高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature精品精练

这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature精品精练，共16页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc8392" \l "_Tc5143" A 考点概览·知识回顾 PAGEREF _Tc8392 \h 1
\l "_Tc25907" B 考点夯基·专项突破 PAGEREF _Tc25907 \h 4
\l "_Tc4491" 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） PAGEREF _Tc4491 \h 4
\l "_Tc9962" 二、句型转换 PAGEREF _Tc9962 \h 8
\l "_Tc16902" 三、翻译句子 PAGEREF _Tc16902 \h 11
\l "_Tc8120" C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 PAGEREF _Tc8120 \h 13
\l "_Tc30590" 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） PAGEREF _Tc30590 \h 13
\l "_Tc25546" 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） PAGEREF _Tc25546 \h 14
一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查）
1. By the time he arrived at the airprt, the plane ______ (take) ff.
2. The teacher said that she ______ (teach) English fr 20 years by the end f that year.
3. He tld me that he ______ (nt see) his ld friend fr a lng time.
4. When I gt hme, my mther ______ (ck) dinner already.
5. The film ______ (begin) when we arrived at the cinema.
6. She said that she ______ (visit) the Great Wall twice befre.
7. I realized that I ______ (leave) my keys at hme after I gt t the ffice.
8. By the end f last term, we ______ (learn) abut 1,000 English wrds.
9. The by admitted that he ______ (break) the windw.
10. After he ______ (finish) his hmewrk, he went ut t play.
11. I thught I ______ (meet) him befre.
12. She tld me that she ______ (nt g) t the party because she was ill.
13. When we gt t the statin, the train ______ (be) away fr 20 minutes.
14. He said that he ______ (wrk) in that factry since 1998.
15. Hardly ______ he ______ (arrive) hme when it began t rain.
16. N sner ______ they ______ (reach) the tp f the hill than they all sat dwn t rest.
17. It was the first time that I ______ (see) such a beautiful sunset.
18. She lked as if she ______ (cry) fr a lng time.
19. If I ______ (knw) his address, I wuld have visited him.
20. I wish I ______ (study) harder when I was in schl.
答案：
详解：“by the time + 一般过去时”表示“到过去某个时间为止”，主句常用过去完成时，表示在该时间之前已经完成的动作。飞机起飞发生在他到达机场之前，所以填had taken。
详解：“by the end f + 过去时间”作时间状语，句子要用过去完成时，这里表示到那年年底她教英语将达20年，强调动作的持续，所以填had been teaching。
详解：主句谓语tld是过去式，从句动作“没见到老朋友”发生在“告诉”之前，即“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时hadn't seen。
详解：gt hme是过去的动作，妈妈做完晚饭在这之前，应用过去完成时，故填had cked。
详解：arrived是过去的动作，电影开始在我们到达之前，要用过去完成时，所以填had begun。
详解：主句said是过去式，从句中“参观长城两次”发生在“说”之前，用过去完成时，填had visited。
详解：gt t the ffice是过去的动作，“把钥匙落在家里”发生在这之前，所以用过去完成时had left。
详解：“by the end f last term”表示“到上学期末为止”，是过去的时间点，强调在这个时间点之前完成的动作，用过去完成时，填had learned。
详解：admitted是过去式，“打破窗户”发生在“承认”之前，要用过去完成时，所以填had brken。
详解：在after引导的时间状语从句中，当主从句动作先后发生时，从句常用一般过去时代替过去完成时，
这里也可填had finished，但用finished更简洁，故填finished。
详解：thught是过去式，“之前见过他”发生在“认为”之前，所以用过去完成时had met。
详解：主句tld是过去式，从句中“没去参加派对”发生在“告诉”之前，用过去完成时，填hadn't gne。
详解：gt t the statin是过去的动作，火车离开发生在这之前，且有“fr 20 minutes”表示时间段，强调动作的持续，用过去完成时的延续性形式had been away 。
详解：主句said是过去式，从句中有“since 1998”，表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到过去另一个时间的动作，用过去完成进行时，所以填had been wrking。
详解：结构中，hardly位于句首，主句要用部分倒装，且主句常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，所以填had; arrived。
详解：n 结构中，n sner位于句首，主句要用部分倒装，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，所以填had; reached。
详解：在“It was the that...”结构中，that从句要用过去完成时，所以填had seen。
详解：as if引导的从句表示与过去事实相反的情况，用过去完成时，所以填had cried。
详解：这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句用过去完成时，所以填had knwn。
详解：wish后的宾语从句表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时，所以填had studied。
二、句型转换
1. 原句：He had finished his hmewrk befre his mther came back.（改为否定句）
2. 原句：She said, “I have seen the film.”（改为间接引语）
3. 原句：The train had left when we gt t the statin.（对“when we gt t the statin”提问）
4. 原句：By the end f last year, they had built three new schls.（改为一般疑问句）
5. 原句：He had been waiting fr the bus fr 20 minutes when I saw him.（对“fr 20 minutes”提问）
6. 原句：I had never seen such a beautiful place befre I visited Guilin.（改为同义句）
7. 原句：She had written five letters by 10 'clck yesterday.（对“five”提问）
8. 原句：The film had already started when we entered the cinema.（改为反意疑问句）
9. 原句：He said, “I will g t Beijing tmrrw.”（改为间接引语，用过去完成时相关结构）
10. 原句：We had learned 2,000 English wrds by the end f last term.（对“2,000 English wrds”提问）
11. 原句：She had been living in this city fr 5 years befre she mved t anther city.（改为同义句）
12. 原句：They had a gd time at the party last night.（用过去完成时改写，假设他们在到达派对前已经期待很久）
13. 原句：He had wrked in that cmpany fr 10 years.（对“fr 10 years”提问）
14. 原句：The accident had happened befre the plice arrived.（改为强调句，强调时间状语befre the plice arrived ）
15. 原句：I had finished my hmewrk, and then I watched TV.（合并为一句，用after引导时间状语从句）
答案：
1.转换句：He hadn't finished his hmewrk befre his mther came back.
详解：过去完成时的否定句是在had后加nt，即hadn't。
2.转换句：She said that she had seen the film.
详解：直接引语变间接引语时，若主句是一般过去时，从句的现在完成时要变为过去完成时。
3.转换句：When had the train left?
详解：对时间状语提问用when，然后把原句剩余部分变为一般疑问句，将had提到主语the train前。
4.转换句：Had they built three new schls by the end f last year?
详解：过去完成时的一般疑问句是把had提到句首。
5.转换句：Hw lng had he been waiting fr the bus when yu saw him?
详解：对时间段提问用hw lng，将原句剩余部分变为一般疑问句，注意人称的变化，I变为yu。
6.转换句：Befre I visited Guilin, I had never seen such a beautiful place.
详解：将时间状语从句befre I visited Guilin位置提前，句子意思不变。
7.转换句：Hw many letters had she written by 10 'clck yesterday?
详解：对数量提问，若后面是可数名词复数，用hw many，然后把原句剩余部分变为一般疑问句。
8.转换句：The film had already started when we entered the cinema, hadn't it?
详解：过去完成时的反意疑问句，前肯后否，用hadn't + 主语。
9.转换句：He said that he wuld g t Beijing the next day.（这里主要是时态和人称等常规变化，在涉及过去完成时语境时，若直接引语是一般将来时，间接引语变为过去将来时）
详解：直接引语变间接引语，主句是过去时，从句一般将来时变为过去将来时，tmrrw变为the next day。
10.转换句：What had yu learned by the end f last term?
详解：对宾语提问用what，把原句剩余部分变为一般疑问句，注意人称变化，we变为yu。
11.转换句：Befre she mved t anther city, she had lived in this city fr 5 years.
详解：可将持续性动作的过去完成进行时改为过去完成时，强调动作持续，意思不变，同时把时间状语从句提前。
12.转换句：They had been lking frward t the party fr a lng time befre they had a gd time at it last night.
详解：根据要求添加过去完成进行时的动作，表示在过去动作之前一直持续的期待，然后加上原句内容。
13.转换句：Hw lng had he wrked in that cmpany?
详解：对时间段提问用hw lng，然后将原句剩余部分变为一般疑问句。
14.转换句：It was befre the plice arrived that the accident had happened.
详解：强调句结构为It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/wh + 其他部分，这里强调时间状语，用that。
15.转换句：After I had finished my hmewrk, I watched TV.
详解：after引导时间状语从句，注意从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时，体现动作先后顺序。
三、翻译句子
1. 到上学期末，我们已经学习了五篇英语课文。
2. 她告诉我她之前从未去过那个城市。
3. 当我到达教室时，同学们已经开始做实验了。
4. 他说他已经完成了他的报告。
5. 老师进来之前，学生们一直在大声说话。
6. 我以为我之前见过他，但我不确定。
7. 她到达机场时，飞机已经起飞一个小时了。
8. 我们到达山顶时，太阳已经升起了。
9. 他刚到家，就开始下雨了。
10. 这是我第一次看这么精彩的电影。
11. 要是我早知道这个消息，我就会告诉你了。
12. 她看起来好像已经哭了很久。
13. 我希望我在学校时学习更努力些。
14. 到昨天晚上为止，他已经写了两封信。
15. 他们离开教室前，已经关了灯。
【答案】
1.译文：By the end f last term, we had learned five English texts.
详解：“by the end f last term”是过去完成时的标志，“学习”用learn，其过去完成时形式是had learned 。
2.译文：She tld me that she had never been t that city befre.
详解：“告诉”用tld，是过去式，从句中“从未去过”发生在“告诉”之前，用过去完成时had never been t 。
3.译文：When I arrived at the classrm, my classmates had already started ding the experiment.
详解：“到达”用arrived，是过去式，“开始做实验”发生在“到达”之前，用过去完成时had started，“做实验”用d the experiment ，start ding sth.表示“开始做某事”。
4.译文：He said that he had cmpleted his reprt.
详解：“说”用said，过去式，“完成报告”在“说”之前，用过去完成时had cmpleted 。
5.译文：Befre the teacher came in, the students had been talking ludly.
详解：“进来”用came in，过去式，“一直在大声说话”强调动作从过去某时开始一直持续到老师进来这个过去的时间，用过去完成进行时had been talking 。
6.译文：I thught I had met him befre, but I wasn't sure.
详解：“以为”用thught，过去式，“见过他”在“以为”之前，用过去完成时had met 。
7.译文：When she arrived at the airprt, the plane had been away fr an hur.
详解：“到达”用arrived，过去式，“起飞”发生在“到达”之前，且“fr an hur”表示时间段，用过去完成时的延续性形式had been away 。
8.译文：When we reached the tp f the muntain, the sun had already risen.
详解：“到达”用reached，过去式，“升起”发生在“到达”之前，用过去完成时had risen 。
9.译文：Hardly had he arrived hme when it began t rain. / N sner had he arrived hme than it began t rain.
详解：用或n 结构，主句用过去完成时，且要部分倒装，从句用一般过去时。
10.译文：It was the first time that I had seen such a wnderful mvie.
详解：在“It was the that...”结构中，从句要用过去完成时 。
11.译文：If I had knwn the news, I wuld have tld yu.
详解：这是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句用过去完成时，主句用“wuld have dne”结构。
12.译文：She lked as if she had cried fr a lng time.
详解：as if引导的从句表示与过去事实相反的情况，用过去完成时 。
13.译文：I wish I had studied harder when I was in schl.
详解：wish后的宾语从句表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时 。
14.译文：By last night, he had written tw letters.
详解：“by last night”是过去完成时的标志，“写”用write，过去完成时形式是had written 。
15.译文：Befre they left the classrm, they had turned ff the lights.
详解：“离开”用left，过去式，“关灯”发生在“离开”之前，用过去完成时had turned ff 。
题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编）
1. Reading
Charles Darwin was a gelgist and naturalist, 1.______ (fascinate) by rcks, plants and animals. He started his jurney n the Beagle in 1831, 2.______ the age f 22. As he studied the samples n the ship, he raised a questin: hw did different species cme 3.______ (exist)?
At that time, peple believed that all species had appeared n Earth at the same time and 4.______ (nt change) since. Hwever, Darwin wasn't cnvinced. He wanted t lk fr evidence 5.______ (prve) this view was wrng.
On the Galápags Islands, Darwin nticed the differences between the finches. Their beaks seemed 6.______ (evlve). He suspected the finches had evlved frm earlier ancestrs. After a lng time f study, he 7.______ (eventual) prpsed a thery abut evlutin — living things had evlved frm lwer frms f life.
Darwin's bk On the Origin f Species, 8.______ (publish) in 1859, was a huge success. It was s revlutinary that it 9.______ (regard) as ne f the mst imprtant wrks in the histry f science. His ideas 10.______ (challenge) traditinal beliefs and pened a new era f scientific thinking.
【答案】
1. 答案：fascinated
详解：be fascinated by表示“对……着迷”，此处用过去分词fascinated作后置定语，修饰Charles Darwin，故填fascinated。
2. 答案：at
详解：at the age f是固定短语，表示“在……岁时”，故填at。
3. 答案：t exist
详解：cme t d sth.表示“开始做某事，逐渐做某事”，故填t exist。
4. 答案：hadn't changed
详解：根据前面的“had appeared”以及“since”可知，此处表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到过去另一时间的动作，用过去完成时，否定形式是hadn't changed，故填hadn't changed。
5. 答案：t prve
详解：此处用动词不定式t prve作目的状语，表示“为了证明”，故填t prve。
6. 答案：t have evlved
详解：seem t have dne表示“似乎已经做了某事”，强调动作已经发生，故填t have evlved。
7. 答案：eventually
详解：修饰动词prpsed，用副词形式，eventual的副词是eventually，意为“最终，终于”，故填eventually。
8. 答案：published
详解：publish与On the Origin f Species之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词published作后置定语，修饰On the Origin f Species，故填published。
9. 答案：was regarded
详解：be regarded as表示“被认为是……”，句子描述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语it是单数，所以填was regarded。
10. 答案：challenged
详解：and连接并列谓语，pened是过去式，所以challenge也用过去式challenged，故填challenged。
2. Extended reading
Have yu ever thught that plants can cmmunicate 1.______ each ther? Scientists have made sme amazing 2.______ (discver) in this field.
It turns ut that plants use 3.______ variety f methds t “talk”. Fr example, when a plant 4.______ (attack) by insects, it can release chemicals int the air. These chemicals are like a warning signal 5.______ ther plants nearby can “receive”. Then the neighbring plants start t prduce substances 6.______ (make) their leaves taste bad t the insects.
Plants can als cmmunicate thrugh a netwrk f fungi in the sil, 7.______ (call) the “wd wide web”. Thrugh this netwrk, they can share nutrients and infrmatin. Sme trees even seem t take care f 8.______ (they) yung by sending them mre nutrients.
Mrever, research has shwn that plants can respnd 9.______ sund. Fr instance, sme plants can tell the difference between the sund f water 10.______ the wind. They may adjust their grwth r ther activities accrding t these sunds.
Althugh we still have a lt 11.______ (learn) abut hw plants cmmunicate, these findings have changed ur understanding f the plant wrld. Maybe ne day, we will be able t “talk” with plants 12.______ (direct) and understand their “language”.
【答案】
1. 答案：with
详解：cmmunicate with sb./sth.是固定短语，表示“与……交流”，故填with。
2. 答案：discveries
详解：make discveries表示“做出发现”，discvery是可数名词，sme后接可数名词复数，故填discveries。
3. 答案：a
详解：a variety f是固定短语，表示“各种各样的”，故填a。
4. 答案：is attacked
详解：plant与attack之间是被动关系，用被动语态，句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语a plant是单数，所以填is attacked。
5. 答案：that/which
详解：先行词是signal，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。
6. 答案：t make
详解：此处用动词不定式t make作目的状语，表示“为了使”，故填t make。
7. 答案：called
详解：call与netwrk之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词called作后置定语，修饰netwrk，意为“被称为”，故填called。
8. 答案：their
详解：修饰名词yung，用形容词性物主代词their，表示“它们的”，故填their。
9. 答案：t
详解：respnd t是固定短语，表示“对……做出反应”，故填t。
10. 答案：and
详解：between... and...是固定搭配，表示“在……和……之间” ，故填and。
11. 答案：t learn
详解：have sth. t d表示“有某事要做”，用动词不定式作后置定语，故填t learn。
12. 答案：directly
详解：修饰动词talk，用副词形式，direct的副词是directly，意为“直接地”，故填directly。
题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题）
A
（2024·广东·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In Beijing’s Dngcheng District, there is a small studi called “I’m Mr. Chu”, 1 the visitrs can appreciate mre than 100 types f traditinal handmade paper, 2 (shw) the charm f the ancient skills and varius cultures in different regins in China. S far, Cui Zhenshu and Yang B, funders f the studi, 3 (cllect) mre than 500 types f Chinese handmade paper in 4 (exist). On their jurney, Cui and Yang discvered that due t the remte lcatins f mst paper wrkshps and traditinal lifestyles f the paper-making craftsmen (手艺人), the 5 (prduct) are unable t reach the market 6 (direct). Therefre, Cui and Yang came up with the idea f establishing their wn studi that culd serve as a bridge t cnnect rural wrkshps with buyers 7 be a platfrm t prmte traditinal Chinese handmade paper. The tw began t launch the series f handmade paper samples since 2021. Each vlume cnsists 8 30 types f handmade paper, each f which 9 (surce) frm its place f rigin. At present, tw vlumes f the series have been prduced, and they plan 10 (finish) 10 vlumes. “We hpe that this series can prvide infrmatin fr thse wh need handmade paper,” said Cui.
【答案】
1. where 2. shwing 3. have cllected 4. existence 5. prducts 6. directly 7. and 8. f 9. is surced 10. t finish
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北京东城区的一个名为“我是楮先生”的关于传统手工纸的小工作室。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：在北京东城区，有一个名为“我是楮先生”的小工作室，游客可以在这里欣赏到100多种传统手工纸，展示了中国不同地区古老技艺和各种文化的魅力。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是studi，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在北京东城区，有一个名为“我是楮先生”的小工作室，游客可以在这里欣赏到100多种传统手工纸，展示了中国不同地区古老技艺和各种文化的魅力。此处为非谓语语动词作状语，shw与 逻辑主语studi之间是主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词短语作状语。故填shwing。
3. 考查时态。句意：到目前为止，工作室的创始人崔振硕和杨波已经收集了500多种现存的中国手工纸。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语s far可知，用现在完成时，主语为复数。故填have cllected。
4. 考查名词。句意：到目前为止，工作室的创始人崔振硕和杨波已经收集了500多种现存的中国手工纸。此处为名词作宾语，exist的名词为existence意为“存在”。故填existence。
5. 考查名词。句意：在旅途中，崔和杨发现，由于大多数纸厂地处偏远，加上造纸工匠的传统生活方式，产品无法直接进入市场。根据谓语动词are可知，此处应用复数名词作主语。故填prducts。
6. 考查副词。句意：在旅途中，崔和杨发现，由于大多数纸厂地处偏远，加上造纸工匠的传统生活方式，产品无法直接进入市场。此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词reach。故填directly。
7. 考查连词。句意：因此，崔和杨想到了建立自己的工作室，作为连接农村作坊和买家的桥梁，并成为推广中国传统手工纸的平台。根据句意可知，空处前后文为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。
8. 考查介词。句意：每卷由30种手工纸组成，每一种都来自其原产地。此处为固定短语cnsist f意为“由……组成”，所以此处使用介词f。故填f。
9. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：每卷由30种手工纸组成，每一种都来自其原产地。此处为谓语动词，surce与each f which之间是动宾关系，根据主句谓语动词时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，且主语为单数意义。故填 is surced。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，该系列已经出版了两卷，他们计划完成10卷。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，根据plan t d sth.意为“计划做某事”可知，此处使用动词不定式作宾语。故填t finish。
B
（2024·广东佛山·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词，或括号内单词的正确形式。
The much-lved cartn abut Bluey, a seven-year-ld dg, has been a wrldwide phenmenn since it launched back in 2018. Its stry is a deep reflectin n change.
Besides laugh-ut-lud mments, it als cntains serius elements — scenes f parenting situatins that will be 1 (painful) familiar t any families, as well as inferences t majr life events like death, 2 (marry) and divrce. It’s abut explring the adult wrld with the excitement f childhd, which 3 (land) Bluey an Internatinal Emmy award in 2019.
What viewers wn’t have predicted will be hw much this episde is influenced by Taist (道家) philsphy, 4 ancient Chinese belief system which is based n trying t live 5 harmny with the universe. When Bluey sadly tells her classmates she’s mving away, her teacher Calyps reads a stry 6 (call) The Farmer. In the stry, each time, the neighburs ask the farmer it’s “gd luck” r “bad luck”. Every time, the farmer simply replies: “we’ll see”, and the stry ends abruptly.
“Is it a happy 7 sad ending?” asks Bluey afterwards. “It’s bth,” says Calyps. “I dn’t understand,” says Bluey. “Everything will wrk ut the way it’s suppsed t, Bluey,” she replies. The stry is actually an ld tale that first riginated in the Huainanzi, an ancient Chinese text 8 (date) back t 139 BC． It reminds peple that we have n cntrl r n real way f knwing whether events that happen t us are “gd” r “bad”. All we can be certain f is that change is 9 (avidable), but being pen t change and 10 (trust) that things will wrk ut fr the best is the best way t handle it.
【答案】
1. painfully 2. marriage 3. landed 4. an 5. in 6. called 7. r 8. dating 9. unavidable 10. trusting
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了动画片《布鲁伊》。
1. 考查副词。句意：除了开怀大笑的时刻，它还包含了严肃的元素——对任何家庭来说都是痛苦熟悉的育儿场景，以及对死亡、结婚和离婚等重大生活事件的推断。空处修饰形容词familiar，应用副词形式，故填painfully。
2. 考查名词。句意：同上。空处和名词death以及divrce并列作like的宾语，应填名词marriage，故填marriage。
3. 考查一般过去时。句意：它是关于用童年的兴奋探索成人世界的，这让《布鲁伊》在2019年获得了国际艾美奖。根据时间状语“in 2019”可知此处使用一般过去时，故填landed。
4. 考查冠词。句意：观众们无法预料的是，这一集受到道教哲学的影响有多大，道教是一种古老的中国信仰体系，其基础是试图与宇宙和谐相处。此处泛指“一种古老的中国信仰体系”，应使用不定冠词，ancient是以元音音素开头，故填an。
5. 考查介词。句意：同上。live in harmny with“与……和谐共处”，固定短语，故填in。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当Bluey悲伤地告诉她的同学她要搬走时，她的老师Calyps给她读了一个叫做《农民》的故事。call和stry之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作后置定语，故填called。
7. 考查连词。句意：“结局是快乐的还是悲伤的？”Bluey事后问道。happy和sad之间是选择关系，使用r连接，故填r。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个故事实际上是一个古老的故事，最早起源于公元前139年的中国古代文献《淮南子》。date back t和text之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作后置定语，故填dating。
9. 考查形容词。句意：我们所能确定的是，变化是不可避免的，但对变化持开放态度并相信事情会有最好的结果是处理它的最好方法。空处应填形容词作表语，结合下文的转折“but being pen t change”可知，此处指“变化是不可避免的”，使用形容词unavidable，故填unavidable。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。空处和being并列作主语，应用动名词形式，故填trusting。
C
【来源】青海省部分名校2023-2024学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mrals and virtues are like a cmpass (指南针) 1 guides us in making gd chices and ding the right thing. Mrals are abut knwing the difference between right and wrng, while virtues are gd qualities r habits we shuld have.
When we face a mral dilemma, it’s 2 (challenge) t determine the right actin t take. In these times, we can rely n ur mrals t help us chse 3 (wise). Fr example, being kind, hnest, and fair are imprtant mral values that can guide ur actins.
Virtues, such as 4 (patient), curage, and genersity, help us becme better peple. They are like strengths we can develp 5 (face) challenges and treat thers with respect. When we shw virtues in ur daily lives, we inspire thse arund us t d the same.
In relatinships like marriage r friendships, mrals and virtues play 6 imprtant rle. Respect, trust, and lyalty are virtues that build strng cnnectins and fster harmny. When 7 (cnflict) arise, relying n mral principles and virtues can help us reslve differences peacefully.
It’s als imprtant t pass n these values t the next generatin. Teaching children abut mrals and virtues frm a yung age 8 (set) a strng fundatin fr their character develpment. By practicing kindness, hnesty, and empathy, we can create a mre cmpassinate and understanding sciety.
Mrals and virtues are essential tls fr navigating (导航) life’s challenges and 9 (create) a better wrld fr urselves and thers. With gd values, we can build strnger relatinships, make wiser chices, and cntribute psitively 10 ur cmmunities.
【答案】
1. that/which 2. challenging 3. wisely 4. patience 5. t face 6. an 7. cnflicts 8. sets 9. creating 10. t
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了道德和美德在我们生活中发挥的作用。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：道德和美德就像指南针，指引我们做出正确的选择和做正确的事。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“cmpass”，指物，在从句中作主语，故应用“that”或“which”引导从句。故填that/which。
2. 考查形容词。句意：当我们面临道德困境时，确定正确的行动是具有挑战性的。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词作表语，“it”代指“t determine the right actin t take”这件事，故应用“challenging”，意为“具有挑战性的”，形容词词性，修饰事物。故填challenging。
3. 考查副词。句意：在这个时代，我们可以依靠我们的道德来帮助我们做出明智的选择。分析句子可知，“chse”为动词，空格处应用副词作状语，“wisely”意为“明智地”，副词词性。故填wisely。
4. 考查名词。句意：耐心、勇气和慷慨等美德帮助我们成为更好的人。分析句子可知，“such as”为介词短语，空格处应用名词作宾语，“patience”意为“耐心”，为不可数名词。故填patience。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们就像我们可以发展的优势，以应对挑战并尊重他人。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“can develp”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，发展优势的目的是应对挑战，句中应用不定式“t face”作目的状语。故填t face。
6. 考查冠词。句意：在婚姻或友谊等关系中，道德和美德起着重要作用。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“play an imprtant rle”，意为“起着重要作用”，故空格处应用不定冠词“an”。故填an。
7. 考查名词。句意：当冲突发生时，依靠道德原则和美德可以帮助我们和平解决分歧。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词作主语，“arise”为动词原形，故应用“cnflict”的复数形式“cnflicts”。故填cnflicts。
8. 考查时态。句意：从小教孩子们道德和美德，为他们的性格发展奠定了坚实的基础。分析句子可知，句中陈述的是客观事实，为一般现在时，“Teaching children abut mrals and virtues frm a yung age”为动名词短语作主语，故应用“set”的三单形式“sets”。故填sets。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：道德和美德是应对生活挑战、为自己和他人创造更美好世界的重要工具。分析句子可知，“fr”为介词，后接动名词作宾语，“create”的动名词形式为“creating”。故填creating。
10. 考查固定短语。句意：有了良好的价值观，我们可以建立更牢固的关系，做出更明智的选择，并为我们的社区做出积极的贡献。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“cntribute t”，意为“贡献于，有助于”，故空格处应用介词“t”。故填t。