英语必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters精品同步测试题

这是一份英语必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters精品同步测试题，共22页。试卷主要包含了开头，正文，结尾等内容，欢迎下载使用。
核心词汇
Disaster (n.) 灾难
常见搭配：natural disaster（自然灾害）
派生词：disastrus (adj.) 灾难性的
Earthquake (n.) 地震
相关词：aftershck（余震），magnitude（震级）
Fld (n./v.) 洪水；淹没
短语：flash fld（山洪暴发）
Hurricane (n.) 飓风（= typhn 台风）
区别：hurricane（大西洋），typhn（太平洋）
Trnad (n.) 龙卷风
近义词：cyclne（旋风）
Drught (n.) 干旱
反义词：fld
Wildfire (n.) 野火
短语：frest wildfire（森林火灾）
Rescue (n./v.) 救援
短语：rescue team（救援队）
Survivr (n.) 幸存者
动词：survive (v.)
Damage (n./v.) 损害
搭配：cause serius damage（造成严重破坏）
重点短语
Break ut （战争、火灾等）突然爆发
例句：A fire brke ut in the frest.
In ruins 严重受损；成为废墟
例句：The city was left in ruins after the earthquake.
Trapped in 被困在…
例句：Peple were trapped in the cllapsed building.
Prvide aid 提供援助
近义短语：ffer help
Under cntrl 在控制中
反义：ut f cntrl
Take shelter 躲避
搭配：take shelter frm the strm
语法考点
定语从句（Relative Clauses）
例句：The village which/that was hit by the fld needs help.
注意：关系代词（wh/which/that）的用法区别。
过去进行时（Past Cntinuus）
表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作：
例句：When the earthquake happened, we were having a meeting.
被动语态（Passive Vice）
自然灾害中常用被动语态强调影响：
例句：Thusands f huses were destryed by the hurricane.
写作与话题拓展
（一）灾害描述模板
1.开头：时间+地点+事件（如：On July 20, a severe fld hit Zhengzhu.）
2.正文：影响（casualties伤亡, damage）+ 救援（rescue effrts）
3.结尾：总结或呼吁（e.g., We shuld imprve disaster preparedness.）
（二）高频话题
2.科技在救灾中的作用（如drnes无人机, early warning systems预警系统）。
易错点提醒
Disaster 不可数，但指具体事件时可数（e.g., a natural disaster）。
"Break ut" 无被动语态（❌误：The fire was brken ut. ✅正：The fire brke ut.）。
"Damage" 不可数，修饰用much/serius（❌误：many damages）。
话题阅读精炼题
一、阅读理解
Passage 01
As we knw, earthquakes can bring peple much fear. There are sme places that have few r n earthquakes. Mst places in the wrld, hwever, have them regularly. Cuntries that have a lt f earthquakes are usually quite muntainus.
The mst talked abut earthquake in the United States was in San Francisc in 1906. Over 700 peple died in it. The strngest ne in Nrth America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska.
Strng earthquakes are nt always the nes that kill the mst peple. In 1755, ne f the strngest earthquakes ever recrded was felt in Prtugal. Arund 2,000 peple died.
In 1923, a very strng earthquake hit Tky, Ykhama area f Japan. A hundred and frty thusand peple died. Mst f them died in fires which fllwed the earthquake.
One f the wrst earthquakes ever was in China in 2008. It killed a large number f peple. The wrst earthquake ever reprted was als in China, in which 400,000 peple were killed r injured. This earthquake happened in 1556.
Earthquakes wrry peple a lt. The reasn is that we ften d nt knw when they are cming. Peple cannt prepare fr earthquakes.
1．Earthquakes happen __________.
A．in all the places in the wrld
B．nly in a few places alng the cast
C．regularly in mst places in the wrld
D．nly in the cuntries that have a lt f muntains
2．When and where was the wrst earthquake ever reprted?
A．In 1964 in Alaska.B．In 1556 in China.
C．In 1923 in Japan.D．In 2008 in China.
3．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is NOT true?
A．Earthquakes can cause fires.
B．Earthquakes ften cme unexpectedly.
C．The strnger the earthquake is, the mre peple are killed.
D．Peple still dn't knw hw t tell when an earthquake will cme.
4．What may be talked abut in the seventh paragraph?
A．Hw d earthquakes happen?
B．Hw d earthquakes wrry peple?
C．What will peple d t prepare fr earthquakes?
D．Hw can we save peple when earthquakes happen?
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了历史上发生在世界范围内破坏程度严重的地震。
1．细节理解题，由第一段“Mst places in the wrld, hwever, have them regularly.”可知，然而，世界上大多数地方都经常发生地震。所以地震经常发生在世界上大多数的地方。故C选项正确。
2．细节理解题。由倒数第二段“The wrst earthquake ever reprted was als in China, in which 400,000 peple were killed r injured. This earthquake happened in 1556.”可知，有史以来最严重的地震发生在中国，有40万人死亡或受伤。这次地震发生在1556年。所以有史以来最严重的地震发生在1556年的中国。故B选项正确。
3．细节理解题。由第三段“Strng earthquakes are nt always the nes that kill the mst peple”可知，强烈地震并非总是造成最多人死亡的原因。所以地震越强烈，死亡的人就越多是错误的。故C选项“地震越强烈，死亡的人就越多是”是错误的。故C选项正确。
4．推理判断题。由最后段“Earthquakes wrry peple a lt. The reasn is that we ften d nt knw when they are cming. Peple cannt prepare fr earthquakes.”可知，地震让人们非常担心。原因是我们经常不知道地震什么时候发生。人们不能为地震做准备。所以既然人们不知道，也不知道为地震的发生做什么样的准备，那么在第七段就要向人们科普一下人们为地震做准备要做些什么事情。比如:学习一些地震自救的知识以此达到在地震中减少伤亡的目的。故判断出在第七段主要谈论“人们为地震做准备要做些什么事情？”。故C选项正确。
【点睛】根据上一段的内容来判断下一段的内容是解决判断题的重要的切入点。这一般适用于推测短文最后一段之后段落的内容。在这样的判断出，短文最后一段通常会以问题的方式留下疑问，或者以陈述句的形式给读者留下一个悬而未决的问题。这个时候以问题的方式留下疑问或者以陈述句的形式给读者留下一个悬而未决的问题就是下一段要讨论的内容。由最后段“Earthquakes wrry peple a lt. The reasn is that we ften d nt knw when they are cming. Peple cannt prepare fr earthquakes.”可知，地震让人们非常担心。原因是我们经常不知道地震什么时候发生。人们不能为地震做准备。所以既然人们不知道，也不知道为地震的发生做什么准备，那么在第七段就要向人们科普一下人们为地震做准备要做些什么事情？比如：学习一些地震自救的知识以此达到在地震中减少伤亡的目的。故判断出在第七段主要谈论“人们为地震做准备要做些什么事情？”。故小题4的正确选项为C。
Passage 02
We all knw the danger f fires. It’s gd and necessary fr a family t learn hw t prepare fr a fire. Here are sme suggestins.
Put a smke alarm (烟雾警报器) in the huse. Smke frm a fire causes the alarm t g ff. The alarm makes a lud sund. 6
Make escape plans. We shuld knw all the ways ut f the huse. 7 Part f the plan is t check all the windws t make sure they can be pened easily.
Buy fire extinguishers (灭火器) in the huse. Everyne in the family shuld knw hw t use them.
8 We d fire practice because we teach children abut fire safety. Everyne in the family shuld knw the fllwing fire rules:
★Dn’t pen a ht dr! The fire can grw mre quickly if yu pen the dr.
★Stay clse t the flr! Smke can be mre dangerus than fire. 9
★What will yu d if yur hair r clthes start t burn? First, stp! Dn’t run! The fire burns faster because f mre air. Drp! Fall t the flr. Then rll! 10 Put a blanket (毯子) arund yu t keep air away frm the fire that may still be n yu.
There are many pssible causes fr fires. A wise family is ready all the time. If there is a fire, dn’t frget t call 119 fr help.
A．Practise fr a fire.
B．Turning ver and ver will make the fire g ut.
C．The best air is near the flr because smke rises.
D．The sund tells everyne t leave the huse at nce.
E．If there is a fire, everyne fllws the plan t get ut.
F．When a smke alarm rings at hme, it means yu shuld get up.
G．Learning smething abut fire safety is necessary fr all parents.
【答案】6．D 7．E 8．A 9．C 10．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何应对火灾给我们提出了几点建议。
6．根据上文“Put a smke alarm (烟雾警报器) in the huse. Smke frm a fire causes the alarm t g ff. The alarm makes a lud sund.(在房子里装个烟雾报警器。火灾产生的烟雾会使警铃响。闹钟发出很大的声音)”可知，本句说的应该是烟雾警报器的作用。如果房间内有烟雾的话，警报器就会发出声音，这种声音能够警示屋内的人要马上离开房间，故D选项“声音告诉所有人马上离开房子”符合语境，故选D。
7．根据上文“Make escape plans. We shuld knw all the ways ut f the huse.(制定逃生计划。我们应该知道所有出房子的路)”可知，上文提到了制定逃生计划，可知本句是在说明其作用，E选项中the plan对应上文escape plans。故E选项“如果发生火灾，每个人都按照计划逃生”符合语境，故选E。
8．根据后文“We d fire practice because we teach children abut fire safety.(我们做消防练习是因为我们教孩子们防火安全知识)”可知，空处内容应和消防演练有关，故A选项“为火灾做练习”符合语境，故选A。
9．根据空前的句子“Stay clse t the flr!(离地板近一点！)”可知，火灾发生时，要使自己靠近地面。由此可以推断，此处应是这样做的原因：因为烟往上升，所以地面附近的空气最好，故C选项“最好的空气是在地板附近，因为烟雾会上升”符合语境，故选C。
10．根据上文“Drp! Fall t the flr. Then rll!(扑倒！倒在地板上。然后滚！)”可知，本句应继续说明如何通过滚动来灭火。故B选项“在地上不断地翻滚，火就会熄灭”符合语境，故选B。
Passage 03
A little by was spending his Saturday mrning playing in his sandbx(沙池).He had with him a bx f cars and trucks，and a red plastic shvel. In the prcess f creating rads and tunnels in the sand，he discvered a large rck in the middle f the sandbx.
The by dug arund the rck，trying t get it ut f the sand. With many struggles，he pushed the rck acrss the sandbx by using his feet. He was a very small by and the rck was very huge. When the by gt the rck t the edge f the sandbx，hwever，he fund that he culdn’t rll it up and ver the little wall.
Determined，the little by shved and pushed，but every time the rck tipped(倾斜) and then fell back int the sandbx. Finally，he burst int tears f frustratin. All this time the by’s father watched frm his living rm windw. At the mment his tears fell，a large shadw fell acrss the by and the sandbx. It was the by’s father.
Gently but firmly he said，“Sn，why didn’t yu use all the strength that yu had available？” Defeated，the by answered，“But I did，Daddy. I used all the strength that I had！”“N，sn，” said the father kindly.“Yu didn’t use all the strength yu had. Yu didn’t ask me.” With that the father reached dwn，picked up the rck，and remved it frm the sandbx.
D yu have “rcks” in yur life that need t be remved？Are yu discvering that yu dn’t have what it takes t lift them？There is ne wh is always available and willing t give us the strength we need. Isn’t it funny that we try s hard t d things all by urselves?
11．What did the by want t d with the rck?
A．T break it int smaller pieces.
B．T remve it frm the sandbx.
C．T bury it deep under the grund.
D．T carry it t a faraway place by hand.
12．In the father’s pinin，his sn _______.
A．must be punished fr nt wrking hard
B．was strng enugh t lift the rck by himself
C．shuld have asked him t help with the rck
D．was respnsible fr slving the prblem
13．What may be the best title fr the text?
A．Secrets in the Sand
B．Rck in the Sandbx
C．Where Strength Is Needed
D．When Help Is Nt at Hand
【答案】11．B 12．C 13．B
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文通过讲述一名小男孩竭尽全力却无法将石块移出沙池的故事告诉我们，当我们自己的能力不足以解决问题的时候，你是否发现自己不够坚强去克服它们？有一个人总是准备好给我们所需要的力量，不去妨向别人求助，这也是一种成功的方法--借力。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The by dug arund the rck，trying t get it ut f the sand. ”男孩在石头周围挖，想把石头从沙子里挖出来。可知，小男孩想把石块移到沙池外面。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段父亲和男孩的对话“Sn，why didn’t yu use all the strength that yu had available？”“Yu didn’t use all the strength yu had. Yu didn’t ask me.”儿子，为什么你没有用尽你所有的力量？父亲温柔地纠正他说："你没有用尽你所有的力量，你没有叫我来帮你。可知，小男孩的父亲认为，儿子本应向他寻求帮助。故选C。
3.主旨大意题。本文通过讲述一名小男孩竭尽全力却无法将石块移出沙池的故事告诉我们，当我们自己的能力不足以解决问题的时候，你是否发现自己不够坚强去克服它们？有一个人总是准备好给我们所需要的力量，不去妨向别人求助，这也是一种成功的方法---借力。所以短文的最佳标题为“ 沙地中的石块”。故选B。
Passage 04
In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Nt Peninsula (能登半岛) n the cuntry’s western edge n Mnday. Mre than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it ne f the mst earthquake-prne cuntries in the wrld.
Many scientists have lng cnsidered earthquake frecasting t be impssible. But given recent imprvements in artificial intelligence, sme researchers have been studying whether that culd change.
Last fall, researchers at the University f Texas at Austin increased such hpes fr earthquake predictin with a seven-mnth trial in China. In all, the algrithm (演算法) successfully frecast 14 earthquakes, each within abut 200 miles f its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed ne quake and predicted eight that never happened. The trial was part f an internatinal A．I.-design cmpetitin, ne f a few such events held in recent years t advance earthquake predictin technlgies.
Sergey Fmel, a gescientist at UT Austin and a member f the research team, says in a statement. “We’re nt yet clse t making predictins fr anywhere in the wrld, but what we achieved tells us that what we thught was an impssible prblem is slvable in principle.”
Additinally, machine learning culd help detect hidden patterns in data r cllect mre data t better infrm earthquake frecasting, Hutchisn writes fr MIT Technlgy Review. Fr example, sme researchers are shwing hw A．I. might use recrdings frm a specific seismic site t anticipate an earthquake’s magnitude. One team has built and trained neural netwrks t predict where aftershcks may ccur after an initial strike. And thers are using machine learning t identify and extract seismic waves—the vibratins that spread thrugh the earth during tectnic activity (构造活动)—frm ther nises in the grund.
14．What’s the functin f the first paragraph?
A．T explain a cncept.B．T intrduce a new tpic.
C．T supply a summary.D．T prvide an example.
15．What made sme researchers ptimistic abut the earthquake frecasting?
A．The recent prgress in theries.B．The use f traditinal methds.
C．The increasing number f earthquakes.D．The advancements in artificial intelligence.
16．What d we knw frm the third paragraph?
A．The trial was cnducted by Chinese.B．The algrithm was ttally successful.
C．A．I. shws prmise in earthquake predictin.D．The A．I. cmpetitin nly fcused n earthquakes.
17．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Japan’s Vulnerability t EarthquakesB．Helper in Predicting Earthquakes—A．I.
C．The Impssibility f Earthquake PredictinD．Internatinal Effrts t Predict Earthquakes
【答案】14．B 15．D 16．C 17．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了经过试验发现，人工智能在地震预测方面大有前途，并给出详细的例子。
14．推理判断题。根据第一段“In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Nt Peninsula (能登半岛) n the cuntry’s western edge n Mnday. Mre than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it ne f the mst earthquake-prne cuntries in the wrld.(在日本，新的一年从灾难中开始，周一，该国西部边缘的诺托半岛发生了7.5级地震。日本地下有2000多条活动断层带，使其成为世界上地震最频繁的国家之一)”可推知，第一段的作用是引入一个新话题。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据第二段“But given recent imprvements in artificial intelligence, sme researchers have been studying whether that culd change.(但鉴于最近人工智能的进步，一些研究人员一直在研究这种情况是否会改变)”可知，人工智能的进步让一些研究人员对地震预报持乐观态度。故选D。
16．细节理解题。根据第三段“In all, the algrithm (演算法) successfully frecast 14 earthquakes, each within abut 200 miles f its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed ne quake and predicted eight that never happened.(该算法总共成功预测了14次地震，每次地震都在震中200英里以内。与此同时，它错过了一次地震，并预测了8次从未发生的地震)”可知，人工智能在地震预测方面大有前途。故选C。
17．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Many scientists have lng cnsidered earthquake frecasting t be impssible. But given recent imprvements in artificial intelligence, sme researchers have been studying whether that culd change.(许多科学家一直认为地震预报是不可能的。但鉴于最近人工智能的进步，一些研究人员一直在研究这种情况是否会改变)”结合文章主要说明了经过试验发现，人工智能在地震预测方面大有前途，并给出详细的例子。可知，B选项“预测地震的帮手——人工智能”最符合文章标题。故选B。
Passage 05
Causes f sandstrms
In desert areas, sandstrms are mst cmmnly caused by either thunderstrm utflws (外流) r strng pressure gradients (气压梯度) which cause an increase in wind speed ver a wide area. In sme cases, dust and sand may set a limit t a shallw depth by a lw-lying temperature change. 18 Drught is anther cause f sandstrms. Pr farming practices make dust and sand free f prtectin frm the wind. 19 A sandstrm can transprt and carry large amunts f sand. Deserts are the key surce f sandstrms. Saharan sandstrms have increased abut 10 times during the half century since the 1950s, causing tpsil (表土层) lss in nearby cuntries. 20
Sandstrms have als been shwn t increase the spread f disease acrss the glbe. Viruses in the dust are blwn int the atmsphere by the strms. Sme diseases may nt be urgent at the very beginning, but they can develp int deadly nes if left untreated. 21
Sandstrms cause sil lss frm the dry land, ding harm t agriculture. Sandstrms als reduce visibility, affecting airplanes and rad transprtatin. 22
Dust can als have gd effects. Central and Suth American rainfrests get mst f their mineral nutrients frm the Sahara; irn-pr cean regins get irn.
A．This is ne f the effects f sandstrms.
B．Bad results are caused by sandstrms.
C．Dry land farming is ne f the mst serius practices.
D．Peple knw little abut the effects abut sandstrms.
E．In ther cases, dust may be blwn as high as 6,100 meters high.
F．Fr example, a breathing prblem can lead t lung cancer, while dry eyes lead t blindness.
G．In additin, sandstrms als discurage visitrs frm visiting these places, striking turism.
【答案】18．E 19．C 20．A 21．F 22．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了形成沙尘暴的原因以及沙尘暴的影响。
18．根据上文“In sme cases, dust and sand may set a limit t a shallw depth by a lw-lying temperature change.(在某些情况下，灰尘和沙子可能会由于低洼地区的温度变化而限制浅层深度)”可知，本句主要承接上文，说明灰尘可能会达到的高度，E项中的In ther cases与上文的In sme cases对称。故E选项“在其他情况下，灰尘可能被吹到6100米高”符合语境，故选E。
19．根据上文“Pr farming practices make dust and sand free f prtectin frm the wind.(糟糕的耕作方式使尘土和沙子无法抵挡风)”可知，本句承接上文，具体举例糟糕的耕作方式。故C选项“旱地耕作是最严重的做法之一”符合语境，故选C。
20．根据上文“Saharan sandstrms have increased abut 10 times during the half century since the 1950s, causing tpsil (表土层) lss in nearby cuntries.(自20世纪50年代以来的半个世纪里，撒哈拉沙尘暴增加了约10倍，导致附近国家的表土流失)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，故总结上文，指出表土流失是沙尘暴的影响。故A选项“这是沙尘暴的影响之一”符合语境，故选A。
21．根据上文“Sme diseases may nt be urgent at the very beginning, but they can develp int deadly nes if left untreated.(有些疾病一开始可能并不紧急，但如果不及时治疗，就会发展成致命的疾病)”可知，本句针对上文提到的疾病进行举例说明。故F选项“例如，呼吸问题会导致肺癌，而眼睛干涩会导致失”符合语境，故选F。
22．根据上文“Sandstrms cause sil lss frm the dry land, ding harm t agriculture. Sandstrms als reduce visibility, affecting airplanes and rad transprtatin.(沙尘暴造成旱地土壤流失，危害农业。沙尘暴还会降低能见度，影响飞机和公路运输)”可知，本句主要承接上文，对沙尘暴造成的其他影响进行说明。故G选项“此外，沙尘暴也使游客不愿去这些地方，从而打击了旅游业”符合语境，故选G。
Passage 06
CALGARY, CANADA---It was ne f the mst imprtant phne calls Bruce Burrell has ever received, a call warning that a fld was headed Calgary’s way.
“I gt a phne call abut five in the mrning n Thursday frm Len McCharles, wh was n watch at the time, and he said “there has been big flding in Canmre and it’s heading this way,” said Burrell, the head f the Calgary Emergency Management Agency.
“I gt up immediately, turned n the mrning news, saw the pictures frm Canmre and then called McCharles back. I said “pen the Emergency Operatins Centre.”
Burrell was in the EOC fr 48 hurs straight and it wasn’t until Burrell left the centre fr the first time that the disaster(灾难）hit him.
“Once yu step utside and yu actually see it and hear it, it paints a cmpletely different picture frm what yu thught yu wuld be dealing with.”
Calgary firefighters came t help the Calgarians wh were influenced by fldwaters. Keal Prince, captain f the Calgary Fire Department remembers hw a yung by lst his finger while helping a wman remve debris(瓦砾）ut f her huse.
“As his finger gt cut ff it went int a fully laded dumpster(装好的垃圾箱）”Prince said. “Peple had wrked hurs t get the dumpster laded and nw they’re wrking tirelessly, quickly t unlad that dumpster, lking fr that finger.”
“We had t remve a lt f debris t find that finger. Luckily, the finger was fund and it was reattached(重新接上），”Prince added.
Burrell is prud f what the city has achieved s far. And he says the city culdn’t have dne it withut hundreds f unsung heres. “There were a lt f unbelievable things that went n during the fld and I think that is what Calgarians need t be prud f.”
23．On the mrning f Thursday, Burrell ______.
A．recgised his huse was flded
B．was called t g t Canmre t help peple
C．gt t knw frm thers abut a cming disater.
D．pened his huse and fund smething was wrng.
24．Hearing what had happened, Burrell ________.
A．called the centre t cllect pictures
B．reprted the event t the TV statin
C．went t the flded areas immediately
D．gave rders fr wrk t be started at nce
25．It seemed that the yung by ____.
A．was a great help
B．had a happy ending
C．lked fr his finger hurs alne
D．was hurt while unlading the dumpster
26．We can infer frm the last paragragh that Burrell ______.
A．thinks highly f peple in Calgary
B．has received praise frm Calgarians
C．thinks it’s his duty t prtect the city
D．feels the firefighters need mre training
【答案】23．C 24．D 25．B 26．A
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了加拿大的卡尔加里发生了一场洪水，而卡尔加里的人们团结一致，共同抵制洪水，Burrell很为卡尔加里人感到骄傲，为这个城市感到骄傲。
23．细节理解题。根据文中“I gt a phne call abut five in the mrning n Thursday frm Len McCharles, wh was n watch at the time, and he said “there has been big flding in Canmre and it’s heading this way,” said Burrell,可知，伯雷尔说，我在周四早上5点左右接到了当时值班的伦·麦克哈尔斯的电话，他说“坎莫尔发生了大洪水，洪水正往这边袭来。”他从别人那里得知了一个即将到来的灾难。故选C。
24． 细节理解题。根据文中“I gt up immediately, turned n the mrning news, saw the pictures frm Canmre and then called McCharles back. I said “pen the Emergency Operatins Centre.”可知，我立刻起床，打开晨报，看到了坎莫尔的照片，然后给麦克哈尔斯回了电话。我说“打开紧急行动中心”。所以当他得知洪水要来之后，他立即命令马上启动应急措施。故选D。
25． 推理判断题。根据文中倒数第二段的“Luckily, the finger was fund and it was reattached(重新接上）”可知，这个年轻人的手指被找到，重新装上，由此判断出他结局是好的。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据文中最后一段”And he says the city culdn’t have dne it withut hundreds f unsung heres. “There were a lt f unbelievable things that went n during the fld and I think that is what Calgarians need t be prud f.”可知，他说，如果没有数百名无名英雄，这个城市就不可能成功。“洪水期间发生了很多难以置信的事情，我认为这是卡尔加里安人需要骄傲的。Burrell以这里的人们为傲，给予他们很高的评价。故选A。
Passage 07
When yur alarm clck rings and yu drag yurself ut f bed, yu prbably wnder： Why n earth des schl have t start s early?
Frtunately, there is a new law t supprt—r better still, science.
A law in Califrnia, passed n Oct 13, requires that public middle schls begin classes n earlier than 8：00 am and that high schls start n earlier than 8：30 am. The law will g int effect by July 1, 2022.
Starting schl at 8：00 r 8：30 in the mrning may nt sund like t big f a change, but it culd mean ne mre hur f sleep fr students wh used t start schl at 7:30 r even earlier.
"The effect f that ne hur is smething they will be feeling as 40-year-ld adults," Sumit Bhargava, a sleep expert at Stanfrd University, tld The New Yrk Times. He said that nt having enugh sleep can affect students' mental health and increase the risk f being verweight and diabetes （糖尿病）.
In the shrt run, students' schl perfrmances shuld imprve almst immediately. Kyla Wahlstrm, a researcher at the University f Minnesta's Cllege f Educatin, fund that students wh have enugh sleep are alert in class and get much mre satisfying grades.
Sme might say that asking students t g t bed earlier culd have been a much easier slutin than changing the schl timetable acrss an entire state. But accrding t the American Academy f Sleep Medicine, teenagers g thrugh bilgical changes when they enter puberty （青春期）,which makes it difficult fr them t fall asleep befre 11：00 pm. S when schl starts at 8：00 r earlier, they can hardly get the ideal 8.5-9.5 hurs f sleep that experts suggest they need t d their best in the daytime.
This is why when the new law came ut, its authr, Anthny Prtantin, said, "Generatins f children will cme t appreciate this histric day and ur gvernr fr taking actin."
27．Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut the law?
A．The law has nt been put int practice.
B．The law requires schls t start later than 8：30am.
C．The law will be passed by July 1, 2022.
D．The law is made by a university in Califrnia.
28．What des the underlined wrd alert in Paragraph 6 prbably mean?
A．Friendly.B．Sharp.
C．Calm.D．Hnest.
29．Fr a better academic perfrmance in the daytime, hw lng d teenagers prbably need t sleep?
A．Abut 8 hurs.B．Abut 9 hurs.
C．At least 10 hurs.D．At mst 8. 5 hurs.
30．What's the main idea f the text?
A．Lack f sleep culd lead t health prblems.
B．The amunt f sleep peple need changes with age.
C．A new law lets students sleep lnger.
D．Sleeping prblems are leading prblems fr teenagers.
【答案】27．A 28．B 29．B 30．C
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述要出台一部新法律能让青少年有足够的睡眠时间以保证白天的学业成绩。
27．细节理解题。根据文章The law will g int effect by July 1, 2022. 这部法律将于2022年7月1日生效。可知，这部法律还没有付诸实践，故选A。
28．词义猜测题。根据文章Wahlstrm, a researcher at the University f Minnesta's Cllege f Educatin, fund that students wh have enugh sleep are alert in class and get much mre satisfying grades. Wahlstrm，明尼苏达大学的一名研究人员发现有充足睡眠的人成绩更另人满意，由此可推断学生们在课堂上表现的也更好，思维更敏捷，故推断alert为敏捷的，同sharp敏捷的，灵敏的同意。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据文章S when schl starts at 8：00 r earlier, they can hardly get the ideal 8.5-9.5 hurs f sleep that experts suggest they need t d their best in the daytime. 因此，当学校8点或更早开始上课时，他们很难获得专家建议的理想的8.5-9.5小时的睡眠时间，以在白天做到最好。可知，要想在白天有一个更好的学业成绩，青少年需要大约9小时的睡眠时间，故选B。
30．主旨大意题。要讲述要出台一部新法律能让青少年有足够的睡眠时间以保证白天的学业成绩。C选项A new law lets students sleep lnger. 一部新的法律允许学生睡得更久。C选项概括文章大意，中心思想，故选C。
二、完形填空
Clze 01
I will always appreciate my father and his faith.
One summer, I remember, a drught (旱灾) hit Ontari, turning it 31 a burning desert. On ne f thse ht mrnings I was picking sweet crn with my dad t fill the last 32 frm the grcery stre. Fifty dzen was all we needed, which 33 tk twenty minutes. That mrning, hwever, the prcess didn’t g quickly. After frty minutes f 34 walking in the field, we 35 needed twenty dzen. I was cmpletely frustrated and angry. 36 the basket heavily, I declared, “If the stre wants its last twenty dzen, they can pick it themselves! ” Dad laughed. “Just think, my little girl, nly 37 dzen left fr each f 38 and then we’re dne. ” Such is Dad—whatever prblem he 39 , he never gives up.
Dad is als a living example f real 40 . Frm dawn t dusk, he wrks cuntless hurs t 41 ur family. He always puts ur happiness 42 his wn, and never fails t cheer me n at my sprts games 43 his tiredness after lng days. His lving and selfless nature has inspired me t try t 44 thers first.
Dad, the life 45 I have learned frm yu will stay with me frever. Yu are my father, teacher, friend and, mst imprtantly, my her.
31．A．frB．intC．inD．like
32．A．gapB．frmC．rderD．psitin
33．A．usuallyB．repeatedlyC．finallyD．really
34．A．happilyB．aimlesslyC．easilyD．hardly
35．A．yetB．evenC．stillD．nearly
36．A．CuttingB．TakingC．PickingD．Drpping
37．A．fiveB．tenC．twentyD．fifty
38．A．themB．yuC．meD．us
39．A．brings upB．meets withC．wrks utD．thinks abut
40．A．lveB．prideC．friendshipD．hnesty
41．A．settleB．supprtC．startD．impress
42．A．befreB．afterC．besideD．under
43．A．in terms fB．in cntrl fC．in spite fD．in place f
44．A．puttingB．cheeringC．thinkingD．turning
45．A．lessnsB．stylesC．waysD．histry
【答案】
31．B 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．C 36．D 37．B 38．D 39．B 40．A 41．B 42．A 43．C 44．A 45．A
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，讲述了作者在和父亲共同劳动的过程中，学到了积极和乐观的心态，这让作者受益终生。
31．考查介词词义辨析。句意：我记得有一年夏天，一场干旱袭击了安大略，把它变成了一片燃烧的沙漠。A. fr为了；B. int成为；C. in在里面；D. like像。此处用短语turn…int...“把……变成……”，符合句意要求。故选B项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个炎热的早晨，我和爸爸一起摘甜玉米，准备供应杂货店的最后一批订单。A. gap缺口，间隔；B. frm形式；C. rder订单；D. psitin位置。根据上下文“If the stre wants its last twenty dzen, they can pick it themselves! ”可知，作者和父亲正在为杂货店的订单配货。rder订单。故选C项。
33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们只需要50打，而这通常需要20分钟。A. usually通常；B. repeatedly重复地；C. finally最终；D. really真正地。根据后文“the prcess didn’t g quickly.”可知，通常情况下只需要20分钟的工作，那一天40分钟也没有完成。故选A项。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在田野里漫无目的地走了40分钟后，我们还需要20打。A. happily开心地；B. aimlessly无目的地；C. easily容易地；D. hardly困难地。根据下文“we still needed twenty dzen”还需要20打，故可推知，那天摘玉米的过程很不顺利，在田野里漫无目的地走了40分钟后，我们还需要20打。aimlessly漫无目的地。故选B项。
35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在田野里漫无目的地走了40分钟后，我们还需要20打。A. yet还未；B. even甚至；C. still仍然；D. nearly将近。根据下文“If the stre wants its last twenty dzen, they can pick it themselves! ”可以推断，我们仍然还需要20打。故选C项。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我沉重地扔下篮子，大声说：“如果商店要最后20打，他们可以自己挑！”爸爸笑了。A. Cutting砍，切；B. Taking带着；C. Picking捡起；D. Drpping放下，扔下。根据上文“I was cmpletely frustrated and angry”可知，找不够玉米，作者很沮丧，因此推断她重重地把篮子扔到地上。故选D项。
37．考查数词词义辨析。句意：你想想，我的小姑娘，我们每人只剩下十打了，我们就完事了。”A. five五；B. ten十；C. twenty二十；D. fifty五十。根据上文“If the stre wants its last twenty dzen”可知，仍旧还要20打，因此作者与父亲每人仅需要再摘10打。故选B项。
38．考查代词词义辨析。句意：你想想，我的小姑娘，我们每人只剩下十打了，我们就完事了。”A. them他们；B. yu你；C. me我；D. us我们。根据语境以及“ then we’re dne”可知，父亲笑着说，我们每个人就只剩下10打了，然后我们就完成了。故选D项。
39．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这就是爸爸——无论遇到什么问题，他从不放弃。A. brings up提出，抚养；B. meets with遇见；C. wrks ut计算出；D. thinks abut考虑。根据下文“he never gives up”可以推断，表示父亲——无论遇到什么问题，他从不放弃。故选B项。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：爸爸也是真爱的活生生的例子。A. lve爱；B. pride骄傲；C. friendship友谊；D. hnesty诚实。根据下文“His lving and selfless nature has inspired me t try t 14 thers first.”可知，父亲的爱和无私激励作者也开始把别人放在首位，所以父亲是一个有爱的例子。故选A项。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了养家糊口，他从早到晚工作了无数个小时。A. settle定居；B. supprt供养；C. start开始；D. impress给……留下印象。根据上文“wrks cuntless hurs”可知，为了养活一家人，父亲从早到晚工作忙个不停。故选B项。
42．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他总是把我们的幸福放在自己的幸福之前，在我的体育比赛上，尽管他在漫长的一天后很累，但他总是给我加油。A. befre在……之前；B. after在……之后；C. beside在……旁边；D. under在……之下。根据后文“never fails t cheer me n at my sprts games”可知，父亲总是把我们的幸福放在他自己幸福的前面。故选A项。
43．考查介词短语辨析。句意：他总是把我们的幸福放在自己的幸福之前，在我的体育比赛上，尽管他在漫长的一天后很累，但他总是给我加油。A. in terms f 就……而言；B. in cntrl f控制；C. in spite f尽管；D. in place f代替。根据“never fails t cheer me n at my sprts games”以及“his tiredness after lng days”可知，即使每天长时间的劳累，父亲也从未忘记在体育比赛中为我们加油助威。故选C项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他充满爱心和无私的天性激励我努力把别人放在第一位。A. putting放；B. cheering加油；C. thinking思考；D. turning转变。根据上文内容可知，父亲总是把别人的幸福放在自己的幸福之前，是一个大公无私的人，因此推断父亲的品质也鼓舞我把别人放在首位。故选A项。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：爸爸，我从您身上学到的人生经验将永远伴随我。A. lessns课程，经验；B. styles风格；C. ways方式；D. histry历史。根据下文“Yu are my father, teacher, friend… her”可知，作者将永远牢记从父亲那里学到的关于生活的经验。 故选A项。
三、选词填空
短语填空
46．I must that I will supprt yu frever.
47． passenger trips in and ut f Wuhan frm Aug 8 t Sept 8 increased mre than furfld cmpared with the first mnth after the city's lckdwn was lifted n April 8.
48．Brm plant Xinjiang villagers' pverty.
49．Therefre, it take at least three mnths fr Jusing t imprt the electrde pads in indirect, inefficient ways.
50．Health wrkers in Wuhan physical examinatins fr emplyees at a cmpany wh return t wrk.
51．China wn't ‘inch f its territry’, defense minister says.
52．"It was March 18, and peple seemed t have cme ," she says.
53．Building blcks a child at the Kids Fun Exp underway in Beijing, July 11, 2019.
54．Walking between apartment blcks, Xi lked up and waved t residents under lckdwn wh stuck ut their heads frm their windws and balcnies t greet him. "Let's keep it up! fr a little lnger!" Xi said.
【答案】46．make it clear 47．The number f 48．sweeps away 49．used t 50．carry ut 51．give up 52．ut f nwhere 53．caught the attentin f 54．Hld n
【解析】46．考查固定句式。句意：我必须说清楚，我会永远支持你。make it clear that弄清楚、明确表示，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句，must后跟动词原形。故填make it clear。
47．考查固定短语。句意：8月8日至9月8日期间，武汉进出的旅客数量比4月8日解除封锁后的第一个月增加了四倍多。根据句意“……的数量”可知短语为the number f，句首单词首字母要大写。故填The number f。
48．考查固定短语和时态。句意：扫帚厂扫除了新疆村民的贫困。根据句意“扫除”可知短语为sweep away，且此处陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为Brm plant，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填sweeps away。
49．考查固定短语。句意：因此，采用间接、低效的方式进口电极垫，过去常需要至少三个月的时间。根据句意“过去常常”可知短语为used t。故填used t。
50．考查固定短语和时态。句意：武汉一家公司的卫生工作人员正在为返工的员工进行体检。根据句意“执行，进行”可知短语为carry ut，且根据后文return可知为一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填carry ut。
51．考查固定短语和时态。句意：国防部长说，中国不会放弃“一寸领土”。根据句意“放弃”可知短语为give up，wn't后接动词原形。故填give up。
52．考查固定短语。句意：她说：“当时是3月18日，人们似乎不知从哪里突然冒了出来”。根据句意“不知打哪儿来，突然冒出来”可知短语为ut f nwhere。故填ut f nwhere。
53．考查固定短语和时态。句意：2019年7月11日，在北京举行的儿童游乐博览会上，积木吸引了小朋友的注意力。根据句意“吸引……的注意力”可知短语为catch the attentin f，结合后文“July 11, 2019”可知应用一般过去时。故填caught the attentin f。
54．考查固定短语。句意：习主席行走在公寓楼之间，抬头向被封锁的居民挥手致意，居民从窗户和阳台探出头来迎接他。“让我们坚持下去！再多坚持一会儿!”习主席说。根据句意“坚持”可知短语为hld n，此处为肯定祈使句，句首动词应用动词原形，且首字母要大写。故填Hld n。
四、完成句子
55．在一个老人的帮助下，汤姆最终知道了如何解决那个难题。
With the help f an ld man, Tm finally knew hw t the difficult prblem.
【答案】slve或wrk ut
【详解】考查动词和短语。对比中英文句子可知，空处缺少“解决”的表达，用slve或者wrk ut都可以，分析句子可知，此处是“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，t是不定式符号，接动词原形。故填slve或wrk ut。
56．He and jumped int the water. (用break的短语填空)
【答案】tk a deep breath
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：他深吸了一口气，然后跳进了水里。“深吸了一口气”译为take a deep breath，由jumped int可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时态。故填tk a deep breath。
五、书面表达
57．书面表达
假设你是李华，福建省某中学高中学生，今年暑假将前往澳大利亚参加主题为WATER FOR LIFE“的交流活动。请你以参访代表的身份，根据以下图片提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。
注意：
根据图片的内容适当展开，以使行文连贯；
开头与结尾已写好，不计入总词数；
文中不能出现考生的具体信息；
词数：120左右
参考词汇：短缺 shrtage ; 资源 reaurce
Ladies and gentlemen,
Gd mrning, I’m Li Hua frm Fujian,China,It’s my great hnr t be here t say smething abut the glbal water shrtage and ways f dealing with it.___________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thank yu.
【答案】One pssible versin
Ladies and gentlemen,
Gd mrning. I’m Li Hua frm Fujian, China. It’s my great hnr t be here t say smethingabut the glbal water shrtage and ways f dealing with it.
As we knw, the glbal water shrtage is becming increasingly severe mainly due t glbal warming, envirnmental pllutin and the ever-increasing ppulatin. Therefre, it’s high time we did smething abut it.
Firstly, an effective way, I think, is t reserve water in a scientific way fr future use. Secndly, new methds need t be develped t use the existing water resurces, fr example, turning sea water int fresh water. Thirdly, we must stp water pllutin by law. Last but nt least, it’s everyne’s respnsibility t make gd use f water, such as recycling and saving water in ur daily life.
In cnclusin, peple arund the wrld shuld be aware f the real situatin f water shrtage, prtect the present water resurces and explre ptential nes scientifically.
That’s all. Thank yu.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于图画类应用文。要求考生写一篇发言稿。
【详解】第一步：审题。
体裁：应用文。
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时为主。
要点：图画显示内容。
第二步：列重点词语，词组（注意好词的使用）
如：due t，envirnmental pllutin，effective，scientific，existing water resurce，respnsibility，make gd use f，such as，in cnclusin，be aware f等.
第三步：连词成句（注意好句型的使用，如非谓语动词，复合句，注意拼写和时态问题）
第四步：连句成篇（注意衔接词的使用）
1.表文章结构顺序：First f all, Firstly/First, Secndly/Secnd…, Finally, In the end, At last;
2.表并列补充关系：What is mre, Besides, Mrever, Furthermre, In additin, As well as, nt nly…but (als);
3.表因果关系：Because, As, S, Thus, Therefre, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡。
第五步：润色修改。
【点睛】本文内容完整，要点齐全，语言规范，词数适当，段落分布合理。作者在文中使用了主从复合句，如“As we knw, the glbal water shrtage is becming increasingly severe mainly due t glbal warming, envirnmental pllutin and the ever-increasing ppulatin.”使用了定语从句，“Therefre, it’s high time we did smething abut it.”使用了虚拟语气，主从复合句的使用，使得文章的句式灵活多变，为文章增加了色彩。此外，作者还使用了衔接词“Firstly, Secndly, Thirdly，Last but nt least等衔接词的使用，使得文章层次分明。
hld n, make it clear, sweeps away, used t, carry ut, give up,
catch the attentin f, the number f, ut f nwhere