高中英语基础语法汇编 chapter 1 八大基本句型 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项（全国通用）

这是一份高中英语基础语法汇编 chapter 1 八大基本句型 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项（全国通用），共13页。学案主要包含了主语+谓语，主语+系动词+表语，主语+谓语+宾语，主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语，主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语，主谓状结构，主谓宾状结构，There be句型等内容，欢迎下载使用。
句型(Sentence Patterns), 即句子的结构类型, 包括构成句子的语词的不同类别、序列、搭配方式等。英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂, 但仔细观察不外乎八个基本句型。从这八个基本句型出发可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之, 绝大多数英语句子都是由这八个基本句型生成的。掌握好这八个基本句型, 就可以为运用英语这门语言打下良好的基础。这八种基本句型分别为主语+谓语(SV), 主语+系动词+表语(SVP), 主语+谓语+宾语(SVO), 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVO), 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC), 主谓状结构（S + V + Adverbial），主谓宾状结构（S + V + O + Adverbial），There be句型。
第二节 八种基本句型的内涵
一、主语+谓语(SV)
在“主语+谓语”句型中, 谓语动词为不及物动词或者是不及物动词词组。例如：
The by runs very fast.
The sun is rising frm the tp f the hill.
I'll try again.
Did yu sleep well last night?
Unfrtunately, the engine f ur car brke dwn.
二、主语+系动词+表语(SVP)
在“主语+系动词+表语”句型中, 除了系动词be之外, 还有一些动词可以充当系动词, 例如, 表示状态的系动词：appear, seem, keep, remain, stay, prve, cntinue, stand等；表示感觉的系动词：lk, feel, smell, sund, taste等；表示转变的系动词：becme, fall, get, g, grw, turn等。例如：
My grandmther is still in gd health.
The mst imprtant thing fr us t d nw is t decide when t leave.
She appears yunger than her age.
The weather cntinued fine.
He lks much happy tday.
It sunds interesting t g cycling arund the cuntryside.
He became mad after that.
His brther grew rich within a shrt time.
Seeing is believing.
三、主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)
(1)谓语动词为及物动词。例如：
He sld his huse in the cuntryside and mved his family t the city.
Many peple believe that exercise can help peple keep fit.
He smiled a strange smile.
Smetimes I can't express myself in English.
The little by really enjys reading in the sun.
I really dn't knw what we are ging t d next.
(2)谓语动词后面跟不定式作宾语。例如：
We can't affrd t pay such a high price.
He decided t mve t Chicag.
The Custms fficer demanded t see my passprt.
We tried t kill tw birds with ne stne.
She liked t dance n the stage.
(3)谓语动词后面用“连接副(代)词+不定式”作宾语。例如：
I didn't knw hw t get t the subway statin.
I frgt what t say.
Yu shuld learn hw t be patient.
Many students wndered where t apply fr jbs.
(4)谓语动词后面用动名词作宾语。例如：
The gvernment fficial avided answering ur questins.
Wuld yu mind waiting a minute?
The yung man kept lking at the beautiful girl.
It has stpped raining.
(5)有些谓语动词既可跟不定式, 也可跟动名词作宾语, 但两者意思差别不大。例如：
What d yu prpse ding/t d next?
It started raining/t rain.
(6)有些谓语动词既可跟不定式, 也可跟动名词作宾语, 但意义不同。
①动词frget, remember, regret 等接不定式时, 表示非谓语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之后；接动名词作宾语时, 表示非谓语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之前。例如：
I frgt t tell yu abut it.
我忘记告诉你那件事了。
I remembered giving the mney t him, but he said I didn't.
我记得我把钱给他了, 但是他说我没有给。
另外, 动词frget, remember, regret等接动名词的完成式或不定式的完成式作宾语时, 意义相同。例如：
I regretted t have brken the rules f ur class.
=I regretted having brken the rules f ur class.
我后悔违反了班规。
②mean接不定式作宾语时, 表示一种意图, 意思是“打算做, 想要做”；接动名词作宾语时, 表示解释, 意思是“意味着, 意思是”。例如：
I didn't mean t hurt yur feeling.
我本不想伤害你的感情。
What he said means ging there n ft.
他的意思是走着去那儿。
③try接不定式作宾语时, 表示一种决心, 意思是“设法做, 尽力做”；接动名词作宾语时, 表示尝试, 意思是“试着做”。例如：
I'll try t catch up with my class.
我将尽力赶上同学们。
I tried reading the nvel withut cnsulting my dictinary.
我试着不查词典来阅读这本小说。
④need, require, want, deserve后接不定式或动名词时表示的语态不同。need, require, want, deserve 等表示“需要”, 后接另一动词作宾语时, 该动词用不定式或动名词均可。但是其语态不同, 即动名词用主动形式表示被动意义, 而不定式则用被动形式表示被动意义。例如：
The flwers need watering every day.
=The flwers need t be watered every day.
花儿需要每天浇水。
注意：若 need, require, want后接动词为句子主语所发出的动作, 则只能用不定式, 不能用动名词。例如：
He needs t water the flwers every day.
他需要每天给花浇水。
⑤can't help后接不定式时, 意思是“不能帮忙做某事”；接动名词作宾语时, 意思是“禁不住做某事, 情不自禁做某事”。例如：
I'm very busy nw, s I can't help(t)clean the huse.
我现在很忙, 因此不能帮助打扫房子。
The girl culdn't help crying when she saw her mther again.
当小女孩再次看到母亲时, 她情不自禁地哭了起来。
⑥stp接不定词作宾语时, 表示停下正在做的事以便去做另一件事；接动名词作宾语时表示停下正在做的事。例如：
The by was watching TV just nw.When he heard his father cme int the rm, he stpped t d his hmewrk.
刚刚男孩正在看电视。当听到他父亲走进房间时, 他马上停下来, 然后去做作业了。
The students stpped talking immediately when they saw the teacher cme in the classrm.
看见老师走进教室, 学生们立刻停止了讲话。
四、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVO)
在“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”句型中, 及物动词后跟双宾语, 即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。例如：
My Chinese teacher asked me a very difficult questin.
He gave me his address.
I'll shw yu arund my hmetwn when yu cme t see me.
The famus cmpany ffered him a well-paid jb.
My father tld me a white lie.
但若要先说出直接宾语(事物), 后说间接宾语(人), 则需要借助于介词t或fr。用t侧重于指动作的方向, 表示朝着、向着、对着某人；用fr侧重于指动作的受益者, 表示为了某人、替某人。
需借助t的动词有：bring, give, lend, hand, ffer, pass, pay, return, send, teach, tell, write, ask等；需借助fr的动词有：buy, call, ck, draw, find, get, make, rder, sing, save, spare等。例如：
He brught a cake t me.
My friend bught a cute dg fr me.
Please return the bag t its wner.
The ld sldier always tells stries abut the heres t the children in the Lng March.
Can yu rder sme drink fr me?
Her father bught a dictinary fr her as a birthday present.
五、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)
“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中的“宾语+补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份, 或者是表示让宾语去完成的动作等。在一个句子中担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。例如：
She wanted me t give her sme mney.(不定式)
I fund the beggar lying dead n the rad.(现在分词)
Many twns had their water supply cut ff because there was n electricity.(过去分词)
He pushed the dr pen.(形容词)
The parents named their baby“Mama.”(名词)
This left them withut a ray f hpe.(介词短语)
I wn't let yu in.(副词)
When he wke up, he fund himself being lked after by a kind ld wman.(现在分词的被动式)
Why did yu leave the light n?(副词)
六、主谓状结构（S + V + Adverbial）
特点：谓语动词是不及物动词，后面接状语（时间、地点、方式、原因等），用来修饰谓语动词，说明动作发生的背景。
例句：
- They played n the playgrund.（他们在操场上玩。）
主语（They）+ 谓语（played）+ 状语（n the playgrund，地点状语），说明动作发生的地点。
- He studies hard every day.（他每天努力学习。）
主语（He）+ 谓语（studies）+ 状语（hard，方式状语；every day，时间状语），修饰动作的方式和频率。
七、主谓宾状结构（S + V + O + Adverbial）
特点：在“主谓宾”结构的基础上，增加一个状语，用来修饰谓语动词，说明动作的背景（时间、地点、方式等）。
例句：
- She reads bks in the library.（她在图书馆看书。）
主语（She）+ 谓语（reads）+ 宾语（bks）+ 状语（in the library，地点状语），说明“看书”的地点。
- He finished his wrk quickly.（他快速地完成了工作。）
主语（He）+ 谓语（finished）+ 宾语（his wrk）+ 状语（quickly，方式状语），修饰“完成”的速度。
八、There be句型
1.There be句型的概念
There be句型由“there+be+主语+状语”构成, 用以表达某种存在关系, 可以称为“……有……”句型。There be句型其实是倒装的一种情况, 主语位于谓语动词be 之后, there 仅为引导词, 并无实际语意。有时, 此句型不用be 动词, 而用appear, live, stand, cme, g, lie, remain, exist, arrive等动词。例如：
There stands a big tree in the middle f the park.
Once upn a time there lived an ld king in the twn.
There appears t be n dubt abut it.
There lies a muntain behind ur cllege.
There exist many ancient temples in the cuntry.
2.There be句型的时态与情态变化
在There be句型中, be与其后的主语在人称和数量上保持一致, 且有时态和情态的变化。
(1)there is/are, 表示现在有。
There is a cherry tree in the garden.
There are tw men waiting utside the rm.
(2)there was/were, 表示过去有。
There was n ne waiting fr us.
There were t many peple in the park yesterday.
(3)there will be、there is/are ging t be, 表示将来有。
There will be a huge crwd at the New Year's Eve party, wn't there?
There is ging t be a ftball game in the afternn.
(4)there has/have been, 表示现在已经有。
There has been a small church in the twn.
There have been many such accidents here.
(5)there might be, 表示可能有。
There might be smething wrng with yur televisin.
(6)there must be/there must have been, 表示肯定有。
There must be a reasn fr his weird behavir.
There must have been an answer t the difficult questin.
(7)there used t be, 表示过去曾经有。
There used t be a library in this area.
(8)there seems/seem/seemed t be, 表示似乎有。
There seems t be a man sitting n that fence.
(9)there happen/happens/happened t be, 表示碰巧有。
There happened an ld friend in the bank wh helped me slve the prblem.
3.There be句型否定式的表达方式
there be句型的否定句有两种表达法：
(1)在be后面加nt。例如：
There isn't a man under the tree.
There are nt any bks n the table.
(2)通过n来表达, 此时的n相当于nt any。例如：
There is n milk in the bttle.=There isn't any milk in the bttle.
There are n pictures n the wall.=There aren't any pictures n the wall.
4.there be与have 的异同
(1)There be和have都可以表示“有”, 此时, 两者的用法可以相互转化。例如：
There are many beautiful huses in the ancient twn.
此句可转化为：
The ancient twn has many beautiful huses.
(2)there be 能用来表示“存在”, 侧重表达某地有某物, 而have没有此用法。例如：
There are sme trees in frnt f the huse.
此句不能转化为：
In frnt f the huse has sme trees.
5.there be句型的非谓语形式
(1)there being结构在句子中主要用作状语或是介词宾语。例如：
There being nthing t d, I went t sleep.
There being n taxi available, we had t walk hme.
What's the chance f there being an electin this year?
N ne wuld have dreamed f there being such a gd place.
(2)there t be结构用作动词宾语。能够使用该结构的动词不多, 常见的有like, prefer, hate, want, mean, intend, expect, cnsider等。例如：
I dn't want there t be any mre truble.
Students hate there t be t much hmewrk.
6.“there be+名词+非谓语动词”结构
在此结构中, 非谓语动词可以为现在分词、过去分词, 以及不定式形式。例如：
There are sme children playing ftball in the field.(现在分词)
There is a table standing against the wall.(现在分词)
There was nbdy injured in the car accident.(过去分词)
There is nthing written n it.(过去分词)
There was s much t lse that we culdn't take any risks.(不定式)
There was nbdy t ask fr help.(不定式)
7.“There is n+动名词”结构
(1)表示否定, 意思是“不可能……”“无法……”。例如：
There is n getting ver the difficulty.
这个困难无法克服。
There is n knwing what the bss will d next.
无法知道老板下一步要干什么。
(2)表示不允许。例如：
There is n phtgraphing here.
这里不允许拍照。
Srry, there is n smking in the waiting rm.
对不起, 等候室不允许吸烟。
8.“There is n+名词+in ding sth.”结构
例如：
There is n difficulty in finding his hme.
找到他家一点都不费劲。
There is n harm in yur cming early.
你早到没有害处。
There is n pint in wasting time.
浪费时间没有意义。
There is n sense in making him angry.
惹他生气是没有道理的。
There is n use in cmplaining.
发牢骚没用。