搜索
      上传资料 赚现金
      点击图片退出全屏预览

      【01-暑假复习】专题01 动词时空密码速通 (时态、语态与主谓一致考点全解析) (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)

      • 4.02 MB
      • 2025-10-28 12:51:42
      • 99
      • 0
      • 实事求是运
      加入资料篮
      立即下载
      【01-暑假复习】专题01 动词时空密码速通 (时态、语态与主谓一致考点全解析) (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)第1页
      点击全屏预览
      1/21
      【01-暑假复习】专题01 动词时空密码速通 (时态、语态与主谓一致考点全解析) (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)第2页
      点击全屏预览
      2/21
      【01-暑假复习】专题01 动词时空密码速通 (时态、语态与主谓一致考点全解析) (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)第3页
      点击全屏预览
      3/21
      还剩18页未读, 继续阅读

      【01-暑假复习】专题01 动词时空密码速通 (时态、语态与主谓一致考点全解析) (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)

      展开

      这是一份【01-暑假复习】专题01 动词时空密码速通 (时态、语态与主谓一致考点全解析) (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版),共21页。试卷主要包含了考点聚焦,语法意义一致原则,就近一致原则等内容,欢迎下载使用。
      内容导航
      考点聚焦:核心考点,有的放矢
      重点速记:知识点和重难点梳理,查漏补缺
      牛刀小试:知识点和关键点训练,能力提升
      巩固提升:真题感知+提升专练,全面突破
      一、考点聚焦
      重点速记
      (一)一般现在时
      1、结构:
      主语 + be动词(am/is/are) + 其他
      如:I am a student. 我是一名学生
      They are all rescue wrkers. 他们都是救援人员。
      主语 + 实义动词(d动词原形/des动词单三) + 其他
      如:I like t take phts in the park. 我喜欢在公园里拍照。
      He speaks English very well. 他英语说得很好。
      She teaches sme children English. 她教一些孩子英语。
      2、用法:
      (1)通常表示现阶段经常发生的动作、存在状态或经常的习惯性的动作。常与ften, usually, always,
      smetimes, tday, every five minutes, n Sundays等时间状语连用。
      She gets up every day. 她每天六点起床。
      I usually g t schl n ft. 我经常步行去学校。
      (2)表示永恒的真理以及客观事实。
      The teacher tld us that the light travels faster than the sund. 老师告诉我们:“光比声音传得快”。
      The earth ges rund the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
      (3)表示按规定或计划要发生的动作。
      She starts at five in the mrning. 她早上五点出发。
      (4)主将从现:主句中使用一般将来时,在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。
      I’ll g with yu if yu are free tmrrw. 如果你明天有空,我就会和你一起去。
      牛刀小试
      ()写出下列动词的单三形式:
      make________d_________cme__________
      g_________buy_________watch_________
      catch__________say_________study__________
      wash__________mve_________play__________
      have__________fix__________clse__________
      巩固提升
      语法填空
      1.Nt nly the students but als the teacher (want) t g climbing. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      2.The truth is that nne f us (be) prepared fr the challenges f AI. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      3.Every year ur schl (award) schlarships t the excellent students. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      4.This ld guitar (belng) t my grandfather, but he lets me play it smetimes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      5.I will g t the beach even if it (rain) tmrrw. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      6.He will cme n time even thugh it (rain). (所给词的适当形式填空)
      (二)一般过去时
      重点速记
      定义:
      (1)表示过去某个时间内所发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语ag, yesterday , last week, in the ld days ,when I was five years ld, in 1995,the ther day 等连用。
      I met him yesterday. 昨天我遇见了他。
      He was very busy an hur ag.他在过去的一小时非常忙碌。
      I was eight years ld last year. 我去年8岁。
      (2)一般过去时多和表示过去了的时间状语连用。但是有时候句子并没有过去的时间状语,这时就要通过语境、说话人的口气来判断。
      He wrte a nvel. 他写了一部小说。
      I didn’t expect yu were waiting fr us. 我没预料到你正在等我们。
      (3)used t d sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”,暗含“现在不做了”之意。be used t d sth. 意为“被用于做某事”,不定式表示目的,可用于多种时态。be used t ding sth. 习惯做某事。
      He used t get up early . 过去他总是早起。
      He will be used t getting up early . 他将会习惯早起。
      Wd is used t make paper. 木材被用来造纸。
      2、时间标志词:yesterday, last week/mnth/year, just nw(刚才), the ther day(不久前某一天), three days ag(三天前), in 2000, the day befre yesterday(前天), in the past(在过去), nce upn a time(曾经), this mrning(今天早上)等。
      主语 + be动词(was/were) + 其他 注:am/is--was; are--were
      3、结构
      主语 + 实义动词的过去式(did) + 其他
      附:动词过去式的规则变化

      4、常考不规则动词过去式:
      am/is--was,are--were,becme-became,buy--bught,bring--brught,break--brke. cme--came,catch--caught,d--did, drink--drank, drive--drve, eat--ate, find--fund fly--flew,fight--fught, get--gt, g--went, give--gave, have--had, hurt--hurt,keep--kept,make--made, meet--met, mean--meant, ride--rde, run--ran, see--saw, sleep--slept, sing--sang
      牛刀小试
      请写出下列单词的过去式。
      walk____________ climb___________ trap____________
      learn___________ ck __________ play ____________
      visit ___________ clean _________ wash __________
      answer ________ listen _________ cllect __________
      jump _________ prefer ___________ shw ____________
      lk __________ help __________ relax ___________
      return _________ pass _________ paint __________
      kick _________ dance ___________ use ______________
      巩固提升
      1、A fire (ccur) in the ld building near ur huse, but frtunately n ne was hurt. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      2、Simn ften (refer) t his dictinary when he came acrss new wrds in reading. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      3、He walked t the sfa, sat dwn and (hug) his wife and daughter. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      4、It (strike) him that he culd deal with the prblem in this way. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      5、A friend f mine (vlunteer) t be my cmpanin during the last summer vacatin. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      6、He used t (brther) me and gave me a lt f help. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      一般将来时
      重点速记
      构成:
      (1)will/ shall+动词原形
      (2)is/am/are ging t+动词原形
      (3)is/am/are abut t+动词原形
      (4)is/am/are t+动词原形
      (5)is/am/are due t+动词原形
      (6)某些动词的一般现在时或现在进行时形式
      用法:
      (1)will
      表示将来的习惯性动作或状态
      He will be here in an hur. 他一个小时后到这里。
      表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势
      Fish will die withut water. 离开水,鱼就会死。
      (2)be ging t
      用在口语中,表示“计划、打算要做某事”, 此外,be ging t还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。
      Lk at the dark cluds. It is ging t rain. 看这些乌云,要下雨了。
      (3)be abut t/be n the pint f +动名词
      表示“立即的将来(immediate future)”,这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用,但可以和并列连词 when (=and at this/that time)引出的分句连用
      The train is abut t start. 火车就要开了。
      (4)be t
      表示“按计划或安排要做的事”
      When are yu t leave fr hme? 你什么时候回家?
      表示要求做某事,意为“应该”, 相当于shuld, ught t;
      Yu are t reprt it t the plice. 你应该报警。
      (5)be due t
      表示“预定、定于”
      They are due t meet again tmrrw. 他们定于明天再见面。
      (6)有些位移动词,如 cme, g, arrive, leave, begin, start 等,其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作。
      I'm leaving fr Beijing next mnth. 下个月我要动身去北京。
      牛刀小试
      语法填空
      1、As is knwn t all, the lcal ecnmy will ( beneficial) frm the newly built railway.
      2、Tm (graduate) frm cllege in a few mnths because he has cmpleted all the
      curses. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      3、I (see) yu next week because I (g) t yur city n business. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      4、The cmpany (launch) a new prduct next mnth. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      5、Where is the telephne bk?
      I (g) and get it fr yu. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      巩固提升
      完成句子
      1、了解中国的餐桌礼仪对你很有益。(一句多译)
      (1) Having a gd knwledge f Chinese table manners will . (benefit vt.)
      (2) Having a gd knwledge f Chinese table manners will . (benefit n.)
      (3) Having a gd knwledge f Chinese table manners will (beneficial adj.)
      2、在强光下读书会对你的眼睛造成伤害。(一句多译)
      (1)Reading in the strng light will .(harm v.)
      (2)Reading in the strng light will .(harm n.)
      (3)Reading in the strng light .(harmful)
      (四)现在进行时的用法:
      重点速记
      (1)构成:
      is/am/are +现在分词
      (2)用法:
      1、表示现在(说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作或状态,常与 nw,right nw,at this mment,at present等时间状语连用。
      We are waiting fr yu nw. 我们正在等你。
      2、表示现阶段发生的动作,说话时该动作未必正在进行。
      He is teaching in a middle schl. 他在一所中学教书。
      3、表示将要发生的动作,此时常与表示将来的时间状语连用,多指按计划、安排好的事情。
      I'm meeting my father at the statin at 5 'clck. 我五点要去车站接我的父亲。
      4、表示渐变,有些动词,如 cme,g,leave,start,begin,stp,arrive,return等的进行时表示逐渐变化的过程。
      It is getting warmer and warmer in spring. 春天天气越来越暖和了。
      5、表示动作的反复。进行时与 always,cnstantly,frever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的厌烦、喜爱等感情色彩。
      Yu are always changing yur mind. 你总是不停地改变主意。
      She's always helping peple. 她总是乐意帮助别人。
      The by is cnstantly lying. 这个男孩老是撤谎。
      6、不能用进行时态的动词。
      感觉类:lk,smell,feel,sund,taste,see,hear等。
      The sup tastes gd. (不可说:The sup is tasting gd.) 这汤尝起来不错。
      Yur hands feel cld. (不可说:Yur hands are feeling cld.)你的手摸起来很凉。
      情感类:like,lve,prefer,admire,hate,fear,adre等。
      I lve my dad and mum. (不可说:I am lving my dad and mum.)我爱我的爸爸妈妈。
      心态类:wish,hpe,want,need,believe,understand,agree,remember,frget等。
      I dn't believe my eyes. (不可说:I am nt believing my eyes.) 我不相信我的眼睛。
      存在状态类:appear,lie (位于),remain,belng,have等。
      Thse bks belng t Mr. Li. (不说Thse bks are belnging t Mr. Li.)那些书是李先生的。
      牛刀小试
      单项选择
      1、WeChat(微信) as well as telephnes ______ an imprtant part in ur daily cmmunicatin.
      A.are playingB.have playedC.is playingD.play
      2、Mr. Smith_______ t have a talk with yu. He will be here in a minute.
      A.cmesB.cameC.has cmeD.is cming
      3、E-mail as well as telephnes ________ mre and mre ppular in daily cmmunicatin.
      A.is becmingB.are becmingC.have becmeD.becme
      4、He ______ fr Beijing tmrrw with his aunt and uncle.
      A.leavesB.is leavingC.leftD.had left
      5、The headmaster, tgether with his teaching staff, ______ the annual educatinal cnference in Shanghai next week.
      A.are attendingB.is attendingC.have attendedD.has attended
      巩固提升
      语法填空
      1、Pllutin is (threat)marine life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      2、Lk! The tw bys (stand) there. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      3、I (leave) fr Shanghai the day after tmrrw. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      4、I (see) Prfessr Smith ff this afternn. Will yu jin me? (所给词的适当形式填空)
      5、Student numbers are (expansin) rapidly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      (五)过去进行时的用法
      重点速记
      1、构成:was/were +现在分词
      2、用法:
      (1)表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作,常有表过去时间的状语(从句)
      The last time I saw Jane, she was picking cttn in the fields.
      我最后一次见简时,她正在地里摘棉花。
      (2)表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。常用的时间状语有this mrning,the whle mrning,all day,frm nine t ten等
      We were watching TV frm seven t nine last night.
      昨天晚上七点到九点我们在看电视。
      (3)用过去进行时表过去将来时,与现在进行时表将来相同,表示过去将要发生的动作,常用动词有g,cme,stay,leave等
      She asked him whether he was cming back fr supper.
      她问他是否要回来吃晚饭。
      牛刀小试
      单项选择
      1、During the perid f recent terrrist activities, peple ________ nt t tuch an unattended bag.
      A.had always been warnedB.were always being warned
      C.are always warningD.always warned
      2、With his arms ______, Gerge std there silently and listened t what the reprter______ carefully.
      A.flding; was sayingB.flded; being said
      C.flding; being saidD.flded; was saying
      3、Sldiers and wrkers ________ aid supplies in the factry when a pwer failure struck, leaving them in great shck and disappintment.
      A.have packedB.packedC.were packingD.wuld pack
      4、The teacher came in while the by ________ a nvel.
      A.was readingB.readC.has readD.is reading
      5、Unluckily, when I drpped in, Dr. Smith _________, s we nly had time fr a few wrds.
      A.was just leavingB.has just leftC.had just leftD.just left
      巩固提升
      语法填空
      1、She warned her parents f the danger, thugh at first they just thught she (jke). (所给词的适当形式填空)
      2、He (pen) the dr when he fund he had left his keys in the car. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      3、I (watch) TV frm 7: 00 p.m. t 8: 00 p.m. yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      4、 (sit) at the table was his mther. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      5、A wman wh (sit) with her sn made eye cntact with me and asked me t cme t her. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      (六) 现在完成时的用法:
      重点速记
      定义:表示过去发生的某一动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去的动作一直持续到现在,时间状语标志词:already, yet, just, recently, lately, since, s far, up t nw, till nw, fr + 一段时间, in the past few years...
      结构:
      动词形式:have/ has dne He has already btained a schlarship.
      Peter has written six papers s far.
      He has gne t Beijing. (影响性用法)
      He has learned English since 2010. (持续性用法)
      2、表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续持续下去,此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或fr加一段时间,或加一个现在时间。
      I have knwn him fr three years. 我认识他三年了。
      He has lived here since 1995.他自1995年以来就住在这儿。
      注意(1)因为含有fr加一段时间或since加一时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有延续性的特点,所以不能使用瞬间动词。
      My sister has been married fr 5 years.我姐姐结婚五年了。
      My sister has married. Dn’t disturb her. 我姐姐已经结婚了。不要打扰她。
      (2)在This/That/It is the that..句型里,从句要用现在完成时。
      This is the secnd time that the prducts f ur cmpany have been shwn in the Internatinal Exhibitin. 这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。
      (3)在This/That/It was the that..句型里,从句要用过去完成时。
      注意:一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
      过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完
      成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响;一般过去时
      常与具体的时间状语连用。
      试比较:
      I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了,不涉及现在)
      I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
      注意:短暂性动词 v.s 延续性动词
      表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, brrw, buy, begin, start, die不能与一段时间的状语连用
      He has cme here fr 2 years.(×)
      He has been here fr 2 years.(√)
      辨析:have gne t v.s have been t v.s have been in...
      have gne t:去了某地没回来
      Tm has gne t America. He will be there fr a week.
      have been t:去了某地已经回来了
      Tm has been t America. He is having a rest at hme.
      have been in:一直居住在某地
      Tm has been in America fr mre than 10 years.
      牛刀小试
      同步练习
      knw _______wrk _________g __________develp ________
      get _________see ___________finish ________play ___________
      visit ________write __________take _________mve __________
      grw _______draw __________read _________cause __________
      witness _________rganize ________be ___________cme__________
      巩固提升
      语法填空
      1.Research has (cnfirm) that smking is a majr risk factr fr many diseases. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      2.Since then, the virtual chir (becme) a wrldwide phenmenn. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      3.Fr the past few years, Wuzhen (hst) the Wrld Internet Cnference, which makes life in this ancient twn much mre cnvenient than it has been. (所构成的适当形式填空)
      4.The number f students in ur schl (increase) steadily in the past few years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      5.It is the secnd time he (jin) in the discussin abut hw t slve the prblem. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      (七)过去完成时的用法:
      重点速记
      定义:
      1、过去完成时是一个相对时态,表示过去的过去,只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。
      When we gt t the statin, the train had left.
      2、过去完成时表示截止到过去某一时间已经完成的动作。
      By the end f last mnth, we had reviewed fur bks. 截止到上个月末,我们已经复习了四本书。
      3、表示思维的动词用过去完成时,意为“原本······(但事与愿违)”。
      I had thught that he wuld win. 我原以为他能赢。
      结构:
      Had dne
      We had believed that he culd tell the truth. 我们原本相信他能够说实话。
      巩固提升
      1、By the time she retired, her decisins (lead) the cmpany t success. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      2、By the end f last year, they (treat) ver 800 patients. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      3、I (intend) t g uting yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitr. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      4、Hardly the plice received the emergency call when they rushed t the scene. (用适当的词填空)
      5、Althugh it was the first time the yung man (practice) flying in a real plane, t his trainer’s jy, it appeared he were an experienced pilt. (所给词的适当形式填空) (用适当的词填空)
      (八)现在完成进行时的用法:
      重点速记
      (1)现在完成进行时的定义
      现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去。
      We have been waiting fr him fr tw hurs.
      (2)现在完成进行时的结构
      have/has been + ding
      (3)现在完成进行时所用的时间状语
      this mnth/week/year,these days,recently/lately,in the past few+时间段,since +时间点,fr+时间段。
      They have been building the bridge fr tw mnths.
      They have been planting trees this mnth. 这个月他们在植树。
      (4)现在完成进行时的用法
      表示动作的延续
      I have been learning English since three years ag. 自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。
      We have been waiting fr yu fr half an hur. 我们已经等你半个钟头了。
      不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有:lve爱,like喜欢,hate讨厌等。
      (5)辨析现在完成进行时和现在完成时:(1)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复,而现在完成时一般不表示重复性
      Have yu met him recently?你最近见到过他吗?
      (2)现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩,而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙
      I have been waiting fr yu fr tw hurs.我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满)
      I have waited fr yu fr tw hurs.我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实)
      (3)现在完成进行时强调动作,而现在完成时强调结果
      Wh has been eating the ranges?谁一直在吃这些桔子呀?(还剩余一些)
      Wh has eaten the ranges?谁把桔子吃光了?(强调吃得一个不剩)
      巩固提升
      1、I (wait) fr yu fr tw hurs. When will yu be back? (所给词的适当形式填空)
      2、During the past decade, he (phtgraph)the city, and sharing these phts nline and in exhibitins. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      3、I (learn) a new language fr the past six mnths, and I am making great prgress. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      4、The cst f living (rise) sharply since the 2010s. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      5、They (wrk) n their prgram all year and are hping t finish it sn. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      (九)过去将来时的用法:
      重点速记
      构成:
      ①shuld/wuld+动词原形
      ②was/were ging t+动词原形
      ③was/were abut t+动词原形
      ④was/were t+动词原形
      ⑤was/were due t+动词原形
      ⑥was/were +t have dne
      用法:
      表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态
      He tld me he was leaving in an hur.
      他告诉我他一小时后就要走了。
      I was abut t take a bath when the telephne rang.
      我正要洗澡时电话铃响了。
      巩固提升
      1、He said he (cme) back t visit his hmetwn as sn as he finished his wrk. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      2、He prmised that he (buy) sme batteries fr us when he (get) there. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      3、He said he (raise) the questin at the meeting the next day. (所给词适当形式填空)
      4、Last Sunday he prmised he but he hasn’t arrived until nw. (cme) (所给词的适当形式填空)
      5、Black cluds clured the sky dark. There (be) a strm. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      (十)被动语态
      1、构成:
      be+过去分词be+过去分词,口语中也用“get/becme+过去分词”表示。
      2、被动语态的基本用法:
      不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态;强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。
      3、使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题
      (1)被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词
      因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者,某些短语动词如lk after, think f, take care f, wrk ut, laugh at等,也可用于被动语态。
      The children were taken gd care f by her.
      注意:
      短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏。(2) 主动语态变为被动语态要加“t”的情况
      若宾语补足语是不带t 的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定式前要加“t”。此类动词为感官动词,如:feel, hear, help, listen t, lk at, make, bserve, see, ntice, watch等。例如:
      The teacher made me g ut f the classrm.
      I was made t g ut f the classrm (by the teacher).
      (3)短语动词变被动语态时,注意介词短语的完整性。
      Yur prnunciatin and spelling shuld be paid attentin t.你应该注意你的发音和拼写。
      (4)情态动词, be ging t, be t, be sure t, have t等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。
      We can repair this watch in tw days.
      ---This watch can be repaired in tw days.
      我们可以在两天内修好这块手表。
      (5)当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, knw, write, cnsider, reprt等时,被动语态有两种形式:谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。
      用it作形式主语,真正的主语用主语从句来表示。
      Peple knw paper was made in China first.
      --Paper was knwn t be made in China first.
      --It is knwn that paper was made in China first.
      众所周知,纸最先在中国被制造。
      类似句型有:It is said/knwn/suggested/believed/hped/thught that ...
      2.不能用被动语态的几种情况
      (1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
      (2)表示状态的谓语动词,如:last, hld, cntain, fit, cst等。
      (3)表示归属的动词,如have,wn,belng t等。
      (4)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词,如:wish, want, hpe, like, lve, hate等。
      (5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。
      (6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等,谓语动词不用被动语态。
      3. 主动形式表示被动意义
      英语中有一类既是及物动词又是不及物动词的动词。当它们作为不及物动词而主语又是指物的名词或代词时,往往含有被动意义。因为从逻辑意义上讲这些名词本身不具备执行动作的能力,只能作为动作的承受者。由于动词本身的含义及主语的内在特征,这些动词表达被动意义的方式和与其他词语的搭配又有很多不同之处。
      1. 某些连系动词smell,taste,sund,feel等。如:
      The clth feels sft. 这布摸上去很柔软。
      The cake tastes gd. 这蛋糕很好吃。
      That sunds very reasnable. 那听起来很有道理的。
      2. 某些不及物动词如build,ck,print,bake 等用于进行时态(主要是现在进行时)。这些动词构成的主动结构可以转化为相应的被动语态。如:
      The newspapers are printing.
      =The newspapers are being printed.报纸在印刷中。
      3. 某些与can't,wn't连用的不及物动词。如:
      The dr wn't lck.
      =The dr wn't be lcked. 这门锁不住。
      4. 某些不及物动词常与副词连用。这些常见的不及物动词有:read,write,wash,clean,draw,burn,sell,ck,phtgraph,dye,dry,light,tear,carry 等。副词包括well,badly,easily,quickly等。如:
      The pen writes smthly. 这支钢笔很好写。
      The knife cuts well. 这把刀很快。
      The clth washes well. 这种布料好洗。
      These bwls dn't clean easily. 这些碗不容易洗干净。
      5. 某些以含动词意义的名词作介词宾语构成的介词词组可表示被动意义。如:
      Oranges are n sale. 橘子在出售。
      The questin is under discussin. 问题在讨论之中。
      巩固提升
      语法填空
      1.Travelling t cnferences, lectures, wrkshps, and the like frequently by plane (view) as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      2.(2020北京卷)Single-use plastic bags are used at mst a few times befre they (thrw) away. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      3.Lk! The guests (shw) arund the factry. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      4.The children (drill) t leave the classrm quickly when the fire bell rang. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      5.Amy, as well as her brthers, (give) a warm welcme when returning t the village last week. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      6.David is ne f thse students wh (praise) by the headmaster yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      7.There was a lt f nise utside because repair wrk (d) t the huse at that time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      8.After schl we went t the reading-rm, nly t be tld that it (decrate). (所给词的适当形式填空)
      9.Yur passprt (return) t yu when yu check ut f yur htel. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      10.In a few mnths, the newly planted trees will (surrund) by clrful flwers. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      11.It was said that anther schl was (build) in ur hmetwn next mnth. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      12.They prmised that these fine traditins (prtect) fr generatin t cme. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      13.Tw-fifths f ur students (admit) t the well-knwn university s far.(所给词的适当形式填空)
      14.Large amunts f mney (spend) n medical treatment since last year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      15.It was the first time that I (treat) with such respect. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      16.N sner a big bunch f rses (stuff) int Tm’s car than his wife arrived. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      17.What shuld (d) with such a beautiful place? They wndered ut lud. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      18.All this infrmatin can be (cnvey) in a simple diagram. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      19.I wuld like t buy these cat because the clthing (feel) smth. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      20.The prpsal that we (raise) public awareness f heritage prtectin is wrth (cnsider). (所给词的适当形式填空)
      (十一)主谓一致
      1、主谓一致要遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
      语法一致原则指的是主语和谓语的数互相匹配,根据主语的语法形式,决定谓语动词的单复数形式。语法形式是单数的主语,谓语动词用单数形式;语法形式是复数的主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
      意义一致原则指的是主谓语的一致不是根据其外部形态来决定的,而是取决于主语所表达的内在涵义,也就是说,要从意义着眼来处理主谓一致问题。有时主语形式为单数,但是意义为复数,谓语动词根据意义而定,亦采取复数形式。
      就近一致原则指的是谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数保持一致,而不是根据整个主语部分的数来决定。
      语法一致原则和意义一致原则通常是协调统一的,究竟何时采用何种原则视习惯用法而定。
      一、语法一致原则
      1、主语和谓语通常是从语法上取得一致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也为复数形式。在正式用法中往往遵循语法一致的原则。
      2、单数名词或代词、动词不定式、动名词和主语从句作主语,其谓语动词应月单数形式。
      3、复数名词或代词作主语,其谓语动词应用复数形式。如:
      T play basketball and t g swimming is useful fr character-training.
      Reading English magazines and nvels is helpful t yur study f English.
      What yu said just nw has smething t d with the matter we are discussing.
      注意:
      在大多数情况下,由 what 引导的主语从句,其后主句的谓语动词(多数是 be的某种形式)应采取单数形式。但表语是复数时或者 what 从句是个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词也可采取复数形式。
      如:What we need badly here are dctrs..
      3.某些不定代词,如:either,neither,each,ne, the ne, anther, anybdy, anyne,anything, everything, smething, smebdy, smene, everybdy, everyne nbdy, n ne,nthing,all (指物)等作主语时,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
      Either f these buses ges t the museum
      Nthing in the wrld is difficult fr ne wh sets his mind t it.
      注意:
      当 each 位于复数主语后或句未作同位语时,不影响谓语动词的数,即谓语动词仍用复数。如:
      They each have bught a Chinese-English dictinary=They have bught a Chinese-English dictinary each.
      他们每个人都买了一本汉英词典。
      4. 由 and 或 bth.…连接的并列主语,其谓语动词常用复数形式。如:
      Bth he and his parents are ging t visit the Great Wall next mnth.
      注意:
      (1)如果并列主语所表示的是同一个人,同一事物或同一概念时(包含通常由两个部件配成的物品,如:a knife and frk,a cup and saucer, a cart and hrse, a watch and chain, a key and lck,bread and butter 等等),谓语动词则要用单数形式,这时 and 后面的名词没有冠词。如:
      The League secretary and mnitr takes the lead in everything
      Des such a watch and chain cst much?
      and 连接的并列单数主语的前面如果分别有 each,every,n 或 many a修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
      Each man and each wman enjys equal rights.
      Many a by and many a girl has been t Beijing很多男孩女孩都去过北京。
      当主语后面跟有 as well as, n less than, rather than, but, except, besides,with,alng with, tgether with,like,including,in additin t 以及 f 等介词引导的短语时,尽管含有并列意义,但不能看作是并列主语,其谓语动词的形式依前面主语的单复数而定。
      Air as well as water is matter
      Everyne here, including children and ld peple, ges in fr sprts
      6.由“many a +单数名词”和 “mre than ne +单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数,但表示复数意义。如:
      Many a factry was built last year.
      Many a student has cme but mre than ne is able t d it.·Mre than ne persn has made the suggestin.
      Mre than ne student was late fr the class this mrning.
      7.由“a lt f( lts f, plenty f, half f, the rest f, part f, mst f, sme f,mre than)+名词或代词”构成的短语以及由 “分数(如:tw thirds f)或百分数….percent+f+名词或代词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要根据短语中后面名词的数而定,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。
      Tw thirds f the apple has gne bad.
      Mst f his time has been spent n nvels.
      8.在定语从句中关系代词作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与主句中的先行词的数保持一致。如:
      They have fund many elements in the mn rcks which are fund in the earth.
      注意:
      以“ne f +复数名词”作定语从句的先行词时,关系代词 wh,that,which 所指的是复数名词而不是“ne”,因此从句的谓语动词应为复数形式。但当 ne 之前有 the,the nly 等修饰语时,则应处理为单数形式。
      This is ne f the best bks that have ever been written by him.
      She is the nly ne f the best singers wh is knwn t us all.
      9.在强调句结构中,如被强调的是主语,则 that 或 wh 之后的谓语动词需与该主语一致。如:
      It is I wh am ging t attend the meeting instead f him. 是我将代替他去参加这个会议。
      10.在主谓倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致。
      On the wall hang famus tw il paintings and a map f the wrld.
      二、语法意义一致原则
      根据主语所表达的内在涵义,决定其谓语的数。主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词依意义而定,也采用复数形式;反之亦然。
      1、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语,以及国家、组织和书报等的名称,作为一个整体,其谓语动词用单数。
      Tw thusand dllars is mre than we can affrd·The United States is a develped cuntry
      The Chinese Cmmunist Party is a great ne.·The Arabian Nights is full f interesting stries
      注意:
      (1)the Olympic Games(奥运会)作主语时,其后的谓语动词要用复数。如:
      The Olympic Games are held every fur years
      (2)另外,数词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数,表示算式的主语,谓语动词用单复数皆可。如:
      Ten is a rund number.
      Six times seven is/ are frty-tw.
      2、某些集合名词,如:family(家,一家人),team(队,全队成员),grup(组,全组成员),crwd(群,一群人),class(班,全班人),gvernment(政府,政府官员),cmmittee(委员会,委员会全体委员),enemy(敌人,敌兵),cmpany(公司,公司全体职员),club(俱乐部,俱乐部全体成员)等作为一个整体看待时,其谓语动词要用单数形式是单数;如果作为个体(成员)看待,则其谓语动词要用复数形式。
      The whle class were greatly mved at his wrds.
      3、表示总称意义的名词,如:plice(警察),peple(人民,人们),cattle(牛),yuth(青年人),(the)public(公众),crew(全体船员,全体乘务员)等,单数形式代表复数的内容,这类“形单意复”的名词作主语时,其谓语动词总是用复数形式。
      Peple frm the United States stand clser than peple frm Britain when they are talking tgether.
      4、Chinese, French,English,Japanese,Swiss 等名词作主语表示语言时,谓语动词用单数,表示人民时(其前有定冠词 the)则用复数。
      The Chinese are brave and hard- wrking.
      5.、有些以-s 结尾的表示疾病、游戏名称的名词以及以-ics 结尾的表示学科名称的名词,如:physics(物理),plitics(政治),mathematics(数学),gymnastics(体操),statistics(统计学)以及 news 都属于“形复意单”的名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
      News that ur team wn all the maths has just cme.
      6、 单复同形的名词,如:wrks(著作,作品,工厂,工事,工程),means(方法,手段),sheep(绵羊),deer(鹿),fish(鱼),Japanese(日本人),Chinese(中国人),Swiss(瑞士人),bellws(风箱,减压舱)等作主语时,如果表示单数意义,其后的谓语动词用单数,如果表示复数意义,其后的谓语动词用复数。
      Every means is used t stp the water being plluted.
      7、由两个相同部分组成的表示整体名称的词,如:由两个相同部分组成的表示整体名称的词。如:glasses(眼镜),trusers(裤子),shes(鞋子),clthes(衣服),shrts(短裤),scks(短袜),stckings(长袜),slippers(拖鞋),scissrs(剪刀),spectacles 眼镜),cmpasses(圆规),scales(天平),chpsticks(筷子)等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
      Yur trusers are dirty, yu must have them washed.
      注意:
      有些词由a(this,that,ne 等)pair(kind,type,piece,suit等)+f修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式;如果在 these/thse pairs(kinds,types,pieces等)+f+复数名词之后,谓语动词要用复数形式。
      These kinds f scissrs are gd.
      8、只有复数形式的名词,如:belngings(所有物),surrundings(环境),dings(行为),savings(储蓄),findings(调查结果),earnings(收入),sweepings(扫拢的垃圾), ashes(灰,灰烬),firewrks(烟火),remains(残余),thanks(感谢),cngratulatins(祝贺),manners(礼貌),gds(商品,货物),wds(树林),brains(智力),times(时代;次数),papers(报纸,论文,试卷,文件) arms(武器)等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
      It is said that half his gds have been stlen.
      9、定冠词 the+形容词或分词指一类人作主语,其后的谓语动词用复数形式;但如果指的是抽象概念,其谓语动词则用单数形式。
      The sick here have t g n a diet at present.
      10、主语前面有 a number f 修饰时,谓语动词用复数;主语前面是 the number f时,谓语动词用单数。
      The number f bks published n the subject is simply amazing.
      11、有些不定代词,如:all,mst,mre,sme,any,the fllwing 等,指代或修饰单数或不可数内容时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式;指代或修饰复数内容时,其后的谓语动词用复数形式。
      All is nt gld that glitters.并不是闪光的都是金子。
      The fllwing is a piece f pp music.接下来是一首流行音乐。
      12、Wh, what, which,nne 等代词作主语时,其后的谓语动词可以用单数,也可以用复数,主要由意义来决定。
      Which is yur bk?
      Which are yur bks?
      三、就近一致原则
      就近一致原则指的是谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数保持一致,而不是根据整个主语部分的数来决定。
      1、用连词 r,, , , nt (als).….等连接并列主语时,谓语动词和邻近的一个主语保持一致。
      Neither yu nr he is able t d such wrk alne.
      Nt nly the students but als the teacher has taken part in the match.
      2、在 there be 句型结构中,谓语动词一般都与邻近的主语保持一致。如:
      There is mre than ne answer t yur questin.
      巩固提升
      用所给词的适当形式填空
      1.Nt nly the freign students but als the teacher (attract) by the authentic Chinese tea culture s far. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      2.Either my uncle r my parents (be) ging t Beijing tmrrw. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
      3.The number f peple invited (be) fifty, but a number f them (be)absent fr different reasns. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      4.Tw thirds f my class (be) gd at English, s I will try my best t catch up with them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      5.What we need (be) enugh water, but what they need (be) huses. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      6.The musician alng with his band members (give) ten perfrmances in the last three mnths. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      7.As it (cnnect) things, yur brain turns them int a stry, and yu get a dream. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      8.My washing machine (repair) this week, s I have t wash my clthes by hand. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      9.This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers (carry) special significance.(用单词的适当形式完成句子)
      10.It is the secnd time that the buildings in the twn (survive) the natural disasters. (所给词的适当形式填空)
      考点(一)
      一般时态(一般现在时、一般过去时)
      考点(二)
      进行时态(现在进行时、过去进行时)
      考点(三)
      完成时态(现在完成时、过去完成时)
      考点(四)
      将来时态(一般将来时、过去将来时)
      考点(五)
      被动语态(掌握被动语态的各个形式)
      考点(六)
      主谓一致(了解主谓一致三大原则)
      考点(一)
      一般时态(一般现在时、一般过去时)
      情况
      规则
      例词
      一般情况
      加 -ed
      wrk ---wrked
      play---played
      以-e结尾的动词
      加 -d
      live---lived
      mve----mved
      辅音字母 + y结尾的动词
      把-y变为-i 再加-ed
      study---studied
      cpy---cpied
      以重读“辅元辅”结尾的动词
      双写结尾的辅音字母再加-ed
      admit-admitted
      stp-stpped
      考点(二)
      进行时态(现在进行时、过去进行时)
      考点(三)
      完成时态(现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时)
      常见考法:
      1. 现在完成进行时的基本用法;
      2. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别;
      3. 现在完成进行时和其他时态的搭配。
      误区提醒:
      1. 现在完成进行时的构成记忆不清;
      2. 不能准确区分现在完成进行和现在完成时的区别;
      3. 时态搭配上出现错误。
      考点(四)
      将来时态(一般将来时、过去将来时)
      考点(五)
      被动语态(掌握被动语态的各个形式)
      一般现在时 d des
      am/is/are + dne
      一般过去时 did
      was/were + dne
      一般将来时 will d
      will + be + dne
      过去将来时 wuld d
      wuld + be + dne
      现在进行时 am/is/are ding
      am/is/are + being + dne
      过去进行时 was/was ding
      was/were + being + dne
      现在完成时 have/has dne
      have/has + been + dne
      过去完成时 had dne
      had + been + dne
      考点(六)
      主谓一致(了解主谓一致三大原则)

      相关试卷

      【01-暑假复习】专题01 动词时空密码速通 (时态、语态与主谓一致考点全解析) (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版):

      这是一份【01-暑假复习】专题01 动词时空密码速通 (时态、语态与主谓一致考点全解析) (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版),共21页。试卷主要包含了考点聚焦,语法意义一致原则,就近一致原则等内容,欢迎下载使用。

      【01-暑假复习】专题01 动词时空密码速通 (时态、语态与主谓一致考点全解析) (教师版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版):

      这是一份【01-暑假复习】专题01 动词时空密码速通 (时态、语态与主谓一致考点全解析) (教师版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版),共32页。试卷主要包含了考点聚焦,语法意义一致原则,就近一致原则等内容,欢迎下载使用。

      【暑假复习】专题01 动词时空密码速通-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)(含答案):

      这是一份【暑假复习】专题01 动词时空密码速通-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)(含答案),文件包含暑假复习专题01动词时空密码速通教师版-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练人教版docx、暑假复习专题01动词时空密码速通学生版-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练人教版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共53页, 欢迎下载使用。

      资料下载及使用帮助
      版权申诉
      • 1.电子资料成功下载后不支持退换,如发现资料有内容错误问题请联系客服,如若属实,我们会补偿您的损失
      • 2.压缩包下载后请先用软件解压,再使用对应软件打开;软件版本较低时请及时更新
      • 3.资料下载成功后可在60天以内免费重复下载
      版权申诉
      若您为此资料的原创作者,认为该资料内容侵犯了您的知识产权,请扫码添加我们的相关工作人员,我们尽可能的保护您的合法权益。
      入驻教习网,可获得资源免费推广曝光,还可获得多重现金奖励,申请 精品资源制作, 工作室入驻。
      版权申诉二维码
      暑假专区
      • 精品推荐
      • 所属专辑37份
      欢迎来到教习网
      • 900万优选资源,让备课更轻松
      • 600万优选试题,支持自由组卷
      • 高质量可编辑,日均更新2000+
      • 百万教师选择,专业更值得信赖
      微信扫码注册
      手机号注册
      手机号码

      手机号格式错误

      手机验证码 获取验证码 获取验证码

      手机验证码已经成功发送,5分钟内有效

      设置密码

      6-20个字符,数字、字母或符号

      注册即视为同意教习网「注册协议」「隐私条款」
      QQ注册
      手机号注册
      微信注册

      注册成功

      返回
      顶部
      添加客服微信 获取1对1服务
      微信扫描添加客服
      Baidu
      map