概要、翻译、作文套餐练01 -高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用）

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III. Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
【来源】上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试卷
The idea f humans making a new hme n Mars is mind-bending enugh n the surface. What's even wilder is that human clnizatin f the Red Planet's harsh and extic atmsphere — if we can achieve it — might accelerate ur species' evlutin. "Given hw different the Martian envirnment is, yu'd expect strng natural selectin," says Sctt Slmn, an evlutinary bilgist at Rice University in Hustn.
Mars sits abut 34 millin miles away frm Earth, and Earthlings still face plenty f bstacles befre we even reach it. But if we d (smehw) get t Mars and establish a clny f permanent residents, factrs like cmparatively higher radiatin, lwer gravity and a vast change in lifestyle culd prmpt significant evlutinary changes in ur bdies-much mre quickly than thse that have transpired n ur hme planet.
There is a determining factr in this ptential shift, which wuld vastly influence hw rapidly humans wuld adapt t new cnditin. If humans mved back and frth between Earth and Mars as ften as every generatin r tw, new intrductin f Earth-brn human genes might lw the effects f certain genetic mutatins (基因突变). By cntrast, remaining n a Martian clny fr lnger stretches culd quicken that change.
Mre tense radiatin n Mars culd prvke elevated rates f genetic mutatins in humans brn there. And any favrable mutatins that help humans better cpe with cnditins n Mars may be inherited by future generatins.
Survival f the fittest is a key cncept in evlutin. But based n majr advances in gene-editing tls like CRISPR, it's pssible that humans n Mars may nt need t leave evlutin up t nature. Slmn says we currently have the tls t help supprt ptential Mars residents." It culd ptentially be a pwerful tl t make changes s peple culd survive and be appted t the Martain envirnment," Slmn says.
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【答案】The passage discusses the ptential fr human evlutin t accelerate n Mars due t its harsh envirnment. Factrs like higher radiatin and lwer gravity culd cause significant genetic changes, especially if humans remain n Mars fr extended perids withut returning t Earth. Advances in gene-editing technlgy might als play a rle in helping humans adapt t Martian cnditins.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了人类在火星上定居可能导致进化加速的可能性。文章指出，火星的高辐射、低重力和生活方式的巨大变化等因素可能会引起人类显著的遗传变化。如果人类在火星上停留时间较长而不频繁往返地球，这些进化变化可能会更加明显。此外，基因编辑技术的进步也可能帮助人类适应火星环境。
【详解】要点摘录
① The harsh Martian envirnment culd accelerate human evlutin.
② Factrs like higher radiatin and lwer gravity culd cause significant genetic changes.
③ Prlnged stays n Mars may enhance evlutinary changes mre than frequent Earth-Mars travel.
④ Advances in gene-editing technlgy culd help humans adapt t Martian cnditins.
缜密构思
将第①和②个要点结合，阐述火星环境对人类进化的潜在影响；将第③个要点单独呈现，强调长时间停留在火星上的重要性；最后，将第④个要点作为补充，介绍基因编辑技术的作用。
遣词造句
The passage explres the ptential acceleratin f human evlutin n Mars due t its extreme envirnmental cnditins. Key factrs include increased radiatin, reduced gravity, and lifestyle changes, which culd lead t significant genetic mutatins. Prlnged stays n Mars, as ppsed t frequent Earth-Mars travel, may enhance these evlutinary changes. Additinally, advancements in gene-editing technlgies culd aid in human adaptatin t Mars.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The passage explres the ptential acceleratin f human evlutin n Mars due t its extreme envirnmental cnditins. 使用介词短语做状语。
【高分句型2 】Key factrs include increased radiatin, reduced gravity, and lifestyle changes, which culd lead t significant genetic mutatins.使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为Key factrs。
IV. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrd given in the brackets.
1．国产品牌正在不遗余力地争取更大的市场份额。(share)(汉译英)

【答案】Dmestic brands are sparing n effrts t gain a larger market share.
【详解】考查名词短语、动词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“国产品牌”应为名词短语Dmestic brands；表示“不遗余力做某事”应为动词短语spare n effrts t d；表示“争取更大的市场份额”应为动词短语gain a larger market share；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述正在发生的事情，为现在进行时。故翻译为：Dmestic brands are sparing n effrts t gain a larger market share.
2．你接触的原版小说越多，对英美文化的了解就越深。(expse) (汉译英)

【答案】The mre riginal nvels yu are expsed t, the deeper understanding yu’ll have f the British and American culture.
【详解】考查动词短语、形容词、名词和固定句型。可用固定句型the mre…, the mre…表示“越……，就越……”，前一句为条件状语从句，应用一般现在时表将来，后一句为主句，时态应用一般将来时；从句中主语“你”用代词yu，“接触”可用动词短语expse sb. t sth.的被动形式be expsed t，be动词应用are，“原版小说”应用名词短语riginal nvels；主句中隐含的主语“你”用代词yu，“对……有深入了解”可用动词短语have a deep understanding f，“英美文化”应用名词短语the British and American culture。故可译为：The mre riginal nvels yu are expsed t, the deeper understanding yu’ll have f the British and American culture.
3．自发行以来，这款游戏席卷了游戏界，三天内在所有平台上售出了超过1000万份。(release) （汉译英）

【答案】Since its release, this game has swept the gaming industry, selling mre than 10 millin cpies n all platfrms within three days.
【详解】考查动词时态与固定表达。表示“自发行以来”用since its release，其为现在完成时时间标志；“席卷了游戏界”用短语sweep the gaming industry；表示“三天内”用within three days；表示“售出了超过1000万份给……”用sell mre than 10 millin cpies，此处使用现在分词作状语；表示“所有的平台”用all platfrms。故翻译Since its release, this game has swept the gaming industry, selling mre than 10 millin cpies n all platfrms within three days.
4．尽管新兴品牌不断涌现，但这个老字号以其卓越的产品质量，成功地避免被市场淘汰。 (emerge) (汉译英)

【答案】Althugh emerging brands keep emerging, this time-hnred brand has managed t avid being eliminated frm the market with its utstanding prduct quality.
【详解】考查短语、时态、非谓语动词和状语从句。“尽管”用连词althugh，引导让步状语从句；“新兴品牌”翻译为emerging brand；“不断做某事”用短语keep ding sth.；“老字号”翻译为time-hnred brand；“成功地做某事”用短语manage t d sth.；“避免做某事”用短语avid ding sth.；“被淘汰”用短语be eliminated frm；“以其卓越的产品质量”翻译为with its utstanding prduct quality。根据句意，从句用一般现在时，主句用现在完成时。故翻译为Althugh emerging brands keep emerging, this time-hnred brand has managed t avid being eliminated frm the market with its utstanding prduct quality.
V. Guided Writing
【来源】上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷
Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学的高三学生李敏，学校正在计划面向高三开设一场讲座，具体信息如下。请写一封电子邮件给学校老师，比较两场讲座的差异，说明你的选择，并简要说明理由。
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【答案】Dear teachers,
I am a student in senir three in Shanghai Mingqi Schl. Knwing that yu are planning t have a lecture, I’d like t give my pinins.
There exist tw lectures fr us students t chse and ne is themed n English Test Skills and the ther ne is fcus n Yga and Relaxatin. The ne themed n English Test Skills lasts 90 minutes, students can watch it this Saturday evening at hme. It is given nline withut peratin and practice, and can be recrded fr watching again. The ne fcusing n Yga and Relaxatin lasts 120 minutes, which is delivered this Friday afternn in schl stadium. It is ffline cmbining lectures and practices, but it can’t be recrded fr later watching.
As fr me, I wuld like t chse the ne related t English Test Skills, the reasn fr which is that it is s flexible that I can watch it at my wn hme and I can als chse t watch the recrded ne if I wasn’t available this Saturday evening.
Yur student,
Li Min
【导语】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生针对学校计划开设的一场讲座，写一封电子邮件给学校老师，比较两场讲座的差异，并说明你的选择。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
观点：pinins →viewpint/perspective
演讲：lecture →speech
与……有关：related t →relevant t
空闲的：available →free
2.句式拓展：
原句：There exist tw lectures fr us students t chse and ne is themed n English Test Skills and the ther ne is fcus n Yga and Relaxatin.
拓展句：There exist tw lectures fr us students t chse, ne f which is themed n English Test Skills and the ther ne f which is fcus n Yga and Relaxatin.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
Knwing that yu are planning t have a lecture, I’d like t give my pinins.(运用了现在分词作状语。)
【高分句型2】
The ne fcusing n Yga and Relaxatin lasts 120 minutes, which is delivered this Friday afternn in schl stadium.(运用了现在分词作定语和which引导非限制性定语从句。)
主题
English Test Skills
Yga and Relaxatin
时长
90分钟
120分钟
时间
周六晚上
周五下午
地点
学生家中
学校体育馆
形式
 在线讲授(无操练)
 可录播回放
 线下讲练结合
 不可录播回放