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所属成套资源:高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(上海专用)
专题23 句子翻译(上)-高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(上海专用)
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这是一份专题23 句子翻译(上)-高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(上海专用),文件包含专题23句子翻译上解析版docx、专题23句子翻译上原题版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共51页, 欢迎下载使用。
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 题型综述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解题攻略2
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考练场19
\l "_Tc148898657" 变式演练2 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 1
上海高考英语汉译英,要求考生把中文的句子根据题目所给的提示词,通顺地翻译成符合英语表达习惯的句子。它不仅对学生的英语词汇和常见表达等有比较高的要求,同时考查了学生对英语的动词时态、语态、名词的数、冠词、副词和形容词等的理解和应用能力,并且进一步对词组、句型和句子结构进行了全面综合考查。因此在解题的过程中,可以按照下面要点解题。
(1)分析句子结构、寻找合适的句型
中文必须仔细读,一定要看的就是题目给我们的关键字。一般来说,中译英的句型可分为三大类:1.简单句;2.并列句;3.复合句;同时我们也要注意非谓语动词及其他一些特殊结构。回顾近几年的高考试题时,也不难发现试题中考了一些特殊句式。如:it句型、倒装句、with结构。
(2)明确考核要点、选择词语搭配
在高考翻译题中,我们也不难发现,每一句常含有二、三个词语搭配,翻译时稍不注意就会失分。因此,在做每一道中译英题时,首先要确定句中几组(个)动词或动词词组,然后选定恰当的词语以及相应的搭配,尤其要注意括号内所给词语的准确运用。
(3)确定时态和语态、注意前后呼应
时态语态一直是英语考试中考查的重点。正确的思路应该是首先浏览全句中文,要能够做到根据句中的时间状语和字里行间所给出的提示来定位一个基本时态,即主句的动词时态,而其他动词必须与之呼应。
(4)了解文化差异、避免中式英语
注重中英文表述习惯的不同之处,克服母语造成的潜在障碍,翻译时,切忌将两种语言对等地进行交换,尤其是对成语、俗语的翻译,否则就贻笑大方了。成语如:固执己见、引人入胜、爱不释手、鼎力相助、三言两语等。
审题——读全中文,看清所给词。
翻译——找准主干,选对句型(避免中文式英语),注意灵活意译。
检查——检查单词的拼写、大小写和标点符号;名词的单复数;动词的时态、语态和主谓一致;句子的完整性。
上海高考中译英策略漫谈
一)、确立主干及句子类型
正确分析英语句子结构是翻译的基础。常见的基本句型有下面三种
简单句: 只包含一个主谓结构的句子
并列句: 包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子,句与句之间通常用连词或分号来连接
主从句: 包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子,从句必须由从属连词引导
(2025年金山一模)
52. 国产品牌正在不遗余力地争取更大的市场份额。(share)
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【答案】Dmestic brands are sparing n effrts t gain a larger market share.
【解析】
【详解】考查考查简单句及名词短语、动词短语和时态。本句为简单句,只包含一个主谓结构。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知,表示“国产品牌”应为名词短语Dmestic brands;表示“不遗余力做某事”应为动词短语spare n effrts t d;表示“争取更大的市场份额”应为动词短语gain a larger market share;结合句意可知,该句应为陈述正在发生的事情,为现在进行时。故翻译为:Dmestic brands are sparing n effrts t gain a larger market share.
(2025年松江一模)
55. 这位工匠在筷子制作方面的贡献无人能及,这项荣誉非他莫属。 (deserve) (汉译英)
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【答案】The craftsman has made a far greater cntributin t chpstick making than thers, and nbdy but he deserves the hnr.
【解析】
【详解】考查并列句及比较级。“工匠”可表示为craftsman;“在……方面的贡献无人能及”表达的是“在……上做出了比别人更高的贡献”,应用比较级结构,make a cntributin t...意为“对……做出贡献”,表示比较时应在cntributin前加greater,用表示程度的far修饰greater,用than引出比较对象thers,这里表示过去的动作对现在的影响,应用现在完成时;“筷子制作”可表示为chpstick making;“这项荣誉非他莫属”可表示为nbdy but he deserves the hnr,陈述的是现实,应用一般现在时。前后句之间表示并列,应用and连接并列句。故本句可翻译为:The craftsman has made a far greater cntributin t chpstick making than thers, and nbdy but he deserves the hnr.
(2025年长宁一模)
53. 无论你下月是否离职,做好手头的工作非常重要,这是你人品的体现。(essential)
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【答案】Whether yu (will) quit/resign next mnth r nt, it's essential t d well in the wrk at hand, as it reflects yur character.
【解析】
【详解】考查从句和时态。“无论……是否”为Whethe nt,引导让步状语从句。从句用一般将来时,也可用一般现在时表示将来。“离职”为 quit/resign 。“做…….非常重要”为 it's essential t d sth,“做好手头的工作”为d well in the wrk at hand;“这是你人品的体现”处理成as引导的原因状语从句。陈述客观事实,为一般现在时。所以翻译为:as it reflects yur character。故翻译为:Whether yu (will) quit/resign next mnth r nt, it's essential t d well in the wrk at hand, as it reflects yur character.
(2025年奉贤一模)
54. 虽然这部经典老片在1998年首映,但当它本月重新上映时,依然在影迷中引起了极大的反响。(release) (汉译英)
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【答案】Althugh this classic film was first released in 1998, it still generated/arused/caused a huge respnse/feedback amng fans when it was re-released this mnth.
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句,时间状语从句和动词。整句描述过去的事情,用一般过去时,“虽然这部经典老片在1998年首映”用Althugh引导的让步状语从句,“这部经典老片”译为this classic film,“上映”用动词release,和主语之间是被动关系,用被动语态,所以前半句译为Althugh this classic filmwas first released in 1998,“但当它本月重新上映时”用when引导的时间状语从句,“重新上映”用动词re-release,所以时间状语从句译为when it was re-released this mnth,“引起极大的反响”译为generate/aruse/cause a huge respnse/feedback,“在影迷中”译为amng fans,所以主句译为it still generated/arused/caused a huge respnse/feedback amng fans。故整句翻译为Althugh this classic filmwas first released in 1998, it still generated/arused/caused a huge respnse/feedback amng fans when it was re-released this mnth.
二)、分析所给提示词的词性及用法
历年高考汉译英的考查,在每句汉语句子后面的括号内都会给出翻译成英文时必须用到的词,这是为了直接考查某些语言点,同时也限制了翻译方法的数量。
(2025年崇明一模)
54. 对于失业者来说,重要的是保持积极的心态,不断学习,提升自己在就业市场上的竞争力。(matter)
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【考点】本句所给词matter做动词用“要紧”,对应句中中文“重要的是”,故翻译为:what matters mst really matters
【答案】Fr the unemplyed, what matters is t maintain a psitive attitude, keep learning and imprve their cmpetitiveness in the jb market.
【解析】“对于失业者来说” 用 Fr the unemplyed ;“重要的是” 用 what matters is... ,what 引导主语从句;“保持积极的心态” 是 maintain a psitive attitude,“不断学习” 是 keep learning ,“提升自己在就业市场上的竞争力” 是 imprve their cmpetitiveness in the jb market ,这几个部分用 and 连接,作表语。
(2025年长宁一模)
54. 这个被晨雾、悦耳鸟鸣声和隐约的狗吠声包围的边陲小镇,慢慢地从酣睡中苏醒了。(envelp)
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【考点】本句所给词envelp做名词用“信封”;此处做动词用引申为“包围”,对应句中中文“被晨雾、悦耳的鸟鸣声和隐约的狗吠声包围的”,故翻译为: envelped in (the early) mrning mist, tuneful bird calls and distant dg barks/faint barking f dgs
【答案】The frntier/brder twn, envelped in (the early) mrning mist, tuneful bird calls and distant dg barks/faint barking f dgs, is slwly/gradually/ waking up frm a sund sleep.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。陈述现在正在进行的动作,用现在进行时。“这个边陲小镇”为The frntier/brder twn,“被晨雾、悦耳的鸟鸣声和隐约的狗吠声包围的”处理成非谓语动词作定语,envelp与twn之间为被动关系,所以此处使用过去分词形式作定语,翻译为envelped in (the early) mrning mist, tuneful bird calls and distant dg barks/faint barking f dgs;表示“慢慢地”为slwly/gradually,作状语;“从酣睡中苏醒”为wake up frm a sund sleep。故翻译为The frntier/brder twn, envelped in (the early) mrning mist, tuneful bird calls and distant dg barks/faint barking f dgs, is slwly/gradually/ waking up frm a sund sleep.
(2025年徐汇一模)
55. 这场演唱会的舞台设计以创新和高科技元素而闻名,给观众带来无与伦比的视听感受。(experience)
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【考点】本句所给词experience做动词用“经历”;此处做名词用意思为“感受”,对应句中中文“无与伦比的视听感受”,故翻译为:unique audi-visual experience
【答案】The stage design f the cncert is knwn fr its innvatin and high-tech elements, bringing the audience unparalleled/unmatched/incmparable/unique audi-visual experience.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词(短语)、动词短语、形容词和非谓语动词。句子可看作介绍当前的情况,时态宜用一般现在时;主语“这场演唱会的舞台设计”可用名词短语the stage design f the cncert,为单数,“以……而闻名”可用动词短语be knwn fr,be动词应用is,宾语“创新和高科技元素”可用名词短语its innvatin and high-tech elements;“给观众带来无与伦比的视听感受”可看作是随谓语行为自然发生的结果,处理为现在分词作结果状语,“给……带来……”可用动词短语bring sb. sth.,“观众”可用名词the audience,“视听感受”可用名词短语audi-visual experience,“无与伦比的”可用形容词unparalleled、unmatched、incmparable或unique。故可译为:The stage design f the cncert is knwn fr its innvatin and high-tech elements, bringing the audience unparalleled/unmatched/incmparable/unique audi-visual experience.
【拓展】
【例1】【2018年6月高考题】. 妈妈将闹钟设为每六小时响一次,提醒自己该给宝宝量体温了。(reminder)
【考点】as a reminder t d/f sth./that...
【难点】“提醒自己”用名词表达:a reminder fr herself
参考译文:
Mm sets the alarm clck t ring every six hurs as a reminder fr herself t take the baby’s temperature.
/Mm sets the alarm clck ringing every six hurs as a reminder t take her baby's temperature.
【例2】人们现在随时能在超市买到新鲜牛奶。(available)
【答案】Nwadays fresh milk can available t peple at anytime at the supermarket.
【思路解析】句中动词“买到”转换为形容词短语“sth. be available t sb”, 且注意中英文语序发生了变化。
【例3】学生不能进入教师阅览室。 ( access n.)
【答案】Students have n access t the teachers’ reading rm.
【思路解析】句中动词“进入”转换为含名词短语“have/get access t”, 词性发生了变化。
【例4】网上支付方便了用户,但是牺牲了他们的隐私。(at the cst f)
【答案】Online payment makes it easier fr users, but (it is) at the cst f their privacy
【思路解析】句中动词“牺牲了”转换为含名词短语“at the cst f ”, 词性发生了变化。
三)、语序调整
通常,汉语词序是:限定性定语+国别定语+时间、地点定语+数量、种类、次第等定语+判断性定语+陈述性定语+本质性定语+中心词。而英语的词序则常是:冠词、指示词+不定代词、名词所有格、序量词等+表达主观判断的定语+描述客观表象的定语+国别定语+原料材质+用途定语+中心词。
当过多的定语词组出现时,可以通过用in或f等介词引导的定语词组或者用that或which等连词引导的定语从句对部分定语进行后置处理,以此来保持结构上的平衡。需要注意的是:汉语里没有后置定语。
(2025年黄浦区一模)
55. 包括新手小白和高级玩家在内的多位受访者表示,他们热衷于攀岩是因为这项运动需要他们富有创造性地解决问题。(range)
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【答案】
A dzen interviewees, ranging frm beginners t prfessinals, said they were enthusiastic abut rck climbing because it required them t slve prblems creatively.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态、非谓语动词、宾语从句和原因状语从句。陈述过去事情,用一般过去时;“多位”翻译为a dzen,后接可数名词的复数形式;“受访者”用名词interviewee;“包括”用短语range ,在句中作定语,与interviewees之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词形式;“新手小白”用名词beginner;“高级玩家”用名词prfessinal;“表示”用动词say,后接宾语从句;“热衷于”用短语be enthusiastic abut;“攀岩”翻译为rck climbing;“因为”用连词because,引导原因状语从句;“需要某人做某事”用短语require sb. t d sth.;“解决问题”翻译为slve prblems ;“创造性地”用副词creatively,故宾语从句译为they were enthusiastic abut rck climbing because it required them t slve prblems creatively,结构、意义完整,使用that引导,that可省略。翻译时,厘清主句从句关系,化繁为简,适当调整句子语序。故翻译为:A dzen interviewees, ranging frm beginners t prfessinals, said they were enthusiastic abut rck climbing because it required them t slve prblems creatively.
(2025年普陀区一模)
54. 这座几经战乱的城堡俯瞰这座城市,见证了它在过去五百年的兴衰。(verlk)
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【答案】The castle, which has experienced several wars, verlks the city and has witnessed its rise and fall in the past five hundred years.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。“这座几经战乱的城堡”,“几经战乱” 作定语修饰 “城堡”,可使用定语从句,“城堡” the castle 作先行词,在从句中作主语,用关系代词 which 引导,“经历” 用 experience,
“几次” 用 several,“战乱” 用 war,根据语境,用现在完成时,表示过去的动作对现在的影响,即 has experienced several wars;“俯瞰这座城市”,“俯瞰” 是 verlk,这里描述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是 the castle,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 verlks;“见证了它在过去五百年的兴衰”,“见证” 用 witness,“兴衰” 用 rise and fall,“在过去五百年” 用 in the past five hundred years,用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作,即 has witnessed its rise and fall in the past five hundred years。故整句翻译为 The castle, which has experienced several wars, verlks the city and has witnessed its rise and fall in the past five hundred years.
【拓展】
【例1】博物馆疏于管理,展品积灰,门厅冷清,急需改善。(whse)(2019上海春考)
【答案】The museum,whse exhibits are dusty, badly needs t be imprved because f its few visitrs and pr management.
【思路解析】此句中文表达简洁,多为四字格,疏于管理nt well managed/management is reckless,被灰尘覆盖be cvered with dust/be piled with dust,游客稀少few visitrs ,亟需改善be badly in need f imprvement/requires immediate imprvement 。翻译时,厘清主句从句关系,化繁为简,适当调整句子语序。故翻译为his museum is nt well managed whse exhibits are cvered with dust and there are few visitrs s everything is badly in need f imprvement.或The museum whse management is reckless whse exhibits are piled with dust and whse lbby is deserted /requires immediate imprvement.
【例2】在线预订出租车虽然很时尚,但许多相关问题尚待解决。(as)
【答案】Fashinable as bking taxis nline is, many related prblems remain t be slved.
【思路解析】根据中文所给提示词,as 当“虽然,尽管” 引导让步状语从句需用倒装语序。
四)、语态对译
在解题时,学生对句子的时态和语态的把握时一大难点。在评分时,考生在时态和语态每出现一次错误都会被扣一分,因此必须对此给予足够的重视。在翻译前,考生需要先通读全句,然后确定基本时态。
(2025年闵行一模)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52.这位幼儿园退休教师最近迷上了烹饪。(fnd)
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【答案】The retired kindergarten teacher has been fnd f cking recently.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。“这位幼儿园退休教师” 翻译为 The retired kindergarten teacher ,“迷上” 翻译为 be fnd f,“烹饪” 翻译为 ck,“最近” 翻译为 recently。表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作,用现在完成进行时。故翻译为 The retired kindergarten teacher has been fnd f cking recently.
(2025年长宁一模)
52. 北京烤鸭烤好时,香味让所有外国食客都垂涎三尺了。(by the time)
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【答案】By the time the Peking duck was rasted/dne/ready, the smell had made all the freign diners’ muths water.
【解析】
【详解】考查从句和时态。本句是时间状语从句,使用了“by the time”结构,表示“到了……时候”。从句为一般过去时,主句为过去完成时。“北京烤鸭烤好时”翻译成一般过去时被动语态。“北京烤鸭”为the Peking duck ,为主语。“烤好”为翻译为:was rasted/dne/ready。“香味”为the smell,“所有外国食客”为all the freign diners。make ne’s muth water是固定搭配,表示“让某人垂涎欲滴”。故翻译为:By the time the Peking duck
(2025年金山一模)
54. 针对出游高峰期交通堵塞中司机可能半路上打瞌睡的问题,现已推出无人机唤醒服务。(intrduce)
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【答案】T deal with the prblem that drivers may fall asleep halfway in traffic jams during peak travel hurs, wake-up call services frm drnes have been intrduced.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态及不定式。前半句可以用不定式作目的状语从句,针对……的为题译为“t deal with the prblem”,后面说的是问题的内容,处理成同位语从句用that连接,“出游高峰期交通堵塞中司机可能半路上打瞌睡”译为“drivers may fall asleep halfway in traffic jams during peak travel hurs”,“无人机唤醒服务”译为“wake-up call services frm drnes”,是本句的主语,谓语“推出”用动词intrduce,根据句意应用现在完成时的被动语态,和主语之间是被动关系,所以后半句译为“wake-up call services frm drnes have been intrduced”,故翻译为T deal with the prblem that drivers may fall asleep halfway in traffic jams during peak travel hurs, wake-up call services frm drnes have been intrduced.
(2025年普陀区一模)
54. 这座几经战乱的城堡俯瞰这座城市,见证了它在过去五百年的兴衰。(verlk)
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【答案】The castle, which has experienced several wars, verlks the city and has witnessed its rise and fall in the past five hundred years.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。“这座几经战乱的城堡”,“几经战乱” 作定语修饰 “城堡”,可使用定语从句,“城堡” the castle 作先行词,在从句中作主语,用关系代词 which 引导,“经历” 用 experience,“几次” 用 several,“战乱” 用 war,根据语境,用现在完成时,表示过去的动作对现在的影响,即 has experienced several wars;“俯瞰这座城市”,“俯瞰” 是 verlk,这里描述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是 the castle,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 verlks;“见证了它在过去五百年的兴衰”,“见证” 用 witness,“兴衰” 用 rise and fall,“在过去五百年” 用 in the past five hundred years,用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作,即 has witnessed its rise and fall in the past five hundred years。故整句翻译为 The castle, which has experienced several wars, verlks the city and has witnessed its rise and fall in the past five hundred years.
五)、适当增补与替代
由于汉英两种语言的差异,汉译英时往往需要补充汉语原文为了语言简洁而省去的词语或没有的词类,以使译文符合英语语法的要求。增补的词多为冠词(英语多特有)、代词或名词(充当句子的主语、宾语、定语等成分)、连词或介词等。中西文化差异的存在使得英语和汉语包含着许多文化色彩浓厚且不易被译文读者所理解的词语。因此在翻译过程中需要使用增词译法或使用替代换词,把相关文化背景知识翻译出来。
(2025年崇明一模)
53. 无论在人生的哪个阶段,能为所追求的目标努力奋斗就是件幸福的事情。(stage)
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N matter what stage f life ne is at, it is a happy thing t strive fr the gals ne pursues.
【解析】“无论在人生的哪个阶段” 用 N matter what stage f life ne is at,n matter what 引导让步状语从句;“能为所追求的目标努力奋斗” 中,“努力奋斗” 是 strive fr ,“所追求的目标” 用定语从句修饰 gals,ne pursues ,it 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。翻译时,厘清句子结构,根据需要补上句子主语。
(2025年宝山一模)
此时此刻,每个人的决定都很关键,因为时间已经不多了。(critical)
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At this mment, everyne's decisin is critical because there is nt much time left.
【解析】 “此时此刻” 可表达为 At this mment ,“关键的” 用 critical ,“时间已经不多了” 常见表达为 there is nt much time left ,用 because 引导原因状语从句。翻译时,厘清句子结构,根据需要补上there be句型。
(2025年松江一模)
54. 天气不好,孩子们心心念念的露天音乐会只能推迟两周举行。 (Due t...) (汉译英)
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【答案】Due t the bad weather, the utdr cncert that/which the children have been lking frward t has been pstpned fr tw weeks.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、定语从句、动词语态。表示“由于”用due t,句首单词首字母大写。表示“恶劣的天气”用the bad weather,作Due t的宾语。表示“露天音乐会”用the utdr cncert,作主语。表示“推迟”用pstpne,与主语为被动关系,且事情已经发生,且对现在有影响,句子用现在完成时的被动语态。表示“两周”用tw weeks,用fr tw weeks作时间状语。表示“孩子们心心念念的”用定语从句,从句中:表示“孩子们”用the children,作主语;表示“期待”用lk frward t,这一动作开始于过去,持续到现在,并将继续持续下去,句子应用现在完成进行时,又因主语是复数,所以助动词用have;本空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是the utdr cncert,指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语,应用关系代词that/which引导。故翻译为Due t the bad weather, the utdr cncert that/which the children have been lking frward t has been pstpned fr tw weeks.翻译时,根据语法需要,增加表示原因的短语“due t”;删去原文“只能”,不必翻译。
【拓展】
【例1】他虽然退休了,但仍然关心着公司的业务。
【答案】Thugh he has retired, he still cares abut the cmpany’s business.
【思路解析】从句“但仍然关心着公司的业务”中文主语省略了,翻译时候主句需加上主语“he”.
【例2】这款手机样式新颖、携带方面,深受年轻人的欢迎。 (2005上海高考)
【答案】The mbile phne is fashinable in style and cnvenient t carry, s it is very ppular with yungsters.
/The mbile phne is fashinable in style and cnvenient t carry, and it is very ppular with yungsters.
【思路解析】中文两个分句有因果关系或并列关系,故翻译时,当并列句需加“and”;当主从句时,需加上从属连词“s”。
【例3】根据科学家们的看法,自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表面土壤。
【答案】Accrding t scientists, it takes nature 500 years t create an inch f tpsil.
【思路解析】根据英语表达,此处“看法”可以省略不必翻译。
【例4】究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性?(mtivate)(2019上海春考)
【答案】What n earth mtivated Xia Wang t study / learn electrnic engineering?
/What was it that mtivated Xia Wang t study / learn electrnic engineering?
【思路解析】根据英语表达及句子成分分析,此处“的积极性”可以省略不必翻译。
【例5】 物理课上,他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail) (2006上海春考)
【答案】In the physics class, he failed t understand what Prfessr Wang was talking abut.
【思路解析】根据英语表达及句子成分分析,此处“的内容”可以省略不必翻译。
六)、直译和意译
直译和意译没有明确界限,往往是一句汉语整体可以直译,但局部(特别是成语和俗语)却要通过意译。注意逻辑主语的变化。最近高考中出现的像“三言两语”、“固执己见”、“坐失良机”、“横贯平原”、“引人入胜”、“爱不释手”、“欣喜若狂”、“鼎立相助”、“一事无成”、“刮目相看”、“有求必应”等,可谓都是地道的中文,初看给人一种高深莫测的感觉,但仔细想来,在理解基础上,都是可以用学过的短语来翻译的。
如:
“三言两语”--“很少的语言”in a few wrds
“固执己见”――“坚持自己的看法”stick t ne’s pinin
“坐失良机”――“失去好机会”miss/lss the gd/glden chance/pprtunity
“横贯平原”――“穿过平原”crss/run acrss the plain
“引人入胜”――“非常吸引人”s attractive, s fascinating
“爱不释手”――“不忍心把它放在一边”can’t stand parting with it/leaving it aside
“欣喜若狂”――“高兴得不得了”be wild with jy/verjyed
“鼎立相助”――“尽我所能地帮助你”make the greatest effrts /d ur best/try every means pssible t help yu
“一事无成”――“什么事都不能被做成”nthing can be dne/achieved
“刮目相看”――“用不同的眼光、态度看待别人”lk at sb differently/with new eyes/regard sb in a ttally different light
“有求必应”――“总是乐于帮助别人”be always ready t help
(2025年嘉定一模)
53. 在当前乃至未来很长一段时间,人工智能并非无所不能。 (far frm) (汉译英)
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【答案】Artificial intelligence is far frm being equal t anything at present and fr a lng time t cme.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词和固定短语。表示“人工智能”用artificial intelligence,作主语,表示“远不是”用be far frm,句子描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,主语Artificial intelligence为单数,be动词用is,表示“无所不能”用be equal t anything,用动名词形式,作介词frm的宾语,表示“在当前乃至未来很长一段时间”用固定短语at present and fr a lng time t cme,作时间状语。故翻译为Artificial intelligence is far
(2025年虹口一模)
52. 你下了那么大功夫,准能在学术竞赛中脱颖而出。(bund)(汉译英)
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【答案】Yu’ve put in s much effrt that yu’re bund t stand ut in the academic cmpetitin.
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词以及固定句型。表示“你”用yu,作主语,位于句首,首字母大写。表示“如此……以致……”用固定句型s... that...。表示“下了那么大功夫”用动词短语put in s much effrt,此处表示动作已经完成或对现在产生很大影响,时态用现在完成时。that引导的结果状语从句中:用yu作主语,表示“准能做某事”用be bund t d sth.,主语为yu, be动词用are,形容词bund“一定会”作表语;表示“脱颖而出”用stand ut,位于不定式符号t后,动词用原形;表示“在这个学术竞赛中”用in the academic cmpetitin。故答案为:Yu’ve put in s much effrt that yu’re bund t stand ut in the academic cmpetitin.。
(2025年徐汇一模)
53. 与人相处时,我们应该学会换位思考并体谅他人的难处。(cnsiderate)(汉译英)
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【答案】When we get alng with thers, we shuld learn t put urselves in thers’ shes and be cnsiderate f the difficulties f thers.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句、固定搭配。“与人相处时”可以用when引导的时间状语从句表示,翻译为when we get alng with thers;“我们”是we;“应该”是shuld;“学会换位思考”翻译为learn t put urselves in thers’ shes;“并体谅他人的难处”翻译为and be cnsiderate f the difficulties f thers。故整句翻译为When we get alng with thers, we shuld learn t put urselves in thers’ shes and be cnsiderate f the difficulties f thers.
(2025年静安一模)
52. 记得修水管,否则厨房很快就会水漫金山。(r)(汉译英)
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【答案】Remember t fix the pipe, r the kitchen will sn be flded.
【解析】
【详解】考查祈使句和连词。“记得修水管”用祈使句表示,翻译为remember t fix the pipe,位于句首,首字母需大写;“否则”用连词r;“厨房很快就会水漫金山”可译为the kitchen will sn be flded。故翻译为Remember t fix the pipe, r the kitchen will sn be flded.
【拓展】
【例1】(2020上海春考) 每周三,这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者,教孩子们剪纸和编织。(a rule)
【思路解析】句中“雷打不动”无法直接翻译,只能意译为:make it a rule t d sth.表示“使做某事成为常规”。
【参考答案】Thse cllege students make it a rule t g t the rphanage t wrk as vlunteers every Wednesday,
【详解】考查非谓语动词、时态和固定句式。根据句意和提示词可知,本句使用固定句式:make it a rule t d,表示“使做某事成为常规”,时间状语“每周三”表明是经常或反复发生的动作,用一般现在时,同时使用非谓语动词,“大学生”与“教”之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,用现在分词作伴随状语,故翻译为:Every Wednesday,these university students make it a rule t d vlunteer service in the rphanage, teaching children paper-cutting and knitting.
【例2】(2019上海高考)爷爷有点耳背,对他耐心一点。(patient)
【思路解析】句中“耳背”无法直译,只能意译为:a little deaf或smething wrng with ne's ears。
【参考答案】Grandpa is a little deaf and be patient with him./There is smething wrng with grandpa's ears, s be patient with him.
【详解】考查短语和时态。结合句意表示“耳背”可翻译为there be smething wrng with ne's ears;表示“对某人耐心”短语为be patient with sb.;此处为s连接并列句,且前半句陈述事实应用一般现在时,后半句为肯定祈使句,句首动词用原形。故翻译为There is smething wrng with grandpa's ears, s be patient with him.
【例3】(2020年春考)这首歌在今年的艺术节上首发时,因其旋律欢快,风格诙谐引起轰动,但只是昙花一现。(when)
【思路解析】此句中“昙花一现”’可以意译为:its ppularity didn’t last lng / but it lasted (fr) nly a very shrt time/ perid.;也可以直译为:a flash in the pan。
【参考答案】When first released at the pening ceremny f the Art Festival, this sng caused a sensatin / made a stir because f / fr/ due t its cheerful meldy and humrus style, but it was just a flash in the pan./ but it didn’t last lng. / but it lasted (fr) nly a very shrt time/ perid.
/The sng caused a stir/sensatin /became a hit fr its cheerful meldy and cmic style when it was first perfrmed/released at the Art Festival this year, but its ppularity didn’t last lng/a flash in the pan .
【详解】本题考查了when引导的时间状语从句,考查的词汇和词组并不难,“昙花一现”看似难翻,但只要表达清楚意思就可以了。
【例4】这部基于那场重要战争的电影一上映就很卖座。(Hardly)
【思路解析】此句中“很卖座”不能直接一一对应翻译,只能意思是翻译,意译为: it attracted a large audience。
【参考答案】Hardly had the film abut the imprtant battle been released when it attracted a large audience.
【详解】考查倒装句、否定副词、介词、时态、名词、形容词和短语。表示“基于”应用介词abut;表示“这部电影”应用名词短语the film;表示“重要的”应用形容词imprtant;表示“那场战争”应用名词短语the battle;表示“上映”应用动词release;表示“卖座”应用动词短语attract a large audience。根据所给副词“Hardly”几乎不的意思和首字母的大写形式可知,这句话需要Hardly放在句首的部分倒装结构“Hardly…when…”一……就……,该短语要求从句为一般过去时,主句用过去完成时,部分倒装时,助动词had置于主语之前。故翻译为Hardly had the film abut the imprtant battle been released when it attracted a large audience.
七)、长句翻译
高考翻译最后一句属于长句翻译,翻译时,要“先主干,再细节”。理清句子的成分,先确定框架,再添砖加瓦。
(2025年杨浦一模)
55. 在90年代,这种疾病因其复杂性,曾被误诊为流感类疾病,如今人们已经认识到它是一种罕见的精神障碍。(whse)
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【答案】In the 1990s, this disease, whse cmplexity nce led t its misdiagnsis as a flu-like illness, is nw recgnized as a rare mental disrder.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。句中“因其复杂性”根据题干要求,用定语从句表达,其中“其复杂性”翻译为
“whse cmplexity”;“曾被误诊为流感类疾病”用“nce led t misdiagnsis as a flu-like illness”表示,使用一般过去时;“如今人们已经认识到”用“is nw recgnized as”表示,使用现在时态,表述一种现状;“在90年代”翻译为“In the 1990s”;“一种罕见的精神障碍”用“a rare mental disrder”表达。故译为:In the 1990s, this disease, whse cmplexity nce led t its misdiagnsis as a flu-like illness, is nw recgnized as a rare mental disrder.
(2025年奉贤一模)
55. 这位原本深耕于科研领域的女学者,凭借自己坚持不懈的努力,历经极度严苛的训练,最终成为了一名宇航员。(engage) (汉译英)
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【答案】With her wn unremitting effrts and extremely rigrus training, the female schlar, wh was riginally deep in the field f scientific research eventually became an astrnaut.
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语、副词、形容词、定语从句和动词时态。“凭借自己坚持不懈的努力,历经极度严苛的训练”可以用with+宾语结构,表示为with her wn unremitting effrts and extremely rigrus training,其中副词“极其”extremely,修饰形容词rigrus“严苛的”作状语;主语是 the female schlars表示“女学者”,“这位原本深耕于科研领域的”可以表达为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词schlar,且在定语从句中作主语,用wh引导,“原本地”是riginally,作状语,“深耕于科研领域”表示为be deep in the field f scientific research,结合句子陈述过去的事实,用一般过去时,be动词用was,即主语部分为the female schlar, wh was riginally deep in the field f scientific research;谓语“成为”becme,系动词,过去式为became,an astrnaut表示“一名宇航员”,作表语。故翻译为With her wn unremitting effrts and extremely rigrus training, the female schlar, wh was riginally deep in the field f scientific research eventually became an astrnaut.
(2025年浦东新区一模)
55.国家艺术馆收藏了大量的国内外艺术作品,人们漫步其间,探寻时光的足迹,感受历史与文化的交融。(where)
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【答案】The Natinal Art Gallery cllects a large number f dmestic and freign art wrks, where peple can strll arund, explre the ftprints f time and feel the integratin f histry and culture.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、定语从句和并列谓语。“收藏了大量的” 翻译为 cllect a large number f,“国内外艺术作品” 翻译为 dmestic and freign art wrks,“漫步其间” 翻译为 strll arund,“探寻时光的足迹” 翻译为 explre the ftprints f time,“感受历史与文化的交融” 翻译为 feel the integratin f histry and culture。先行词为 The Natinal Art Gallery,在非限定性定语从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词 where 引导。故翻译为 The Natinal Art Gallery cllects a large number f dmestic and freign art wrks, where peple can strll arund, explre the ftprints f time and feel the integratin f histry and culture.
【拓展】
【例1】援引一位王姓专家的话来说,“基于自然的生态旅日渐井喷,在没有适当规划的前提下,实际上,是对脆弱物种的损害,进而导致生态系统每况愈下。” (cite)
参考译文:
The expert surnamed Wang is cited as saying, " the grwing explsin f nature-based ecturism, withut prper planning, is actually damage t vulnerable species, causing the ecsystem t decline.” /the increasing nature-based ecturism, in the presence f apprpriate management can actually damage its vulnerable species, thus cntributing t ecsystem degradatin.
【详解】
考查构词法知识、词汇熟练运用及非谓语或非限制定语从句用法。根据句意可知本句的前后两个分句均使用非限制定语从句或非谓语现在分词来翻译。“援引专家的话来说”翻译成被动语态,即:the expert is cited as saying。“基于自然的生态旅”,这里用到了构词法知识,即nature-based ecturism。“日渐井喷”,就是说增长很快的意思,可以翻译为:the grwing explsin f或the increasing 。“导致生态系统每况愈下”这句可以使用定语从句,也可用现在分词。“导致”可翻译为cause/lead t/cntribute t/give rise t; 陈述的是客观事实,用一般现在时。故翻译为:The expert is cited as saying, " the grwing explsin f nature-based ecturism, withut prper planning, is actually damage t vulnerable species, causing the ecsystem t decline.” /the increasing nature-based ecturism, in the presence f apprpriate management can actually damage its vulnerable species, thus cntributing t ecsystem degradatin.
【例2】【2018年6月高考题】在这个村落里,人们通常每餐只吃八分饱,但这种健康的饮食习惯最初是为了应对食物短缺的困境。(until)
【考点】until可以用在“eat until they are satisfied”;或keep the they have abundant fd
【词汇】八分饱——eat 30% less;leave ff with an appetite;(nt)eat until they are full等
应对……困境——cpe with/deal with/respnd t;或介词against/in reactin t/in respnse t...
每餐——fr every single meal;each meal
【难点】防止冗余的翻译:如deal with the lack f fd(缺少食物的困境);healthy eating habit、或healthy diet(健康的饮食习惯);(通常每餐吃八分饱)
参考译文:
Peple in this village usually eat until they are satisfied,but this healthy diet came frm the shrtage f fd in the early days.
In this village peple usually eat until they are 80 percent full fr each meal, but this healthy way f eating was riginally develped t deal with /address the pr/hard cnditins/situatin f fd shrtage.
In this village, peple usually eat every meal until they are 80 percent full, but this healthy eating habit was t deal with the shrtage f fd initially.
In the village, peple always dn’t stp having each meal until they feel almst full, but this healthy diet habit was t deal with the fd shrt situatin riginally.
九、特殊句式翻译
特殊句式涉及到:祈使句、疑问句、感叹句、it做形式主语和宾语,强调句型,倒装句,there be句型等。
(2025年宝山一模)
你觉得我们中学生有必要那么关注网红吗?(it)
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【答案】D yu think it necessary fr us middle schl students t pay s much attentin t Internet celebrities?
【解析】考查疑问句及it句型。 “你觉得…… 有必要吗” 借助助动词 d 构成一般疑问句,think 后接 it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式短语,即 it necessary fr sb. t d sth. 结构,“关注” 是 pay attentin t ,“网红” 是 Internet celebrities。
(2025年普陀区一模)
53. 别担心淋雨,是时候试试你的新外套是否防雨了。(time)
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【答案】Dn't wrry abut getting wet. It's time t test whether yur new cat is waterprf.
【解析】
【详解】考查祈使句翻译。“别担心淋雨”,“担心做某事” 是 wrry abut ding sth.,“淋雨” 也就是 “被弄湿”,用 get wet,否定祈使句用 Dn't 开头;“是时候试试……”,“是时候做某事” 用 It's time t d sth. ,“试试” 在这里可理解为 “测试”,用 test,“你的新外套是否防雨” 作 test 的宾语,“是否” 用 whether 引导宾语从句,“防雨的” 是 waterprf。故翻译为 Dn't wrry abut getting wet. It's time t test whether yur new cat is waterprf.
(2025年嘉定一模)
52. 随着技术革新,人人都能拍一段视频上传到平台。 (With) (汉译英)
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【答案】With technlgical innvatin, everyne can sht a vide and uplad it t the platfrm.
【解析】
【详解】考查with结构翻译。句子是描述一个事实,使用一般现在时;表示“随着技术革新”为With technlgical innvatin;主语为everyne;“能”使用情态动词can,后接动词原形;表示“拍一段视频”为sht a vide;表示“上传到平台”为uplad it t the platfrm。故翻译为With technlgical innvatin, everyne can sht a vide and uplad it t the platfrm.
(2025年松江一模)
52. 不如我们带上新买的望远镜去赏月吧!(enjy) (汉译英)
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【答案】Let’s take ur newly-bught telescpe t enjy the mn.
【解析】
【详解】考查感叹句、动词(短语)、形容词和名词。“不如我们做某事”是建议一起做某事,可用固定句型let’s d sth.表示,“带上某物去做某事”可用动词短语take sth. t d sth.,“(我们)新买的望远镜”可用名词短语ur newly-bught telescpe,“赏月”可用动词短语enjy the mn。故可译为:Let’s take ur newly-bught telescpe t enjy the mn.
(2025年浦东新区一模)
52.任何时候都要保持冷静,而非盲目行事。(instead f)
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【答案】Keep calm at all times instead f acting blindly.
【解析】
【详解】考查祈使句及短语用法。“保持冷静” 翻译为 Keep calm ,“任何时候” 翻译为 at all times,“而非” 翻译为 instead f,“盲目行事” 翻译为 act blindly 。instead f 为介词短语,后接动名词形式。故翻译为 Keep calm at all times instead f acting blindly.
53.你能帮我去文具店买一把三角尺吗?(favur)
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【答案】Culd yu d me a favur and buy a set square at the statinery stre?
【解析】
【详解】考查疑问句及固定短语用法。“帮某人一个忙” 翻译为 d sb. a favur,“买一把三角尺” 翻译为 buy a set square,“在文具店” 翻译为 at the statinery stre 。表示请求,用 Culd 句型。故翻译为 Culd yu d me a favur and buy a set square at the statinery stre?
九、无主句翻译
(1)有些所给汉语中没有明确的“被 ”,但翻译中宜用被动。比如不强调动词的实施者。
应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。(encurage)
Students shuld be encurage t apply what they have learned in class t practice.
(2)有些主动被动都可以。
在大城市迷路没有关系,警察会给你指路的。
It desn’t matter if yu lse yur way / get lst in a big city, fr a pliceman will shw yu the way.
小偷活该受到惩罚。Thieves deserve severe punishment. / Thieves deserve t be. severely punished.
2024年6月
72. 我的外国友人不禁赞叹:上海值得看的地方有很多啊!(wrth)
参考译文:
My freign friend culdn't help but exclaim / culdn't help exclaming that there are s many places wrth visiting in Shanghai.
“不禁”
cannt help but d
cannt help ding
wrth用法
be wrth ding 值得被做(主表被动)
be wrthwhile ding/ t d
be wrthy f being dne/ t be dne 某事值得被做
73. 她不断尝试将书法元素融入京剧的戏服设计中。(emply)
参考译文:
She cnstantly tries t emply calligraphy in the design f Peking Opera cstumes.
将……应用于……
cstume
the clthes wrn by actrs in a play r film/mvie, r wrn by sb t make them lk like sth else(戏剧或电影的)戏装,服装
74. 在3月14日国际数学日,这位专家应邀来给小学生做一个关于数学符号的讲座。(fall n)
参考译文:
On Internatinal Mathematics Day, which falls n March 14th, this expert was invited t give a lecture n mathematical symbls t primary schl students.
fall n+日期
Christmas Day falls n December 25th.
圣诞节是在12月25日。
75. 这个博物馆的神奇之处在于,它将乡村的变迁、时光的痕迹和童年的回忆融合在了一个固定的空间中。(What)
参考译文:
What is amazing abut the museum is that it integrates the changes in the cuntryside, the traces f time, and the memries f childhd int a fixed space.
What is amazing abut the museum is that it cllects int a fixed space the changes in the cuntryside, the traces f time, and the memries f childhd.
2023年6月
Directins:Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets
72.正如预期的那样,艺术节引起了学生对于民俗文化的兴趣(generate)
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⏩参考答案:
As is expected, Art Festival has generated students’ interest in flk culture.
/As (was) expected, the art festival generated the turists’/visitrs’ interest in flk culture.
解析:
a. Key wrds: Art Festival 艺术节; flk culture 民俗文化
b. Key pints: as引导非限制性定语从句,翻译成“正如”;“激发了”使用现在完成时。
本题考查实词generate(v. 产生;引起)的用法,整个句子可以处理成主从复合句,主句部分为简单的主谓宾结构,从句考查as引导的非限制定语从句。
73.你是否意识到这个地区的每一个部落有自己的不成文的规则?(aware)
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⏩参考答案:
Have yu been aware that every tribe in this area has its wn unwritten rules?
解析:
a. Key wrds: be aware that…意识到…;tribe 部落;unwritten rules 不成文规则
b.Key pints:现在完成时的考察;宾语从句引导词that的使用情况
本题考查实词aware(adj. 有意识的)的用法be aware that...,考生们需要注意该词的词性为形容词,否则容易遗漏be动词。另,考生对于题干中的“部落”和“不成文”等表达,也需要知道相应的英文表达。
74.这家重点实验室将和当地职业学校签订合作协议,为学生提供不一般的互动体验。(sign)
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⏩参考答案:
The key labratry will sign cperatin agreements with lcal vcatinal schls, which will bring students an unusual interactive experience.
/The key labratry/lab will sign a cperatin agreement with lcal vcatinal schls t prvide students with unusual interactive experiences.
解析:
a. Key wrds: sign…with…与…签署… ;cperatin agreements 合作协议;vcatinal schls 职业学校 interactive experience;互动体验
b.Key pints: “将和”使用一般将来时;which引导非限制性定语从句
本题考查实词sign(v.签订;签署)的用法,“签订合同”可以译为sign a cperatin agreement,另外,本题题干的后半段可以处理成表示目的的动词不定式。本题难度中等。
75.这部电视连续剧的剧情围绕某一虚拟的华南城市展开,在剧中汽车工业一直是该城市的骄傲。(where)
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⏩参考答案:
The TV series revlves arund a certain virtual suthern Chinese city, where the car industry has always been the pride.
/This TV series revlves arund a fictinal city in suthern China, where the aut industry has lng been a surce f pride.
/The plt f this TV series revlves arund a fictinal city in suthern China, where the aut industry has always been the pride f the city.
解析:
a. Key wrds: TV series 电视连续剧
b.Key pints: where 引导定语从句;现在完成时的考察
本题难度较大。根据括号提示词where可以得知,本题在语法方面侧重于考查考生对从句的(where引导的非限制性定语从句)掌握情况。考生们需要注意,where作为定语从句中的关系副词,需要出现在表示地点的名词或代词之后,且从句部分不缺少主干成分。
2022年上海秋季高考英语真题
1.妈妈忘了两天前刚给邻居买过黄瓜。(frget)
参考译文:
①Mther/ Mm frgt having just bught sme cucumbers fr her neighbr tw days ag.
②Mther/ Mm frgt buying sme cucumbers fr her neighbr just tw days ag.
解析:本句时态为一般过去时;
考核基础单词frget的用法:frget ding / frget having dne 忘记做过某事。
注意区别:frget t d 忘记去做某事
2. 每逢节假日,我们都会去郊区露营,为的就是享受悠闲惬意的生活。(s that)
参考译文:(During)every hliday/ (On) every hliday, we always g/will g camping in the suburbs s that we can enjy a leisurely cmfrtable/relaxing and cmfrtable life.
解析:考查目的状语从句。
词块:露营 g camping;享受生活 enjy a ... life
3.切莫苛求运动强度和频率,细水长流才能见效。(difference)
参考译文:
①Dn’t be t hard n yurself as t the intensity and frequency f ding sprts/exercising/wrkut,because/as nly by wrking steadily little by little/nly thrugh persistent little effrts can yu make a difference.
②Dn’t be t hard n yurself as t the intensity and frequency f ding sprts/exercising/wrkut,because/as nly wrking steadily little by little/persistent little effrts can make a difference.
③Dn’t push yurself t hard when it cmes t the intensity and frequency f ding sprts/exercising/wrkut, ...
解析:考察前后语句间的逻辑关系,能找到合适连词来连接前后语句;
“切莫苛求”句中是无主结构,学生应选择使用祈使句来翻译;
学生需要对四字格“细水长流”先进行理解,在语境中寻找合适的词进行翻译;
对自己过分苛求的几种表达:be t hard n yurself in ... / push yurself t hard
4.这条运河历经数百年才修建而成,如今虽无昔日繁忙之景,但仍然是横跨东西的重要水道。()
参考译文:
①The canal, which tk hundreds f years t build, is nt as busy/prsperus as befre/it used t be / nce was, but it is still an imprtant waterway frm east t west.
②It tk hundreds f years t build this canal and althugh it is n lnger as prsperus as it used t be, but still remains a vital waterway extending frm east t west.
解析:提示词可看出本句考察比较状语从句;
考纲词汇:运河canal;无昔日繁忙之景(也就是:不如以前繁忙)nt as busy as befre;横跨东西frm east t west;水道water curse / waterway。
2021年上海秋季高考英语真题
1. 你坐会儿,我来看管这六件行李。(lk)
Yu can sit fr a while, and I will lk after the/these six pieces f luggage/baggage.
2. 打喷嚏时,务必用纸巾遮住口鼻。(D)
D cver yur muth and nse with tissue/a tissue when yu are sneezing.
3. 这位头发花白的外交官与老友不期而遇,脑海中浮现出那段为理想而奋斗的青春岁月。(remind)
The grey-haired diplmat ran int/came acrss/encuntered an ld friend, which reminded him f the days f his yuth when he was struggling fr his ideal.
The grey-haired diplmat met an ld friend by accident, which reminded him f the yuthful years f fighting fr ideals.
4. 这位先驱者的故居是间不起眼的木屋,现正修复中,游客有望在六月底一睹其真容。(under)
The frmer residence f the pineer is a humble wden huse, which is nw under restratin, and visitrs are likely t see its real lk at the end f June.
2020年秋季高考真题
1.你是否介意替我去开个会/参加会议? (substitute)
D/Wuld yu mind (yur) substituting me fr the meeting?
D/Wuld yu mind if yu substitute me fr the meeting?
2.为了(能)让妈妈好好休息,小王把水槽和碗橱擦得干干净净。(In rder...)
In rder t make/let his mther have a gd rest, Xia Wang clean the sink and cupbard thrughly.
r:In rder that his mther culd have a gd rest, Xia Wang wiped dwn the sink and cupbard.
3.春暖花开的四月是领略/欣赏这个南方小镇美景的最好时间/最佳时机。(when)
With flwers blming and the weather being warm, April is the best time t appreciate the beauty f this suthern twn.
4.面对网店的挑战,这家百年老店多措并举,最终转危为机,再创辉煌。(turn)
In the face f / Facing / Faced with the challenges frm the nline stre, this century-ld stre tk varius measures at the same time / take multiple measures, and finally turned the crisis int an pprtunity t recreate the glry.
A
(上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三上学期月考英语试题)
52. 意识到犯了大错,我马上向在场所有的人表达了诚挚的歉意。(present)
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【答案】Realizing that I had made a serius mistake, I made a sincere aplgy t the peple present.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态、非谓语动词、宾语从句和固定短语。表示“我”用I,作主语。表示“向某人真诚道歉”用make a sincere aplgy t sb.,其中形容词sincere“诚挚的”作前置定语,修饰名词aplgy,本句描述过去的动作,故时态用一般过去时,谓语用过去式。表示“人们”用peple,作t的宾语。表示“在场的”用形容词present,作后置定语,修饰peple。表示“意识到”用realize,与I为主动关系,用现在分词,作状语,位于句首,首字母大写。表示“我犯了大错”用宾语从句,从句中:用I作主语;表示“犯了大错”用make a serius mistake,本句描述道歉之前的动作,故时态用过去完成时,其中形容词serius“严重的”作前置定语,修饰名词mistake。故翻译为Realizing that I had made a serius mistake, I made a sincere aplgy t the peple present.
53. 这款新药对感染了这种病毒的病人是否有效尚不知晓。(remain)
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【答案】Whether the new medicine will have any effect n the patients (wh are) infected by this (kind f) virus remains unknwn.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句和非谓语动词。“这款新药”表达为the new medicine,“对…有效”表达为have an effect n,“感染了这种病毒的病人”,可用名词后跟一个过去分词做定语,表示被感染,故表达为the patients infected by this virus(也可以名词后跟一个定语从句,表达为the patients wh are infected by this virus),“不知晓”可表达为unknwn。根据所给词remain,为系动词,意为“依旧是,仍然是…”可知,后可跟形容词unknwn做表语。主语就为whether引导的主语从句,根据“是否有效尚未知晓”可知,要用一般将来时。故句子翻译为:Whether the new medicine will have any effect n the patients (wh are) infected by this (kind f) virus remains unknwn。
54. 对语言学习者来说,接触英文材料并养成好的习惯能提高学习成果。(expse)
____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Fr language learners, being expsed t English materials and develping gd habits can enhance learning efficiency.
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语,非谓语动词、名词。表示“对于”用介词fr,位于句首,首字母大写。表示“语言学习者”用language learner,语言学习者不止一个,用复数形式,作Fr的宾语。表示“接触”用be expsed t,作主语,用动名词形式,其中t为介词。表示“英文材料”用English material,通常用复数形式表示泛指,作t的宾语。表示“养成好的习惯”用develp gd habits,用动名词,与being expsed t English materials并列,用连词and连接,其中好习惯不止一种,用habit“习惯”的复数。表示“能”用情态动词can,表示“提高”用enhance,位于can后,用动词原形。表示“学习成果”用learning efficiency,作can enhance的宾语。故翻译为Fr language learners, being expsed t English materials and develping gd habits can enhance learning efficiency.
55. 迄今虽说屡屡采取严控措施,但绝大多数人仍然觉得难以承担目前高房价。 (majrity)
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【答案】Althugh it is said that serius measures have been taken fr many times up till nw a large majrity f peple still find it hard t affrd the high husing price.
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句和固定句式。根据句意可知本句用althugh引导让步状语从句。表示“虽说”可用句型it is said that…,表示“迄今”为up till nw,为时间状语,根据时间状语,表示“采取严控措施”用现在完成时,表示发生在过去并对现在产生影响,可用被动句型翻译为serius measures have been taken,表示“屡屡”为fr many times;主句用句型“find it+hard+t d”表示“发现很难……”,描述现状用一般现在时,主语“绝大多数人”表示为a large majrity f peple,表示“难以承担目前的高房价”为不定式短语 t affrd the high husing price。结合其他所给汉语,故翻译为:Althugh it is said that serius measures have been taken fr many times up till nw a large majrity f peple still find it hard t affrd the high husing price.
B
(上海市华东师范大学松江实验高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题)
52. 那座村庄物资匮乏因为它不通车。(inaccessible)
___________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】That village lacks supplies/materials because it is inaccessible t cars.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句和短语。主语为that village;表示“物资匮乏”翻译为lack supplies/materials;because引导原因状语从句,表示“不通车”应用be inaccessible t cars,描述客观情况,为一般现在时。故翻译为That village lacks supplies/materials because it is inaccessible t cars.
53. 如果你能帮我解决我的问题,我会非常感激。(appreciate)
___________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I wuld greatly appreciate it if yu culd assist me with my prblem.
【解析】
【详解】考查条件状语从句、it和固定句式。句意为“如果你能帮我解决我的问题,我会非常感激的。”运用固定句式“I wuld greatly appreciate it if…”,表示“如果……我会很感激”;“能够”翻译为“culd”;“帮我解决我的问题”翻译为“assist me with my prblem”,assist位于情态动词后,使用动词原形。故翻译为:I wuld greatly appreciate it if yu culd assist me with my prblem.
54. 经济发展得越快,我们就越应注意保护环境。(the… the…)
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【答案】The faster ecnmy is develping, the mre attentin we shuld pay t envirnmental prtectin./ the mre we shuld pay attentin t envirnmental prtectin.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。表示“越……越……”句型为the+比较级,the+比较级;表示“经济发展得越快”为the faster ecnmy is develping,为现在进行时;表示“我们就越应注意保护环境”翻译为the mre attentin we shuld pay t envirnmental prtectin或者the mre we shuld pay attentin t envirnmental prtectin,shuld后跟动词原形, pay attentin t表示“注意”,“保护环境”用名词短语envirnmental prtectin作宾语。故翻译为The faster ecnmy is develping, the mre attentin we shuld pay t envirnmental prtectin./ the mre we shuld pay attentin t envirnmental prtectin.
55. 约有400名学生参加了学校在 5 月 8 日举办的一年一度的科学论坛,在论坛上学生们可以展示他们的创新项目。(estimate)
___________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】An estimated 400 students attended the schl’s annual science frum n May 8th, where they culd shwcase their innvative prjects./ It is estimated that 400 students attended the schl’s annual science frum n May 8th, where they culd shwcase their innvative prjects.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词以及定语从句。“约有400名学生”可以翻译为an estimated 400 students,在句中作主语,其中estimated为形容词“预估的”,句首单词首字母大写。“参加”可用动词attend,在句中作谓语动词。“在5 月 8 日”可以翻译为n May 8th,在句中作时间状语,所以句子为一般过去时态。“学校举办的一年一度的科学论坛”可以翻译为the schl’s annual science frum,后面接定语从句修饰先行词frum。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导该从句。从句主语为they,指代前文中的students,“展示”用动词shwcase,前面接情态动词culd。“他们的创新项目”可以翻译以为their innvative prjects。该句子也可用固定句型It is estimated that…,意为“据估计……”,其中It作形式主语,that引导主语从句,“400名学生” 400 students作从句的主语,其后内容与上一种译法一样。故翻译为An estimated 400 students attended the schl’s annual science frum n May 8th, where they culd shwcase their innvative prjects./ It is estimated that 400 students attended the schl’s annual science frum n May 8th, where they culd shwcase their innvative prjects.
C
(上海市实验学校2024-2025学年高三上学期十月月考英语试题)
52. 这款新发布的电子产品在耐用性上比竞争对手的差得多。(inferir)
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【答案】This newly released electrnic prduct is far inferir t its cmpetitrs in durability.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、形容词(短语)和非谓语动词。句子应该是介绍当前的情况,时态宜用一般现在时;主语“这款新发布的电子产品”可用名词短语this newly released electrnic prduct,其中过去分词released作修饰prduct的定语,表被动,“比……差得多”可用形容词短语be far inferir t,be动词用is,t的宾语“(它的)竞争对手”可用名词短语its cmpetitrs,状语“在耐用性上”可用介词短语in durability。故翻译为This newly released electrnic prduct is far inferir t its cmpetitrs in durability.
53. 无论最后结果如何, 我们团队仍然决心按时完成这个项目。(regardless)
___________________________________________________________________
【答案】Regardless f the final result, ur team is still determined t finish the prject n time.
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语,形容词和名词。表示“无论如何”为介词短语regardless f;表示“结果”为名词result,故表示“无论最后结果如何”为regardless f the final result,为介词短语在句中作状语,表示“决心做某事”为be determined t d sth,表示“按时完成这个项目”为finish the prject n time,叙述客观事实,时态为一般现在时。故答案为Regardless f the final result, ur team is still determined t finish the prject n time.
54. 今年的国庆黄金周有一个愈发明显的趋势, 消费者注重体验但花销更为谨慎。(emphasis)
___________________________________________________________________
【答案】This year's Natinal Day Glden Week has seen an increasingly visible trend that cnsumers place emphasis n experience but spend mre cautiusly.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语,名词和从句。分析句子的结果可知,该句为同位语从句,主句为“今年的国庆黄金周有一个愈发明显的趋势”,表示“趋势”为名词trend,表示“愈发明显的”为 increasingly visible,表示“有,见证”为动词see,故表示“今年的国庆黄金周有一个愈发明显的趋势”为This year's Natinal Day Glden Week has seen an increasingly visible trend, 从句为“消费者注重体验但花销更为谨慎”表示“消费者”为名词custmer,表泛指为复数的形式;表示“注重”为动词短语place emphasis n,为句子的谓语,表示“谨慎地”为副词cautiusly,作状语修饰动词“花销”spend,从句句意完整,应用that引导,叙述客观事实,时态为一般现在时。故答案为This year's Natinal Day Glden Week has seen an increasingly visible trend that cnsumers place emphasis n experience but spend mre cautiusly.
55. 在为家庭奉献了几十年后,苏敏独自一人开始长达四年旅行,途中她不仅掌握了各种户外生存技能,还成为了一个网红。(dedicate)
___________________________________________________________________
【答案】After Su Min dedicated t her family fr decades, she sets ff n a fur-year jurney alne, during which she nt nly masters utdr survival skills, but als becmes an Internet celebrity.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态,动词和定语从句。分析句子的结构可知,该句为主从复合句,从句为“在为家庭奉献了几十年后”表示“在……之后”为after,表示“为……奉献”为动词dedicate t,叙述过去发生的事,时态为一般过去时,故为After Su Min dedicated t her family fr decades;表示“苏敏独自一人开始长达四年的旅行,途中她不仅掌握了各种户外生存技能,还成为了一个网红。”表示“开始”为动词短语set ff,为句子的谓语,表示“四年的旅行”为句子的宾语a fur-year jurney,表示“途中她不仅掌握了各种户外生存技能, 还成为了一个网红”为非限制性的定语从句,先行词为 jurney,表示“不但……而且……”为nt als...,故为during which she nt nly masters utdr survival skills, but als becmes an Internet celebrity,叙述客观事实,时态为一般现在时,故翻译为After Su Min dedicated t her family fr decades, she sets ff n a fur-year jurney alne, during which she nt nly masters utdr survival skills, but als becmes an Internet celebrity.
D
(上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷)
52. 你越是关注负面情绪,就越难将注意力转移到其他事情。(The mre…the mre )
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【答案】The mre yu fcus n negative emtins, the mre difficult it is t shift yur attentin t ther things.
【解析】
【详解】考查比较级结构、动词短语和时态。因句子表示的是一个客观情况,谓语动词使用一般现在时。表示“越…越…”应用比较级结构The mre…the mre…;表示“关注”应用动词短语fcus n;表示“负面情绪”应用negative emtins;表示“将注意力转移到其他事情”应用shift yur attentin t ther things,其中shift表示“转移”,t引导方向。“做某事困难”用it is difficult t d。故翻译为The mre yu fcus n negative emtins, the mre difficult it is t shift yur attentin t ther things.
53. 中秋节吃象征团圆和和谐的月饼是由来已久的传统。(It)
____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】It is a time-hnred traditin t eat mncakes at Mid-Autumn Festival whse symbl is reunin and harmny.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句、固定短语和时态。因句子表示的是一个客观情况,谓语动词使用一般现在时;表示“在中秋节”含义的表达为:at Mid-Autumn Festival;表示“象征”含义的表达为:symbl;表示“团圆和和谐”含义的表达为:reunin and harmny;表示“由来已久的传统”应使用短语time-hnred traditin;表示“吃月饼”应使用动词不定式t eat mncakes,因为这里描述的是一个动作,即在中秋节做的特定行为;“象征团圆和和谐”在句中作为定语从句修饰mncakes,因引导词在定语从句中作定语,使用关系代词whse引导定语从句;“It d sth.”是固定句型,it 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。故翻译为It is a time-hnred traditin t eat mncakes at Mid-Autumn Festival whse symbl is reunin and harmny。
54. 出于安全起见,当局坚持要求游客在游览观光时不要偏离标记的路径。(sake)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Fr the sake f safety, the authrities insist that turists shuld nt deviate frm the marked paths when sightseeing.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、宾语从句和时态。因句子表示的是一个客观情况,谓语动词使用一般现在时。表示“出于……起见”短语为fr the sake f;“当局”可译为the authrities;“坚持要求”可用insist that,后面接宾语从句,用虚拟语气,即(shuld) d;“偏离”可译为deviate frm;“标记的路径”可译为marked paths;“在游览观光时”可译为 when sightseeing。故翻译为Fr the sake f safety, the authrities insist that turists shuld nt deviate frm the marked paths when sightseeing.
55. 这个开创性的发现注定会消除科学界对我们的偏见,为进一步提高燃料效能铺就道路。 (bund)
____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】This grundbreaking discvery is bund t dispel the biases in the scientific cmmunity and pave the way fr further imprvements in fuel efficiency.
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词、动词短语和时态。表示“开创性的”应用形容词grundbreaking;表示“注定会”应用be bund t结构,其中bund是形容词,表示“一定会,注定会”,因句子表示的是一个客观情况,谓语动词使用一般现在时;表示“消除偏见”应用动词短语dispel the biases;表示“铺就道路”应用固定短语pave the way fr;表示“进一步提高燃料效能”应用fr further imprvements in fuel efficiency。故翻译为This grundbreaking discvery is bund t dispel the biases in the scientific cmmunity and pave the way fr further imprvements in fuel efficiency.
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