高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优质学案

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters优质学案，共14页。学案主要包含了词汇清单，短语清单等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、词汇清单
知识点1
1.affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
(1)be deeply/greatly affected by ... 被……深深打动
be affected with ... 染上……疾病
(2)shw/have/feel an affectin fr ... (非常)喜欢……
(3)have an effect/influence/impact n ... 对……有影响
2. ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced t ruins 沦为废墟
fall int ruin 败落
in ruins 毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪
(2)ruin neself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin ne's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉
3 .shck n．休克；打击；震惊；令人震惊的事 vt.(使)震惊
(1)in shck 震惊；吃惊
(2)shcked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shcked at/by 对……吃惊
be shcked t d sth 做某事很吃惊
(3)shcking adj. 令人震惊的
4 .bury vt.(buried, buried, burying)埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏
be buried in=bury neself in
(1)埋头于；专心于
(2)bury ne's face in ne's hands 双手掩面
5 .suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
(1)suffer a lt f pain 遭受巨大的痛苦
suffer severe damage 损失惨重
suffer frm 遭受；患病
(2)suffering n. 苦恼；让人痛苦的事
(3)sufferer n. 患难者；患病者
6 .survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过
(1)survive frm 从……幸存
survive n 依靠……生存下来
survive ... by ... 比……多活了……
(2)survivr n. 幸存者
(3)survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物
7 .strike vt.& vi.(struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；突然想起；
敲响 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
(1)be struck with/by 被……打动；被……侵袭
It strikes/hits/ccurs t sb that ... 某人突然想起……
(2)be n strike 在罢工
g n strike 举行罢工
8 .effect n．影响；结果；效果；效力
(1)take effect 生效；见效
cme int effect 生效
side effect 副作用
have an effect/influence/impact n/upn 对……产生影响
put ... int effect 实施；使……生效
(2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的
9.句型公式：“be ding sth when ...”，意为“正在做某事这时(突然)……”
when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意，
还用于以下三种句型：
①be abut t d ... when ... 正要做……突然……
②be n the pint f ding ... when ... 正要做……突然……
③had (just) dne ... when ... 刚做完……这时突然……
二、短语清单
重点短语
1. right away：立刻，马上
2. at an end：结束，终结
3. instead f：代替，而不是
4. tens f thusands f：数以万计的
5. as if：好像，仿佛
6. in ruins：严重受损，破败不堪
7. be trapped in：被困在……里
8. be buried in：埋头于，专心于
9. dig ut：掘出，发现
10. a great number f：大量的
11. give ut：分发；发出（光、热等）；用尽，耗尽
12. be prud f：为……骄傲，自豪
13. express ne's thanks t sb.：向某人表达感谢
14. judging frm：根据……判断
15. cme t an end：结束
16. be shcked at：对……感到震惊
17. rescue sb. frm...：从……中营救某人
18. cme/g t ne's rescue：来/去营救某人
19. be knwn fr：因……而出名
20. be knwn as：作为……而出名
21. have a great effect n：对……有很大影响
22. as usual：像往常一样
23. be prepared fr：为……做好准备
24. in the pen air：在户外，在露天
25. stay awake：醒着，保持清醒
26. put up：搭建；张贴；举起
27. give away：赠送；泄露
28. lse heart：灰心丧气
29. get alng with：与……相处；进展
30. be cncerned abut：关心，挂念
31. walk the dg：遛狗
32. g thrugh：经历；仔细检查；通过
33. set dwn：记下，放下
34. a series f：一系列的
35. n purpse：故意
36. in rder t：为了
37. at dusk：在黄昏时刻
38. face t face：面对面地
39. n lnger：不再
40. suffer frm：遭受，患病
41. recver frm：从……中恢复
42. get tired f：对……厌烦
43. pack up：打包，收拾（行李）
44. fall in lve with：爱上
45. jin in：参加，加入
46. shw cncern fr：关心，对……表示关注
47. make use f：利用
48. such as：例如
49. be based n：以……为基础
50. even if/thugh：即使，尽管
【经典练】
(一)词组填空,用所给短语的正确形式填空：
(trap in, deliver supplies, rescue frm, cause damage, prepare fr)
The team wrked day and night t __________ fd t the fld-hit villages.
Many peple were __________ the burning building by firefighters.
The hurricane __________ t thusands f huses alng the cast.
We must __________ the next strm by stcking up n water and fd.
Sme villagers are still __________ the muntains due t the landslide.
（二）翻译句子
6. 救援人员从废墟中救出了三名被困的儿童。（, trap）
7. 政府正在向灾区运送紧急物资。（deliver supplies, disaster-hit area）
8. 那场导致数百人死亡的地震发生在 2008 年。（which/that, cause）
语法清单
限制性定语从句
【精讲·语法知识】
1. 关系代词的用法
that：指人或物，作主语或宾语（可省略）。
例：The building that cllapsed in the earthquake was built in 1980.（作主语）
which：指物，作主语或宾语。
例：The rescuer wh saved the child was praised by the public.（作主语）
副词短语（Adverb Phrase）：修饰动词、形容词或副词。
例：They wrk at a sup kitchen every Wednesday.（状语）
whse：指人或物，作定语。
例：The family whse huse was destryed received help frm the gvernment.（作定语）
2.介词 + 关系代词
介词后只能用 which（指物）或 whm（指人）。
例：The expert with whm we discussed the disaster is a seismlgist.（with+whm）
3.注意事项
限制性定语从句不可用逗号分隔，去掉后会影响句子核心意思。
先行词为不定代词（如 all, anything）或被最高级修饰时，只能用 that。
例：This is the wrst disaster that I have ever experienced.
经典练
完成定语从句
1.The man __________ saved the child is a lcal her. (wh/that)
2. The earthquake __________ hit the city last year was magnitude 7.0. (which/that)
3. The vlunteers __________ we met helped rebuild the schl. (whm/that)
4. A tsunami is a wave __________ is caused by underwater earthquakes. (which/that)
5. The family __________ huse was destryed received financial help. (whse)
写作清单
灾难新闻报道与总结写作
【点拨·写作技巧】
（一）灾难新闻报道
1.写作结构：
标题：简洁概括事件（如 “Tsunami Hits Castal Areas, Causing Heavy Lsses”）。
导语：时间、地点、事件核心（5W 原则：When, Where, What, Wh, Why）。
主体：细节（伤亡人数、破坏程度、救援措施）。
结尾：未来展望或呼吁（如救援进展、国际援助）。
2.常用句型
A pwerful earthquake （事件发生）
It is reprted were killed （伤亡情况）
Rescue wrkers are wrking t...（救援行动）
The gvernment has （政府措施）
参考范文
TYPHON HAIYAN HITS PHILIPPINES
A severe typhn named Haiyan struck the Philippines n Nvember 8, 2013, causing widespread destructin and hundreds f deaths. The typhn, with winds exceeding 200 km/h, destryed thusands f hmes and left millins hmeless.
Accrding t lcal fficials, ver 6,000 peple were killed, and many mre were missing. Rescue teams frm arund the wrld rushed t the area, prviding fd, water, and medical supplies. The UN appealed fr internatinal aid t supprt the recvery effrts.
“We have lst everything, but we will rebuild,” said a survivr. The gvernment has launched a recnstructin plan, aiming t restre infrastructure within tw years.
（二）文本总结
1.写作要点：
提炼原文核心事件、原因、影响及结果。
省略细节和例子，保留关键数据和结论。
用自己的话转述，保持客观中立。
2.步骤指导：
通读全文，标记时间、地点、人物和事件。
划分段落主题，归纳每部分重点。
合并重复信息，删除次要细节。
用简洁语言连接要点，确保逻辑连贯。
参考范文（以唐山地震为例）：
In 1976, a pwerful earthquake struck Tangshan, China, destrying the city and killing ver 400,000 peple. Befre the quake, strange signs ccurred, such as well water rising and animals acting nervusly. The disaster left the city in ruins, but the army and vlunteers quickly respnded, rescuing trapped peple and prviding shelter.
With gvernment supprt, Tangshan was rebuilt, becming a symbl f resilience.
经典练
书面表达：写一篇关于 “汶川地震” 的新闻报道
内容包括：
时间、地点、震级
伤亡人数及破坏情况
救援行动及后续重建
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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模拟精练--定语从句
一、单项选择
1．Present at the meeting ________ crucial decisins abut the curriculum are being discussed is the prfessr as well as his students.
A．thatB．whereC．whseD．when
2．We cme t understand the delicate balance the envirnment exists (存在) in and what can, and must, be dne t prtect wetlands.
A．whenB．whereC．whatD．which
3．Peple rushed ver t help the man ________ car had brken dwn.
A．WhB．thatC．whseD．which
4．— Srry! I can’t remember the age ________ Alice wn the prize.
— 12-year-ld, I guess.
A．whenB．thatC．whereD．wh
5．There are many peple _______ believe that zs are cruel.
A．whichB．whC．whseD．what
6．She wants a jb ________ her management skills can be put t gd use.
A．whichB．whereC．thatD．when
7．We all like the teachers _______class is interesting and creative.
A．whB．whichC．thatD．whse
8．Is it the factry ________ this type f cars is prduced?
A．whereB．whenC．whyD．that
9．I dn’t knw the reasn _______ they are in favur f keeping animals in the z.
A．whenB．whereC．whyD．hw
10．They rushed ver t help the man_______car had brken dwn.
A．thatB．whC．whseD．because
11．I’ve becme gd friends with several f the students in my schl ________ I met in the English speech cntest last year.
A．whmB．whereC．whenD．which
12．Have yu seen the sunflwers________ are bught as presents fr yur Mther’s Day.
A．whB．whichC．whseD．as
13．Have yu ever been t the museum ______ a large number f famus il paintings are displayed?
A．whseB．whereC．thatD．which
14．This cafe has a relaxing, hmelike atmsphere ________ the majrity f ther cafes are shrt f.
A．whereB．whichC．whenD．as
15．The silence in the rm gave rise t a curius situatin ________ we were all at a lss what t d next.
A．whichB．whereC．thatD．why
16．The little prblems ________ we meet in ur daily lives may give us ideas fr great inventins.
A．whatB．whereC．whichD．whm
17．This is the third week the dustmen haven’t cme fr the rubbish.
A．thatB．whenC．whichD．n which
18．He’s gt himself int a dangerus situatin he is likely t lse cntrl ver the plane.
A．whereB．whichC．whileD．why
19．The students are preparing fr the exam in the library every evening seem t be very fcused.
A．whmB．thatC．thseD．they
20．The bk I brrwed frm the library last week, cntains numerus stries, is very interesting.
A．which; thatB．wh; whichC．that; whichD．which; where
21．This is the mst interesting way _________ I can cme up with t interact with the audience.
A．thatB．whC．whichD．hw
22．It was the reasn _________ Dr. Jhnsn avided discussing in his lecture _________ made the audience questin his research design.
A．why; thatB．which; whichC．which; thatD．that; which
23．He is ne f thse peple _________ everybdy will find _________ hard t please.
A．that; beingB．which; t beC．wh; isD．whm; /
24．Histric events infrm us f past mistakes _________ we can learn smething withut repeating them.
A．fr whmB．an whichC．with whmD．frm which
25．Was it in the library ______ he ften read bks ______ she met him?
A．where; thatB．where; whereC．that; whereD．that; that
26．— What d yu think f artificial intelligence, Alice?
— I find it amazing and revlutinary. It is a field __________ yu are cnstantly explring the bundaries f technlgy and pening up new wrlds.
A．whereB．whichC．whenD．that
27．The very $31 billin _________ Facebk Inc. is paying fr a smartphne applicatin made jaws drp, even in Silicn Valley.
A．whichB．whatC．thatD．whse
28．It was in the htel ________ he stayed _________ I met him this mrning .
A．that, thatB．that, whereC．which, thatD．where, that
29．This is the first bk __________ I have read this year.
A．thatB．whichC．whD．whse
30．He tld us the days he was yung were gne.
A．that; thatB．when; whenC．when; thatD．that; when
二、语法填空（用关系代词或关系副词填空）
31．The cmpany’s new train tp speed can reach 320 kilmeters per hur are already in service.
32．Exercise is smething lk gd, feel gd and be healthy.
33．The authr made a speech t us last week is a very famus ne.
34．The man jb is a lawyer lives in the apartment abve urs.
35．I still remember the day everything changed when a single phne call delivered the lng-awaited news f my dream jb ffer.
36．Eating junk fd is ne f the wrst things a persn can d t their health.
37．Yu must have had sme mments yu were disappinted. If s, hw did yu deal with them?
38．The Spring Festival is an ccasin Chinese peple are reunited with family members.
39．The nly thing we can d is t give him sme mney.
40．D yu knw the reasn she has changed her mind?
单词
I.基础单词
1．disaster n．灾难；灾害
2．slide vi.& vt.(slid, slid)(使)滑行；滑动
3．destry vt.摧毁；毁灭
4．shelter n．避难处；庇护 vt.保护vi.躲避
5．gas n．汽油；气体；燃气
6．percent n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中
7．tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n．水龙
8．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静
9．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资vi.& vt.帮助
10．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击n．撞车；碰撞
II.拓展单词
1．die v．死亡→dead adj.死的
→deadly adj.致命的→death n．死；死亡
2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
→affectin n．感情
shck n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克
vt.(使)震惊→shcking adj.令人震惊的→shcked adj.感到震惊的
electric adj.电的；用电的
→electrnic adj.电子的
→electricity n．电；电能
5．breath n．呼吸→breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
6．wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的→wisdm n．智慧；才智
7．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.受苦
→suffering n．受难；苦楚
→sufferer n．患难者；患病者
8．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存；生还
→survivr n．幸存者； 生还者
pwer n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
→pwerful adj.强大的；强壮的
→pwerless adj.无力的
deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达vt.发
→delivery n．投递；送交
lng adj.长的→length n．长；长度
→lengthen v．(使)变长
短语
1.动词短语
从…… 营救
trap in ruins 困在废墟中
deliver supplies 运送物资
dig ut 挖出；发掘
bury the dead 埋葬死者
prvide medical care 提供医疗救助
survive the disaster 在灾难中幸存
cause damage 造成破坏
2.名词短语
natural disaster 自然灾害
rescue wrker 救援人员
emergency supplies 应急物资
earthquake ruins 地震废墟
typhn warning 台风预警
fld-hit area 洪涝灾区
3.形容词 + 介词搭配
nervus abut 对…… 感到紧张
shcked at 对…… 感到震惊
trapped in 被困在……
prepared fr 为…… 做好准备
grateful fr 对…… 感激
熟词生义
熟词生义
1.affect
vt. 疾病侵袭
The cnditin affects ne in five wmen. 每五个妇女就有一个人患有这种病。
vt. 深深打动
They were deeply affected by the news f her death. 她死亡的消息使他们唏嘘不已。
2.damage
vt. 损害；破坏
The fire badly damaged the twn hall. 火灾使市政厅遭到严重破坏。
n. 损坏；损失
serius/severe/extensive/permanent/minr damage 重大的╱严重的╱大范围的╱永久性的╱轻微的损坏
n. 赔偿金
He was rdered t pay damages ttalling ￡30 000. 他被责令支付总额为3万英镑的损害赔偿金。
3.wave
n. 海浪；波浪
Huge waves were breaking n the shre. 巨浪拍打着海岸。
n. 挥手；招手
He gave us a wave as the bus drve ff. 公共汽车开走时他向我们挥了挥手。
vi. & vt. 挥手；招手
The peple n the bus waved and we waved back. 公共汽车上的人挥手致意，我们也向他们挥手。
vt. 挥舞
Crwds lined the rute, waving flags and cheering. 人群沿路线排成行，挥舞着旗子欢呼。
4.crash
vt. & vi. 碰撞；撞击
He crashed his car int a wall. 他的汽车撞到了墙上。
n. 撞车；碰撞 a car/plane crash 汽车撞车事故；飞机失事
熟词生义
5.slide
vi. & vt. 滑行；滑动
We slid dwn the grassy slpe. 我们从草坡上滑了下来。
n. 滑动
Her car went int a slide. 她的车打起滑来。
vi. 衰落；衰退
The industry has slid int decline. 这个行业已成衰退之势。
n. 降低；衰落；跌落
The ecnmy is n the slide (= getting wrse). 经济日益衰退。
n. 幻灯片
a slide shw 幻灯放映
6.survive
vi. 生存；存活
I can't survive n ￡40 a week. 一星期40英镑，我无法维持生活。
vt. 幸存
Many birds didn't survive the severe winter. 很多鸟死于这次严冬。
vt. 艰难度过
The cmpany managed t survive the crisis. 公司设法渡过了危机。
vt. 比...活的时间长
She survived her husband by ten years. 丈夫死后她又活了十年。
vt. 助产；接生；分娩
She was delivered f a healthy by. 她生下一个健康的男孩儿。
7.whistle
vt. 吹口哨
t whistle a tune 用口哨吹曲子
vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声
She whistled t the dg t cme back. 她打了个呼哨把狗唤回来。
n. 哨子声 the final whistle终场哨声
熟词生义
8.trap
vt. 使落入陷阱；使落入圈套
They were trapped in the burning building. 他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。
n. 陷阱；险境
She had set a trap fr him and he had walked straight int it. 她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。
9.effrt n. 努力
Yu shuld put mre effrt int yur wrk. 你应该更加努力地工作。
n. 艰难的尝试；尽力
The cmpany has laid ff 150 wrkers in an effrt t save mney.
in an effrt t
企图（努力想）；试图要
spare n effrt
不遗余力
make every effrt
尽一切努力
10.fld n. 洪水
The heavy rain has caused flds in many parts f the cuntry. 大雨使全国许多地方泛滥成灾。
vi. 淹没
The cellar flds whenever it rains heavily. 只要一下大雨地窖就淹水。
vi. 大量涌入
Telephne calls came flding in frm all ver the cuntry. 全国各地的电话像潮水般打来。
vt. 使灌满水；淹没
If the pipe bursts it culd fld the whle huse. 要是水管破裂整座房子就会灌满水。
n. 大量 a fld f cmplaints 大量投诉
revive vt. & vi. 复活
The ecnmy is beginning t revive. 经济开始复苏。
vt. & vi. （使）苏醒
The paramedics culdn't revive her. 护理人员无法使她苏醒。
句型
高分亮句
Chickens and even pigs were t nervus t eat, and dgs refused t g inside buildings.
鸡甚至猪都紧张得不能进食，狗也不愿意到室内去。
（1）t+形容词原级/副词原级+t+动词原形是固定结构，表示“太……而不能”，动词不定式作结果状语，本句有拟人的色彩。
（2）refuse t d sth表示“拒绝做某事”。refuse作及物动词，意为“拒绝”，
接动词作宾语时动词必须变为不定式。名词形式是refusal。
2．It seemed as if the wrld were cming t an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临！
本句用了“It seemed as if……”句型，表示“仿佛……”。it在此指某种情况，而非形式主语。
seemed作连系动词，表示“好像”，接了as if引导的表语从句，此时从句是对此刻的情况进行虚拟，因此be动词要用were。
Sn after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead.
地震刚刚过去，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
本句是含有定语从句的复合句，主要结构是send sb+t+地点名词+t d sth，表示“派遣某人去某地做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。wh were trapped是wh引导的定语从句修饰thse，在该从句中作主语，不能省略。此时定语从句可以转换过去分词结构作后置定语，去掉wh were即可。the dead是the+形容词结构，指一类人。
语法
限制性定语从句