣的）”“surprised（惊讶的）”“frightened（害怕的）” 等，在句中作定语时主要起描述性质的作用 ，如 “an interested lk（一个感兴趣的表情）”。
（三）动词不定式作定语
基本用法：动词不定式作定语通常表示将来的动作，且与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系、主谓关系或同位关系 。
动宾关系：I have a lt f hmewrk t d.（“d” 和 “hmewrk” 是动宾关系，我有很多作业要做）
主谓关系：She is always the first t cme and the last t leave.（“cme” 和 “leave” 与 “she” 是主谓关系，她总是第一个来，最后一个走）
同位关系：He made a plan t study abrad.（“t study abrad” 是 “plan” 的同位语，他制定了一个出国留学的计划）
非谓语作定语口诀
非谓定语有三种，现分过分不定式。
现分主动正进行，有时也把性质呈。
过分被动已完成，部分形化要记清。
不定将来动宾连，特殊情况心中明。
使役感官主动省，被动出现 t 还原。
特殊结构：当被修饰词是序数词、最高级或被 the nly, the very 等修饰时，常用动词不定式作定语 ，如 “He is the best man t d the jb.（他是做这项工作的最佳人选）”。
易错点分析
现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确判断动作与被修饰词之间的主动或被动关系，导致分词形式误用。
易错示例：✘ The by written a letter is my cusin.
（“by” 和 “write” 是主动关系，应改为 The by writing a letter is my cusin.）
动词不定式逻辑关系判断错误：在分析动词不定式作定语时，未能准确判断其与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系，导致理解错误。
易错示例：✘ I need a pen t write.
（“write” 和 “pen” 是动宾关系，应改为 I need a pen t write with. 这里 “with” 不能省略）
定语位置错误：不清楚单个分词和分词短语作定语的位置规则，将位置放错。
易错示例：✘ The girl is my sister standing under the tree.
（应改为 The girl standing under the tree is my sister. 现在分词短语作定语要后置）
1.（23-24高一下·山东淄博·期末）China’s Natinal Highway 318, (stretch) ver 5,000 kilmetres, runs frm Shanghai t Zhangmu, Xizang.
2.（22-23高一下·广东惠州·期末）Their wrk made it pssible t duble the number f visitrs (permit) inside.
3.（23-24高一下·福建三明·期中）Is there n ne in this village wh feels any respnsibility (keep) their neighbrs frm harm?
4．（24-25高一上·广东揭阳·期末）When I was in Xi’an, I went t visit an ancient temple (date) back t the Han Dynasty.
考点六
非谓语动词作表语
（一）现在分词作表语
基本用法：现在分词（V - ing 形式）作表语，用于说明主语的性质、特征或具有的特点，通常具有 “令人……” 的含义，主语多为事物 。
The mvie we watched last night was really exciting.（我们昨晚看的电影非常令人兴奋，“exciting” 描述电影让人产生兴奋的感觉）
The stry he tld is very interesting.
（他讲的故事很有趣，“interesting” 体现故事本身具备有趣的特质）
常见词汇：常见的作表语的现在分词有 amusing（有趣的）、bring（无聊的）、charming（迷人的）、disappinting（令人失望的）、frightening（可怕的）等 。
（二）过去分词作表语
基本用法：过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的状态或感受，常具有 “感到……” 的意思，主语多为人 。
After a lng day's wrk, I felt exhausted.（经过一天的长时间工作，我感到筋疲力尽，“exhausted” 描述 “我” 的感受和状态）
She was surprised at the unexpected news.（她对这个意外的消息感到惊讶，“surprised” 体现主语的情绪状态）
名师点津：
部分过去分词作表语时，已转化为形容词，可用于修饰名词 ，如 “an interested lk（一个感兴趣的表情）”“a wrried expressin（一个担忧的表情）” 。
（三）动词不定式作表语
基本用法：动词不定式作表语，一般表示主语的具体内容、目的或将来的动作 。
例句：My dream is t becme a famus dctr in the future.（我的梦想是将来成为一名著名的医生，“t becme a famus dctr” 是 “dream” 的具体内容）
The purpse f this meeting is t discuss the plan fr next semester.（这次会议的目的是讨论下学期的计划，“t discuss the plan fr next semester” 说明会议的目的）
名师点津：
当主语是 “ne's wish, plan, duty, jb, idea, gal” 等表示计划、想法、职责类的名词时，常用动词不定式作表语 。
非谓语作表语口诀
非谓作表有三种，现分过分不定式。
现分表性 “令人感”，事物为主常相伴。
过分表状 “人感受”，描述情绪心体验。
不定表内或目的，未来动作也常见。
使役感官主动省，被动出现 t 还原。
易错点分析
现在分词与过去分词混淆：没有正确区分现在分词和过去分词作表语时的不同含义，导致误用。
易错示例：✘ I am very exciting abut the trip.
（“exciting” 用于描述事物，此处应表示 “我” 的感受，改为 I am very excited abut the trip.）
动词不定式逻辑关系混乱：在使用动词不定式作表语时，未能准确把握其与主语之间的逻辑联系，导致句子表意不清。
易错示例：✘ His plan is study hard next term.
（应改为 His plan is t study hard next term. “t study hard” 是 “plan” 的具体内容，不能缺少 “t” ）
忽略主表搭配合理性：选择非谓语动词作表语时，没有考虑主语和表语在语义和逻辑上是否匹配。
易错示例：✘ The nise is t feel annyed.
（逻辑不通，可改为 The nise is annying. 用现在分词 “annying” 描述噪音令人烦躁的性质 ）
1.（23-24高一上·福建莆田·期末）Her next gal is (start) a charity website t raise mney fr children in pr cuntries.
2.（23-24高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Still, practical prblems remain (slve), such as ensuring the trips are safe as many taxis will be flwn withut pilts.
1．The (license) prcess invlves legal cntracts between parties.
Schls play a rle in (scialize) children.
3．Withut an umbrella, she fund herself (catch) in the rain.
4．With the stry (fld), readers are definitely satisfied with the happy ending.
5．We need t establish a cmmittee f experts t preserve the cultural heritage and prevent it frm (harm).
6．It is an annual custm in the twn (decrate) the streets with clrful lights.
7．The cmmittee (establish) last year hlds a meeting every mnth.
8．My teacher recmmended (read) the bk befre seeing the mvie.
9．It was impssible fr the little by (carry) such a heavy bx.
10．Wmen deserve t be treated with dignity and they shuld make their vices (hear) in the wrld.
11．The first medieval universities are generally- cnsidered (establish) in Italy, France and England in the late 11th and 12th centuries.
12．Peple using mbile phnes utdrs during strms are mre likely t suffer internal injuries if (strike) by lightning.
13．The spirit f Jimmy fighting with the rbber is wrthy (praise).
14．There is n dubt that (expse) t t much radiatin pses a threat t health.
15．Mary is sitting n a park bench, (bury) in her bk.
16．I read the letter she handed me with my head (lwer), s that she wuldn’t see the tears rlling dwn my cheeks.
17．Spielberg is such a famus directr that we’re all lking frward t (see) his new films.
18．Thugh the jb was very difficult, he still managed (finish) it.
19．Teenagers (bring) up in the cuntryside seem t be mre independent than thse living in cities.
20．He is said (quit) his jb as an ffice by in Athens befre he went t Brazil.
21．Weather (permit), we will play tennis this Saturday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22． (ffer) an imprtant rle in a new mvie, Andy gt a chance t becme famus.
23．Deeply (affect) by the film, they culdn’t hld back their tears.
24．Wd gives ff much smke while (burn).
【答案】burning
25．It ccurred t me (attend) an imprtant meeting when I was abut t g hme.
26．She std there with her arms (fld ), lking very angry.
27．Greenhuse gases are said (be) the main cause f glbal warming.
28．The directr, (impress) by his perfrmance, decided t have a talk with him.
29．Tm fund an ATM and put his bank card in, nly (tell) that the card was ut f service.
30．Facing imprt and exprt csts, the cmpany is lking fr ways (survive).
31． (hear) that his wife had been injured in an accident, Mr. Jhnsn hurried t the hspital.
32．I saw her whispering smething int his ear, bviusly nt (want) t be heard.
Listen! I’m sure yu can hear the birds (sing) in the garden right nw.
34．At present, these animals are well prtected frm (hunt).
35． (lcate) in the suth f China, Guangdng Prvince has a lng histry.
。
36．Lufu Muntain appears like a fairyland, (make) a beautiful scene.
37．During the peratin, she sat in the (wait) rm fr ver an hur wrrying abut him.
38．The athlete is said (cmmit) a great deal f time and effrt t training, which has resulted in her excellent perfrmance in the cmpetitin.
39．In “The Millin Pund Bank Nte”, the main character was given a millin-pund bank nte unexpectedly, (result) in his significant life changes.
40． (bserve)the mnkeys’ behavirs, the scientists fllwed them int the frest at the same time.
真题感知
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】These sepals pen n warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2.【2024全国甲卷】Althugh parks f all sizes and types exist at any level, the natinal parks, in particular, tend ____41____（catch）ur attentin because f their large size and variety.
3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Tw years later, a six-meter-tall pavilin, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peny Pavilin, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk frm Shakespeare’s birthplace.
4.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Thse cultural elements have increased Stratfrd’s internatinal ___42___ (visible), said Edmndsn, adding that visitrs walking thrugh the Birthplace Garden were ften amazed ___43___ (find)the cnnectin between the tw great writers.
5.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】__44___ (recall)watching a Chinese pera versin f Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actrs wh came t Stratfrd a few years ag t perfrm parts f The Peny Pavilin, Edmndsn said, “It was very exciting t hear the Chinese language ____45and____ see hw Tang’s play was being perfrmed.”
6.【2024北京卷】 Slwing dwn can cntribute significantly t persnal grwth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allws us t develp a deeper sense f ___12___ (self-aware).
7.【2024北京卷】 When we slw dwn, we create space t reflect n ur thughts and emtins, which helps us identify imprtant areas f ur lives and ___13___ (give) us the pprtunity t make right chices.
8.【2024北京卷】 Just then, sme kids ran at him, ___19___ (knck) his bks ut f his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.
9.【2024浙江1月卷】The shelves in mst supermarkets are full f family-size this and multi-buy that. Hwever, if yu’re shpping fr ne, buying extra ____36____ (benefit) frm price reductins desn’t make sense.
10.【2024浙江1月卷】If yur supermarket sells lse prduce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken r salad in packs ____43____ (design) with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份).
11.【2023年全国乙卷】Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the mdern. Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng ____41____ ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut, with the city keeping its carefully ____42____ (build) system f ring ____46____ (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing. a phtgrapher, I have spent the last tw years ___48___ (recrd) everything I discvered.
12.【2023年全国乙卷】 She went right int the shwer t washing it, but it was n use.
13.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】They talk t the fld f internatinal turists and t ___40___ (visit) Chinese zkeepers wh ften cme t check n the pandas, which are n lan frm China.
14.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】
T eat ne, yu have t decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hle in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____38____ t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue.
15.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Shanghai may be the ____39____ (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng ha’s birthplace.
16.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them ____41____ (lift) ut f the steamer basket withut allwing them tearing r spilling any f ____42____ (they) cntents.
17.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is ____44____ (rare) enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left _____45_____ (want) mre next time.
18.【2023年全国甲卷】Fr thusands f years, peple have tld fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lessn r t pass n wisdm
19.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was nce a twn in the heart f America, ___44___ all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with its surrundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
20.【2023年全国甲卷】Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message ___46___ (intend) fr everyne.
21.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was nce a twn in the heart f America, ___44___ all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with its surrundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
22【2023年浙江1月卷】In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Frbidden City, 58 (surrund)in cncentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
23.【2023年北京卷】When ____14____(see) frm afar, the mangrve frests appear mre splendid.
24.【2023年北京卷】She called fr actin ____19____(address)the struggles f peple arund the wrld ____20____(face) “t little water r t dirty water”. Her effrts have encuraged thers t take part by running thrugh a glbal campaign called“Run Blue”.
提升专练
1． (face) with dangers, we must keep calm.
2． (cmpare) the tw prpsals, we fund the latter is mre practical.
3． (equip) with advanced knwledge, we can struggle against nature.
4． (vercme) by great interest, the by lked ut f the windw.
(devte) t his family life, he has always been a gd husband and father.
6．I must ask yu t (cmpany) me t the plice statin.
7．Rms (vary) in size are equipped with hair-driers, televisin and telephne.
8．She gave me a bk with instructins (help) me learn the language.
9．Over time, this culd make the shark a danger t peple (live) in the area.
10．While the dctr cncentrates n (examine) Lara’s ankle, I get her attentin by ding a magic trick.
11． (judge) frm the evidence presented, it appears that the accused is nt guilty.
12．The (frighten) by left the rm withut saying a wrd.
13．They had n alternative but (put) the meeting ff.
14．All things (cnsider), the planned trip will have t be put ff.
15．Japanese gvernment describes the water t be released “treated” and nt “radiactive”.
16．Astrnaut farmers must ensure that the plants grwing in such artificial cnditins are safe t cnsume have n side effects and are pleasant (eat).
17．Prducts and activities (feature) traditinal elements cmbined with mdern designs which are called the “new Chinese style”, are becming increasingly ppular.
18．Cultural expectatins may als be (blame)—girls may be mre likely t catch maths anxiety, perhaps because f steretypes (刻板印象)that giris are naturally nt very gd at maths. 19． (judge) frm my experience, a prper balance is nt easy t achieve.
20．It is knwn fr its lng histry (date) back 100 years. (
21．Lcally (knw) as “msquit writing” , Nushu lks like dancing Chinese characters at first glance.
22．They were fully entitled t ask him tugh questins, (give) that he was a rule maker. 23．With the Cllege Entrance Examinatin (apprach), I strngly recmmend that we shuld value time and study hard t be admitted int key universities.
24．The library is nw a multimedia zne, (lad) with infrmatin in many frmats.
25． (inspire) by my headteacher, I am determined t stick t my dream until I achieve it.
26．With numerus places f interest, Beijing is a city (leave) a lasting impressin n its visitrs.
27．The terrible earthquake struck Chile in 1960, (claim) 1,000 plus lives.
28．The mvie (sht) by a famus directr last year has gained incredible ppularity.
29．This sldier became the nly ne (escape) frm the enemy.
30．The huse (hide) frm sight behind sme trees, was ur destinatin.
31．The schl rganized a field trip, with all the expenses (spnsr) by a cmpany. 32．He had his leg (break) while restring the rf, which made everyne wrried abut him.
33．She walked thrugh the garden, (sht) a vide f the beautiful blms.
34．The castle is lcated clse t the sea, (surrund) by trpical muntain frests. 35．Mr. Green is believed (d) an experiment t prve the new methd f slving the prblem when yung.
36．Sme f the schls in Shanghai have mved ne step clser t (cnnect) with the glbal educatin cmmunity.
37．The dg, prperly (train), will be made a gd watchdg.
38．When he wke up, he fund himself (seat) n a chair, with his hands tied back.
Hw culd he get the plan (carry) ut withut any ne t supprt him?
40．Weather (permit), the Whites will have a picnic by the seaside this weekend.
动名词作主语固定句型
It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。It is n use/gd ding….
It is a waste f time ding….
It’s n use cmplaining withut taking actin.不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。
2.用于There is n ding…固定句型。
There is n denying that the Internet has brught great cnvenience t ur lives.（不可否认的是，互联网给我们的生活带来了巨大的便利。）
There is n denying that hard wrk is the key t success.（不可否认，努力是成功的关键。）
思路点拨：
【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：如果你不打算发挥出最好的水平，那么演奏二胡是没有用的。it is n use ding sth. (做某事是没有用的)，动名词作主语。it做形式主语。故填trying。
【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：在一个通常被视为美丽的社会里，青少年有时会采取极端措施迅速减肥。分析句子结构，where引导定语从句，此处作从句主语应用动名词短语作主语，being thin变瘦，符合题意。故填being。
答案1. trying 2. being
常常跟动名词做宾语的动词
cnsider, suggest/advise, lk frward t, excuse/pardn ; 考虑建议盼原谅；
admit, delay/put ff, fancy; 承认推迟没得想；
avid,miss, keep/keep n, practise; 避免错过继续练；
deny, finish, enjy/appreciate; 否认完成就欣赏；
frbid, imagine, risk; 禁止想象才冒险；
can’t help, mind, allw/permit, escape; 不禁介意准逃亡；
常常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词
希望学会想决心
hpe/wish/expect, learn, want, decide/determine
设法拒绝愿假装
manage, refuse, care, pretend
主动承诺选计划
ffer, prmise, chse, plan
请求同意来帮忙
ask/beg, agree , help
be used t d被用来做
be used t ding习惯于；适应于；
frget t d sth 忘记去做某事；
frget ding sth 忘记已经做过某事；
remember t d sth记住去做某事；
remember ding sth记得曾经做过某事；
regret t d sth遗憾去做某事；
regret ding sth后悔做过某事；
stp t d sth停下来去做另一件事；
stp ding sth停止做一件事；
try t d sth努力/试图做某事；
try ding sth尝试着做某事；
mean t d sth已与/企图做某事；
mean ding sth意味着做某事；
g n t d sth（做完某事）接着做另一件事；g n ding sth继续做同一件事；
can’t help t d sth不能帮助做某事；
can’t help ding sth情不自禁地做某事；
思路点拨：例题主要考查非谓语动词作宾语。
考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：我姑姑试图通过与朋友和家人分享来宣传她的书。 固定搭配：attempt t d sth.试图做某事，不定式作宾语。根据句意，故填t prmte。
考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：那天晚上的倾盆大雨使目击者很难辨认出凶手。根据“made it hard fr witnesses”可推知，此处用固定结构“make it+形容词+fr sb. t d sth.”，意为“使某人做某事……”，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，空处应用identify的不定式形式。故填t identify。
考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：苏珊被灌木丛中的蛇咬伤后，立即被朋友送到医院。分析句子可知，“After”为介词，空格处应用动名词作宾语，“Susan”和“bite”为被动关系，故应用动名词的被动语态“being dne”，“bite”的过去分词为“bitten”，故空格处应用“being bitten”。故填being bitten。
4. 考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：联合国教科文组织开展了一个项目，防止世界各地的世界文化遗产消失。短语prevent sb./sth. frm ding意为“防止某人/某物做某事”，空处应用disappear“消失”的动名词形式，作frm的宾语。故填disappearing。
答案1. t prmte 2. t identify 3. being bitten 4. disappearing
分词作状语主动用现在分词（Ving 形式），强调被动用过去分词
时间状语
分词结构相当于时间状语从句
（现在分词）：Hearing the gd news, she jumped with jy.
（=When she heard the gd news, she jumped with jy. 听到这个好消息，她高兴得跳了起来）
（过去分词）：Seen frm the space, the earth lks like a blue ball.（=When the earth is seen frm the space, it lks like a blue ball. 从太空看，地球像一个蓝色的球体）
原因状语
说明主句动作发生的原因
（现在分词）：Being ill, he didn't g t schl.
（=Because he was ill, he didn't g t schl. 因为生病了，他没去上学）
（过去分词）：Surprised at the result, they didn't knw what t say.
（=As they were surprised at the result, they didn't knw what t say. 他们对这个结果感到惊讶，不知道说什么好）
条件状语
表示假设条件，类似条件状语从句。
（现在分词）：Wrking hard, yu will succeed.
（=If yu wrk hard, yu will succeed. 努力工作，你就会成功）
（过去分词）：Given mre time, we culd have finished the wrk.
（=If we had been given mre time, we culd have finished the wrk. 如果给我们更多时间，我们本可以完成这项工作）
结果状语
分词结构表示意料之中的结果。
（现在分词）：The heavy rain lasted a week, causing great damage t the crps.（大雨持续了一周，给庄稼造成了巨大损失）
伴随状语
分词结构伴随主句动作同时发生。
（现在分词）：He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper.（他坐在椅子上，看报纸）
（过去分词）：The teacher std there, surrunded by the students.（老师站在那里，被学生们围着）
动词不定式作状语
作目的状语
不定式作目的状语可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。但用在句中表目的时前面不能用逗号，强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in rder t/s as t＋动词原形，但s as t不用于句首。
T make friend s easily, yu need t be very kind.
要想很容易地交朋友，你需要友善。
作结果状语
a．不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上nly。
I rushed t the statin, nly t find the train had already gne.
我匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
b．不定式作结果状语还常用于s ... as t ..., such ... as t ..., enugh t ..., t ... t ...等结构中。
She was s late as t miss half f the lecture.
她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。
She is such a gd teacher as t be respected by all her students.
她是个如此好的老师，以至于受到她所有学生的尊敬。
The huse is large enugh t hld tw hundred peple.
这座房子足够大，可以容纳两百人。
作原因状语
不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有：happy, kind, surprised, frightened, shcked, glad, delighted, disappinted等。
They were surprised t be infrmed f the news.
被告知这一消息他们感到吃惊。
She was very happy t hear that her sn had been prmted.
得知儿子升职了，她很高兴。
This bk is difficult t understand.
这本书很难懂。
The picture is pleasant t lk at.
这张画很好看。
作独立成分
下列结构常用作独立成分：
t tell the truth说实话； t be hnest诚实地说； t put it briefly前言之；
t be frank坦白地说； t begin/start with首先； t make things/matters wrse更糟糕的是；
t put it in a nutshell简而言之
独立主格结构的构成
名词/代词+形容词
I heard that she gt injured in the accident , my heart full f wrry. 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤，内心充满担忧。
He std silent in the mn-light, his dr pen .月光下，门开着，他默默地站在那。
名词/代词+现在分词
Winter cming ，it gets clder and clder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
The rain having stpped ,he went ut fr a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。
名词/代词+过去分词
Mre time given ,we shuld have dne it much better. 如果给我们更多时间，我们会做的更好。
The by std there , his right hand raised. 那个男生站在那里，右手高举。
名词/代词（主格）+不定式
Here are the first tw vlumes , the third ne t cme ut next mnth.
这是前俩卷，第三卷将于下雨问世。
The tw by said gd-bye t each ther ,ne t g hme ,the ther t g t his friend\s
俩个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。
名词/代词+介词短语
The huntsman entered the frest ,gun in hand. 那个猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
注意：这里 gun in hand 还可以说成 with a gun in hand。 但不可以说 a gun in hand 或 gun in his hand。
名词/代词+副词
Nbdy in ,the thief tk a lt f things away. 由于没有人，小偷拿走了许多东西。
Lunch ver ,he left the huse .But he was thinking.午饭结束，他离开了路。但他还在考虑。
名词/代词+名词
He fught the wlf ,a stick his nly weapn. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的为武器是一根棍棒。
with 复合结构
构成：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”。宾语由代词、名词、名词词组充当，宾语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。
Hlms and Watsn sat with the light n fr half an hur.
福尔摩斯和沃森坐着，让灯亮了半个小时。（介词短语）
He used t sleep with the dr pen . 他过去常开着门睡觉 （形容词）
With a by leading the way ,they started twards the village.
由一个小男孩领着路，他们朝那个村子去了。（现在分词）
With the wrk dne ,he went hme. 工作做完后，他回了家。（过去分词）
With yu t help us, we will finish the task in time
有你来帮忙，我们将会及时完成任务。（不定式）
☞Hng Kng lks mre beautiful with thu-sands f lights n night .
夜里，香港万盏灯火，分外美丽。（副词）
名师点津：
从以上例句可以看出：在with 复合结构中，宾语和宾补之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。当这种主谓关系表现为主动语态是，用现代分词：当这种主谓关系表现为被动语态是，用过去分词：当这种主谓关系表示将来意义是，用不定时：当这种主谓关系辨识伴随意义时，用现在分词或副词。
思路点拨：例题主要考查非谓语动词作状语。
1.考查不定式。句意：曲调很容易唱，歌词往往会让你陷入深思。sth. be easy t d是固定短语，意为“做某事很容易”，因此空格处用不定式t sing，是不定式的主动表被动，故填t sing。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该铁路集设计、施工、运营全流程于一体，是一条全方位的“3D数字化福厦高铁”。本句已有谓语动词integrates，设空处应作非谓语， result和其逻辑主语（The railway integrates (融合) the entire prcess’ design, cnstructin and peratin）之间是主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填 resulting。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：再给一次机会，基汀老师愿意激发学生的才能和潜力。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语动词，give“给予”和Mr Keating逻辑上是被动关系，应用give的过去分词形式，作条件状语，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Given。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们全神贯注地画画，没有注意到夜晚即将来临。设空处用作句子的状语，动词absrb和主语the children之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词形式，表示的意思是“全神贯注于”。位于句首首字母大写。故填Absrbed。
5. 考查动词不定式。句意：我学习了一整夜，结果早上才发现我忘了考试推迟了。根据“I studied all night”和“in the mrning that I had frgtten that the exam was delayed”可知，此处应用nly t d表示意料之外的结果。动词discver意为“发现”。故填t discver。
答案1. t sing 2.resulting 3. Given 4. Absrbed 5. t discver
现在分词作补语
感官动词
常用于感官动词（see, watch, bserve, ntice, hear, smell, feel 等）后 。
I saw her dancing in the rm.（我看见她正在房间里跳舞，“dancing” 表示 “她” 正在进行的动作，且 “她” 与 “跳舞” 是主动关系）
使役动词
常用于使役动词（have, keep, leave 等）后 。
Dn't leave the water running while yu brush yur teeth.（刷牙时不要让水一直流着，“running” 体现水持续流动的状态，“水” 与 “流” 是主动关系）
固定搭配
catch sb. ding sth.（撞见某人正在做某事）”“find sb. ding sth.（发现某人正在做某事）” 。
The teacher caught the by cheating in the exam.（老师发现那个男孩考试作弊）
过去分词作补语
感官动词
常用于感官动词（see, watch, bserve, ntice, hear, smell, feel 等）后 。
When I entered the rm, I fund the windw brken.（我进入房间时，发现窗户破了，“brken” 表明窗户是被打破的，存在被动关系）
使役动词
常用于使役动词（have, keep, leave 等）后 。
I want t have my hair cut tmrrw.（我明天想剪头发，“hair” 与 “cut” 是被动关系）
with + 宾语 + 过去分词
With the wrk dne, we went hme happily.（工作完成了，我们开心地回家了，“wrk” 和 “dne” 是被动完成关系）
动词不定式作补语
带 t 的不定式作补语
在一些动词（如 ask, tell, want, allw, encurage, advise 等）后，用带 t 的不定式作宾语补足语，表示让某人去做某事 。
例句：My parents ften encurage me t study hard.（我父母经常鼓励我努力学习，“me” 是宾语，“t study hard” 是宾语补足语）
不带 t 的不定式作补语
在使役动词（let, make, have）和感官动词（see, watch, hear, ntice, feel 等）后，不定式作宾补时要省略 t ，但在被动语态中，t 要还原 。
（主动语态）：The bss made the wrkers wrk 12 hurs a day.
（老板让工人们每天工作 12 小时，省略 t）
（被动语态）：The wrkers were made t wrk 12 hurs a day by the bss.
（工人们被老板要求每天工作 12 小时，t 还原）
思路点拨：例题主要考查非谓语动词作补语。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意：迈克尔注意到这个小男孩为了自娱自乐而旋转着篮球。此处为“keep+宾语+宾补”结构，逻辑主语himself与entertain构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补，故填entertained。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，吸毒者发现自己被困在牢笼中，无法逃脱。本句谓语为find，此处为非谓语动词，且themselves与trap“卡住，使陷入困境”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作宾语themselves的补足语。故填trapped。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：这条龙大约 70 米长，200 多磅重，它的身体被珍珠草包裹着。此处使用了“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构，its bdy和wrap之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作宾语补足语，故填wrapped。。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这项实验使科学家们能够证明，尽管蝙蝠的小眼睛发育不良，但它们在白天仍然可以看到东西。enable sb t d sth是固定句型，动词不定式作宾补。故填t prve。
5.
答案1. entertained 2. trapped 3. wrapped 4. t prve
思路点拨：例题主要考查可数名词复数形式的变化规则以及不可数名词的形式。
1.考查非谓语动词，句意：中国318国道绵延5000多公里，从上海到西藏樟木。分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语是runs，空处应用非谓语动词。动词stretch与其逻辑主语China’s Natinal Highway 318之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填stretching。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的工作使允许参观的人数增加了一倍。此处permit与visitrs构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填permitted。
3.考查非谓语。句意：这个村子里没有人觉得有责任保护邻居免受伤害吗？名词respnsibility后面应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填t keep。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意：当我在西安的时候，我去参观了一座可以追溯到汉代的古庙。“(date) back t the Han Dynasty”作后置定语，动词短语date back t(追溯到)没有被动语态和进行时态，在句中通常用现在分词作后置定语。故填dating。
答案1. stretching 2. permitted 3. t keep 4.dating
思路点拨：例题主要考查非谓语动词作表语。
1.考查非谓语。句意：她的下一个目标是创办一个慈善网站，为贫困国家的儿童筹集资金。由next gal 以及句意可知，此空应填不定式作表语。故填t start。
2.考查不定式和被动语态。句意：尽管如此，实际问题仍有待解决，比如确保出行安全，因为许多出租车将在没有飞行员的情况下飞行。remain是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，由“such as ensuring the trips are safe as many taxis will be flwn withut pilts”可知，句子表示“实际问题仍有待解决”，空格处用不定式表将来，且问题是被解决，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态t be slved。故填t be slved。
答案1. t start 2. t be slved 3. B