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外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature评优课ppt课件
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这是一份外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature评优课ppt课件，共41页。
Past perfect Lk at the sentences frm the reading passage and answer the questins.1 In sentence (a), which actin happened first, “suspected” r “evlved frm a cmmn ancestr”?
In sentence (a), “evlved frm a cmmn ancestr” happened first.
a Darwin suspected that the finches had evlved frm a cmmn ancestr, ... b Many peple refused t believe that living things, including humans, had evlved frm lwer frms f life.
Past perfect Lk at the sentences frm the reading passage and answer the questins.2 In sentence (b), which actin happened first, “refused t believe” r “evlved frm lwer frms f life”?
In sentence (b), “evlved frm lwer frms f life” happened first.
Past perfect Lk at the sentences frm the reading passage and answer the questins.3 What des the structure had dne indicate?
It indicates the actin happened befre a certain past actin.
Cmplete the paragraphs with the infrmatin frm the given sentences. The sentences are in the rder in which they happened.
1 a Natural disasters led t fd shrtages in the 1960s. b Yuan Lngping began t d research n hybrid rice. c Yuan Lngping develped a better type f rice.
Yuan Lngping 1 t d research n hybrid rice because natural disasters 2 fd shrtages in the 1960s. In the end, he 3 a better type f rice.
had led t
2a Gregr Mendel chse t study pea plants because their characteristics were easy t cntrl. b Gregr Mendel made imprtant discveries abut genetics.c Gregr Mendel died in 1884.
Gregr Mendel 4 study pea plants because their characteristics were easy t cntrl. By the time f his death in 1884, he 5 imprtant discveries abut genetics.
Cmplete the nline encyclpaedia entry with the crrect frm f the wrds in the bx. Lnesme Gerge Lnesme Gerge was the last Pinta Island trtise. He died in 2012. After Gerge’s death, the Pinta Island trtise was declared extinct.The extinctin f the Pinta Island trtise is blamed n humans. Befre humans 1__________ n the island, the species 2__________ in islatin and 3__________ the plants that naturally grew there. Gerge was discvered many years after their arrival, and by then humans 4______________ new species that 5__________ fr the fd the trtises ate. After gats in particular had been brught t the island, the Pinta Island trtise ppulatin 6__________. Eventually, nly Gerge remained.
cmpete decline eat live intrduce arrive
had intrduced
过去完成时1 过去完成时的构成和用法构成：had + 动词的过去分词 用法： （1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。这一过去时间可用by，befre 等构成的短语及when， befre，after，by the time 等引导的状语从句表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。By the end f last year, we had prduced 20,000 cable cars. 到去年年底，我们已经生产了两万辆缆车。［词汇复现］ The barber had shaved himself befre attending yesterday’s wedding. 理发师在参加昨天的婚礼前剃了胡子。［词汇复现］ By the time we gt there, the film had already begun. 我们到达那里时，电影已经开始了。She fund she had left her luggage n the bus. 她发现她把行李忘在公共汽车上了。
（2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与fr，since 构成的表示一段时间的短语或since 引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。The wrker said he had wrked fr the emplyer since last year. 这个工人说他从去年开始就为雇主工作。［词汇复现］ I met Wang Ta n a cable car yesterday. We hadn’t seen each ther since he went t Beijing. 我昨天在缆车上遇见了王涛。自从他去了北京，我们就没有见过面。［词汇复现］ （3）表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图等。常用had hped/ planned/meant/intended/thught/ wanted/expected 等，相当于上述动词过去式接不定式完成式，即“hped/planned/... + t have dne”。I had planned t cme, but I was prevented by the bad weather. 我本来打算来的，但被坏天气阻止了。They had hped t talk abut cperatin, but they had a tight schedule. 他们本想谈谈合作的事，但他们的日程很紧。［词汇复现］ I had intended t call n yu, but I had an unexpected visitr. 我本打算去拜访你的，但是来了一位不速之客。
◆单句语法填空（1）By the end f last year, he （cllect）mre than 10 freign recrds. （2）I （finish）my hmewrk befre I had supper. （3）Jhn and Jane （knw）each ther fr a lng time befre they gt married. （4）He said that great changes （take） place in his hmetwn since 1990. （5）It was six and he was tired because he （wrk）since the day brke. （6）When the plice fund him, the criminal （be） in the cave fr nearly a mnth. （7）They （want）t help but culdn’t get there in time. （8）He （hpe）t catch the 8:00 bus, but he fund it gne. ◆完成句子（9）When he reached the nearby shp, it （已经关门了）. （10）I （原本想做一个蛋糕）, but I ran ut f time. （11）They （原本计划休息）in the café, but smething unexpected happened.
had cllected
had planned t have a rest
had finished
had wanted
had already been clsed
had intended t make a cake
2 常用过去完成时的句式 （1）It/This/That was the that sb. had dne sth. 这/ 那是某人第一次/ 第二次……做某事。It was the third time that he had made the same mistake. 那是他第三次犯同样的错误了。This was the secnd time that he had lst his jb that year. 这是他那一年第二次失业。（2）表示“一……就……”的，n 句式中，含hardly/scarcely，n sner 的分句常用过去完成时，且当hardly，scarcely，n sner 置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。I had hardly/scarcely answered the teacher when he interrupted me. =Hardly/Scarcely had I answered the teacher when he interrupted me. 我还没来得及回答老师的问题，他就打断了我的话。We had n sner been seated than the bus started. =N sner had we been seated than the bus started. 我们刚坐下，公共汽车就开了。（3）虚拟语气中表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句和wish/wuld rather/nly if后的从句中用过去完成时。I wish I had been at yur party last Tuesday. 我希望上周二我参加了你的聚会。
◆单句语法填空（1）This was the secnd time that the musician （tur）Eurpe. （2）The audience had hardly been seated the saxphne sl started. （3）If he （take）yur advice, he wuld have passed the driving test. （4）I wuld rather yu （be）here yesterday. ◆句型转换 （5）I had n sner finished the wrk than the light went ut. = （） = （倒装句）
I had hardly finished the wrk when the light went ut.
N sner had I finished the wrk than the light went ut.
3 过去完成时与其他时态的区别 （1）过去完成时与一般过去时的区别： ①过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即 “过去的过去”；而一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a gd friend f mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。The plice stpped me n my way hme last night. 昨晚我在回家的路上被警察拦住了。②在含有after 或befre 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，由于主句和从句的动作先后关系明显，所以可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he（had） left the rm, the emplyer came in. 他离开房间后，老板进来了。［词汇复现］ We（had）arrived hme befre it snwed. 我们在下雪前到了家。③“时间名词 + befre”在句子中作状语，句子用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ag”在句中作状语，句子用一般过去时。He said the cmpser had died 10 years befre. 他说这位作曲家已于十年前去世。［词汇复现］ He left schl three years ag. 他三年前离开了学校。
（2）过去完成时和现在完成时的区别： 现在完成时以“现在”作为时间参照来谈论过去；而过去完成时则以“过去”作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去。I have lived in Beijing fr ne year. 我已经在北京住了一年了。（到现在为止） I had lived in Shanghai fr three years befre I went t Beijing. 在去北京之前我曾在上海住了三年。（动作发生在去北京之前）
◆单句语法填空（1）My friend Andrew （live）in a freign cuntry fr many years befre he returned t England. （2）He nce （wrk）as a lecturer， but nw he is a manager. （3）［词汇复现］His brther （be）the cnductr f the rchestra fr many years. （4）He （learn）maths all by himself by the age f furteen. ◆完成句子（5）Andrew （犯了一个大错误）because he had thught f everything except the weather. （6）I didn’t knw a thing abut the verbs, fr I （没有好好学我的功课）.◆翻译句子（7）他们5 点钟已经完成了他们的作业。______________________________________________（8）他们是5 点钟完成的作业。 ______________________________________________
had learned
made a big mistake
had nt studied my lessn well
They had finished their hmewrk at five ’clck.
They finished their hmewrk at five ’clck.
BidiversityListen t the pdcast and chse the statements that are made.1 Bidiversity is imprtant. 2 Bacteria are always harmful t humans. 3 Sme species f bacteria are used in fd prductin. 4 Many species f bacteria recycle dead rganic matter. 5 Our immune systems are able t fight ff all germs.
BidiversityListen again and cmplete the fact sheet.
CellsEvery living thing is 1________________________. They are like 2___________________________________. In the human bdy there are abut 3___________________ human cells and arund 4___________________ bacteria cells.BacteriaMst bacteria in the human bdy can 5___________________. In the fd prductin prcess, bacteria can 6___________________ dead rganic matter.
made up f cells
bricks that are used t build huses
thirty trillin
thirty-nine trillin
help with digestin
Cmplete the bxes with the expressins frm the pdcast.
D yu knw By the way, ... Actually, yu heard f fact, f which, ...
D yu knw yu heard
By the way, , fact, f which, ...
Read the passage and answer the questins.1 What species are mentined and what is special abut them?
Earth is hme t millins f different species. Sme can be very small, like bacteria and viruses, which are s small that we cannt see them with nly ur eyes. By cntrast, the largest animal species s far fund n ur planet is the blue whale, which can grw up t almst 30 metres in length and weigh ver 130,000 kils. The tughest species is prbably the water bear. This tiny rganism can survive temperatures frm 150℃ t a belw freezing -272℃ . T best survive in their envirnment, each species has develped its wn unique physical characteristics.Each year, scientists identify arund 15, 000 new species. Hwever, diversity n ur planet is such, that there are still millins f species n Earth remaining t be discvered.
Tw species are mentined: the blue whale and the water bear. The blue whale is the largest animal species n Earth, which can grw up t almst 30 metres in length and weigh ver 130, 000 kils. The water bear is prbably the tughest species, which can survive temperatures frm 150℃ t a belw freezing -272℃.
Read the passage and answer the questins.2 What ther unusual life frms d yu knw f?
Cmplete the paragraphs with the crrect frm f the wrds and expressins in the bx.
The Galápags Islands are renwned wrldwide fr their unique bidiversity. The Giant Trtise Reserve n Santa Cruz 1____________ several species f giant trtise that 2____________ the Galápags Islands. The island is als hme t the Charles Darwin Research Statin, where 3____________ studies are carried ut.Mangrves are ne f the castal plants that grw n Isabela. They serve as the 4____________ fr varius birds and fish, and are very imprtant t the 5____________.Iguanas can be fund n San Cristóbal. They have a very special 6____________, with cmb-like spines n their back. There is evidence that all the different iguanas have develped frm mre 7____________ nes and share a cmmn 8____________.
ancestr scientific be native t primitive habitat appearance be hme t ecsystem
are native t
Lk at the pictures f the species native t different regins f China. Talk abut bidiversity in China using the wrds and expressins in this sectin. D nline research t find mre infrmatin.
Language pints
核心词汇教材原句p.53 After Gerge’s death, the Pinta Island trtise was declared extinct. 乔治死后，平塔岛龟被宣布灭绝。1 declare v. 宣布，声明；声称，宣称declare...（t be）... 宣布/ 宣称……为…… declare war n... 向……宣战 declare against... 声明反对…… declare fr... 声明赞成/ 支持…… The chairman declared the discussin（t be）clsed. 主席宣布讨论结束。He declared many f his nvels t be best-sellers. 他宣称他的许多小说是畅销书。［词汇复现］ Britain declared war n Germany in 1914. 英国在1914年向德国宣战。They declared against the freign plicy f the gvernment. 他们声明反对政府的外交政策。All the members f the assciatin declared fr the prpsal. 协会的所有成员都声明赞成这项建议。［词汇复现］
◆单句语法填空（1）Angry residents have declared war the wners f the factry. （2）They thught the building f the factry wuld d damage t the envirnment and declared __________ the plan. （3）The wrkers declared the ffer f increased pay and hlidays. （4）Several cuntries wanted Antarctica （declare）a “wrld park”. （5）She （declare）it was the best chclate cake she had ever tasted.
t be declared
教材原句p.53 The extinctin f the Pinta Island trtise is blamed n humans. 平塔岛龟的灭绝应归咎于人类。2 blame v. & n. （1）v. 责怪，指责；把……归咎于blame sb. /sth. fr sth. = blame sth. n sb. /sth. 把某事归咎于某人/ 某物 sb. /sth. is t blame（fr sth.）某人/ 某事物（对某事）负有责任Dn’t blame me—it’s nt my fault. 别来怪我——又不是我的错。The ther driver blamed me fr the accident. =The ther driver blamed the accident n me. 另一个司机把事故归咎于我。Jhn is t blame fr the accident. 约翰应对这次事故负责。
（2）n.（对错误或坏事应负的）责任take/accept the blame（fr sth.）承担（某事的）责任 put/lay/place the blame n sb. 把责任归咎于某人 the blame lies with sb. 责任在于某人The cmpany was ready t take the blame fr what had happened. 公司准备对已发生的事情承担责任。Yu made mistakes yurself and nw yu put the blame n me. 你自己犯了错误，现在却把责任推到我身上。I think the blame lies with his brther. 我认为责任在他哥哥身上。
◆单句语法填空（1）Marie still blames herself Patrick’s death. （2）One f the cmputers is brken and she’s blaming it me. （3）Officials believe that mre than ne persn may be t blame the fire. （4）I dn’t want t get invlved in the arguments abut wh is （blame）. （5）N ne was prepared t take the blame the disaster. ◆完成句子（6）She stle the mney but she’s trying t （把责任推到我身上来）. （7）She （将……归咎于他） the failure f their marriage. （8）In my pinin, （ 责任在）the plice.
put/ lay/place the blame n me
blamed him fr
the blame lies with
教材原句p.53 After gats in particular had been brught t the island, the Pinta Island trtise ppulatin declined. 特别是山羊被带到岛上之后，平塔岛龟的数量下降了。3 decline v. & n. （1）v. 减少，降低；拒绝，谢绝；（质量）逐渐变差 decline by... 减少了…… decline in... 在……方面降低 decline t d sth. 拒绝做某事 Accrding t the statistics, the sales f huses declined by 20%. 据统计，房屋销售量下降了20%。This sectin f the market has slwly declined in imprtance. 这部分市场的重要性已慢慢下降。He declined their invitatin. 他谢绝了他们的邀请。He declined t take n the task assigned t him. 他拒绝接受分配给他的任务。［词汇复现］
（2）n. 减少，下降，衰落a decline in... 在……方面的下降in decline/n the decline 在下降 fall/g int decline 开始衰落There was a decline in traffic accidents in the city last year. 去年这个城市的交通事故有所减少。The number f peaccks in this regin is n the decline. 这个地区的孔雀数量在减少。［词汇复现］ The twn fell int decline after the mine clsed. 这个镇在矿井关闭后开始衰落。
◆单句语法填空（1）There has been a decline the size f families. （2）Car sales have declined a quarter. （3）There’s a widely held belief that educatinal standards are the decline. （4）After the war, the city declined imprtance. （5）Why d yu always decline （tell） me where yu live? （6）I invited him t the meeting but he （ decline）. ◆完成句子（7）Mary （谢绝了我的邀请） t dinner. （8）The prt （开始衰落）in the 1950s. （9）He is still ne f the wrld’s mst ppular glfers，but his game is （在走下坡路）.
declined my invitatin
fell int decline
n the decline
教材原句p.54 Bacteria are always harmful t humans. 细菌总是对人类有害。4 be harmful t 对……有害Such chemical absrbed by plants can be harmful t humans and animals. 这种被植物吸收的化学物质可能对人和动物有害。【归纳拓展】d harm t sb. /sth. = d sb. /sth. harm 对……有害cause sb. /sth. harm 对……造成伤害 suffer harm 受到伤害d mre harm than gd 弊大于利 There is n harm in（ding）sth. 不妨做某事，做某事没有坏处 cme t n harm/nt cme t any harm 没有受到伤害mean n harm/nt mean any harm 无意伤害，没有恶意If yu dn’t warm up prperly, exercise may d mre harm than gd. 如果不做适当的热身运动，锻炼有可能弊大于利。He may say n, but there’s n harm in asking. 他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。Luckily, all the passengers in the taxi came t n harm in the car crash. 幸运的是，出租车里所有的乘客在车祸中都没有受到伤害。He meant n harm when he said that. 他那样说并没有恶意。
◆单句语法填空（1）Try t reduce the use f chemicals that are （harm）t the envirnment. （2）Mdern farming methds have dne cnsiderable harm the cuntryside. ◆完成句子（3）It is a parent’s respnsibility t ensure that their children （ 不受任何伤害）. （4） （没什么大的坏处） taking smething t relieve a headache. （5）She was relieved t see the children （没有受到伤害）. （6）It wuldn’t （ 对你有任何伤害）t get sme experience first.
d nt suffer any harm
There’s n great harm in
had cme t n harm
d yu any harm
教材原句p.54 Earth is hme t millins f different species. 地球是数百万不同物种的家园。5 be hme t 是……的家园Yunnan Prvince is hme t elephants and peaccks. 云南省是大象和孔雀的家园。［词汇复现］ 【归纳拓展】be/feel at hme 舒适自在，不拘束；驾轻就熟，运用自如 make sb. feel at hme 使某人感到宾至如归find a hme fr sth. 找地方安置某物hit/drive/hammer sth. hme 直接明确阐述某事物（使人充分理解） bring sth. hme t sb. 使某人充分意识到某事（的严重性、难度或危险性） hit/strike hme（言语等）正中要害；（形势、经历）使人豁然省悟The waitresses are very friendly, which makes us feel at hme. 服务员很友好，让我们有宾至如归的感觉。Can yu find a hme fr the pian?你能找个地方放钢琴吗？ The experience has brught hme t me the pintlessness f this war. 这次经历让我充分意识到这场战争是毫无意义的。
◆单句语法填空（1）Warwick is hme sme 550 internatinal students. （2）She was very hspitable, which made me feel hme. ◆完成句子（3）Sixty acres f wds and pnds （是……的家园）camels, zebras, water buffales, striches and antelpes. （4）We really need t （明确表达这一信息）. （5）［词汇复现］His face went pale as her remark （正中要害）.
hit/drive/hammer this message hme
hit/struck hme
教材原句p.55 Lk at the pictures f the species native t different regins f China. 看看这些原产于中国不同地区的物种的图片。6 be native t 源于……的，原产于…… Sme English prverbs are native t Britain. 有些英语谚语原本就是英国的。These bananas are native t Taiwan. 这些香蕉原产于台湾。【归纳拓展】a native f 是……本地人，是……本地动/ 植物native language/tngue 本国语，本地语，母语The kangar is a native f Australia. 袋鼠是澳大利亚本地的动物。
◆单句语法填空（1）These fish are native Nrth America. （2）He has becme a native Glasgw. ◆完成句子（3）English is nt （ 母语） fr almst half f ur verseas visitrs. （4）The bear was nce （ 是……本地动物）Britain.
the native language
a native f
重点句式 教材原句p.54 Hwever, diversity n ur planet is such, that there are still millins f species n Earth remaining t be discvered. 然而，我们星球上的多样性是如此之大，地球上还有数百万物种有待发现。be such that 这是一个常见的句型。be such that 和 两种结构中的that 从句都是结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。本句中such = s much。Her excitement was such that she culd hardly cntain herself. 她激动得几乎控制不住自己。He is such a helpful persn that we are all appreciative f him. 他是如此乐于助人，我们都很感激他。［词汇复现］ 【学法点拨】当 such 位于句首时，该句型的意义并未发生变化。Such was his strength that he culd lift the big stne. 他的力气大得能把这块大石头举起来。
◆单句语法填空（1）The perfrmance was that the audience were deeply mved. （2）［词汇复现］It’s an interesting flk tale that everybdy likes it. （3） was his diligence that everyne praised him. ◆完成句子（4） （他反应敏捷） that n ne can match him. （5） （灾难如此严重） the lcal authrities were quite unable t cpe with it.
His reactins are such/ Such are his reactins
The disaster was such that
Past perfect Lk at the sentences frm the reading passage and answer the questins.1 In sentence (a), which actin happened first, “suspected” r “evlved frm a cmmn ancestr”?
In sentence (a), “evlved frm a cmmn ancestr” happened first.
a Darwin suspected that the finches had evlved frm a cmmn ancestr, ... b Many peple refused t believe that living things, including humans, had evlved frm lwer frms f life.
Past perfect Lk at the sentences frm the reading passage and answer the questins.2 In sentence (b), which actin happened first, “refused t believe” r “evlved frm lwer frms f life”?
In sentence (b), “evlved frm lwer frms f life” happened first.
Past perfect Lk at the sentences frm the reading passage and answer the questins.3 What des the structure had dne indicate?
It indicates the actin happened befre a certain past actin.
Cmplete the paragraphs with the infrmatin frm the given sentences. The sentences are in the rder in which they happened.
1 a Natural disasters led t fd shrtages in the 1960s. b Yuan Lngping began t d research n hybrid rice. c Yuan Lngping develped a better type f rice.
Yuan Lngping 1 t d research n hybrid rice because natural disasters 2 fd shrtages in the 1960s. In the end, he 3 a better type f rice.
had led t
2a Gregr Mendel chse t study pea plants because their characteristics were easy t cntrl. b Gregr Mendel made imprtant discveries abut genetics.c Gregr Mendel died in 1884.
Gregr Mendel 4 study pea plants because their characteristics were easy t cntrl. By the time f his death in 1884, he 5 imprtant discveries abut genetics.
Cmplete the nline encyclpaedia entry with the crrect frm f the wrds in the bx. Lnesme Gerge Lnesme Gerge was the last Pinta Island trtise. He died in 2012. After Gerge’s death, the Pinta Island trtise was declared extinct.The extinctin f the Pinta Island trtise is blamed n humans. Befre humans 1__________ n the island, the species 2__________ in islatin and 3__________ the plants that naturally grew there. Gerge was discvered many years after their arrival, and by then humans 4______________ new species that 5__________ fr the fd the trtises ate. After gats in particular had been brught t the island, the Pinta Island trtise ppulatin 6__________. Eventually, nly Gerge remained.
cmpete decline eat live intrduce arrive
had intrduced
过去完成时1 过去完成时的构成和用法构成：had + 动词的过去分词 用法： （1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。这一过去时间可用by，befre 等构成的短语及when， befre，after，by the time 等引导的状语从句表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。By the end f last year, we had prduced 20,000 cable cars. 到去年年底，我们已经生产了两万辆缆车。［词汇复现］ The barber had shaved himself befre attending yesterday’s wedding. 理发师在参加昨天的婚礼前剃了胡子。［词汇复现］ By the time we gt there, the film had already begun. 我们到达那里时，电影已经开始了。She fund she had left her luggage n the bus. 她发现她把行李忘在公共汽车上了。
（2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与fr，since 构成的表示一段时间的短语或since 引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。The wrker said he had wrked fr the emplyer since last year. 这个工人说他从去年开始就为雇主工作。［词汇复现］ I met Wang Ta n a cable car yesterday. We hadn’t seen each ther since he went t Beijing. 我昨天在缆车上遇见了王涛。自从他去了北京，我们就没有见过面。［词汇复现］ （3）表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图等。常用had hped/ planned/meant/intended/thught/ wanted/expected 等，相当于上述动词过去式接不定式完成式，即“hped/planned/... + t have dne”。I had planned t cme, but I was prevented by the bad weather. 我本来打算来的，但被坏天气阻止了。They had hped t talk abut cperatin, but they had a tight schedule. 他们本想谈谈合作的事，但他们的日程很紧。［词汇复现］ I had intended t call n yu, but I had an unexpected visitr. 我本打算去拜访你的，但是来了一位不速之客。
◆单句语法填空（1）By the end f last year, he （cllect）mre than 10 freign recrds. （2）I （finish）my hmewrk befre I had supper. （3）Jhn and Jane （knw）each ther fr a lng time befre they gt married. （4）He said that great changes （take） place in his hmetwn since 1990. （5）It was six and he was tired because he （wrk）since the day brke. （6）When the plice fund him, the criminal （be） in the cave fr nearly a mnth. （7）They （want）t help but culdn’t get there in time. （8）He （hpe）t catch the 8:00 bus, but he fund it gne. ◆完成句子（9）When he reached the nearby shp, it （已经关门了）. （10）I （原本想做一个蛋糕）, but I ran ut f time. （11）They （原本计划休息）in the café, but smething unexpected happened.
had cllected
had planned t have a rest
had finished
had wanted
had already been clsed
had intended t make a cake
2 常用过去完成时的句式 （1）It/This/That was the that sb. had dne sth. 这/ 那是某人第一次/ 第二次……做某事。It was the third time that he had made the same mistake. 那是他第三次犯同样的错误了。This was the secnd time that he had lst his jb that year. 这是他那一年第二次失业。（2）表示“一……就……”的，n 句式中，含hardly/scarcely，n sner 的分句常用过去完成时，且当hardly，scarcely，n sner 置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。I had hardly/scarcely answered the teacher when he interrupted me. =Hardly/Scarcely had I answered the teacher when he interrupted me. 我还没来得及回答老师的问题，他就打断了我的话。We had n sner been seated than the bus started. =N sner had we been seated than the bus started. 我们刚坐下，公共汽车就开了。（3）虚拟语气中表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句和wish/wuld rather/nly if后的从句中用过去完成时。I wish I had been at yur party last Tuesday. 我希望上周二我参加了你的聚会。
◆单句语法填空（1）This was the secnd time that the musician （tur）Eurpe. （2）The audience had hardly been seated the saxphne sl started. （3）If he （take）yur advice, he wuld have passed the driving test. （4）I wuld rather yu （be）here yesterday. ◆句型转换 （5）I had n sner finished the wrk than the light went ut. = （） = （倒装句）
I had hardly finished the wrk when the light went ut.
N sner had I finished the wrk than the light went ut.
3 过去完成时与其他时态的区别 （1）过去完成时与一般过去时的区别： ①过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即 “过去的过去”；而一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a gd friend f mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。The plice stpped me n my way hme last night. 昨晚我在回家的路上被警察拦住了。②在含有after 或befre 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，由于主句和从句的动作先后关系明显，所以可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he（had） left the rm, the emplyer came in. 他离开房间后，老板进来了。［词汇复现］ We（had）arrived hme befre it snwed. 我们在下雪前到了家。③“时间名词 + befre”在句子中作状语，句子用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ag”在句中作状语，句子用一般过去时。He said the cmpser had died 10 years befre. 他说这位作曲家已于十年前去世。［词汇复现］ He left schl three years ag. 他三年前离开了学校。
（2）过去完成时和现在完成时的区别： 现在完成时以“现在”作为时间参照来谈论过去；而过去完成时则以“过去”作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去。I have lived in Beijing fr ne year. 我已经在北京住了一年了。（到现在为止） I had lived in Shanghai fr three years befre I went t Beijing. 在去北京之前我曾在上海住了三年。（动作发生在去北京之前）
◆单句语法填空（1）My friend Andrew （live）in a freign cuntry fr many years befre he returned t England. （2）He nce （wrk）as a lecturer， but nw he is a manager. （3）［词汇复现］His brther （be）the cnductr f the rchestra fr many years. （4）He （learn）maths all by himself by the age f furteen. ◆完成句子（5）Andrew （犯了一个大错误）because he had thught f everything except the weather. （6）I didn’t knw a thing abut the verbs, fr I （没有好好学我的功课）.◆翻译句子（7）他们5 点钟已经完成了他们的作业。______________________________________________（8）他们是5 点钟完成的作业。 ______________________________________________
had learned
made a big mistake
had nt studied my lessn well
They had finished their hmewrk at five ’clck.
They finished their hmewrk at five ’clck.
BidiversityListen t the pdcast and chse the statements that are made.1 Bidiversity is imprtant. 2 Bacteria are always harmful t humans. 3 Sme species f bacteria are used in fd prductin. 4 Many species f bacteria recycle dead rganic matter. 5 Our immune systems are able t fight ff all germs.
BidiversityListen again and cmplete the fact sheet.
CellsEvery living thing is 1________________________. They are like 2___________________________________. In the human bdy there are abut 3___________________ human cells and arund 4___________________ bacteria cells.BacteriaMst bacteria in the human bdy can 5___________________. In the fd prductin prcess, bacteria can 6___________________ dead rganic matter.
made up f cells
bricks that are used t build huses
thirty trillin
thirty-nine trillin
help with digestin
Cmplete the bxes with the expressins frm the pdcast.
D yu knw By the way, ... Actually, yu heard f fact, f which, ...
D yu knw yu heard
By the way, , fact, f which, ...
Read the passage and answer the questins.1 What species are mentined and what is special abut them?
Earth is hme t millins f different species. Sme can be very small, like bacteria and viruses, which are s small that we cannt see them with nly ur eyes. By cntrast, the largest animal species s far fund n ur planet is the blue whale, which can grw up t almst 30 metres in length and weigh ver 130,000 kils. The tughest species is prbably the water bear. This tiny rganism can survive temperatures frm 150℃ t a belw freezing -272℃ . T best survive in their envirnment, each species has develped its wn unique physical characteristics.Each year, scientists identify arund 15, 000 new species. Hwever, diversity n ur planet is such, that there are still millins f species n Earth remaining t be discvered.
Tw species are mentined: the blue whale and the water bear. The blue whale is the largest animal species n Earth, which can grw up t almst 30 metres in length and weigh ver 130, 000 kils. The water bear is prbably the tughest species, which can survive temperatures frm 150℃ t a belw freezing -272℃.
Read the passage and answer the questins.2 What ther unusual life frms d yu knw f?
Cmplete the paragraphs with the crrect frm f the wrds and expressins in the bx.
The Galápags Islands are renwned wrldwide fr their unique bidiversity. The Giant Trtise Reserve n Santa Cruz 1____________ several species f giant trtise that 2____________ the Galápags Islands. The island is als hme t the Charles Darwin Research Statin, where 3____________ studies are carried ut.Mangrves are ne f the castal plants that grw n Isabela. They serve as the 4____________ fr varius birds and fish, and are very imprtant t the 5____________.Iguanas can be fund n San Cristóbal. They have a very special 6____________, with cmb-like spines n their back. There is evidence that all the different iguanas have develped frm mre 7____________ nes and share a cmmn 8____________.
ancestr scientific be native t primitive habitat appearance be hme t ecsystem
are native t
Lk at the pictures f the species native t different regins f China. Talk abut bidiversity in China using the wrds and expressins in this sectin. D nline research t find mre infrmatin.
Language pints
核心词汇教材原句p.53 After Gerge’s death, the Pinta Island trtise was declared extinct. 乔治死后，平塔岛龟被宣布灭绝。1 declare v. 宣布，声明；声称，宣称declare...（t be）... 宣布/ 宣称……为…… declare war n... 向……宣战 declare against... 声明反对…… declare fr... 声明赞成/ 支持…… The chairman declared the discussin（t be）clsed. 主席宣布讨论结束。He declared many f his nvels t be best-sellers. 他宣称他的许多小说是畅销书。［词汇复现］ Britain declared war n Germany in 1914. 英国在1914年向德国宣战。They declared against the freign plicy f the gvernment. 他们声明反对政府的外交政策。All the members f the assciatin declared fr the prpsal. 协会的所有成员都声明赞成这项建议。［词汇复现］
◆单句语法填空（1）Angry residents have declared war the wners f the factry. （2）They thught the building f the factry wuld d damage t the envirnment and declared __________ the plan. （3）The wrkers declared the ffer f increased pay and hlidays. （4）Several cuntries wanted Antarctica （declare）a “wrld park”. （5）She （declare）it was the best chclate cake she had ever tasted.
t be declared
教材原句p.53 The extinctin f the Pinta Island trtise is blamed n humans. 平塔岛龟的灭绝应归咎于人类。2 blame v. & n. （1）v. 责怪，指责；把……归咎于blame sb. /sth. fr sth. = blame sth. n sb. /sth. 把某事归咎于某人/ 某物 sb. /sth. is t blame（fr sth.）某人/ 某事物（对某事）负有责任Dn’t blame me—it’s nt my fault. 别来怪我——又不是我的错。The ther driver blamed me fr the accident. =The ther driver blamed the accident n me. 另一个司机把事故归咎于我。Jhn is t blame fr the accident. 约翰应对这次事故负责。
（2）n.（对错误或坏事应负的）责任take/accept the blame（fr sth.）承担（某事的）责任 put/lay/place the blame n sb. 把责任归咎于某人 the blame lies with sb. 责任在于某人The cmpany was ready t take the blame fr what had happened. 公司准备对已发生的事情承担责任。Yu made mistakes yurself and nw yu put the blame n me. 你自己犯了错误，现在却把责任推到我身上。I think the blame lies with his brther. 我认为责任在他哥哥身上。
◆单句语法填空（1）Marie still blames herself Patrick’s death. （2）One f the cmputers is brken and she’s blaming it me. （3）Officials believe that mre than ne persn may be t blame the fire. （4）I dn’t want t get invlved in the arguments abut wh is （blame）. （5）N ne was prepared t take the blame the disaster. ◆完成句子（6）She stle the mney but she’s trying t （把责任推到我身上来）. （7）She （将……归咎于他） the failure f their marriage. （8）In my pinin, （ 责任在）the plice.
put/ lay/place the blame n me
blamed him fr
the blame lies with
教材原句p.53 After gats in particular had been brught t the island, the Pinta Island trtise ppulatin declined. 特别是山羊被带到岛上之后，平塔岛龟的数量下降了。3 decline v. & n. （1）v. 减少，降低；拒绝，谢绝；（质量）逐渐变差 decline by... 减少了…… decline in... 在……方面降低 decline t d sth. 拒绝做某事 Accrding t the statistics, the sales f huses declined by 20%. 据统计，房屋销售量下降了20%。This sectin f the market has slwly declined in imprtance. 这部分市场的重要性已慢慢下降。He declined their invitatin. 他谢绝了他们的邀请。He declined t take n the task assigned t him. 他拒绝接受分配给他的任务。［词汇复现］
（2）n. 减少，下降，衰落a decline in... 在……方面的下降in decline/n the decline 在下降 fall/g int decline 开始衰落There was a decline in traffic accidents in the city last year. 去年这个城市的交通事故有所减少。The number f peaccks in this regin is n the decline. 这个地区的孔雀数量在减少。［词汇复现］ The twn fell int decline after the mine clsed. 这个镇在矿井关闭后开始衰落。
◆单句语法填空（1）There has been a decline the size f families. （2）Car sales have declined a quarter. （3）There’s a widely held belief that educatinal standards are the decline. （4）After the war, the city declined imprtance. （5）Why d yu always decline （tell） me where yu live? （6）I invited him t the meeting but he （ decline）. ◆完成句子（7）Mary （谢绝了我的邀请） t dinner. （8）The prt （开始衰落）in the 1950s. （9）He is still ne f the wrld’s mst ppular glfers，but his game is （在走下坡路）.
declined my invitatin
fell int decline
n the decline
教材原句p.54 Bacteria are always harmful t humans. 细菌总是对人类有害。4 be harmful t 对……有害Such chemical absrbed by plants can be harmful t humans and animals. 这种被植物吸收的化学物质可能对人和动物有害。【归纳拓展】d harm t sb. /sth. = d sb. /sth. harm 对……有害cause sb. /sth. harm 对……造成伤害 suffer harm 受到伤害d mre harm than gd 弊大于利 There is n harm in（ding）sth. 不妨做某事，做某事没有坏处 cme t n harm/nt cme t any harm 没有受到伤害mean n harm/nt mean any harm 无意伤害，没有恶意If yu dn’t warm up prperly, exercise may d mre harm than gd. 如果不做适当的热身运动，锻炼有可能弊大于利。He may say n, but there’s n harm in asking. 他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。Luckily, all the passengers in the taxi came t n harm in the car crash. 幸运的是，出租车里所有的乘客在车祸中都没有受到伤害。He meant n harm when he said that. 他那样说并没有恶意。
◆单句语法填空（1）Try t reduce the use f chemicals that are （harm）t the envirnment. （2）Mdern farming methds have dne cnsiderable harm the cuntryside. ◆完成句子（3）It is a parent’s respnsibility t ensure that their children （ 不受任何伤害）. （4） （没什么大的坏处） taking smething t relieve a headache. （5）She was relieved t see the children （没有受到伤害）. （6）It wuldn’t （ 对你有任何伤害）t get sme experience first.
d nt suffer any harm
There’s n great harm in
had cme t n harm
d yu any harm
教材原句p.54 Earth is hme t millins f different species. 地球是数百万不同物种的家园。5 be hme t 是……的家园Yunnan Prvince is hme t elephants and peaccks. 云南省是大象和孔雀的家园。［词汇复现］ 【归纳拓展】be/feel at hme 舒适自在，不拘束；驾轻就熟，运用自如 make sb. feel at hme 使某人感到宾至如归find a hme fr sth. 找地方安置某物hit/drive/hammer sth. hme 直接明确阐述某事物（使人充分理解） bring sth. hme t sb. 使某人充分意识到某事（的严重性、难度或危险性） hit/strike hme（言语等）正中要害；（形势、经历）使人豁然省悟The waitresses are very friendly, which makes us feel at hme. 服务员很友好，让我们有宾至如归的感觉。Can yu find a hme fr the pian?你能找个地方放钢琴吗？ The experience has brught hme t me the pintlessness f this war. 这次经历让我充分意识到这场战争是毫无意义的。
◆单句语法填空（1）Warwick is hme sme 550 internatinal students. （2）She was very hspitable, which made me feel hme. ◆完成句子（3）Sixty acres f wds and pnds （是……的家园）camels, zebras, water buffales, striches and antelpes. （4）We really need t （明确表达这一信息）. （5）［词汇复现］His face went pale as her remark （正中要害）.
hit/drive/hammer this message hme
hit/struck hme
教材原句p.55 Lk at the pictures f the species native t different regins f China. 看看这些原产于中国不同地区的物种的图片。6 be native t 源于……的，原产于…… Sme English prverbs are native t Britain. 有些英语谚语原本就是英国的。These bananas are native t Taiwan. 这些香蕉原产于台湾。【归纳拓展】a native f 是……本地人，是……本地动/ 植物native language/tngue 本国语，本地语，母语The kangar is a native f Australia. 袋鼠是澳大利亚本地的动物。
◆单句语法填空（1）These fish are native Nrth America. （2）He has becme a native Glasgw. ◆完成句子（3）English is nt （ 母语） fr almst half f ur verseas visitrs. （4）The bear was nce （ 是……本地动物）Britain.
the native language
a native f
重点句式 教材原句p.54 Hwever, diversity n ur planet is such, that there are still millins f species n Earth remaining t be discvered. 然而，我们星球上的多样性是如此之大，地球上还有数百万物种有待发现。be such that 这是一个常见的句型。be such that 和 两种结构中的that 从句都是结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。本句中such = s much。Her excitement was such that she culd hardly cntain herself. 她激动得几乎控制不住自己。He is such a helpful persn that we are all appreciative f him. 他是如此乐于助人，我们都很感激他。［词汇复现］ 【学法点拨】当 such 位于句首时，该句型的意义并未发生变化。Such was his strength that he culd lift the big stne. 他的力气大得能把这块大石头举起来。
◆单句语法填空（1）The perfrmance was that the audience were deeply mved. （2）［词汇复现］It’s an interesting flk tale that everybdy likes it. （3） was his diligence that everyne praised him. ◆完成句子（4） （他反应敏捷） that n ne can match him. （5） （灾难如此严重） the lcal authrities were quite unable t cpe with it.
His reactins are such/ Such are his reactins
The disaster was such that
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