【暑假预习】专题15 Unit4 Natural Disasters-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)（含答案）

这是一份【暑假预习】专题15 Unit4 Natural Disasters-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (人教版)（含答案），文件包含暑假预习专题15Unit4NaturalDisasters教师版-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练人教版docx、暑假预习专题15Unit4NaturalDisasters学生版-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练人教版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共18页， 欢迎下载使用。
亮句精讲+名校新真题精练
内容导航
考点聚焦：核心考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和重难点梳理，查漏补缺
牛刀小试：知识点和关键点训练，能力提升
高频考点：模拟新题+提升专练，全面突破
一、考点聚焦
重点速记
考点（一）Unit4 Natural Disasters重点词汇转化总结
核心单词及短语
核心单词
1、ruin n. & v. 破坏;毁坏
2、electricity n. 电;电能
3、disaster n. 灾难;灾害
4、trap v. 使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n. 险境;陷阱
5、emergency n. 突发事件;紧急情况
6、aid n. 援助;帮助;救援物资 v. 帮助;援助
7、bury v. 埋葬;安葬
8、effrt n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
9、wisdm n. 智慧;才智
10、damage v. 损害;破坏 n. 损坏;损失
11、destry v. 摧毁;毁灭
12、affect v. 影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
13、shelter n. 避难处;居所;庇护 v.保护;掩蔽;躲避(风雨或危险)
14、supply n. 供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品 v.供应;供给
（二）高频短语考点（一）
Unit4 Natural Disasters核心单词考点梳理
考点（二）
Unit4 Natural Disasters重点词汇转化总结
考点（三）
Unit4 Natural Disasters语法解析考点梳理
考点（四）
Unit4 Natural Disasters书面表达精讲
考点（五）
Unit4 Natural Disasters牛刀小试
考点（六）
Unit4 Natural Disasters巩固提升
考点（七）
Unit4 Natural Disasters模拟精练
be expected t d被期望;应该
vlcanic eruptin火山爆发
refer t 指的是
rise and fall起落;兴衰;起伏
refuse t d拒绝做某事
as usual像往常一样
as if好像
cme t an end结束;终止
cause damage t对…造成伤害
cut acrss抄近路穿过；径直穿过
lie in ruins成为废墟；破败不堪
blw away 吹走;刮走;使大为惊讶
be in shck=be shcked处于震惊中
g thrugh经历;仔细检查;穿过;做完;用光
fall dwn跌倒;倒塌
n hand在手边;现有;在场
rescue sb. frm sth.把某人从…中营救出来
bury the dead埋葬死者
prvide medical care提供医疗护理
提供某人某物：
prvide sb. with sth.=prvide sth. fr sb.
ffer sb. sth.=ffer sth. t d sb.
ffer t d sth.主动提出干某事
get back n ne’s feet站起来;重新振作起来
in times f在…的时候
in the event f 倘若;万一;如果…发生
tireless effrt不懈的努力
make an effrt t d努力做某事
put up shelters搭建避难所
shelter sb. frm 保护某人免受…
trap sb. int ding sth.诱骗某人做某事
in the pen air在户外
take turns t d轮流做;依次做
crash int撞上;猛撞
sweep away扫去;清除;消灭
ff the cast f在…的沿海;在…海岸附近
n the cast f在…海岸上
at least至少
the number f… …的数字
be affected by被…影响
deliver fd and supplies运送食物和物资
suffer frm遭受;患…病;因…而受苦
keep/stay calm保持冷静
pass n wisdm传递智慧
a fld f大量
cver …with …用…覆盖…
get injured受伤
first aid kit急救箱
考点（二）Unit4 Natural Disasters重点词汇转化总结
1. disaster n.灾难;灾害→disastrus adj.灾难性的
2. dry adj.干旱的→drught n.旱灾→drughtprf adj.抗旱的
3. rescue n.& vt.营救;救援→rescuer n.救援者→rescuee n.被救援者
4. damage vt.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失→damages(复数) n.赔偿金→damaging adj.有破坏性的
5. destry v.摧毁;毁灭→destructin n.破坏;毁灭→destructive adj.破坏(性)的
6. death n.死亡→die v.死亡→dying adj.垂死的→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的
7. affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动→affected adj.受到影响的→affectin n.喜爱→effect n.影响→effective adj.有效的
8. percent n.百分之… adj./adv.每一百中→percentage n.百分比;比例
9. shck n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊→shcked adj.感到震惊的→shcking adj.令人震惊的
→shckingly adv.令人震惊地;非常地(强调不好)→shckprf adj.防电击的
electricity n.电;电能→electric adj.带电的;用电的→electrical adj.电气(学)的;电相关的
11. breathe vi.&vt.呼吸→breath n.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
12. revive vt.&vi.复活;(使)苏醒→revival n.振兴;复苏
13. effrt n.努力→effrtless adj.不费力的;轻松的→effrtlessly adv.不费力地
14. wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的→wisdm n.智慧;才智
15. suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病/痛苦/悲伤等)受苦→suffering n.受难;苦楚→sufferer n.患难者;患病者
16. erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruptin n.喷发
17. survive vi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艰难度过→survival n.幸存;生还→survivr n.幸存者;生还者
18. pwer n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→pwerful adj.强大的→pwerless adj.无力的
19. emergency n.突发事件;紧急情况→emergent adj.紧急的
20. deliver vt.&vi.递送;传达 vt.发表;分娩→delivery n.投递;送交
21. summary n.总结;概要→summarize v.总结
22. lng adj.长的→length n.长;长度→lengthen v.(使)变长
考点（三）Unit4 Natural Disasters语法解析考点梳理
（一）定语从句的概念
(1)定语从句：在复合句中，修饰_______的从句叫作定语从句。
(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫作_______。
(3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词分为__________(that,which,wh,whm,whse)和____________(when,where,why)两类。关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。
（二）关系代词的基本用法
1. that/which
that(修饰人、物，做主语、宾语) which(修饰物，做主语)
（1）The dctr ______ yu are lking fr is in the rm.
（2）The building_______ stands near the river is ur schl.
2.Wh/ whm/ whse
Wh （做主语/宾语） whm （做宾语 ，跟在介词后） whse(做定语)
The student ________is answering the questin is Jhn.
Tm is a freshman________English is fluent.
Mr. Liu is the persn _________yu talked abut n the bus.
考点（四）Unit4 Natural Disasters书面表达精讲
本单元写作: 概 要 写 作
概要写作是一种阅读和写作要求并重的新题型,有准确性、完整性、概括性、客观性、个体性等特点。概要写作提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求阅读原文后根据其内容写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确、结构合理、语意连贯、不得抄写原文,又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。
1、写作步骤
第一步:归纳主旨大意(含段落大意)
概要写作的第一步便是阅读并抓取主题,进而提取主旨大意,即有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点。
阅读语篇时,根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法:
（1）记叙文：圈出记叙文的六要素(wh、 when、 where、 what、 hw、 why),如果是夹叙夹议文,还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意
（2）说明文：找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议
（3）议论文：提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、论证)
第二步:提炼关键词
1、结合主旨大意,细读段落,找出每个段落的主旨句和关键词,区别段落中哪些是main ideas,哪些是supprting ideas、 examples 和additinal infrmatin。通常是在相对重要的句子中提炼关键词。正确的关键词和关键句是概要写作最重要的内容和依据。
2、消减事例,尽量减少事实并省略细节。
第三步:合并和改写
1.合并信息首先需要对信息进行分类、整合,找到信息之间的联系,再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起,但如果联系紧密,且没有支持的细节信息,可以考虑合并。
2.在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写,对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的改变(改词、换句型)。
第四步:核查成文
核查文章句子的连贯性,优先考虑使用连接词(but、 then、 later、 finally、 besides、 thus、 therefre、 yet、 hwever); 核查标点和语法;核查词数。
2、常用语句
1.表示文章的内容以及研究目的
This paper is aimed at/cvers/mainly deals with...
The article fcuses n the tpic f...
This article/passage mainly tells (a stry) abut...
This passage mainly deals with/discusses/explres...
This essay presents knwledge that...
This paper prvides/gives an verview f...
In this passage (abut...), the authr...
The authr began the essay/passage by telling/presenting...
First/Firstly/In the beginning/In the first part,the authr argues/mentins/states/pints ut (that)...
2.表示研究的结论
The result shws that...
The authr finds that...
It is cncluded that...
Finally/As a cnclusin,the authr cncludes/adds/stresses that...
Finally, the authr summarizes that...
3.表示观点或建议
The authr suggests/cnsiders that...
As far as the authr is cncerned...
In the authr's view...
考点（五）Unit4 Natural Disasters牛刀小试
一、识记单词
1._________ n. & v. 破坏;毁坏
2._________n. 电;电能
3._________ n. 灾难;灾害
4._________ v. 使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n. 险境;陷阱
5._________ n. 突发事件;紧急情况
6._________n. 援助;帮助;救援物资 v. 帮助;援助
7._________ v. 埋葬;安葬
8._________ n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
9._________ n. 智慧;才智
10._________ v. 损害;破坏 n. 损坏;损失
11._________ v. 摧毁;毁灭
12._________ v. 影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动
13._________ n. 避难处;居所;庇护 v.保护;掩蔽;躲避(风雨或危险)
14._________ n. 供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品 v.供应;供给
二、拓展单词
1._________ n. 死;死亡→_________adj. 无生命的→_________v. 死亡;消亡;灭亡
2._________ n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 v. (使)震惊→_________ adj. 令人震惊的→_________ adj. 感到震惊的
3._________ v. 呼吸→_________ n. 呼吸的空气→_________ adj. 喘不过气来的
4._________ v. 复活;(使)苏醒→_________ n. 振兴;复苏
5._________v. 遭受;蒙受;(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→_________ n. 折磨;苦难
6._________ v.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出→_________ n. 火山爆发;(战争等)爆发
7._________ n. 电力供应;能量;力量 v. 驱动;快速前进→_________adj.威力强大的;强有力的→_________ adj. 无力的;无影响力的
8._________ n. 影响;结果;效果→_________adj. 有效的;生效的
9._________ n. 长;长度→_________ adj. 长的→_________ v. (使)延长;(使)变长→_________ adj. 漫长的;冗长的
三、重点短语
1.______________对……造成损坏
2.______________ 消灭;彻底消除
3.______________ 震惊;吃惊
4.______________ 保持冷静
5.______________ 像往常一样
6.______________似乎;好像;仿佛
7.______________ 严重受损;破败不堪
8.______________ 露天;在户外
9.______________现有(尤指帮助)
10.______________ 处境危险
考点（七）Unit3 Sprts and Fitness巩固提升
自然灾害种类：disaster________ trnad______ 干旱__________
landslide________ tsunami_________ 洪水__ _____ 地震__________
vlcanic eruptin ________ 台风___________ hurricane___________
灾害描述：magnitude_________ slide __________ 波浪______
damage_________→ _______ __adj. 袭击___________
destry→ _________adj. → _______ __n. tap________
evacuate ______ affect→ ___________adj. → ____________n. 爆发___________
裂痕______ _ 气体___ __ 好像__ ____ 成为废墟_______
使陷于，陷阱_________ bury_______ 撞击________ sweep away_______
灾难中的人及其描述：survive _________→ __________n. 呼吸____________
shck→ ________adj. 震惊__________ revive_______→ ______ __n. 遭受______ wisdm__________ 平静的____________
救援设施：helicpter___________ 庇护所_________ kit bag________
急救___________ electricity ________ 哨子____________
救援工作：努力___ _________ emergency aid____________ n hand____________ deliver_____
→ __________n. 营救__________ 生活必需品 ________ __n.
重点词组
似乎/好像_____________ be shcked t d sth.________________
陷入...中________________ bury neself in________________
深呼吸________________ make an effrt t d sth.-
考点（八）Unit3 Sprts and Fitness模拟精练
Unit4语法填空专项训练
(课文语法填空)Several days befre July 28, 1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan. They were 1.________(sign)fr an earthquake. But peple 2._______ lived there didn't think much f that. At 3: 42 am that day, the earth began 3._______ (shake), which destryed almst all the city in less than ne minute. Many peple, 4. _______ (include) rescue wrkers and dctrs, came 5._______ (rescue) thse wh were trapped under the 6._______ (ruin). Later that afternn, anther big earthquake hit the city. Mre peple were killed r injured and mre buildings fell 7. _______. Very sn the army sent a lt f sldiers t help, and teams were rganised t dig ut the trapped and t bury 8. _______ dead. By and by things imprved and the city began t breathe again. With strng supprt frm the gvernment and the 9._______ (tire) effrts f the city's peple, a new Tangshan 10._______ (build) upn the earthquake ruins.
答案：
signs 2.wh 3.t shake/shaking 4.including 5. t rescue
6.ruins 7.dwn 8.the 9.tireless 10.was built
二、（单元语法填空）
My father wrks in a hspital 1.______ is very famus in ur city. My mther teaches maths in the schl 2.______ I study in. She likes watching TV plays 3.______ leading actrs are very famus. I am a by 4.______ likes playing basketball. I have several gd friends5. ______I ften play basketball with.
One day, I went ut t the city stadium t play basketball with several f my friends, 6.______ hmes are nt far frm mine. Hwever, a terrible matter ccurred when we were playing happily,7. ______ made ne f my legs hurt. Frtunately, the stadium where we were playing is nt far frm a clinic, s I was treated by a dctr 8. ______ is skilled. Later, I was sent hme by my friends, 9. ______ help makes me thankful. Frm this case, I knw that the mre attentin I pay, the less pain I will get, 10. ______ is really a live lessn.
答案1.that/which 2.that/which 3.whse 4.wh/that 5.wh/whm/that 6.whse 7.which 8.wh/that 9.whse 10.which
三、（拓展语法填空）
Earthquakes Arund the Pacific
The wrld 1.______ (strike) by a large number f earthquakes every day, abut 5 millin in a year.
China is situated in ne f the mst active earthquake regins in the wrld and there have been many terrible earthquakes. The mst serius 2. ______these ccurred in Hua Cunty, Shaanxi Prvince in 1556. The earthquake affected several prvinces in central China. In sme cmmunities, 60 percent f the ppulatin were killed. 3. ______ (ttal), 830,000 peple lst their lives.
The Califrnia earthquake f April 18, 1906 is the wrst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States. It tk place at arund 5: 12 am,4. ______ lasted fr nly a minute. Hwever, it caused the wrst 5. ______ (nature) disaster in the natin's histry.
Fires caused by the Califrnia earthquake 6. ______ (d) the mst damage. The fires burned fr three days 7.______ (destry) lts f buildings. Over 700 peple were killed in the city f San Francisc and many were made hmeless. In the whle f Califrnia, the earthquake and fires caused abut 3,000 8. ______ (death).
______ 1906 earthquake was caused by a mvement n the San Andreas Fault. One hundred years later, mvements n the San Andreas Fault cntinue 10.______ (cause) prblems fr the whle f Califrnia.
答案：1.is struck 2.f 3.Ttally 4.and 5.natural
6.did 7.destrying 8.deaths 9.The 10. t cause
四、（拓展语法填空）
Earthquakes are smething that peple fear. There are sme places that have few r n earthquakes. Mst places in the wrld, hwever, have them1.______ (regular) . Cuntries that have a lt f earthquakes are usually quite 2.______(muntain) .
The earthquake which 3.______(talk) abut mst in the United States was in San Francisc in 1906. Many peple 4.______(die) in it. The strngest ne in Nrth America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska. Strng earthquakes are nt always the nes 5.______ kill the mst peple. In 1755, ne f the strngest earthquakes ever 6.______ (recrd) was felt in Prtugal. Mre than 60, 000 peple died. In 1923, a very strng earthquake hit Tky, the Ykhama area f Japan. 100 7.______( thusand ) peple died. Mst f them died in fires which fllwed the earthquake. One f the wrst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed 8.______ large number f peple. The wrst earthquake ever recrded was als in China. This earthquake happened in 2008.
Earthquakes wrry peple a lt. The reasn is that we ften d nt knw when they 9.______(cme) . Peple can nt prepare 10.______ them.
答案: 1.regularly 2.muntainus 3.was talked 4.died 5.that
6.recrded 7.thusand 8. a 9.are cming 10.fr
(写作语法填空)
Over the past few years, there have been 1.______ （vary） natural disasters, such as earthquakes, sandstrms,frest fires, hurricanes, flds and s frth, ccurring wrldwide, 2.______ have killed millins f peple and destryed cuntless hmes.
There are several reasns 3.______ (cntribute) t these frequent disasters. T begin with, s verppulated is the earth 4.______peple have been verexpliting natural resurces. In additin, with frests cut dwn, grasses dug up, 5.______ lakes turned int fields, nt nly has the ecsystem been 6.______(serius) damaged, but the envirnment has been badly plluted.
It is ur jint 7.______(effrt) that can make a difference. Therefre, I strngly advise everyne 8.______(becme) aware f the imprtance f envirnmental prtectin and take immediate 9.______(act) , ranging frm saving water, taking public transprt, planting trees 10.______ recycling waste.
答案：1.varius 2.which 3.cntributing 4.that 5.and
6.seriusly 7.effrts 8.t becme 9.actin 10.t