高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters巩固练习

必修一 Unit4 Natural Disasters

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words or phrases from the list. Make sure to use each word or phrase only once.

1. The           of the earthquake was measured at 6.8 on the Richter scale.
2. The __________ caused by the volcanic eruption was immense, leaving many towns in _________.
3. The government launched a ___________ operation to rescue the trapped survivors using helicopters.
4. After the heavy rainfall, a          occurred, burying several houses.
5. As the floodwaters continued to rise, many families had no choice but to ___________ their homes.

6. She was in __________ when she heard the news of her friend's tragic death.
7. In the aftermath of the typhoon, there was a desperate need for ____________ supplies and      .
8. The ____________ of the tsunami was beyond imagination, leaving coastal communities in ruins.
9. The earthquake caused several buildings to __________, and many roads developed large cracks.
10. The hurricane's strong winds __________ trees and damaged power lines, causing widespread power outages.

Exercise 2 Reading comprehension

   Natural disasters are powerful and unpredictable events that can have devastating consequences for both human communities and the environment. From earthquakes and tsunamis to hurricanes and wildfires, these events can strike without warning, leaving a trail of destruction in their wake. Understanding the causes and impacts of natural disasters is crucial for mitigating their effects and ensuring the safety and well-being of affected populations.

   One of the most common and destructive natural disasters is the earthquake. Earthquakes occur when there is a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, resulting in seismic waves that shake the ground. The severity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter scale, which indicates its magnitude. The higher the magnitude, the more powerful and potentially damaging the earthquake can be. When an earthquake strikes populated areas, buildings can collapse, roads can be destroyed, and people can be injured or killed. In addition to the initial impact, earthquakes can also trigger landslides and tsunamis, further exacerbating the devastation.

   Tsunamis, another type of natural disaster, are often caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. These giant ocean waves can travel at high speeds across vast distances, making them especially dangerous for coastal communities. When a tsunami approaches the shore, it can inundate low-lying areas, destroying buildings and infrastructure in its path. Early warning systems and evacuation plans are essential for minimizing the loss of life in the event of a tsunami.

   Hurricanes, also known as cyclones or typhoons in different regions, are powerful tropical storms that can wreak havoc on coastal areas. Formed over warm ocean waters, hurricanes gather strength and size as they move across the water. When a hurricane makes landfall, it brings with it strong winds, heavy rainfall, and storm surges. The combination of these factors can lead to widespread flooding, extensive property damage, and disruptions to power and water supplies. Preparedness and evacuation measures are crucial for safeguarding communities in hurricane-prone regions.

   Wildfires are another significant natural disaster, often fueled by dry conditions, high temperatures, and strong winds. These fast-spreading fires can consume vast areas of forests and grasslands, posing a threat to wildlife, property, and human lives. Wildfire management and prevention strategies, such as controlled burns and firebreaks, play a crucial role in reducing the intensity and impact of these fires.

   In conclusion, natural disasters are powerful and complex events that can have far-reaching effects on communities and ecosystems. While they cannot be prevented entirely, understanding their causes and implementing effective preparedness and response measures can help minimize their impact. Governments, communities, and individuals must work together to create resilient and adaptive strategies to cope with the challenges posed by natural disasters.

1.       What causes earthquakes?

a)         Hurricanes

b)        Volcanic eruptions

c)         Wildfires

d)        Tectonic plate movement

2.       How is the severity of an earthquake measured?

a)         Wind speed

b)        Richter scale

c)         Rainfall amount

d)        Temperature

3.       What is the primary factor that fuels the intensity and spread of wildfires?

a)         High humidity

b)        Heavy rainfall

c)         Dry conditions and strong winds

d)        Low temperatures

4.       What is a crucial element in minimizing the loss of life during a tsunami?

a)         Early warning systems and evacuation plans

b)        Reinforcing buildings

c)         Stockpiling food supplies

d)        Using helicopters for rescue operations

5.       Why is understanding the causes and impacts of natural disasters important?

a)         To predict the weather accurately

b)        To increase tourism in disaster-prone areas

c)         To mitigate their effects and ensure safety

d)        To create thrilling adventure experiences for people

Exercise 3

   It was a day I will never forget. The tsunami struck unexpectedly, catching everyone off guard. A massive tornado tore through the town, leaving a path of 1  and devastation in its wake. The tsunami reached an unimaginable magnitude , and the 2   was immense.

   In the aftermath of the disaster, 3   responders rushed to 4   those trapped or injured. The rescue team worked tirelessly to 5   survivors from the debris. The length of the disaster was overwhelming, with ruins of homes and buildings, leaving the town in shock.

   Amidst the destruction and devastation, stories of 6   emerged. People displayed incredible  7  and courage as they came together to unify resources and aid to those in need. Strangers turned into heroes, extending a helping hand to their fellow citizens.

   The town faced a long road to 8  . With electricity lines down and gas supplies disrupted, basic amenities became scarce. But the resilient community showed 9  strength, using every effort available to revive a sense of normalcy. As the days passed, hope and determination acted as a whistle, and the collective emergency helped heal the wounds.

   The mignitude of the disaster brought to light the importance of disaster preparedness and response. Community drills and training sessions were organized to better 10  the residents for future disasters.

   In the end, the disaster had a lasting effect on the town. It served as a painful reminder of the force of nature and how vulnerable we are in the face of such calamities. But it also showed the true strength of the human spirit, the power of unity, and the 11  to overcome adversity.

   As the town slowly moved from ruin to recovery, a sense of revival hung in the air. The experience had changed everyone, leaving them 12  and more appreciative of life's fragility. They vowed never to take anything for granted again.

   In the years that followed, the town transformed itself, not just physically but 13  . The disaster had sparked a revival, and the community emerged stronger and more connected than ever before.

   Today, the town stands as a testament to the resilience of the human spirit. While scars from the disaster remain, they serve as a 14    of the community's ability to survive and 15   , no matter what challenges they face. They have become a shining example of hope and solidarity for others facing similar hardships.

1. A. destruction B. recovery C. safety D. chaos
2. A. length B. magnitude C. strength D. impact
3. A. rescue B. survival C. emergency D. recovery
4. A. destory B. effort C. breathe D. rescue
5. A. aid B. shelter C. rebuild D. evacuate
6. B. survival C. emergency D. recovery A. ruin
7. A. length B. impact C. magnitude D. strength
8. A. ruin  B. recovery C. safety D. impact
9. A. remarkable  B. whistle C. emergency D. impact 
10. A. prepare B. aid C. shelter D. rebuild
11. A. revival B. aid  C. ability D. impact
12. A. in shock B. revival C. in ruins D. impact
13. A. emotionally B. ruin C. revival D. recovery
14. A. revival B. survival C. emotionally D. reminder
15. A. ability B. impact C. effect D. rebuild

答案Answers:

Exercise1: magnitude damage ruins rescue landslide evacuate

        shock emergency aid impact collapse destroyed

Exercise2: d b c a c

Exercise3: A D C D D A D B A C C A A D D