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外研版 选必一 Unit 2 第一课时Starting out and Understanding ideas学案(教师版)
展开 这是一份外研版 选必一 Unit 2 第一课时Starting out and Understanding ideas学案(教师版) ,共25页。学案主要包含了考点归纳,对接高考,句型转换,一句多译等内容,欢迎下载使用。
Part I Lead-in
Dn't quit
When things g wrng as they smetimes will,
When the rad yu're trudging seems all uphill, When the funds are lw and the debts are high, And yu want t smile, but yu have t sigh, When care is pressing yu dwn a bit,
Rest if yu must, but dn't yu quit.
请别放弃
情势时而不顺利,此乃意中之事,
举步维艰向上时,
口袋空空,债台高筑时,
想要微笑却得叹息时,
忧虑重重压住时,
必要之时请休息,
但你别放弃.
Part II Understanding f the passage titled We Regret t Infrm Yu.
General reading
Task 1: Read the passage quickly and chse anther suitable title fr the passage.
1 Life Is Hard fr Female Writers
2 Gd Things Cme t Thse Wh Wait
3 Never Give Up n Yur Dreams
4 Sucessful Writers
Task 2: Read the passage and match each paragraph with its main idea.
Para.1 A. J. D. Salinger didn’t give up and his bk became a best-seller.
Para.2 B. A lt f successful writers previusly faced rejectins.
Para.3 C. Perseverance is the key t success.
Para.4 D. J. K. Rwling kept trying and finally succeeded.
Para.5 E. Hw the Brntë sisters succeeded.
Detailed reading
Task 1: Read the passage carefully and chse the best answer.
1. What's the main idea f the passage?
A.J. K. Rwling succeeded after a lt f failures.
B. Mst writers had experienced many failures befre they succeeded.
C. Every writer dreads the wrds“We regret t infrm yu. . .
D. Rejected by sme publishers,J. D. Salinger gave up.
2. We can infer frm the first paragraph that______.
A. each writer succeeded after many failures
B. each writer was rejected fr pr wrks
C. a lt f writers succeeded vernight
D. it's cmmn that a writer is rejected by a publisher
3. Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE?
A. Rwling’s favrite writers never received rejectin letters.
B. Rwling had experienced 12 rejectins befre she succeeded.
C. Rwling was very rich befre she was successful.
D. Rwling never feared that her nvel was rejected.
4. Why did the Brnte sisters write a bk f pems under male names?
A. Because they didn’t want t be famus.
B. Because they didn’t lve their wn names.
C. Because wmen weren’t encuraged t becme writers at the time.
D. Because their father didn’t allw them t use their wn names.
Task 2: Read the passage again and answer the questin.
What prblems did the writers vercme?
Keys:
Task 1: 3;
Task 2: Para. 1 B; Para. 2 D; Para. 3 A; Para. 4 E; Para. 5 C
Task 1 BDBC
Task 2 J.K. Rwling: She spent years surviving n little mney and her first bk received criticism frm publishers and was rejected twelve times.
J.D. Salinger: He received criticism and rejectins frm publishers.
Brntë sisters: At that time, wmen were nt encuraged t becme writers. Their bk f pems which they wrte under male names, nly sld tw cpies.
Part 2 知识点梳理
I.词汇精讲·对接高考
知识点1.【原句】When the funds are lw and the debts are high... 当资金少债务多的时候……
debt n.债务,欠款
【考点归纳】
fall/get/run int debt负债;借债 in debt欠债 ut f debt不欠债
pay ff ne’s debts还清债务
【例句】
Mst f his adult life has been a lsing struggle against debt and misfrtune.
他成年后的大部分生活是一场对抗债务和不幸的失败战争。
【对接高考】·完成句子
①It is much easier t get int debt than get ut f debt.
借债容易还债难。
②Ten years later,the cuple paid ff all their debts.
十年后,这对夫妇还清了所有的债务。
【句型转换】
He decided t help thse cllege students wh were in debt.
→He decided t help thse cllege students in debt.
知识点2.【原句】Dn’t give up thugh the pace seems slw... 虽然速度好像很慢,但是也不要放弃……
pace n.速度,进度 v.走来走去,来回踱步
【考点归纳】
※at ne’s wn pace按照自己的进度 keep pace with跟上,与……并驾齐驱
set the pace领先;起带头作用 at a pace f以……的速度
※pace up and dwn来回走着
【例句】
It is difficult t keep up with the pace f change.
跟上变化的速度是很难的。
【对接高考】·完成句子
①We encuraged all students t wrk at their wn pace.
我们鼓励所有学生按自己的节奏学习。
②He walked s fast that she fund it hard t keep pace with him.
他走得那么快,她发现很难跟上他的步子。
③Yu set the pace and I’ll fllw yu.
你定步调,我跟上。
④The wman paced up and dwn utside the rm,which made her husband upset.
这个女人在房间外面来回走,这使她的丈夫很烦躁。
知识点3.【原句】We regret t infrm yu... 我们很遗憾地通知您……
infrm v.通知,告知
【考点归纳】
※infrm sb.f sth.通知某人某事 infrm 通知某人……
keep sb.infrmed f随时通知某人……;使某人知道……
※infrmatin n.信息
【例句】
We want t infrm yu that yu must pay ff all yur debts by next Sunday.
我们想通知你,下周日之前你必须还清所有债务。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①We shuld infrm the persn f the terrible news as sn as pssible.
我们应该尽快通知那个人这个糟糕的消息。
②Dn’t share persnal infrmatin(infrm) r stries.不要分享个人信息或故事。
【一句多译】
有任何进展我们都会随时通知你。
①We will infrm yu f any develpment.
②We will keep yu infrmed f any develpment.
知识点4.【原句】S,it seems that talent alne isn’t enugh t guarantee success.
所以,单单是天赋是不足以保证成功的。
guarantee v.保证,确保 n.保证
【考点归纳】
※guarantee that...保证…… guarantee t d sth.保证做某事
※under guarantee在保修期内
【例句】
① As we all knw,wealth is n guarantee f happiness.
我们都知道,财富并非幸福的保证。
② Cnsistent and hard wrk will guarantee that yu will becme gd at whatever it is.
坚持不懈和勤奋努力会确保你无论做什么都会做好。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
① We guarantee t infrm(infrm) yu f what’s happening here in time.
我们保证及时通知你这里发生的事情。
② Dn’t wrry! Yur new cmputer is still under guarantee.
别担心!你的新电脑还在保修期内。
知识点5.【原句】We are delighted t infrm yu...我们很高兴通知您……
delighted adj.愉快的,高兴的
【考点归纳】
※be delighted at/by/with...由于……而高兴 be delighted t d sth.很高兴做某事
※delight v.(使)高兴 n.高兴;令人高兴的事
take delight in (ding) sth.以(做)某事为乐 t ne’s delight使某人高兴的是
with delight高兴地
【例句】
I was delighted at/by/with the presence f such a student.
我为这样一个学生在场而感到高兴。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
① I am delighted t tell (tell) yu that I have paid ff all my debts.
我很高兴地告诉你我已经还清了所有债务。
② T my delight,I was chsen frm hundreds f peple t attend the pening ceremny.
令我高兴的是,从上百个人中我被选中去参加这个开幕式。
【句型转换】
He is s kind that he is delighted t help thers.
→He is s kind that he takes delight in helping thers.
II.重点短语精讲精练
知识点1.【原句】Take fr example 以J.K.洛琳为例。
example以……为例
【考点归纳】
take ntice f注意到;留意 take advantage f利用 take ne’s time慢慢来
take it easy别紧张,放松点 take actin采取行动
【例句】
①Yu’d better take ntice f what yu read in the newspaper.
你最好注意一下你在报纸上读到的东西。
②She tk advantage f the children’s absence t tidy their rms.
她趁孩子们不在的时候整理了他们的房间。
【对接高考】·完成句子
①There is a lt time left.Yu can take yur time.
还有很多时间。你可以慢慢来。
②Befre the exam,my mther always asks me t take it easy.
在考试前,妈妈总是让我放松一些。
③The lcal villagers urged the gvernment t take actin at nce.
当地村民敦促政府立刻采取行动。
知识点2.【原句】When she received her first rejectin letter,she decided that it meant she nw had smething in cmmn with her favrite writers,and stuck it n her kitchen wall.
当她收到第一封拒绝信时,她断定:这意味着她现在和她最喜欢的作家有相同的经历了,她把信贴在了厨房的墙上。
cmmn (with...)(与……)有共同点
【考点归纳】
have a little/sme/a lt/much/nthing in cmmnwith...与……有一点/一些/许多/很多/没有共同之处
in cmmn共有的 in cmmn with和……一样 cmmn sense常识
【例句】
Research shws that successful language learners in many ways have smething in cmmn.
研究表明,成功的语言学习者在许多方面有共同之处。
【对接高考】·完成句子
①I must say,in cmmn with Helen,that I strngly ppse the prpsal.
我必须说与海伦一样,我坚决反对这个建议。
②We happened t discver we had a friend in cmmn.
我们凑巧发现我们有一个共同的朋友。
III.重点句型精讲精练
知识点1.【原句】The respnse frm a publisher cmes back and the writer eagerly pens and reads it,their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence.
出版商的回复来了,作者急切地打开看,当他们看到最后一句的时候,他们的心都沉下去了。
【考点归纳】
※本句中的their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence是独立主格结构。
※独立主格结构相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等。独立主格由“名词/代词+介词短语/副词/形容词(短语)/名词/非谓语动词等”构成,其中前面的名词或代词在意义上为后面结构的逻辑主语。
①Mre time given,we shuld have dne it much better.
如果给更多的时间,我们会做得更好。
②It being a fine day,the children went t the park.
由于天气很好,孩子们去了公园。
【对接高考】·句型转换
After all the emails had been answered,the girl turned ff the cmputer.
→All the emails answered,the girl turned ff the cmputer.
知识点2.【原句】Yu may have spent years giving up yur weekends and free time t write yur life’s wrks,yet still this is ften nt enugh.很多年来你或许放弃了周末和自由时间来写你一生的作品,但这还不够。
【考点归纳】
※本句中用了may have dne sth.结构,意为“或许做了某事”。
※其他的类似结构:
shuld have dne sth.过去本该做某事但没有做。其否定式表示“过去本不该做某事而做了。”
must have dne表示 “过去一定做了……”, 是对过去发生的动作的肯定推测。
might have dne可能已经做了某事
culd have dne...(肯定句)表示 “本能够做某事但没有做”
culdn’t have dne...不可能做过某事
needn’t have dne...本不必做某事但实际做了
【例句】
Yu shuld have stayed at hme last Sunday,but yu didn’t.
上周日你本该待在家里的, 但是你没有。
【对接高考】·完成句子
①We culd have wn the match,but we were t careless.
我们本可以赢得比赛, 但是我们太粗心了。
②Yu needn’t have bught s much fd,fr there’s a lt in the fridge.
你本不需要买那么多食物的,因为冰箱里有很多。
知识点3.【原句】 started writing shrt stries in high schl,but later struggled t get his wrks published. J.D.塞林格在高中时开始写短篇小说,后来努力使自己的作品被出版。
【考点归纳】
※本句中的get his wrks published是“get +宾语+宾补”结构。此处是过去分词作宾补,表示被动。
※“get+宾语+宾补”结构: get+宾语+adj. get+宾语+ding
get+宾语+t d get+宾语+dne
【例句】
What a mess! Yu’d better get everything in yur rm clean.
真乱!你最好保持你房间里的东西干干净净。
【对接高考】·单句语法填空
①It was very cld that mrning,s I culdn’t get my car running(run).
那天早上很冷,我的车发动不起来了。
②If yu are weak in English,yu can get yur brther t help(help) yu.
如果你英语弱,可以让你哥哥帮助你。
课后训练
一、阅读理解
Fr millins f Facebk users, chsing which pht t use fr an nline prfile is an imprtant decisin. Accrding t a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the phts we select may reflect individual preferences, but they als appear t reflect mre deeply rted, uncnscius cultural differences. Previus research has shwn that culture can affect nt nly language and custm, but als hw we experience the wrld and prcess infrmatin. Western cultures, fr example, cnditin peple t think f themselves as highly independent entities(实体), whereas East Asian cultures stress cllectivism and interdependence.
Dr. Denise Park, c-directr f the Center at UT Dallas, and frmer graduate student Dr. Chih-Ma Huang f the University f Illinis, were curius abut whether these patterns f cultural influence extend t cyberspace. In a paper published in the Internatinal Jurnal f Psychlgy, they examined the prfile phtgraphs f mre than 500 active Facebk users frm the United States and East Asia. Overall, they fund that prfile phts f Americans are mre likely t fcus n the individual’s face, while the prfiles f East Asians tend t less emphasize the face and include mre backgrund features. Americans als shw greater smile intensity cmpared t East Asian Facebk users.
The findings shw marked cultural differences in the fcus f attentin amng East Asian and American Facebk users. Mrever, they ech previus research n cultural influences n visual perceptin (感知), attentin, and reasning in the ffline wrld.
“We believe these findings relate t a cultural bias t be mre individualistic and independent in the US and mre cmmunal and interdependent in Asia,” said Park.
The research als fund that cultural influences ver ur self-presentatin nline can shift ver time and frm place t place. In ne f the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States bth shwed a tendency t adjust their prfile phts t the general preferences f their hst cuntry.
“Facebk cnstitutes an extended scial cntext in which persnal prfiles mirrr varius individual characteristics, private thughts, and scial behavirs,” nted Huang. “As such, the study presents a new apprach t investigate cgnitin and behavirs acrss cultures by using Facebk as a data cllectin platfrm.”
1.The underlined wrd “cnditin” in the first paragraph prbably means ________.
A.adviseB.instructC.shapeD.frbid
2.We can knw frm the passage that Mnglians prbably emphasize ________.
A.cultural influencesB.scial behavirs
C.independent existenceD.cllective pwer
3.It can be inferred that a Krean studying in the US is likely t ________.
A.use a picture f his face n Facebk
B.adjust t American preferences quickly
C.change his prfile phts frm time t time
D.put up a pht f his apartment n Facebk
4.Accrding t Dr. Huang, Facebk can help t ________.
A.make up a mre extended scial cntext
B.study the diversity f wrldwide cultures
C.prmte cmmunicatin between east and west
D.cmbine different cultures frm different aspects
二 七选五
When I think f my friends, I am mstly filled with lve and warmth: I simply can’t wait t see them again fr their affectin and supprt. 5 In the right md, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrng mment, they can drain (耗尽) all my gdwill.
If this sunds familiar, then yu t have frenemies, wh psychlgists call “ambivalent relatinships”. These lve-hate relatinships culd include a friend, a parent, a clleague r even a husband r wife. Their ambivalence can cme in many frms. 6 It culd be a partner lve-bmbing yu ne day, but fiercely critical the next, leaving yu unsure abut their true feelings.
7 At the very least, yu wuld expect them t be better fr us than ur negative relatinships. Unfrtunately, research suggests things aren’t s simple. A team at the University f Utah asked peple t take a reactin-time test and they fund that rapidly flashing the name f an ambivalent cnnectin n a screen intensified stress respnse f participants. Anther study at Brigham Yung University fund that simply knwing an ambivalent cnnectin was nearby as participants prepared t give a speech was enugh t send their bld pressure rcketing. 8
Cutting ties with ur ambivalent cnnectins isn’t always pssible r desirable if they are deeply mixed int ur scial netwrk. S, what can be dne? Simply being aware f the ambivalent nature f a relatinship might ffer sme prtectin. We can manage ur expectatins and mentally prepare urselves fr the mixed feelings when interacting with frenemies. 9 As imprtantly, be a little mre mindful f any interactins with all ur ties. Shw thers the appreciatin and respect we feel fr them, fr accidental neglect culd be taken as a sign f indifference.
A.We hpe the gd in such relatinships utweighs the bad.
B.If smene is t negative, yu might decide t cut cntact.
C.It might be a friend wh is ften unavailable when yu need supprt.
D.This helps us fcus n their psitives while empathizing with the negatives.
E.In fact, even uncnscius reminders f a frenemy can break ur peace f mind.
F.After all, scial cnnectin benefits cme frm feeling understd and supprted.
G.A handful, hwever, aruse different emtins — a mixture f eagerness and dread.
三、完形填空
My daughter and I were driving frm Ls Angeles t Dallas. We were running lw n gas smewhere in New Mexic and figured we'd see a 10 sn enugh t fill up.
But that didn't happen and we 11 we were nt ging t make it t the next twn. S my daughter mad up a 12 "Lw n gas, Can u help?" and held it utside the car hping that a driver in the next lane(车道)wuld ntice it and stp.
There weren't t many vehicles passing us at the time. Abut 3:30 pm n a weekday, the rad was quite empty. Then, a car was driving alng happily in the neighbring lane 13 us. We caught up with it in the hpe that the driver wuld 14 the sign.
An elderly gentleman was driving it and after a brief expressin f 15 n his face, he seemed t have seen the sign and slwed dwn t 16 ver. We stpped just right behind him.
He was friendly and was eager t help us. At first he 17 we didn't have enugh mney, 18 he ffered t buy us gas at the next twn Rswell that was abut 10 mile away!
When we explained ur 19 situatin f nt having enugh gas t get t Rswell, he said he was a farmer wh was returning hme frm wrk. His farm was abut 10 minutes away and they had a gas pump n there, s if we culd give him 20 minutes, he 20 head back there, get a can f gas and fill up ur tank.
We culd nt believe ur gd frtune! We were filled with gratitude fr the 21 f strangers such as this persn as we waited fr him t 22 . Sure enugh, he was back with the can and immediately filled ur 23 . He refused t take payment fr the gas saying "what gd is a man wh cannt 24 anther in need" . Tears flwed, as did ur gratitude.
10.A.bus stpB.gas statinC.railway statinD.restaurant
11.A.realizedB.decidedC.hpedD.remembered
12.A.sngB.stryC.signD.scene
13.A.ahead fB.abveC.besideD.clse behind
14.A.makeB.shwC.giveD.ntice
15.A.nervusnessB.disappintmentC.cnfusinD.excitement
16.A.cmeB.pullC.getD.jump
17.A.heardB.knewC.discveredD.thught
18.A.sB.whileC.butD.fr
19.A.familiarB.dangerusC.similarD.difficult
20.A.wuldB.shuldC.mightD.must
21.A.carefulnessB.kindnessC.cautiusnessD.seriusness
22.A.agreeB.respndC.returnD.start
23.A.mindB.heartC.gapD.tank
24.A.trustB.thankC.helpD.accept
四、语法填空
语法填空
What des every writer mst dread 25 (read) in the cmments frm publishers? It’s “We regret 26 (infrm) yu...”,which will make their hearts sink. In fact,a lt f writers f great wrks have 27 (previus) faced rejectin.
J.K.Rwling,after a ttal f twelve rejectins,eventually gt her first bk Harry Ptter published,which became 28 glbal success. Anther famus writer J.D.Salinger persevered in wrking 29 his nvel The Catcher in the Rye despite the criticism alng with rejectins frm several publishers and when it was eventually published,it became an immediate bestseller. The three Brntё sisters lived in the Victrian England,a time 30 wmen were nt encuraged t becme writers. Althugh they 31 (dream) f seeing their wrds in print,they experienced many rejectins,but they persevered and nw Charltte’s Jane Eyre,Emily’s Wuthering Heights and Anne’s Agnes Grey 32 (regard) as classics f wrld literature.
Frm the stries f the abve famus writers,we can learn that it was 33 (persevere) that made them realize their dreams.Therefre,keep trying and yu’ll eventually read the wrds “We are 34 (delight) t infrm yu...”
课堂讲练参考答案
Task 1: 3;
Task 2: Para. 1 B; Para. 2 D; Para. 3 A; Para. 4 E; Para. 5 C
Task 1 BDBC
Task 2 J.K. Rwling: She spent years surviving n little mney and her first bk received criticism frm publishers and was rejected twelve times.
J.D. Salinger: He received criticism and rejectins frm publishers.
Brntë sisters: At that time, wmen were nt encuraged t becme writers. Their bk f pems which they wrte under male names, nly sld tw cpies.
【对接高考】·完成句子
①get int debt get ut f debt. ②paid ff 。
【句型转换】
He decided t help thse cllege students wh were in debt.
→He decided t help thse cllege students in debt.
知识点2.【对接高考】·完成句子
① at their wn pace. ②keep pace with him.
③set the pace ④ paced up and dwn
知识点3. 【对接高考】·单句语法填空
① f ② infrmatin
【一句多译】
① infrm yu f any develpment.
② keep yu infrmed f any develpment.
知识点4.【对接高考】·单句语法填空
① t infrm ② under
知识点5.【对接高考】·单句语法填空
① t tell ② T my delight
【句型转换】
He is s kind that he is delighted t help thers.
→He is s kind that he takes delight in helping thers.
II.重点短语精讲精练
知识点1. 【对接高考】·完成句子
① take yur time. ② take it easy. ③ take actin
知识点2. 【对接高考】·完成句子
① in cmmn with ② in cmmn.
III.重点句型精讲精练
知识点1.【对接高考】·句型转换
After all the emails had been answered,the girl turned ff the cmputer.
→All the emails answered,the girl turned ff the cmputer.
知识点2.
【对接高考】·完成句子
① culd have wn ② needn’t have bught
知识点3. 【对接高考】·单句语法填空
① running ② t help
课后训练参考答案
1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们在社交媒体选择的照片作为自己的头像可能反映了个人偏好,但它们似乎也反映了更根深蒂固的、无意识的文化差异。
1.词义猜测题。根据文章第一段划线词后半句“whereas East Asian cultures stress cllectivism and interdependence.(而东亚文化则强调集体主义和相互依赖。)”并结合上下文可知,作者主要想传达文化传统等对人思维的影响,所以西方文化塑造了人们认为自己是高度独立的个体。所以cnditin为“塑造”之意。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Western cultures, fr example, shape peple t think f themselves as highly independent entities, whereas East Asian cultures stress cllectivism and interdependence. (例如,西方文化塑造了人们认为自己是高度独立的个体,而东亚文化则强调集体主义和相互依赖。)”可知,蒙古人属于东亚文化,应该强调集体主义。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第五段“In ne f the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States bth shwed a tendency t adjust their prfile phts t the general preferences f their hst cuntry. (在其中一个研究样本中,在日本留学的美国人和在美国留学的日本人都显示出一种倾向,即根据所在国的总体喜好调整自己的头像。)”并结合第一段讲的“西方文化塑造了人们认为自己是高度独立的个体”可推断,在美国留学的韩国人很有可能在Facebk上使用自己的照片。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Facebk cnstitutes an extended scial cntext in which persnal prfiles mirrr varius individual characteristics, private thughts, and scial behavirs,” nted Huang. “As such, the study presents a new apprach t investigate cgnitin and behavirs acrss cultures by using Facebk as a data cllectin platfrm.”(“Facebk构成了一个扩展的社会背景,在这个背景下,个人资料反映了不同的个人特征、私人思想和社会行为,”黄指出。“因此,这项研究提出了一种新的方法,通过使用Facebk作为数据收集平台,来调查跨文化的认知和行为。”)”可推断,黄博士认为Facebk可以帮助研究世界文化的多样性。故选B。
七选五:5.G 6.C 7.A 8.E 9.D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人际关系中的爱恨交织现象及其应对策略。
5.上文“When I think f my friends, I am mstly filled with lve and warmth: I simply can’t wait t see them again fr their affectin and supprt.(当我想到我的朋友时,我大多充满了爱和温暖:我迫不及待地想再次见到他们,得到他们的关爱和支持)”说明作者想到朋友时,大多充满了爱和温暖。结合下文“In the right md, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrng mment, they can drain (耗尽) all my gdwill.(心情好的时候,这些人能让我度过一个充满乐趣的夜晚,但心情不好的时候,他们会耗尽我所有的善意)”推知,空处和前文为转折关系,说明有些朋友给作者带来的是不同的感受。G项中的Hwever表示转折,与上文的“filled with lve and warmth”形成对比,说明有些朋友会激起不同的情感。所以G项“然而,有少数人激起了渴望和恐惧担心的混合体。”符合语境。故选G。
6.上文“Their ambivalence can cme in many frms.(他们的矛盾心理可能以多种形式出现)”说明他们的矛盾心理有多种表现形式。空处承接上文,举例说明矛盾心理的一种表现形式。C项“可能是一个在你需要他支持时却经常不在身边的朋友。”符合语境。故选C。
7.下文“At the very least, yu wuld expect them t be better fr us than ur aversive (令人厌恶的) relatinships.(至少,你会期望他们比我们厌恶的关系对我们更好)”说明人们期望这种爱恨交织的关系能带来一些好处。A项中的“We hpe”与下文的“yu wuld expect”相呼应,“the gd wuld utweigh the bad”与下文的“better fr us than ur aversive relatinships”相契合。所以A项“我们可能希望在这样的关系中,好的一面会超过坏的一面。”符合语境。故选A。
8.上文“Anther study at Brigham Yung University fund that simply knwing an ambivalent cnnectin was nearby as participants prepared t give a speech was enugh t send their bld pressure rcketing.(杨百翰大学的另一项研究发现,当参与者准备演讲时,仅仅知道一个爱恨交织的人就在附近,就足以让他们的血压飙升)”说明即使是无意识的提醒也会让人血压升高。E项中的“even uncnscius reminders”与上文的“simply knwing”相呼应,“break ur peace f mind”与上文的“send their bld pressure rcketing”相契合,进一步说明这种关系的影响。所以E项“事实上,即使是无意识地想起一个爱恨交织的人,也会打破我们的平静。”符合语境。故选E。
9.上文“We can manage ur expectatins and mentally prepare urselves fr the mixed feelings when interacting with frenemies.(在与爱恨交织的人交往时,我们可以管理自己的期望,并在心理上为这种复杂的情感做好准备)”说明我们可以管理自己的期望,为复杂的情感做好准备。D项中的“This helps us”承接上文,“fcus n their gd qualities and shw empathy fr the unpleasant nes”与上文的“manage ur expectatins and mentally prepare urselves”相契合,说明这样做的好处。所以D项“这让我们能够关注他们的优点,并对不愉快的方面表示同情。”符合语境。故选D。
三 完形填空
10.B 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.C 16.B 17.D 18.A 19.D 20.A 21.B 22.C 23.D 24.C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了作者和女儿从洛杉矶赶往多拉斯的路上因汽油不够,最终得到一位善良老人帮助的事。
10.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们在新墨西哥的某个地方快没油了,我们以为我们不久会看到加油站来加满油。A. bus stp公交站;B. gas statin加油站;C. railway statin火车站;D. restaurant餐馆。根据前文“We were running lw n gas”可知,我们没油了,因此是找到加油站来加油,故选B。
11.考查动词词义辨析。句意:但是那个没发生,我们意识到我们没法到达下一个城镇。A. realized意识到;B. decided决定;C. hped希望;D. remembered记得。由上文“But that didn't happen”可知,作者没有找到加油站,所以作者知道他们没法开到下一个城镇,故选A。
12.考查名词词义辨析。句意:因此我的女儿制作一个指示牌“燃油不足,能帮帮我们吗?”,她在车外举着它,希望车道里的司机能注意到它且停下来。A. sng歌曲;B. stry故事;C. sign指示牌;D. scene场景;现场。根据下文“hld it”可知,应该是举着指示牌,故选C。
13.考查介词词义辨析。句意:然后,一辆在我们前面的车正在旁边的车道快乐地开着。A. ahead f在前面;B. abve在上面;C. beside在旁边;D. clse behind紧跟在后面。根据下文“We caught up with it”可知,我们追上它,所以车在我们前面,故选A。
14.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们追上它希望司机能注意到这个指示牌。A. make制作;B. shw展示;C. give给;D. ntice注意到。根据下文“he seemed t have seen the sign”可知,作者希望司机看到指示牌,故选D。
15.考查名词词义辨析。句意:一位年长的绅士正开着车,他脸上露出短暂的困惑后,似乎看到指示牌了并且慢慢停下车来。A. nervusness紧张;B. disappintment失望;C. cnfusin困惑;D. excitement兴奋。根据上文“We caught up with it”可知,我们追上车,司机感到困惑,故选C。
16.考查动词词义辨析。句意:句意:一位年长的绅士正开着车,他脸上露出短暂的困惑后,似乎看到指示牌了并且慢慢停下车来。A. cme来;B. pull使(车辆)转向;C. get得到;D. jump跳跃。根据上文“slwed dwn”可知,车慢慢停下来,pull ver表示“靠边停车”,故选B。
17.考查动词词义辨析。句意:首先,他认为我们没有足够的钱,因此他给我们钱去大约10英里的罗斯威尔城镇买汽油。A. heard听说;B. knew知道;C. discvered发现;D. thught认为。根据下文“When we explained ur _______situatin f nt having enugh gas t get t Rswell”可知,我们解释我们没有足够的油到达罗斯威尔小镇而不是缺钱,所以这个人是误认为我们缺钱,故选D。
18.考查连词词义辨析。句意:首先,他认为我们没有足够的钱,因此他给我们钱去大约10英里的罗斯威尔城镇买汽油。A. s因此;B. while当;在期间;C. but但是;D. fr因为。根据上“At first he ______we didn't have enugh mney,”可知,他认为我们没钱,所以帮助我们,前后是因果关系,故选A。
19.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当我们解释我们没有足够的汽油到达罗斯威尔小镇的困难情况时,他说他是一个农民,刚下班回来。A. familiar熟悉的;B. dangerus危险的;C. similar相似的;D. difficult困难的。由下文“nt having enugh gas t get t Rswell”可知,没有足够的汽油到达罗斯威尔小镇,这是困难的,故选D。
20.考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:他的农场大约10英里远,他们在那有一个气泵,因此如果我们能给他20分钟,他会回到这。A. wuld将;B. shuld应该;C. might或许;D. must必须。根据上句“ if we culd give him 20 minutes,”可知,他还没去取油,所以此处是过去将来时,故填A。
21.考查名词词义辨析。句意:当我们等着他回来时,我们对于这样一个陌生人的友善充满感激。 A. carefulness仔细;B. kindness友善;C. cautiusness谨慎;D. seriusness认真;严肃。根据上文“if we culd give him 20 minutes, he _______ head back there, get a can f gas and fill up ur tank.”可知,这个陌生人帮助我们,所以我们感激他的友善,故选B。
22.考查动词词义辨析。句意:当我们等着他回来时,我们对于这样一个陌生人的友善充满感激。 A. agree同意;B. respnd回应;C. return返回;D. start开始。根据下文“Sure enugh, he was back with the can”可知,他后来回来了,故选C。
23.考查名词词义辨析。句意:果然,他拿着油罐回来了,直接把我们的油箱填满。A. mind思想;B. heart心脏;C. gap缝隙;D. tank(储存液体或气体的)箱;缸。根据上段“fill up ur tank”可知,是填满我们的油箱,故填D。
24.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他拒绝拿我们支付给他的油费,他说“不能帮助有需要的人算什么好人。”A. trust信任;B. thank感谢;C. help帮助;D. accept接受。根据下文“in need”可知,帮助有需要的人,故选C。
四 语法填空
25.reading/t read 26.t infrm 27.previusly 28.a 29.n 30.when 31.dreamed/dreamt 32.are regarded 33.perseverance 34.delighted
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲述了作家们在出版商的评论中最不愿意看到的内容是“我们很遗憾地通知您……”,这会让作家们心情沮丧。然而,成功的作家们都曾经面对过拒绝。文章举例了J.K.罗琳、J.D.塞林格和布朗特三姐妹的经历,说明了坚持不懈是实现梦想的关键。最后,鼓励读者坚持努力,最终会看到“我们很高兴地通知您……”的字样。
25.考查非谓语动词。句意:在出版商的评论中,每个作家最害怕阅读的是什么?分析句子,dread ding/t d sth.“害怕做某事”既可以用不定式也可以用动名词作宾语。故填reading/t read。
26.考查非谓语动词。句意:它是“我们很遗憾地通知您……。regret t d sth.“遗憾做某事”,用不定式作宾语,表示“未发生的动作”。故填t infrm。
27.考查名词。句意:事实上,很多成功的作家以前都面临过拒绝。分析句子设空处使用副词作状语,修饰动词faced,故填previusly。
28.考查冠词。句意:J·K·罗琳在总共被拒绝了12次之后,终于出版了她的第一部《哈利·波特》,并在全球取得了成功。分析句子可知,success此处用作可数名词,此处表示“一次伟大的成功”,表示泛指用不定冠词修饰,故填a。
29.考查介词。句意:另一位著名作家J.D.塞林格不顾几家出版商的批评和拒绝,坚持创作他的小说《麦田里的守望者》,最终出版后,它立即成为畅销书。分析句子,设空处使用介词n,wrk n“致力于”,符合语境。故填n。
30.考查定语从句。句意:勃朗特的三姐妹生活在维多利亚时代的英国,那是一个不鼓励女性成为作家的时代。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰time,从句中作时间状语,用关系副词when引导定语从句,故填when。
31.考查时态。句意:虽然她们梦想着看到自己的作品被出版,但她们经历了许多拒绝,但她们坚持了下来,现在夏洛蒂的《简·爱》、艾米丽的《呼啸山庄》和安妮的《阿格尼斯·格雷》被视为世界文学的经典。dream是谓语动词,根据语境可知,描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时,故填dreamed/dreamt。
32.考查时态语态。句意:同上。分析句子结构可知,but连接并列句,后一分句是由and连接的并列句,由nw可知,用一般现在时,且regard与主语“Charltte’s Jane Eyre,Emily’s Wuthering Heights and Anne’s Agnes Grey”是被动关系,且主语为复数,故填are regarded。
33.考查名词。句意:从上述著名作家的故事中,我们可以得知,是坚持不懈使他们实现了自己的梦想。分析句子可知,that后是强调句型,强调句子的主语,故空处用名词perseverance,不可数名词,故填perseverance。
34.考查形容词。句意:我们很高兴地通知你…。分析句子,设空处使用形容词作表语,表示“高兴的”用delighted,修饰人,表示人的感受。故填delighted。
题号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
答案
C
D
A
B
G
C
A
E
D
B
题号
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
答案
A
C
A
D
C
B
D
A
D
A
题号
21
22
23
24
答案
B
C
D
C
课后训练参考答案
1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们在社交媒体选择的照片作为自己的头像可能反映了个人偏好,但它们似乎也反映了更根深蒂固的、无意识的文化差异。
1.词义猜测题。根据文章第一段划线词后半句“whereas East Asian cultures stress cllectivism and interdependence.(而东亚文化则强调集体主义和相互依赖。)”并结合上下文可知,作者主要想传达文化传统等对人思维的影响,所以西方文化塑造了人们认为自己是高度独立的个体。所以cnditin为“塑造”之意。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Western cultures, fr example, shape peple t think f themselves as highly independent entities, whereas East Asian cultures stress cllectivism and interdependence. (例如,西方文化塑造了人们认为自己是高度独立的个体,而东亚文化则强调集体主义和相互依赖。)”可知,蒙古人属于东亚文化,应该强调集体主义。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据文章第五段“In ne f the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States bth shwed a tendency t adjust their prfile phts t the general preferences f their hst cuntry. (在其中一个研究样本中,在日本留学的美国人和在美国留学的日本人都显示出一种倾向,即根据所在国的总体喜好调整自己的头像。)”并结合第一段讲的“西方文化塑造了人们认为自己是高度独立的个体”可推断,在美国留学的韩国人很有可能在Facebk上使用自己的照片。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Facebk cnstitutes an extended scial cntext in which persnal prfiles mirrr varius individual characteristics, private thughts, and scial behavirs,” nted Huang. “As such, the study presents a new apprach t investigate cgnitin and behavirs acrss cultures by using Facebk as a data cllectin platfrm.”(“Facebk构成了一个扩展的社会背景,在这个背景下,个人资料反映了不同的个人特征、私人思想和社会行为,”黄指出。“因此,这项研究提出了一种新的方法,通过使用Facebk作为数据收集平台,来调查跨文化的认知和行为。”)”可推断,黄博士认为Facebk可以帮助研究世界文化的多样性。故选B。
七选五:5.G 6.C 7.A 8.E 9.D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人际关系中的爱恨交织现象及其应对策略。
5.上文“When I think f my friends, I am mstly filled with lve and warmth: I simply can’t wait t see them again fr their affectin and supprt.(当我想到我的朋友时,我大多充满了爱和温暖:我迫不及待地想再次见到他们,得到他们的关爱和支持)”说明作者想到朋友时,大多充满了爱和温暖。结合下文“In the right md, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrng mment, they can drain (耗尽) all my gdwill.(心情好的时候,这些人能让我度过一个充满乐趣的夜晚,但心情不好的时候,他们会耗尽我所有的善意)”推知,空处和前文为转折关系,说明有些朋友给作者带来的是不同的感受。G项中的Hwever表示转折,与上文的“filled with lve and warmth”形成对比,说明有些朋友会激起不同的情感。所以G项“然而,有少数人激起了渴望和恐惧担心的混合体。”符合语境。故选G。
6.上文“Their ambivalence can cme in many frms.(他们的矛盾心理可能以多种形式出现)”说明他们的矛盾心理有多种表现形式。空处承接上文,举例说明矛盾心理的一种表现形式。C项“可能是一个在你需要他支持时却经常不在身边的朋友。”符合语境。故选C。
7.下文“At the very least, yu wuld expect them t be better fr us than ur aversive (令人厌恶的) relatinships.(至少,你会期望他们比我们厌恶的关系对我们更好)”说明人们期望这种爱恨交织的关系能带来一些好处。A项中的“We hpe”与下文的“yu wuld expect”相呼应,“the gd wuld utweigh the bad”与下文的“better fr us than ur aversive relatinships”相契合。所以A项“我们可能希望在这样的关系中,好的一面会超过坏的一面。”符合语境。故选A。
8.上文“Anther study at Brigham Yung University fund that simply knwing an ambivalent cnnectin was nearby as participants prepared t give a speech was enugh t send their bld pressure rcketing.(杨百翰大学的另一项研究发现,当参与者准备演讲时,仅仅知道一个爱恨交织的人就在附近,就足以让他们的血压飙升)”说明即使是无意识的提醒也会让人血压升高。E项中的“even uncnscius reminders”与上文的“simply knwing”相呼应,“break ur peace f mind”与上文的“send their bld pressure rcketing”相契合,进一步说明这种关系的影响。所以E项“事实上,即使是无意识地想起一个爱恨交织的人,也会打破我们的平静。”符合语境。故选E。
9.上文“We can manage ur expectatins and mentally prepare urselves fr the mixed feelings when interacting with frenemies.(在与爱恨交织的人交往时,我们可以管理自己的期望,并在心理上为这种复杂的情感做好准备)”说明我们可以管理自己的期望,为复杂的情感做好准备。D项中的“This helps us”承接上文,“fcus n their gd qualities and shw empathy fr the unpleasant nes”与上文的“manage ur expectatins and mentally prepare urselves”相契合,说明这样做的好处。所以D项“这让我们能够关注他们的优点,并对不愉快的方面表示同情。”符合语境。故选D。
三 完形填空
10.B 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.C 16.B 17.D 18.A 19.D 20.A 21.B 22.C 23.D 24.C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了作者和女儿从洛杉矶赶往多拉斯的路上因汽油不够,最终得到一位善良老人帮助的事。
10.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们在新墨西哥的某个地方快没油了,我们以为我们不久会看到加油站来加满油。A. bus stp公交站;B. gas statin加油站;C. railway statin火车站;D. restaurant餐馆。根据前文“We were running lw n gas”可知,我们没油了,因此是找到加油站来加油,故选B。
11.考查动词词义辨析。句意:但是那个没发生,我们意识到我们没法到达下一个城镇。A. realized意识到;B. decided决定;C. hped希望;D. remembered记得。由上文“But that didn't happen”可知,作者没有找到加油站,所以作者知道他们没法开到下一个城镇,故选A。
12.考查名词词义辨析。句意:因此我的女儿制作一个指示牌“燃油不足,能帮帮我们吗?”,她在车外举着它,希望车道里的司机能注意到它且停下来。A. sng歌曲;B. stry故事;C. sign指示牌;D. scene场景;现场。根据下文“hld it”可知,应该是举着指示牌,故选C。
13.考查介词词义辨析。句意:然后,一辆在我们前面的车正在旁边的车道快乐地开着。A. ahead f在前面;B. abve在上面;C. beside在旁边;D. clse behind紧跟在后面。根据下文“We caught up with it”可知,我们追上它,所以车在我们前面,故选A。
14.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们追上它希望司机能注意到这个指示牌。A. make制作;B. shw展示;C. give给;D. ntice注意到。根据下文“he seemed t have seen the sign”可知,作者希望司机看到指示牌,故选D。
15.考查名词词义辨析。句意:一位年长的绅士正开着车,他脸上露出短暂的困惑后,似乎看到指示牌了并且慢慢停下车来。A. nervusness紧张;B. disappintment失望;C. cnfusin困惑;D. excitement兴奋。根据上文“We caught up with it”可知,我们追上车,司机感到困惑,故选C。
16.考查动词词义辨析。句意:句意:一位年长的绅士正开着车,他脸上露出短暂的困惑后,似乎看到指示牌了并且慢慢停下车来。A. cme来;B. pull使(车辆)转向;C. get得到;D. jump跳跃。根据上文“slwed dwn”可知,车慢慢停下来,pull ver表示“靠边停车”,故选B。
17.考查动词词义辨析。句意:首先,他认为我们没有足够的钱,因此他给我们钱去大约10英里的罗斯威尔城镇买汽油。A. heard听说;B. knew知道;C. discvered发现;D. thught认为。根据下文“When we explained ur _______situatin f nt having enugh gas t get t Rswell”可知,我们解释我们没有足够的油到达罗斯威尔小镇而不是缺钱,所以这个人是误认为我们缺钱,故选D。
18.考查连词词义辨析。句意:首先,他认为我们没有足够的钱,因此他给我们钱去大约10英里的罗斯威尔城镇买汽油。A. s因此;B. while当;在期间;C. but但是;D. fr因为。根据上“At first he ______we didn't have enugh mney,”可知,他认为我们没钱,所以帮助我们,前后是因果关系,故选A。
19.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当我们解释我们没有足够的汽油到达罗斯威尔小镇的困难情况时,他说他是一个农民,刚下班回来。A. familiar熟悉的;B. dangerus危险的;C. similar相似的;D. difficult困难的。由下文“nt having enugh gas t get t Rswell”可知,没有足够的汽油到达罗斯威尔小镇,这是困难的,故选D。
20.考查情态动词词义辨析。句意:他的农场大约10英里远,他们在那有一个气泵,因此如果我们能给他20分钟,他会回到这。A. wuld将;B. shuld应该;C. might或许;D. must必须。根据上句“ if we culd give him 20 minutes,”可知,他还没去取油,所以此处是过去将来时,故填A。
21.考查名词词义辨析。句意:当我们等着他回来时,我们对于这样一个陌生人的友善充满感激。 A. carefulness仔细;B. kindness友善;C. cautiusness谨慎;D. seriusness认真;严肃。根据上文“if we culd give him 20 minutes, he _______ head back there, get a can f gas and fill up ur tank.”可知,这个陌生人帮助我们,所以我们感激他的友善,故选B。
22.考查动词词义辨析。句意:当我们等着他回来时,我们对于这样一个陌生人的友善充满感激。 A. agree同意;B. respnd回应;C. return返回;D. start开始。根据下文“Sure enugh, he was back with the can”可知,他后来回来了,故选C。
23.考查名词词义辨析。句意:果然,他拿着油罐回来了,直接把我们的油箱填满。A. mind思想;B. heart心脏;C. gap缝隙;D. tank(储存液体或气体的)箱;缸。根据上段“fill up ur tank”可知,是填满我们的油箱,故填D。
24.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他拒绝拿我们支付给他的油费,他说“不能帮助有需要的人算什么好人。”A. trust信任;B. thank感谢;C. help帮助;D. accept接受。根据下文“in need”可知,帮助有需要的人,故选C。
四 语法填空
25.reading/t read 26.t infrm 27.previusly 28.a 29.n 30.when 31.dreamed/dreamt 32.are regarded 33.perseverance 34.delighted
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲述了作家们在出版商的评论中最不愿意看到的内容是“我们很遗憾地通知您……”,这会让作家们心情沮丧。然而,成功的作家们都曾经面对过拒绝。文章举例了J.K.罗琳、J.D.塞林格和布朗特三姐妹的经历,说明了坚持不懈是实现梦想的关键。最后,鼓励读者坚持努力,最终会看到“我们很高兴地通知您……”的字样。
25.考查非谓语动词。句意:在出版商的评论中,每个作家最害怕阅读的是什么?分析句子,dread ding/t d sth.“害怕做某事”既可以用不定式也可以用动名词作宾语。故填reading/t read。
26.考查非谓语动词。句意:它是“我们很遗憾地通知您……。regret t d sth.“遗憾做某事”,用不定式作宾语,表示“未发生的动作”。故填t infrm。
27.考查名词。句意:事实上,很多成功的作家以前都面临过拒绝。分析句子设空处使用副词作状语,修饰动词faced,故填previusly。
28.考查冠词。句意:J·K·罗琳在总共被拒绝了12次之后,终于出版了她的第一部《哈利·波特》,并在全球取得了成功。分析句子可知,success此处用作可数名词,此处表示“一次伟大的成功”,表示泛指用不定冠词修饰,故填a。
29.考查介词。句意:另一位著名作家J.D.塞林格不顾几家出版商的批评和拒绝,坚持创作他的小说《麦田里的守望者》,最终出版后,它立即成为畅销书。分析句子,设空处使用介词n,wrk n“致力于”,符合语境。故填n。
30.考查定语从句。句意:勃朗特的三姐妹生活在维多利亚时代的英国,那是一个不鼓励女性成为作家的时代。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰time,从句中作时间状语,用关系副词when引导定语从句,故填when。
31.考查时态。句意:虽然她们梦想着看到自己的作品被出版,但她们经历了许多拒绝,但她们坚持了下来,现在夏洛蒂的《简·爱》、艾米丽的《呼啸山庄》和安妮的《阿格尼斯·格雷》被视为世界文学的经典。dream是谓语动词,根据语境可知,描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时,故填dreamed/dreamt。
32.考查时态语态。句意:同上。分析句子结构可知,but连接并列句,后一分句是由and连接的并列句,由nw可知,用一般现在时,且regard与主语“Charltte’s Jane Eyre,Emily’s Wuthering Heights and Anne’s Agnes Grey”是被动关系,且主语为复数,故填are regarded。
33.考查名词。句意:从上述著名作家的故事中,我们可以得知,是坚持不懈使他们实现了自己的梦想。分析句子可知,that后是强调句型,强调句子的主语,故空处用名词perseverance,不可数名词,故填perseverance。
34.考查形容词。句意:我们很高兴地通知你…。分析句子,设空处使用形容词作表语,表示“高兴的”用delighted,修饰人,表示人的感受。故填delighted。
题号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
答案
C
D
A
B
G
C
A
E
D
B
题号
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
答案
A
C
A
D
C
B
D
A
D
A
题号
21
22
23
24
答案
B
C
D
C
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