【03-暑假培优练】专题01 阅读理解暑假提升练 (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (译林版)(2)

这是一份【03-暑假培优练】专题01 阅读理解暑假提升练 (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (译林版)(2)，共18页。试卷主要包含了特殊疑问句形式， 以是非题的形式， 以填空题的形式，如， 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问等内容，欢迎下载使用。
内容导航
考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升
复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破
核心考点聚焦
考点一
细节理解题
细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。
常见的命题方式通常有：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, wh, hw much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；
2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, nt true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；
3. 以Accrding t… 开头提问方式；
4. 以填空题的形式，如：
(1)T avid attracting muntain lins, peple are advised________.
(2)By the first sentence f the passage authr means that________.
(3)It seems that nw a cuntry’s ecnmy depends much n________.
(4)If yu are interested in knwing abut what peple’s life will be, yu may visit________.
(5)The plicemen were tld “t lk the ther way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) s that________ .
(6)The pliceman wh said “Gd evening” t Rlls wanted t________.
5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。
做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法.先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句.仔细品味，对照比较.确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法.将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。
了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：(1)是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；(2)符合常识，但不是文章内容；(3)与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；(4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；(5)部分正确，部分错误。
有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候(做判断、推断或结论的时候)能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断。此类试题在高考中占大多数。
考点二
词义猜测题
值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。
在英语阅读理解中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类：
1.旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义；如：Nearby is the Indianaplis race curse, where the natin’s mst famus car race is held each year n May 30th.我们学过 curse的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。根据上下文 curse是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断 curse在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。
2.合成词、转化词与派生词，如shplifting，heartbrken，cmputer-literate，decisin-thinking，imperfect等；
3.“灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解；
4.“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景。
5.超纲生词。
有的学生在阅读训练和测试中存在着“生词恐惧心理”，一遇到生词就有读不下去的感觉。那么阅读理解时遇到大量生词该怎么办? 查词典当然是排除词义障碍的一种方法，当然这只有在平常的阅读训练中才可以使用。但是，频繁的查阅词典既影响阅读速度，又容易破坏学生阅读的思路和兴趣。况且，一词多义是英语词汇的主要特点，词典不一定能为学生提供单词在特定的上下文中的具体或确切的含义。平时的练习中遇到生词不要马上查词典，可以通过一定的方法来猜测理解。猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的试题。掌握正确方法快速而又准确地猜测出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。
该类题常见的考查形式有：
1. The phrase “…”in the sentence culd be replaced by ____.
2. The wrd “…” in the paragraph refers t ____.
3. What is the meaning f the underlined wrd in the paragraph? / What des the unlined wrd mean?
4. Which f the fllwing is the clsest in meaning t the phrase “…”?
5. The wrd “…” mst nearly means ____.
对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。
考点三
推理判断题
例如，由上下文的语境是解决词义猜测题的重要解题方法。划线词的意思往往是我们要猜测的意思。我们可以通过已知的上下文的词汇或者句子来猜测未知的意思。
推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。
提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。
这种问题的提问方式通常有：
1. Frm paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred frm the passage? / Frm the last paragraph we can infer that.
2. We can infer frm the text that…/ What can we learn frm…? / We can cnclude frm the passage that…
3. The last sentence f the first paragraph mst prbably implies that.
4. The authr implies that by the year 2080, .
5. T slve the present scial prblems the authr suggests that we shuld.
6. The authr mentins the fact that…t shw.
7. This passage wuld mst likely be fund in _________?
8. The authr’s attitude tward …is _________?
9. The tne f the passage can best be described as _________?
这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点：
1. 首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
2. 要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。
3. 要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。
4. 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。
考点四
主旨大意题
5. 在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。
高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。
在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下：
(1) What wuld be the best title fr the text? /What is the tpic f the text?
(2) The main tpic / subject f the passage is _________.
(3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme f this passage is…
(4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis n _________.
(5) What is mainly discussed in the text?
(6) What is the main idea f the passage?
(7) What’s the main pint the writer is trying t make in the last paragraph?
(8) The purpse f this passage is.
(9) Which f the fllwing statements is best supprted by the text?
(10) Which f the fllwing best summarized the passage?
(11) The passage mainly fcuses n.
从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。下面结合高考题实例来具体分析此类题目的解题技巧。
【技巧点拨】
文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。
但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句)。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。
Passage 1
1. If yu want t reduce yur back pain, yu can chse ________.
A. DDRB. Wii FitC. Anti-shesD. Zumba
2. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Yu can play “Wii Fit” games n a platfrm.
B. Zumba is t difficult fr the elderly t dance.
C. Playing games als has gd effects n health.
D. Zumba is a cmbinatin f many types f dance.
3. The target readers f the passage are thse wh ________.
A. are interested in hikingB. like trying new kinds f exercise
C. like playing vide gamesD. want t imprve dancing skills
Passage 2
Skating Schl
Welcme t Nrthwell Health Ice Center Skating Schl, the best skating schl n Lng Island. Our prgrams are fr all ages and levels; fr skaters wh simply want t skate fr fun r hpe t achieve the Olympic dream. Our caching staff(全体职工) includes natinal and internatinal caches. All f them are members f the Prfessinal Skaters Assciatin(职业花样滑冰协会) and are trying their best t prvide ur skaters with a safe and fun envirnment.
Belw yu will find detailed infrmatin t help yu have a fun and successful skating experience at Nrthwell Health Ice Center.
PROGRAM
Develped by Learn t Skate USA, ur prgrams include basic thrugh advanced levels.
ARRIVAL
Please try t arrive 15 minutes early. G t the grup class desk in the hall t check in.
SKATE RENTAL(租费)
Skate rentals are $5. 00.
ATTIRE (服装)
Prper attire is imprtant. The skating schl recmmends glves and a warm sweater. Please wear n snwsuits r ski jackets. Helmets are required and all skaters must prvide their wn.
PARENTS
Prfessinals are nt allwed t speak t parents during class time. If yu have a prblem, please speak t smene in the skating schl ffice, and they will be happy t help yu. Parents are NEVER allwed t step n the ice during grup lessns.
REFUNDS(退款)
There will be n refunds after registratin (注册).
MAKEUP CLASSES
Only ne makeup class is allwed and that class must be made up n a different day within the twelve-week classes.
Fr mre infrmatin, please call 516-441-0070 r cntact Valerie Murray at [email protected].
1. What d we knw abut the skating schl?
A. It accepts students f all ages.
B. It has a staff f all native caches.
C. It designs its wn skating prgrams.
D. It requires students t wear ski jackets.
2. Which f the fllwing is allwed?
A. Students’ ging t schl withut skates.
B. Students’ attending classes withut helmets.
C. Parents’ talking t caches during class time.
D. Parents’ stepping n the ice during class time.
3. Yu can cntact Valerie Murray when yu want t _______.
A. get refundsB. make up a class
C. ask fr the priceD. check in fr a grup class
Passage 3
Nahanni Natinal Park Best time: between June and August.
An adventure destinatin at the nrthern tip f the Earth and ne f the first Wrld Natural Heritage Sites, the park cvers an area f 4,700 square kilmeters. It is a vast, unexplred land, still preserving the riginal landscape f wilderness, muntains, canyns, and cliffs. Yu can nly get int the park by small plane!
Wd Buffal Natinal Park Best time: between January and March.
As its name suggests, the park is a prtected area fr wd bisn. Thusands f wd bisn(森林野牛) live in the park, and many peple cme fr them. It is the largest natinal park in the area and the secnd largest in the wrld, with 44,807 square kilmeters f land bigger than Switzerland, where animals can play.
Sambaa Deh Falls Territrial Park Best time: between August and September.
Sambaa Deh Falls is a must visit! The rapids rlling between the rcks, the huge mist and the lud rar(呼啸声) will take yur breath away. Up the waterfall, there is als the beautiful Cral Falls, and if Sambaa Deh is a majestic yung man, Cral Falls is a beautiful yung girl. Every year, a large number f cral fssils flw dwn the Cral Falls. Wuld yu like t pick ne up?
Ivvavik Natinal Park Best time: between July and August.
Stretching frm the British Muntains t the Arctic cast and ending with Alaska’s Brks Range, Ivvavik Natinal Park is a stunning expanse f muntainus district. Plus! The park als cntains many cultural sites f great significance t the Abriginal(土著) peple f the Nrth. Yu can find answers t yur abriginal curisity here.
1. Of the fllwing parks, which park can nly be reached by plane?
A. Nahanni Natinal Park.B. Ivvavik Natinal Park.
C. Sambaa Deh Falls Territrial Park.D. Wd Buffal Natinal Park.
2. What is the right time fr visiting Sambaa Deh Falls Territrial Park?
A. January.B. March.C. June.D. September.
3. What can visitrs d at Ivvavik Natinal Park?
A. They can enjy the beauty f the wilderness.
B. They can cllect cral fssils.
C. They can experience lcal culture.
D. They can watch the wd bisn.
Passage 4
One day, a sheep was enjying himself at the muntainside, while a wlf came ut f nwhere all f a sudden and intended t eat it. The sheep jumped away immediately and used his hrns t fight against the wlf, crying ut ludly t his friends fr help.
The hrse lked dwn and sptted the wlf, running away quickly. The dnkey stpped his pace and sptted the wlf, slipping away quietly. The pig passed by and saw the wlf, rushing dwn the muntain right away. The rabbit heard the vice f the wlf and dashing away swiftly. The dg heard the cries f the sheep and hurried t the muntainside, jumping ut f the bushes and biting the wlf’s neck. The wlf felt s painful that he cried miserably and escaped at nce.
After the sheep came back hme, all his friends visited him.
The hrse said, “Why nt tell me yu were in danger? My strng feet culd stamp his head brken.”
The dnkey said, “Why nt tell me yu were in danger? I culd shut him away with my hrrible vice!”
The pig said, “Why nt tell me yu were in danger? I culd use my big muth t crush him dwn the muntain.”
The rabbit said, “Why nt tell me yu were in danger? I am gd at running and culd ask thers t help.”
Amng all f them, nly the dg did nt say anything, but the sheep came t realize what was nature f friendship.
1. Hw did the sheep react when attacked by the wlf?
A. He intended t fight against the wlf and eat it.B. He used his hrns t fight against the wlf with his friends.
C. He ran away immediately and cried ut ludly.D. He struggled with the wlf and shuted fr help.
2. What des the underlined wrd “stamp” mean?
A. biteB. stepC. patD. drive
3. Accrding t the stry, the dg was ______.
A. helpful and brave.B. lyal and shy.C. smart and hnest.D. friendly and plite.
4. What des the stry tell us?
A. All are nt friends that speak us fair.B. A friend withut fault will never be fund.
C. A friend in need is a friend indeed.D. A friend t everybdy is a friend t nbdy.
Passage 5
Macie Semrau, a 6-year-ld girl frm Elit, Maine, seldm missed schl. S, when she refused t even get dressed ne day, her mther decided t allw her t stay hme with her father Kyle and her 4-year-ld brther Caleb. The family wuld later be extremely thankful that the little girl refused t leave after she fund her father passed ut in the basement.
After returning frm his night wrk, Kyle was feeling light-headed. He tld his wife Kate that he wuld be laying lw fr the day with their children. He finally made his way t the basement. Macie paid attentin t her father’s cnditin when she heard him shuting, and she and Caleb went t have a lk. Macie fund her 37-year-ld father was abut t lse awareness(意识). She asked him fr his phne’s passcde(密码) s she culd unlck it. After successfully pening his phne, she fund the lcal plice department’s number and called the plice.
Smith was flred by Macie’s decisin-making and her ability t stay calm. The little girl listed the family’s Gdwin Rad address while explaining that her father was in truble. In the meantime, Caleb cmfrted his father. Thanks t Macie and Caleb, he was sent t Wentwrth-Duglass Hspital, where he required fur liters f xygen(氧气) and spent three days recvering.
“I’m very lucky, bviusly because f my daughter and sn and the plice’s respnse” said Kate. “It was quick,” he added, mentining that the plice arrived just in tw minutes thanks t Macie’s call. “It was unbelievable. I was in tears myself,” he said.
The Elit Plice Department als praised the yung girl fr her quick thinking and strng awareness. Elit Plice Chief Ellit Mya praised the Semraus fr teaching their children abut awareness f their surrundings(环境) as well as cmmunicatin skills. Can yur child pen yur phne and call the plice? If nt, nw’s the time fr them t learn.
1. What d we knw abut Macie frm paragraph 1?
A. She was late fr class regularly.B. She went ff t schl almst every day.
C. She enjyed staying hme with her father.D. She liked t play with her brther at hme.
2. What did Macie think f first t help her father?
A. Hw t call fr help with her father’s phne.
B. Hw t give emergency treatment t her father.
C. Hw t send her father t hspital with her brther.
D. Hw t get her father’s phne t cnnect t the Internet.
3. Why did Kyle say he was lucky?
A. His daughter was wise t skip schl that day.
B. His kids and the plice’s respnse was immediate.
C. A pliceman happened t be there t cme t his help.
D. The plice department’s phne was nt busy that day.
4. We can infer that parents had better teach their kids t ________.
A. fit int their new surrundingsB. shw ff their cmmunicatin skills
C. remember the plice’s phne numberD. learn sme practical life skills earlier
Passage 6
Talking abut friends, I desire thse wh will share my happiness, wh have wings f their wn and wh will fly with me. I seek friends whse qualities illuminate(照亮) me and train me up fr lve. It is nly fr these peple that I reserve(保留) the glwing hurs.
When I was in the eighth grade, I had a friend. We were shy and “t serius” abut ur studies when it was becming fashinable with ur classmates t learn acceptable scial behavirs. We said little at schl, but she wuld cme t my huse and we wuld sit quietly tgether and write separate pems r stries abut different tpics (主题). Then we wuld read them alud. At the end f that schl year, we, t, were changing int scial creatures (生物) and the stries and pems stpped.
When I lived fr a time in Lndn, I had a friend. He was in despair(绝望) and I was in despair. But ur friendship was based n the idea in each f us that we wuld be srry later if we did nt explre this great city because we had felt bad at that time. We met every Sunday fr five weeks and fund many excellent things. We walked until ur despairs disappeared and then we parted. We gave Lndn t each ther.
Fr almst fur years I have had a remarkable pen friend whse imaginatin illuminates mine. We write lng letters where we ften discver ur strangest selves. Each f us appears, smetimes in a funny way, in the ther’s dreams. She and I agree that, at certain times, we seem t be parts f the same mind. In my mst interesting mments, I ften think, “Yes, I must tell...”, thugh we have never met.
It is such cmfrting cmpanins I wish t keep. One bright hur with their kindness is wrth mre t me than the lifetime services f many cmmn peple, wh will nly fill up thse darkest mments when I wuld rather be my wn best friend.
1. Which ne is nt the authr’s cncern when chsing a friend?
A. Sharing the happiness.B. Having gd lks.
C. Flying with the authr.D. Training the authr up fr lve.
2. What des the underlined wrds “the stries and pems stpped” mean?
A. The friendship stpped.B. The writing activity stpped.
C. The authr didn’t want t write.D. The authr left schl.
3. The authr wuld prefer t __________ in the darkest mments.
A. ask fr prfessinal helpB. read a pem
C. stay alneD. visit turist attractins
4. What can yu learn frm the passage?
A. The quality f friends is mre imprtant than quantity(数量).
B. One shuld have a friend wh can visit Lndn tgether.
C. Only a persn wh is gd at writing can be a gd friend.
D. Gd friends shuld shw up in each ther’s dreams.
Passage 7
A few years ag, I std in a small classrm, watching a high schler named Serena Stevensn answer math questins. An instructr read ut numbers-7447,7089,9842, and Stevensn added them in her head. Fr each questin, she clsed her eyes, and then the fingers f her right hand began t mve. She answered mst f the prblems crrectly.
The key t her success was an ancient technlgy called the abacus(算盘). Fr much f that evening, Stevensn used a practice called “mental abacus”, imagining the abacus in her mind and then using her fingers t wrk thrugh the prblem.
Frm watching Stevensn, I knew that gaining skills n the abacus was mre than a matter f cunting beads (珠子), s I decided t sign up fr an abacus curse with my tw daughters t see if we culd als imprve ur math skills. I was ne f the many wh harbred sme math dubts and I felt a tuch f fear f math. My usual slutin was avidance, and if I had t figure ut smething like percentage change, I wuld g nline.
Then after a few abacus classes and a gd amunt f practice, math seemed a little less frightening. I hadn’t becme Euclid. But the practice brught my fear f math dwn a level. This is a lng-prved pwer f the abacus. Cnfidence grws easily n the device, and abacus students are less likely t be nervus abut an upcming math test, accrding t ne study. Part f the reasn, it seems, is that practice and utcmes appear t mve in step, with hard wrk related highly t perfrmance.
My kids had gained sme math cnfidence as well. My yungest daughter wuld beam bradly after getting a math prblem crrect, while my lder child brught her abacus t schl t shw t her classmates and teacher. These were small successes. But that’s hw they ultimately develp cnfidence.
1. What is the main purpse f the first paragraph?
A. T prve the difficulty f math.B. T intrduce the tpic f the abacus.
C. T shw the intelligence f Stevensn.D. T recmmend teaching abacus in schls.
2. What can we infer abut the authr frm paragraph 3?
A. He was nt gd at math.B. He had n interest in the abacus.
C. He regarded math as really useful.D. He learned mental abacus frm Stevensn.
3. What des the authr realize frm his learning experience?
A. The ld methds hardly wrk tday.B. The simplest way is the best way.
C. It pays t put thery int practice.D. Practice makes perfect.
4. What des the underlined wrd “beam” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Smile.B. Reflect.C. Explre.D. Agree.
Passage 8
Mst peple tend t take a high-pitched(声调高的), sing-sng tne when speaking t animals and human babies. Althugh the research befre has suggested that such “baby talk” is mre likely t catch dgs’ attentin, less was knwn abut hw cats react t being spken t in this way.
T find ut the truth, Charltte de Muzn and her team members watched hw 16 cats respnded t hearing pre-recrded sentences spken by their wner r a stranger, by recrding changes in their behaviur, such as mving their ears r tails, r suddenly stpping what they were ding — any f which culd shw that a sund had caught their attentin.
They fund that the cats ften made n respnse t hearing a stranger’s vice calling their name, but when their wner did it, 10 f the 16 cats shwed a series f behavirs suggesting increased attentin. Cats als shwed mre signs f interest when they heard their wner speaking sentences in a tne usually used t talk t their cats - but nt when a stranger used this tne, r when their wner spke the same sentence as if talking t a fellw adult human.
“Fr a lng time it has been thught that cats are very independent animals, nly interested in humans fr fd and shelter (庇护),” de Muzn said. “But ur research supprts the idea that they are attached. It brings further evidence t encurage humans t cnsider cats as sensitive and cmmunicative individuals,” she added. “The fact that, in return, cats shw a greater reactin when their humans specifically address them brings a new dimensin t previus cnsideratins f this interactive relatinship.”
Cnsidering these findings, de Muzn said cat wners shuldn’t feel shy abut the way they speak t their pets. “I als talk t my tw cats as if they were children and they d respnd,” she said. “Peple may be shy abut admitting this, but I think it can help t strengthen the bnd between cats and their wners. They knw that we are giving them attentin.”
1. Hw did de Muzn’s team carry ut their study?
A. By recrding the sunds that caught cats’ attentin.
B. By listing the causes f cats’changes in behavirs .
C. By watching the reactin f cats t different recrdings.
D. By studying the interactin between cats and their wners.
2. What can be learned abut mst cats in the study?
A. They liked hearing peple calling their name.
B. They were able t tell their wner’s vice frm a stranger’s.
C. They had a greater reactin when their wner talked t ther cats.
D. They shwed mre interest when a stranger imitated their wner’s tne.
3. What d de Muzn’s wrds in paragraph 4 indicate?
A. Cats aren’t as independent as believed.B. Cats aren’t eager t please their wners.
C. Cats see their wners as a fd prvider.D. Cats are sensitive and like interacting with peple.
4. What did de Muzn encurage cat wners t d?
A. Give mre attentin t their cats.B. Treat their cats like their children.
C. Admit that they are a cat persn.D. Talk t their cats using baby talk.
Passage 9
Cnflict(冲突) between parents and children is nrmal. It is part f family life. But cnflict that ges n fr a lng time and gets wrse ver time can cause stress and can hurt relatinships. It is imprtant t cmmunicate with each ther and bring cnflict t a peaceful slutin. Yu can d this thrugh cmprmise(让步) r by agreeing t disagree. N matter what else yu d, cmmunicate with yur children and make sure they knw that yu lve them. This can make dealing with cnflict easier and mre effective.
In sme cases, yu may have t change yur behaviur t settle a cnflict with yur child. Sme f yur child’s behaviur may be a reactin t yur behaviur. S, if yu want yur child t behave in a certain way, ne way may be t change yur behaviur s that yur child will fllw yur mdel.
But children shuld be respnsible fr their wn actins — and the results. All parents want t prtect their children. But in sme cases, unless the child is in physical danger, it may be best t let the child deal with the negative results f things they d.
Cllabrate(合作) t develp specific rules and write them dwn. These may include statements such as hw much time they can spend n electrnics, and when hmewrk must be cmpleted. Nt nly are yu mdeling fr yur kids hw t wrk tgether and reslve differences, but yu als are wrking ut imprtant guidelines fr hw yur huse will perate.
Have clear results fr miscnduct. Thus, if yur child disbeys the rules, make it clear that the right t use the ty will be taken away because f his inability t play with it respnsibly. Additinally, create rutines s that they knw when they have free time t themselves after they have cmpleted tasks set ut fr them. These culd include helping feed the family pet, taking a shwer, r finishing hmewrk.
1. What’s the key t slving the cnflict between parents and children?
A. Advising children t give in.B. Changing behavir.
C. Reaching an understanding.D. Develping rules.
2. Why d parents need t change their behavir first in the cnflict?
A. T cmprmise with their children.
B. T be respnsible fr their actins.
C. T find a reasn t punish children.
D. T set a gd example fr children.
3. What shuld parents d if the child causes smething bad t happen?
A. Teach him hw t slve it.
B. Handle the situatin fr him.
C. Let him deal with it himself.
D. Share the slutins with him.
4. What des the underlined wrd “miscnduct” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Imprper behavir.B. Strict rules.
C. Gd perfrmances.D. Frank wrds.
Passage 10
A small study ut f Skidmre Cllege examined the advantages f mrning vs, evening exercise fr bth wmen and men. Paul, prfessr fr health at Skidmre, led the study.
“We had the grups divided int evening and mrning grups,” he says. “We fund wmen and men answered differently t different types f exercise depending n the time f the day, which surprised us.”
The study shwed that fr wmen wh want t lwer bld pressure(血压), the risk f heart disease r reduce fat, mrning exercise wrks best. Thse wmen hping fr upper bdy muscle(肌肉) gains r md(心情) imprvement shuld cnsider evening exercise. Fr the men, the findings were smewhat different: Evening exercise lwers bld pressure, the risk f heart disease, and feelings f tiredness. But similar t wmen, they burn mre fat with mrning exercise.
“Fr many peple, the best time t exercise will depend n their chrntype,” says Heisz, authr f Mve the Bdy, Heal the Mind.
“Chrntype is yur bdy’s natural habit t sleep at a certain time—it’s what decides whether yu’re a night wl r an early bird. Fr the 25% f the ppulatin that cnsiders themselves a night wl, getting bth enugh sleep and enugh exercise can be difficult,” adds Heisz.
He cntinues, “Sleep—which prvides yur bdy the necessary time t recver(恢复) and make gains frm exercise—shuld always be the first chice. When it cmes t exercise, regardless f research n the advantages f certain exercises at particular times f the day, yur results will nt be gd if it desn’t allw enugh time fr sleep.”
1. What can wmen get by ding evening exercise accrding t the study?
A. A fat lss.
B. A gd md.
C. A lwer bld pressure.
D. A smaller risk f heart disease.
2. What des the authr intend t d in paragraph 5?
A. Give an example.B. Tell the difference.
C. D an experiment.D. Explain a term.
3. What des Heisz think is imprtant t achieve gd results f exercise?
A. Enugh sleep.B. Lw-fat fd.
C. Plenty f water.D. Lts f exercise.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. A Night Owl r An Early Bird
B. Why Fitness Plan Being Imprtant
C. Hw t Change Yur Exercise Time
D. The Best Time f a Day t Exercise
Passage 11
IT’S A TYPICAL mrning: yu wake up, take a shwer, brush yur teeth, and then prick(刺;扎) yur arm with a tiny needle. Wait, what? Unless yu have a serius disease such as diabetes, yu prbably haven’t ever tested yur wn bld. But in the future, that might change.
The cmpany Cr already sells a system fr hme bld testing. Yu stick yur arm using a suppsedly painless, ne-ff, bld-drawing cartridge(针筒) abut the size f a lipstick. Then yu stick the cartridge int a device (装置) that lks like the base fr an electric tthbrush. A few minutes later, an app n yur phne buzzes with updated infrmatin, including yur current health data(数据) and tips n what t eat and hw t exercise during the day.
It’s true that bld cntains a wealth f infrmatin abut a persn’s health. Bld tests can shw if a persn is infected with a disease r at risk fr a variety f prblems, including a heart attack r a strke. But mst peple dn’t test their wn bld until a dctr says it’s time. Healthy yung adults get regular bld tests abut every five years. These tests happen at a lab, where a technician r a nurse sticks a lng needle int the arm t draw ut several tubes full f bld. Cr and similar cmpanies, such as Wellness FX, are trying t change all that. They think peple deserve access t mre infrmatin abut their wn health.
But nt everyne is cnvinced that regular bld testing fr health y peple is a great idea. Cr’s system is expensive and may nt ffer much benefit. “The lightest result here is that yu lse yur mney and then yu’re reminded t get mre sleep and t eat mre fruits, vegetables, and fish,” Pieter Chen f Harvard Medical Schl tld the New Yrk Times. “The wrst result is that yu end up getting frightened by prbably abnrmal results that are actually cmpletely nrmal fr yu.”
Plus, the results f a hme bld test might be wrng. It’s hard t get accurate results frm a tiny amunt f bld. S what d yu think? Is mnitring yur wn health via pinpricks the way f the future? Or is it better t leave bld testing t medical prfessinals?
1. Why des the authr mentin the typical mrning in the first paragraph?
A. T explain a scene.B. T prvide an example.
C. T make a cmparisn.D. T intrduce the tpic.
2. What can we learn abut the cmpany Cr’s bld-testing system?
A. It is painless and cheap t use.
B. It has wn ppularity amng peple.
C. It may give advice n ur diet accrding t the health data.
D. It ffers accurate health infrmatin abut ur bdy
3. What’s Pieter Chen’s attitude twards this kind f system?
A. Negative.B. Unclear.C. Supprtive.D. Objective.
4. Which f the fllwing culd be the best title fr the text?
A. Hme bld testing: yur health mnitr!
B. Hme bld tests: yes r n?
C. A new system f imprving yur health.
D. Shuld bld tests be allwed at hme?
Passage 12
This is nt a diet. It’s a simple way t lse weight. Yu dn’t have t give up the fd yu lve r jin a gym. Yu just fllw sme habits thin peple have. Keep them, and yu’ll becme thin.
◆Wake-up When yu wake up in the mrning, sit up slwly withut using yur hands. With legs straight ut, lean frward(前俯) until yu feel sre(酸痛的) in yur back. It will use up 10 calries.
◆Start with sup Order a clear sup, and have it befre the main fd. In this way, yu’ll feel fuller, s yu’ll eat less when the main fd cmes.
◆An apple r mre a day Apples are full f fiber(纤维) and water, s yur stmach will want less. Studies shw that peple wh eat at least three apples r pears a day may lse weight.
◆Talk it up Every time yu use the cell phne, stand up and walk arund. Heavy peple sit n average tw and a half hurs mre each day than thin peple. This skill is very imprtant as standing up and walking arund will burn up 50 r mre calries.
Use these skills, and yu will have a big weight lss.
1. The text is t encurage yu t ______.
A. g n a dietB. fllw sme habits f thin peple
C. jin a gymD. give up yur favrite fds
2. Which f the fllwing ways is a gd chice t becme thin?
A. Sit up quickly in the mrning.B. Sit dwn when using a cell phne.
C. Eat rice instead f apples.D. Have sup befre the main fd.
3. Hw many skills are there in the text fr peple t lse weight?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Five.D. Fur
4. The text is mst likely t be read ______.
A. n a mapB. in a dictinaryC. in a stry-bkD. in a magazine
Passage 13
Fatima Bushin was lsing her sight and was scared. She said what wrried her mst wasn’t the fear f a lng, painful jurney t blindness. She feared being unable t feed her family because blindness wuld keep her frm wrking, as mthers d. The tragedy is that Bushin’s cnditin was preventable and, if caught in time, stppable. She was amng thusands f wmen in Tanzania wh suffered frm trachma(沙眼), an infectius disease affecting largely pr cmmunities in develping cuntries. Trachma is ne f neglected trpical diseases, r NTDs, s named because they receive less attentin than ther trpical diseases.
All NTDs can be cntrlled r cured entirely with knwn public health appraches and interventins. Imprved sanitatin(环境卫生), medicines and medical prcedures have prduced truly remarkable results in preventing and cntrlling NTDs, including trachma, in sme f the wrld’s prest cmmunities. Preventing, cntrlling and curing these diseases puts ut pverty’s fire at its base.
We knw it can be dne. Thrugh lng-term effrts, several f these NTDs have been stamped ut in sme cuntries such as Las. T wipe ut extreme pverty arund the wrld. many cuntries cntinue t invest in what is ne f the mst successful freign assistance prgrams. Fr example, U.S. Agency fr Internatinal Develpment prgrams t cmbat NTDs have reached nearly 300 millin peple affected by diseases that can spil the patients’ appearance r weaken the patients physically.
Fr Bushin, the stry ends well. Thrugh freign assistance prgram, she was able t lave the surgery needed t treat trachma and save her eyesight. The surgery is relatively simple, perfrmed in an hur at an utpatient clinic, and csts less than $300. In return, Bushin avided a lifelng disability that wuld have recndemned her family t pverty with little hpe fr escape.
Jan. 30 marks the Wrld NTD Day, a day that glbal public health experts say is needed t fcus attentin n the fight against trpical diseases. The success f the glbal fight against NTDs is gd news fr millins f peple. It has been life-changing fr a mther in Tanzania wh cntinues t be able t prvide fr her family thanks t the cnstant effrts being made that kept her family ut f pverty by saving her eyesight.
1. What was the greatest cncern f Bushin?
A. The pssible lss f her eyesight.
B. The slim chance f getting rid f pverty.
C. The ptential inability t supprt her family.
D. The deliberate neglect f her by her parents.
2. What des the underlined part “stamped ut” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Caught.B. Remved.C. Tracked.D. Analyzed.
3. In what tne des the authr describe the treatment f NTDs?
A. Critical.B. Regretful.C. Humrus.D. Psitive.
4. What can we infer frm the text?
A. NTDs culd be cured earlier than expected.
B. Pverty and disease tend t be largely cnnected.
C. Infectius diseases will be the biggest glbal issue.
D. Internatinal cperatin is a must fr treating a disease.
Passage 14
Sme earlier studies had fund n clear clr preference amng msquites. One study fund they prefer blue, anther that they prefer yellw-green. What shuld peple make f such cnflicting results?
The apparent clr f an bject desn’t just depend n the wavelengths f light it gives ff, Claire Rusch explains, wh studies msquites fr years. It als can be affected by the brightness f that light and its cntrast against surrunding clrs. Humans see an bject’s clr largely in terms f the wavelengths f light it gives ff. But ther creatures’ eyes may be mre sensitive t cntrast r brightness. “We needed t cntrl all f thse variables t really be sure a msquit’s preferences came frm the wavelength f the bject,” Rusch says.
T d this, she designed a test chamber(室) that was 450 msquit-bdy-lengths lng in her experiment. Lined with cameras, it recrded the insects’ flight patterns. Tw small clred disks laid n the flr f the chamber.
Since the researchers wanted t knw if msquites were attracted t certain clrs, the disks culdn't be the darkest r brightest bjects in the chamber. Otherwise, it wuld be unclear if the msquites were attracted t the disks’ clr, cntrast r brightness. S, the researchers prjected a chessbard pattern nt the flr f the chamber and gray alng the walls. That way, if the msquites went t the clred disks, it culd nly be due t the disks’ clr.
The researchers released abut 50 starved msquites int the chamber at a time. Because msquites dn't start hunting until they’ve sensed CO2, s the team sprayed(喷) CO2 inside the chamber. They fund befre CO2 was sprayed, the msquites ignred all the clred disks. With CO2, msquites ignred any disk that was green, blue r purple. But the insects did fly tward disks that were red, range r light blue. They seemed t especially like red.
T further investigate that, the team placed disks with different skin tnes. But the msquites didn't seem t prefer any particular skin clrs. All were equally attractive.
1. What can be inferred abut msquites frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. The wavelengths determine the clr f an bject.
B. The backgrund clr affects msquites’ eyesight.
C. Msquites’ eyes are nt sensitive t clr cntrast.
D. Testing their clr preference is nt s easy.
2. What might affect the result f the experiment?
A. The length f the chamber.B. The number f msquites.
C. The brightness f the disks.D. The pattern f the chessbard.
3. Why is CO2 used in the experiment?
A. T take clearer phts f msquites.B. T stimulate msquites t lk fr fd.
C. T slw dwn the speed f msquites.D. T raise the temperature in the chamber.
4. What can be Rusch’s research finding?
A. Cl clrs can drive msquites away.
B. Skin clrs are msquites’ favrite.
C. Peple in red may attract mst msquites.
D. All clrs are equally attractive t msquites.
Passage 15
T snack r nt t snack? That is the questin fr dctrs and fr yu, as yu try t decide what t d abut yur hungry stmach when it’s nwhere clse t mealtime. The shrt answer is: I have the snack.
Can snacking help yu drp a few punds? Yes. A smart snack can prevent the kind f unhealthy ver-eating that cmes frm extreme hunger. “Yur bdy is always talking t yu — yu just have t listen,” said medicine specialist Rbert Graham. “S if yu’re starting t feel a bit hungry, dn’t wait.” But yu can’t grab any ld snack. Chips and ckies bst yur bld sugar quickly, which leads t the sugar crash. Instead, try nuts and fruits.
Snacking is a way t add a variety f nutrients(营养) t yur diet. Maya Feller, a registered dietitian nutritinist, says yu can’t g wrng with a handful f mixed nuts, which can help yur heart. Snacking n prtein-rich fds helps t keep yur muscle strng and staminal. The bdy can absrb nly a limited amunt f prtein per meal, s distributing prtein thrughut the day via snacking can maximize prtein intake.
If yu’ve ever been unhappy with smene when yu were hungry, yu knw that fd can influence yur md. Snacking helps yu avid that psitin, resulting in fewer md swings and better fcus. Sme studies have shwn that healthy snacking may als imprve memry and cgnitive perfrmance and help with mental health issues such as anxiety and depressin. If yu wait t lng t eat between meals, yur bdy thinks it’s starving and releases the stress hrmne t remind yu, which can prduce negative mds. In additin t drinking water, snacking n fresh fruits can help yur brain.
There are different ways t g abut(处理) this whle snacking things. Chse a healthy, filling ptin in an apprpriate size, and the benefits dn’t stp at weight lss and imprved health; yur general apprach t life might be affected. When yu snack mindfully, it’s easier t take a deep breath, fcus n exactly what yu’re eating at that mment, and enjy the day arund yu t.
1. Hw des the authr develp the secnd paragraph?
A. By listing numbers.B. By using metaphr.
C. By using parallel structures.D. By giving examples.
2. What is clsest in meaning t “staminal” in paragraph 3 ?
A. Extreme.B. Stressed.C. Material.D. Energetic.
3. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. We shuld have the snack instead f main meals.
B. Nuts and fruits may cntribute t gaining weight.
C. Gd snack can help peple lse weight and imprve health.
D. Snacking n ckies and chips can help with depressin and anxiety.
4. In which clumn f a magazine can yu mst prbably find this article?
A. Fitness.B. Histrical stries.
C. Culture and custms.D. Traffic and hlidays.Exergaming
Exergaming is made up f exercise with vide games. And there are lts t chse frm. Dance Dance Revlutin (DDR) is a fun way t wrk ut. Simply stand n a platfrm and hit the clured targets with yur feet as yu fllw the instructins n the screen. Yu scre pints by hitting the right target at the right time. As the tagline(标语) says, “Taking dancing t a whle new level!” Fr a gentler frm f exercise, try the “Wii Fit” series f games. Yu can d yga, strength training and s n when standing n a balance bard. Persnalise yur wrkut, r exercise with a friend, cmpeting in games!
Anti-shes
Anti-shes are designed t exercise parts f yur bdy while yu’re walking. They’re meant t imprve yur figure, and strengthen yur leg and back muscles. The shes were invented by Swiss engineer Karl Maller. He discvered that the Kenyan Masai tribespeple (wh ften walk bareft) dn’t suffer frm back pain and are famus fr their perfect figure. S, he decided that the answer was a she with a curved sle(弯曲的鞋底). Walking n this type f she is similar t the rcking mve f a ft walking n sft sand r grass.
Zumba
Zumba is a fun frm f exercise. As their tagline says, “Drp the wrkut, jin the party!” Zumba is a Latin-inspired fitness dance prgramme that uses hip-hp, samba, martial arts and belly dance mves t get yu in shape. It was created by accident when a trainer frgt his exercise CD and used his wn samba music instead. There are lts f different types f classes fr all levels, including “Zumbatmic” fr children aged 4 t 12, “Zumba Gld” fr lder participants, and “Aqua Zumba” amng many thers.