专题24 句子翻译（中）-高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用）

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目录
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 题型综述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解题攻略2
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考练场9
\l "_Tc148898657" 变式演练1 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 1
高考英语翻译（中译英）题要求考生能应用所学过的语法和词汇来准确地表达思想，是一种要求相当高的考查形式。要求考生把中文的句子译成通顺的、语法结构正确的、符合英语表达习惯的英语句子，并能准确地传达中文句子中的每一个信息。该题型全面地考查学生英语词汇、语法等知识的综合运用能力，它对学生的动词时态、语态、名词的单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、介词等应用能力，还对学生的词组、句型、句子结构等进行了全面考查。值得注意的是近年试题中经常出现一些华丽的中文词藻或日常生活化表达。

1、信：清晰准确（从整体上把握句子结构，抓住主谓宾）
2、达：通畅明白（避免生涩翻译，用简单的词和短语）
3、雅：简明优雅（避免从句繁复，多使用形容词、介词短语或分词结构）
上海高考中译英常设考点
时态语态
（每个翻译句子都要注意时态语态）
我第一次写英语作文时，犯了很多拼写错误。（make）
The first time I wrte an English cmpsitin, I made a lt f spelling mistakes.
当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。（chice）
At that time the taxi driver had n chice but t turn t the turist / traveler (fr help).
在过去几年里，这家工厂用塑料代替木头来降低成本。(substitute)
In the past few years, this factry has substituted plastic fr wd in rder t reduce the cst.
在大城市迷路没有关系，警察会给你指路的。(lse)
It desn’t matter if yu lse yur way / get lst in a big city, fr a pliceman will shw yu the way.
小偷活该受到惩罚。(deserve)
Thieves deserve severe punishment. / Thieves deserve t be. severely punished.
物理课上他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。 (fail)
In the physics class, he failed t understand what Prfessr Wang was talking abut.
应该鼓励孩子们根据自己的兴趣爱好去选择书籍。（in terms f）
Children shuld be encuraged t chse bks in terms f their wn interests.
2、以非谓语为主的考点
阅读英文报能使完美接触大量的词汇。（expse）
Reading English newspapers can expse us t a large vcabulary.
这个明年将竣工的游乐园可为当地创造5万个新职位。(entertainment)
The entertainment park t be cmpleted next year can create 50,000 new jbs fr the lcal area.
接完电话，他既没关门也没关灯就匆匆忙忙离开了办公室。（with）
Having answered the phne, he left the ffice in a hurry with the dr pen and the light(s ) n.
3、以“it”用法为主的考点
①强调句型it
正是在那个我们去年参观的城市又发生了同样的惨剧。(It…that)
It is in the city that we visited last year that the same tragedy ccurred.
②It is said/reprted/ fund/believed/thught 据说/报道/发现/相信/认为
据报道, 每年有成千上万无辜的人被酒后开车的司机撞死.
It is reprted that thusands f inncent peple are killed by drunken drivers.
③It is +adj/n/pp+(fr …) +t d…/ that… 做…是…
真的人人愿意参加这活动吗?
Is it true that everyne is willing t take part in the activity?
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④It is n gd/ use ding… 做…没好处
抱怨是没有用的. It is n use cmplaining.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤It is likely that…
他有可能会被这所大学录取. It is likely that he will be admitted int the university.
= 6 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑥It seems /appears that…/as if… 好像…, 似乎…
= 7 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑦It (s) happens that… 碰巧…
真巧, 负责这个工程的是我以前的学生.
It s happened that the man wh was in charge f the cnstructin was my frmer student.
= 8 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑧It ccurs t sb that… 想到..
我没有想到他会在考试中作弊. It never ccurred that he wuld cheated in the exam.
4、以从句为主的考点
1）定语从句
选举结果出乎意料，这令大多数人颇为失望。（which）
The utcme/result f the electin was ut f expectatin, which made mst peple feel disappinted.
4）昨天我把那台不能用的空调退还给了出售它的商店并得到了退款。(where)
Yesterday I returned the useless air-cnditiner t the shp where it was sld /I bught it and gt a/the refund.
2）名词性从句
为确保行程如期开始，要求游客出发前一个月申请签证。（guarantee）
T guarantee that trips can begin n schedule, visitrs are required t apply fr the visa ne mnth befre departure.
对学生而言真正重要的是在获取知识的过程中养成良好的习惯。（matter）
What matters t students mst is that they shuld develp gd habits in the prcess f acquiring knwledge.
这位专家的建议是学校应该努力提高学生们的健康意识。(suggestin)
The expert’s suggestin is that schls shuld raise students’ awareness f health.
消费者对冷冻食品失去信心的事实令生产厂家一筹莫展。（lss)
The fact that cnsumers have lst cnfidence in frzen fd makes the manufacturers at a lss.
没有同事的帮助，他一个人是不可能在这么短时间内完成这个项目的。（pssibility）
Withut his clleague’s help, there is n pssibility that he can finish the prject in such a shrt time.
3）状语从句
每一次他要做演讲，他总会做一些笔记，提醒他自己想要说的要点。（remind）
Every time he is t give a speech, he makes a few ntes t remind himself f what he wants t say.
我们非常关心食品质量，因为它与每一个人的健康都息息相关。(cncern)
We are all cncerned abut the fd quality because it is clsely related t everyne’s health.
他有着如此坚强的意志，定会不遗余力，力争提前完成任务。(such… that)
He has such a strng will that he is he is sure t spare n effrt and try t finish the task in advance.
经过多年的建设，这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。()
After years f cnstructin, this twn is as lively nw as it used t be befre the earthquake.
尽管我们无法预测将来会发生什么事，但我们可以未雨绸缪。(plan)
While we can’t predict what will happen in the future, we can plan ahead.
不管学生提出什么问题，这位老师总是耐心回答。(patience)
Whatever questins the students may ask , the teacher wuld answer them with patience.
阅读英文报能使完美接触大量的词汇。（expse）
Reading English newspapers can expse us t a large vcabulary.
这个明年将竣工的游乐园可为当地创造5万个新职位。(entertainment)
The entertainment park t be cmpleted next year can create 50,000 new jbs fr the lcal area.
接完电话，他既没关门也没关灯就匆匆忙忙离开了办公室。（with）
Having answered the phne, he left the ffice in a hurry with the dr pen and the light(s ) n.
5、以倒装句型为主的考点
【例1】一听到警察的脚步声，小偷就跑走了。(Away)
【答案】Away ran the thief as sn as he heard the ftsteps f the plice. （此句为完全倒装句）
【例2】该选手的机智及开阔的知识面使评委们大为惊异，他们一致同意他为冠军获得者。 (S…)
【答案】S amazed were the judges at the wisdm and wide knwledge f the cntestant that they all agreed that he wuld be the champin. / be the winner./ win the champinship.
【例3】登山运动的吸引力不仅在于运动员之间的激烈竞争，还体现在运动员与自然环境的抗争中。（Nt nly...）
【答案】Nt nly des the appeal/attractin f muntain climbing lie in the fierce cmpetitin between athletes, but it is als reflected in the athletes’ fight against the natural envirnment. (the fight between the athletes and the natural envirnment)
6、以动词或动词短语为主的考点
【例1】看到挂满枝头鲜红嫩绿的果实，他们不禁心生欢喜。（can’t help)（2020届奉贤区高考英语一模）
【答案】At the sight f the fruits with brilliant clrs hanging n the branches, they culdn’t help feeling admiring them.
【例2】本次“城市公共交通周”的活动旨在提高公众节能环保的意识。(aim)（2020届徐汇区高考英语一模）
【答案】The campaign f the urban public transprt week aims t raise public awareness f saving energy and prtecting the envirnment / energy cnservatin and envirnmental prtectin.
【例3】 在每天的早晚高峰期间，堵上半小时是常有的事，要是下雨的话，堵的时间就更长了。（stuck）
【答案】During the mrning and evening rush hurs, it is cmmn t be stuck in traffic fr half an hur, and it will be lnger if it rains.
【例4】 家长是孩子们最亲近的人，但是有时他们依然不理解孩子们说的话。（figure）
【答案】Althugh parents are the clsest peple t their children, smetimes they still cannt figure ut what their children say
7、以成语为主的考点
心不在焉absent-minded
大相径庭 be ttally different
粗心大意 careless/care1essness, :
不计其数cuntless
引人入胜attractive
焕然一新 take n a new lk
置之不理take n ntice f
固执己见（Stubbrnly0 stick t ne’s wn pinin
一箭之遥Within a stne’s thrw
忍无可忍 can n lnger put up with
蹑手蹑脚 n tipte :
不得而知Remain unknwn
鼎力相助D whatever ne can t help
刮目相看Lk at Sb. with new eyes
百听不厌be wrth listening t a hundred times
欣喜若狂 be wild with jy
迫不及待can’t wait t d…
安然无恙safe and sund
一心一意d sth. heart and sul
视而不见充耳不闻 turn a blind eye t/ turn a deaf ear t…
三言两语in a few wrds
受益匪浅benefit a lt frm
梦想成真realize ne’s dream /dream cme true
不辞而别take leave withut saying gdbye
志趣相投share the same hbby
宁死不屈wuld rather die than surrender
反之亦然vice versa
别无选择have n chice but t
不知所措be at a lss
坚守岗位stick t ne’s pst
坚持不懈persevere in døing
半途而废give up halfway
一事无成.achieve nthing
熟能生巧Practice makes perfect.
勤能补拙Diligence can make up r the lack f intelligence.
入乡随俗When in Rme, d as the Rmans d.
趁热打铁Strike while the irn is ht.
骄者必败Pride ges befre a fall.
覆水难收It’s n use crying ver spilt milk
众所周知As is knwn t all, …
8、注意词的特殊用法
如：accessible, available, arrange, cnvenient等
1：他忘了带阅读证，进不了图书馆。（accessible）
He frgt t bring the reading card, s the library was nt accessible t him.
2：我已安排好一辆车去车站接他们。（arrange）
I have arranged fr a car t pick them up at the railway statin.
3：如果你方便的话，请帮我去邮局寄一些包裹。（cnvenient）
If it is cnvenient t yu, please g t the pst ffice t send these parcels fr me.
4：这家超市能买到各种床上用品。（available）
Bed clthes f all kinds are available at this supermarket. (adj.)
5：每年都有很多物种灭绝。（extinct）
Every year many species f animals becme extinct(adj.)
6：学生不能进教师阅览室。（access）
Students have n access t the teachers’ reading rm. (n.)
7：网上支付方便了用户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。(at the cst f)
Online payment makes it easier fr users, but (it is) at the cst f their privacy
8．最近几个月来，时令蔬菜大量上市，因其品种丰富、价格便宜，百姓的选择越来越多。(available)
【答案】In recent mnths, seasnal vegetables have been available n the market in large numbers, and peple have mre and mre chices because f their variety and cheap prices.
【详解】
考查名词，动词，介词，形容词，连词，短语和时态。表示“最近几个月来”应用介词短语in recent mnths；
表示“时令蔬菜”应用名词短语seasnal vegetables；表示“大量”应用介词短语in large numbers；表示“上市”应用所给形容词的短语available n the market；表示“因”应用介词短语because f；表示“品种丰富”应用名词variety；表示“价格便宜”应用名词短语cheap price的复数形式，表示泛指很多价格；表示“百姓”应用名词peple；表示“选择越来越多”应用动词短语have mre and mre chices。句子有时间状语 “最近几个月来”，所以句子谓语用现在完成时，主语是“时令蔬菜”，指很多，是复数意义，所以助动词用have。故翻译为In recent mnths, seasnal vegetables have been available n the market in large numbers, and peple have mre and mre chices because f their variety and cheap prices。
9、长句难句翻译
高考翻译最后一句属于长句翻译，翻译时，要“先主干，再细节”。理清句子的成分，先确定框架，再添砖加瓦。
老实说，尽管阴雨绵绵，所有参加艺术节的同学无不为周到的安排、精彩的表演所深深打动。（impress）
任何处理复杂问题的人都可能因为没有全面了解挑战而受到指责，虽然事先了解一切是不可能的。(blame)
学生们接触到金融问题的年龄越小，就越有可能成为能有效地管理资产且有责任心的成年人。（expse）
就减肥而言，一种饮食确实不适合所有人，对一些人有效的也许对另一些人并非灵丹妙药。(what)
对志愿者来说, 重要的不是能为别人做多少, 而是能从中获得宝贵的经验和帮助他人的快感。()
那家超市很受欢迎，因为它提供给顾客合理的价格，令人轻松的氛围和范围广泛的产品。 (range)
T be hnest, in spite f/ despite raining cntinuusly, all the students wh attended the art festival were deeply impressed by the thughtful/ cnsiderate/ careful arrangement and wnderful perfrmance.
/T be hnest, even if it was raining cntinuusly, all the students wh attended the art festival were deeply impressed by the thughtful/ cnsiderate/ careful arrangement and wnderful perfrmance.
Anyne dealing with a cmplicated prblem may be blamed fr nt fully understanding the challenge, thugh it’s impssible t knw everything in advance.
The yunger the students are when (they are) expsed t financial issues, the mre likely they are t becme respnsible adults wh can manage their finances effectively.
When it cmes t (/In terms f/Regarding/In regard t/Cncerning/As far as lsing weight is cncerned) lsing weight, ne diet really desn't fit all, and what wrks fr sme may nt be best/effective fr thers.
What matters t vlunteers is nt hw much they can d fr thers but that they can gain valuable experience and jy/happiness f helping ther peple.
The supermarket is very ppular, because it prvides custmers with reasnable prices, a relaxing atmsphere and a wide range f prducts.
例1. 我第一次写英语作文时，犯了许多拼写错误。(make)
The first time I wrte the English cmpsitin, I made a lt f spelling mistakes.
该句是时间状语从句，某些时间状语从句由the first time, each time, every time和the mment等词组引导，它们既有实实在在的意义又有连词的作用，无需再与其他连词连用。又如：他每次来，总是讲给我们听一些趣事。Every/Each time he cmes, he always tells us smething interesting. 由于Every/Each time本身就是连接词语，所以Every/Each time引导的从句，直接跟句子。
例2. 保护环境是每个公民的职责。(it…)
It is the duty f every citizen t prtect ur envirnment.
这里it作形式主语，真正的主语是t prtect ur envirnment。It作形式主语或形式宾语在翻译中是个难点。再如：正是你的帮助使得我们有可能在旅游的季节住到一个中国人的家里。It was yur help that made it pssible fr us t stay with a Chinese family during the turist seasn. 这里用it作形式宾语即make it pssible的句型。而整个句子又是为“It is/was…that…”的强调句式。看到中文表述“正是……”， 往往可能用到强调句。
例3. 彼得每月留出一点钱以便在不久的将来购买一辆新汽车。(set aside)
Peter sets aside sme mney every mnth s that he can buy a new car in the near future.
该题考了s that 引导的目的状语从句，s that后面有情态动词的一般为目的状语从句，没有的一般为结果状语从句。如：这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。
The histrical nvel abut Wrld War I is s attractive that I can’t stand parting with it.
该句考的是s+形容词或副词+that…的结果状语从句。
例4. 不管天有多晚，他从不把今天的事拖到明天。(put ff)
Hwever late it is, he never puts ff what shuld be dne tday till tmrrw.
该句是让步状语从句，表示“无论……”的状语从句可以翻译成wh +ever或 n matter +hw/what/when/where引导的结构。Hwever后面应该直接跟所修饰的形容词或副词，也可翻译成：N matter hw late it is, he never puts ff what shuld be dne tday till tmrrw.
例5. 这小孩太调皮，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。(S …)
S naughty is the child that he ften upsets his parents wh are busy with their wrk.
本句主要考察s…that引导的结果状语从句。由于s大写，一定要把它放于句首，且句子要倒装。另外，句中的“忙于”可翻译为be busy with sth.或be busy ding的短语，最后要注意成语或习语“心烦意乱”的表达，切记不要把成语或习语想的太复杂，学生除适当地背一些这方面的表达，更要在理解的基础上转化成我们所熟悉的表达。可见翻译不止考一个句型或某一特定的短语，它考察很全面，所以学生基本功要扎实。
例6. 无论风多大、雨多急，警察一直坚守在岗位上。（n matter…）
N matter hw hard the rain falls and the wind blws, the plice keep t their psts.
本句考察的让步状语从句。N matter+特殊疑问词和特殊疑问词+ever 都可表达。既然句中给的是n matter…，就很容易让学生联想起让步状语从句。“风多大、雨多急”看似简单的短语，学生要灵活的把它们处理在一起。“坚守在岗位”要求学生多整理一些常用动词和介词或副词搭配在一起的短语。
例7. 尽管遭受如此严重的自然灾害，但只要不灰心，我们终会克服暂时的困难。（Althugh)
Althugh we are suffering such a serius/severe natural disaster, we will eventually smth away/vercme the temprary difficulty as lng as we dn't/never lse heart.
最后一个句子貌似比较难，因为句子比较长。但是，高考翻译中的长句子都是纸老虎，大家只要判断句子之间的逻辑关系，然后用合适的连接词（或者介词短语，非谓语动词等）把句子给连接起来，整个句子就搞定了。另外，本题对于基本词汇和词组的掌握又有所考查，如果考生对一些词的翻译不甚了解，可能会导致失分，例如“遭受”、“灰心”、“克服”、“暂时”这些词的翻译。在翻译长句子时还有很重要的一点就是不要漏掉重要信息，这需要考生在翻译时对句子的细节有精准的把握，翻译完后再对照一下中英文意思，看有没有遗漏重要信息。
例8. 尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施援救。（despite）
Despite the high muntains and thick frests, the dctrs and nurses rushed t the scene f the accident fr the rescue/t carry ut the rescue.
本题考查句子结构和活用。“Despite”是介词，所以后面应接名词、名词短语或名词性从句。“山高林密”可译为“the high muntains and thick（dense） frests”。“实施救援”是目的，但是也可以译为表示伴随情况的并列句。
例9. 那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美丽。(It…)
It’s very hard fr thse wh haven’t been t the small village t describe its beauty.
该句关键是掌握thse wh引导的定语从句的用法。这里先行词是thse（指人），所以后面用wh。
例10. 我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。()
I find it is hard t cperate with thse wh always stick t their wn pinins.
“那些一贯固执己见的”做定语放在中心词前太长，处理成定语从句更为恰当。“wh always stick t their wn pinins”。
【例11】(2020上海春考） 每周三，这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者，教孩子们剪纸和编织。(a rule)
【思路解析】句中“雷打不动”无法直接翻译，只能意译为：make it a rule t d sth.表示“使做某事成为常规”。
【参考答案】Thse cllege students make it a rule t g t the rphanage t wrk as vlunteers every Wednesday,
【详解】考查非谓语动词、时态和固定句式。根据句意和提示词可知，本句使用固定句式：make it a rule t d，表示“使做某事成为常规”，时间状语“每周三”表明是经常或反复发生的动作，用一般现在时，同时使用非谓语动词，“大学生”与“教”之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语，故翻译为：Every Wednesday，these university students make it a rule t d vlunteer service in the rphanage, teaching children paper-cutting and knitting.
【例12】(2019上海高考）爷爷有点耳背，对他耐心一点。(patient）
【思路解析】句中“耳背”无法直译，只能意译为：a little deaf或smething wrng with ne's ears。
【参考答案】Grandpa is a little deaf and be patient with him./There is smething wrng with grandpa's ears, s be patient with him.
【详解】考查短语和时态。结合句意表示“耳背”可翻译为there be smething wrng with ne's ears；表示“对某人耐心”短语为be patient with sb.；此处为s连接并列句，且前半句陈述事实应用一般现在时，后半句为肯定祈使句，句首动词用原形。故翻译为There is smething wrng with grandpa's ears, s be patient with him.
【例13】（2020年春考）这首歌在今年的艺术节上首发时，因其旋律欢快，风格诙谐引起轰动，但只是昙花一现。（when）
【思路解析】此句中“昙花一现”’可以意译为：its ppularity didn’t last lng / but it lasted (fr) nly a very shrt time/ perid.；也可以直译为：a flash in the pan。
【参考答案】When first released at the pening ceremny f the Art Festival, this sng caused a sensatin / made a stir because f / fr/ due t its cheerful meldy and humrus style, but it was just a flash in the pan./ but it didn’t last lng. / but it lasted (fr) nly a very shrt time/ perid.
/The sng caused a stir/sensatin /became a hit fr its cheerful meldy and cmic style when it was first
perfrmed/released at the Art Festival this year, but its ppularity didn’t last lng/a flash in the pan .
【详解】本题考查了when引导的时间状语从句，考查的词汇和词组并不难，“昙花一现”看似难翻，但只要表达清楚意思就可以了。
【例14】究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？(mtivate)（2019上海春考）
【答案】What n earth mtivated Xia Wang t study / learn electrnic engineering?
/What was it that mtivated Xia Wang t study / learn electrnic engineering?
【思路解析】根据英语表达及句子成分分析，此处“的积极性”可以省略不必翻译。
【例15】 物理课上，他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail) （2006上海春考）
【答案】In the physics class, he failed t understand what Prfessr Wang was talking abut.
【思路解析】根据英语表达及句子成分分析，此处“的内容”可以省略不必翻译。
【例16】 和学生时代的他相比，那名士兵简直判若两人。（Hw）(2019上海高考）
【答案】Hw different the sldier is frm what he was in his schl days ！
【详解】考查感叹句、时态和名词性从句。Hw+形容词 / 副词+主语+谓语！frm后的宾语从句中，从句缺少表语，且指物，所以用连接词what。根据句意，用一般现在时。故翻译为Hw different the sldier is frm what he was in his schl days ！
【例17】 随着体力逐渐恢复正常，那名业余自行车手的夺冠之梦不再遥不可及。（nrmal）（2019上海高考）
【答案】As his physical strength returns t nrmal, the amateur cyclist’s dream f winning champinship will n lnger be beynd reach.
【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和时态。本句为as引导的时间状语从句，从句中表示“体力”应用短语physical strength，作主语；表示“恢复正常”可知短语为return t nrmal，从句为一般现在时；主句中表示“业余自行车手”短语为amateur cyclist；表示“夺冠之梦”可翻译为dream f winning champinship；表示“不再”短语为n lnger；表示“遥不可及”短语为beynd reach，主句应用一般将来时。故翻译为As his physical strength returns t nrmal, the amateur cyclist’s dream f winning champinship will n lnger be beynd reach.
【例18】 当被问及究竟是什么使她成为了专业的运动员和尖子生，她将秘密总结为“热情、专注和平衡”。（it）
【答案】When asked what exactly made her a prfessinal athlete and tp student, she summed up it was enthusiasm, cncentratin and balance that made her did it.
【详解】
考查强调句、从句、时态、短语及名词。根据句意可知 ，本句描述过去的内容，故用一般过去时。表示“当……时”用when引导时间状语从句；表示“被问及”用过去分词asked，表示被动；表示“专业的运动员和尖子生”用a prfessinal athlete and tp student；表示“什么使她成为了专业的运动员和尖子生”用宾语从句what exactly made her a prfessinal athlete and tp student；表示“究竟”用exactly；表示“总结”用summed up；表示“热情”用enthusiasm；表示“专注”用cncentratin；表示“平衡”用balance；根据提示，此句使用强调句it was enthusiasm, cncentratin and balance that made her did it。故答案为When asked what exactly made her a prfessinal athlete and tp student, she summed up it was enthusiasm, cncentratin and balance that made her did it.
【例19】 让新任馆长欣慰的是，得益于针对性的举措，原本积灰的展品焕然一新，博物馆也恢复了往日的风采。(restre)
【答案】T the relief f the newly-appinted curatr, benefiting frm the targeted initiatives, the exhibits which were cvered with dust are nw taking a new lk and museum als restre t what it used t be./ previus glry.
【详解】
考查名词、动词、介词、从句及短语。根据句意可知，此句描述一般事实，故用一般现在时。表示“让新任馆长欣慰的是”用T the relief f the newly-appinted curatr；表示“得益于”用现在分词短语benefiting frm，现在分词作原因状语；表示“针对性的举措”用the targeted initiatives；表示“展品”用the exhibits；表示“原本积灰”用一般过去时which were cvered with dust，该定语从句修饰先行词the exhibits；表示“现在焕然一新”
用are nw taking a new lk；表示“博物馆”用museum；表示“也”用als；表示“恢复”用restre t；表示“往日的风采”用what it used t be/ previus glry，what引导宾语从句，在从句中作表语。故答案为T the relief f the newly-appinted curatr, benefiting frm the targeted initiatives, the exhibits which were cvered with dust are nw taking a new lk and museum als restre t what it used t be previus glry.
【例20】 这部电影制作成本低，既无大牌明星出镜，也无复杂的故事情节，但主人公对故乡深深的依恋之情令观众动容。(with)
【答案】Althugh this was a lw-cst film, with neither famus stars (in it) nr cmplicated plt, the audience was greatly mved by the deep lve f the main character t his hmetwn.
【详解】
考查连词、形容词、名词、动词短语、介词短语和让步状语从句。结合句意，分析句子可知，全句讲述过去的事情，用一般过去式；“这部电影制作成本低，既无大牌明星出镜，也无复杂的故事情节”可处理为让步状语从句，用从属连词althugh引导，其中“这部电影制作成本低”译为this was a lw-cst film，“既无大牌明星出镜，也无复杂的故事情节”可处理为with介词短语作定语，“既无……也无……”用连词表示，“大牌明星出镜”用famus stars (in it)表示，“复杂的故事情节”用cmplicated plt表示，从句译为：althugh this was a lw-cst film, with neither famus stars (in it) nr cmplicated plt；“但主人公对故乡深深的依恋之情令观众动容”是主句，“……令观众动容”可处理被动语态，用the audience作主语，译为the audience was greatly mved by...，“主人公对故乡深深的依恋之情”作宾语，用the deep lve f the main character t his hmetwn表示，主句译为：the audience was greatly mved by the deep lve f the main character t his hmetwn；综上，全句译为：Althugh this was a lw-cst film, with neither famus stars (in it) nr cmplicated plt, the audience was greatly mved by the deep lve f the main character t his hmetwn.
2024年1月春考
72. 在电子邮件时代，许多人依然会因为收到纸质信件而欣喜不已。（delight）
参考译文：
In the era/age f email, many peple still take delight in / delight in receiving paper letters.
delight三个常见短语
①令某人高兴的是：t ne’s delight
例句：令父母高兴的是，孩子们的成绩在持续提高。T the parents' delight, the children's grades were imprving steadily.
②对...感到高兴：delight in/ take delight in
例句：他对自己的新工作感到非常满意。He tk great delight in his new jb.
③高兴：with delight
例句：The children squealed with delight when they saw the puppy. 孩子们看到小狗时高兴得大声尖叫。
73. 无论是音乐还是绘画，经典作品有跨越时空的力量。（whether)
参考译文：
Whether it is music r painting, classic wrks have the pwer t transcend time and space/ span time and space.
74. 这本书介绍了农历的由来，并强调其在中国古代农业发展中的重要作用。（emphasis）
参考译文：
This bk intrduces the rigin f the lunar calendar and places/lays/puts emphasis n its imprtant rle in the develpment f ancient Chinese agriculture.
75. 新出台的政策创造了大量就业机会，吸引青年才俊在这个区域定居，为当地企业注入活力。（inject）
参考译文：
①伴随状语结构 The newly intrduced plicy has created a large number f jb/emplyment pprtunities and attracted mre yung talents t settle dwn in this area/regin/district, injecting vitality/energy int lcal enterprises/cmpanies/businesses.
②非限制性定语从句结构 ..., which has injected vitality/energy int lcal enterprises/cmpanies/businesses.
新出台的
the newly/recently intrduced plicy
newly/recently launched plicy
the new plicy that has been rlled ut
2023年1月春考
Directins:Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets
72.他接到通知，实验结果一时半会还出不来。(infrm)
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⏩参考答案：
He was infrmed that the results f the experiment wuld nt be available fr smetime.
\\ He was infrmed that there wuld be sme time befre the finding f the experiment came ut.
翻译要点：实验结果出不来，通知；一时半会
73.若不精心安排，明天的美术馆之行就会变成走马观花。 (if)
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⏩参考答案：
If nt planned carefully, tmrrw's visit t the art gallery will turn ut t be a brief tur/ visit/ a passing glance.
翻译要点：美术馆之行，visit t the art gallery；走马观花，a brief tur.
74.对喜剧演员来说，没有什么比演出中听到观众得阵阵笑声更有成就感了(there be)
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⏩参考答案：
Fr a cmedian, there is nthing mre satisfying/ gratifying/ rewarding/fulfilling than hearing the bursts f laughter f the audience during his perfrmance/ shw.
翻译要点：喜剧演员，cmedian；演出中，during a perfrmance；观众得阵阵笑声，bursts f laughter frm the audience；有成就感，fulfilling.
75.上任以来，镇长始终将了解民生、听取民意视为重中之重，利用工作之余走访了镇上的每家户。(call n)
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⏩参考答案：
Since taking ffice, the twn mayr has always taken it a tp pririty t understand peple's livelihd and listening t public pinin, and has called n every husehld in the twn in his spare time.
翻译要点：上任以来，since taking ffice；将...视为重中之重， tp pririties；利用工作之余，during his spare time；走访了每家户，visited every husehld.
A
(上海市西中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题)
52. 王老师知识面广博, 被他的学生称为“活字典”。(refer)
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【答案】Mr. Wang has a wide range f knwledge and is referred t as a “walking dictinary” by his students.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“王老师”翻译为Mr. Wang；“知识面广博”用短语a wide range f knwledge；“被……称为”用短语be referred t as；“活字典”翻译为walking dictinary；“被他的学生”翻译为by his students。故翻译为Mr. Wang has a wide range f knwledge and is referred t as a “walking dictinary” by his students.
53. 这本小册子使我相信价格中包含送货费, 但事实并非如此。(lead)
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【答案】This bklet led me t believe that the delivery fee was included in the price, but it wasn’t the case.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态、语态和宾语从句。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。“这本小册子”翻译为This bklet；“使某人做某事”用短语lead sb. t d sth.；“相信”用动词believe，后接宾语从句。从句不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以用连接代词that引导。“送货费”翻译为 the delivery fee，在从句中作主语；“包含”用动词include，与从句主语之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态；“价格中”翻译为 in the price；“但事实并非如此”翻译为 but it wasn’t the case。故翻译为This bklet led me t believe that the delivery fee was included in the price, but it wasn’t the case.
54. 许多体重正常的人, 无论男女, 都对时尚杂志中那些超瘦的模特儿无法产生认同感。(identify)
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【答案】Many peple with nrmal weight, bth men and wmen, can’t identify with the extremely skinny mdels in fashin magazines.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。“许多体重正常的人”翻译为many peple with nrmal weight；“无论男女”翻译为bth men and wmen；“认同”用短语 identify with；“超瘦的模特儿”翻译为extremely skinny mdel；“时尚杂志”翻译为 fashin magazine。故翻译为Many peple with nrmal weight, bth men and wmen, can’t identify with the extremely skinny mdels in fashin magazines.
55. 只有极少数物种在这场严重的森林大火中幸存, 这对当地的生态乃至社会经济发展将产生深远的影响。（which）
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【答案】Only a very few species have survived the serius frest fire, which will have a prfund impact n the lcal eclgy and even the scial and ecnmic develpment.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。“只有”用副词nly，“极少数物种”翻译为a very few species；“幸存”用动词survive；“在这场严重的森林大火中”翻译为the serius frest fire；“这”指代前文“只有极少数物种在这场严重的森林大火中幸存”，用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句；“对……产生影响”用短语have an impact n；“深远的”用形容词 prfund；“当地的生态”翻译为 lcal eclgy；“社会经济发展”翻译为scial and ecnmic develpment。根据句意，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般将来时。故翻译为：Only a very few species have survived the serius frest fire, which will have a prfund impact n the lcal eclgy and even the scial and ecnmic develpment.
B
(上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷 )
52. 众所周知，陶渊明是中国古代一位杰出和有影响力的诗人，他写了一百三十余首诗。（acknwledge）
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【答案】It is universally acknwledged that Ta Yuanming is an utstanding and influential pet in ancient China, wh wrte mre than 130 pems.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、定语从句和形容词。根据句意，表示“众所周知”可理解为“人们普遍认为”可译为it is universally acknwledged that句型，其中it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正主语，位于句首单词，首字母需大写；表示“陶渊明是中国古代一位杰出和有影响力的诗人”为主语从句，主语“陶渊明”为Ta Yuanming，表示“是”为be动词，此处描述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，所以be动词为is，表示“一位杰出和有影响力的诗人”为an utstanding and influential pet作表语，其中形容词utstanding和influential作定语修饰名词pet，表示“中国古代”为in ancient China，所以主句译为It is universally acknwledged that Ta Yuanming is an utstanding and influential pet in ancient China；表示“他写了一百三十余首诗”为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Ta Yuanming指人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词wh，表示“写了”为write，作定语从句的谓语，使用过去时，所以定语从句译为wh wrte mre than 130 pems。故翻译为It is universally acknwledged that Ta Yuanming is an utstanding and influential pet in ancient China, wh wrte mre than 130 pems.
53. 古代人并不知道季节变化会影响农作物的收成；相反，他们将丰收归功于祖先的庇护。(credit)
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【答案】Ancient peple did nt knw that seasnal changes affected/ affect farming utcmes/ harvest/ yield/ prductin f crps/ grains/ prduce. Instead/ On the cntrary/ Cnversely, they credited successful harvests t the prtectin/ blessing f ancestrs.
【解析】
【详解】考查一般过去时，宾语从句，短语和名词。表示“古代人”使用名词ancient peple，谓语动词的时态使用过去时，“不知道”使用did nt knw, 其后使用宾语从句，从句的主语“季节变化”使用seasnal changes，从句谓语动词的时态可以使用过去时表示过去的动作也可以使用一般现在时表示一种客观事实，可使用affected/ affect, 表示“农作物的收成”有多种表达，可使用farming utcmes/ harvest/ yield/ prductin f crps/ grains/ prduce。表示“相反”使用短语instead/ n the cntrary/ cnversely, 表示“将归功于”使用，表示“丰收”使用successful harvests，表示“祖先的庇护”使用the prtectin/ blessing f ancestrs。故翻译为Ancient peple did nt knw that seasnal changes affected/ affect farming utcmes/ harvest/ yield/ prductin f crps/ grains/ prduce. Instead/ On the cntrary/ Cnversely, they credited successful harvests t the prtectin/ blessing f ancestrs.
54. 中国文化的独特魅力，无论是古老的建筑艺术还是博大精深的中医理论，都吸引了来自世界各地的人们。（appeal）
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【答案】The unique charm f Chinese culture, whether it is ancient architectural art r the prfund thery f traditinal Chinese medicine, has appealed t peple frm arund the wrld.##The unique charm f Chinese culture, whether it is ancient architectural art r the prfund thery f traditinal Chinese medicine, has held appeal fr peple frm arund the wrld.
【解析】
【详解】考查现在完成时和让步状语从句。“中国文化的独特魅力”应译为the unique charm f Chinese culture，作主语，为单数，“无论……还是……”用whether…r...引导的让步状语从句，“古老的建筑艺术”译为ancient architectural art，“博大精深的中医理论”译为the prfund thery f traditinal Chinese medicine，“吸引”为固定短语appeal t或hld appeal fr，“吸引了”译为has appealed t或has held appeal fr，为现在完成时态，强调从过去某个时间开始一直到现在这种吸引力的持续性和已经产生的影响，“来自世界各地的人们”译为peple frm arund the wrld，作状语。故翻译为：The unique charm f Chinese culture, whether it is ancient architectural art r the prfund thery f traditinal Chinese medicine, has appealed t/ has held appeal fr peple frm arund the wrld.
55. 当下，网络上催人奋进的人和事被网友们贴上了“正能量”的标签，它们描述了普通人在逆境中不屈不挠的奋斗，激励着更多人书写属于自己的辉煌篇章。（label）
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【答案】
Currently, the inspiring stries and individuals n the Internet have been labeled (as) “psitive energy” by netizens, describing the unyielding struggles f rdinary peple in adversity and inspiring mre peple t write their wn splendid chapters.
【解析】
【详解】考查被动语态和非谓语动词。分析原句可知，可将“网络上催人奋进的人和事被网友们贴上了“正能量”的标签”视为主句，后面两句动作的主语都是“人和事”，可用非谓语动词来表达。主句部分，“当下”是时间状语，可译为currently，句子可按主干结构缩写为“人和事被贴上了标签”，故主语“人和事”为复数概念，可译为stries and individuals，其前“催人奋进的”为定语，可译为inspiring，“网络上”写成介词短语作后置定语，可译为n the Internet，谓语“被贴上标签”参考题目给出的label一词，这里表达动作发生在过去并对现在有影响，符合现在完成时下的被动语态，结构为have/has been dne,在表复数概念的主语后助动词应用have，“贴上“正能量”的标签”可结合label的用法“label sb./sth.(as)sth.”，其中“正能量”可译为psitive energy，“被网友们”可译为by netizens，故主句部分可翻译为Currently, the inspiring stries and individuals n the Internet have been labeled (as) “psitive energy” by netizens；状语部分，两个句子的非谓语动词“描述describe”和“激励inspire”和主句主语之间都是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，对于第一句，按主干结构缩写为“描述了奋斗”，故describe的宾语中心词为struggles，其前“不屈不挠的”为定语，可译为unyielding，“在逆境中”写成介词短语作后置定语，可译为in adversity，“普通人（的）”可按f所有格处理，译为f rdinary peple，对于第二句，按主干结构缩写为“激励人书写篇章”，符合inspire的用法inspire sb. t d sth.，“更多人”可译为mre peple，“篇章”可译为chapters，其前“辉煌”为定语，可译为splendid，“属于（他们）自己的”可译为their wn，两个非谓语动词可用并列连词and连接，故状语部分可翻译为describing the unyielding struggles f rdinary peple in adversity and inspiring mre peple t write their wn splendid chapters。故翻译为Currently, the inspiring stries and individuals n the Internet have been labeled (as) “psitive energy” by netizens, describing the unyielding struggles f rdinary peple in adversity and inspiring mre peple t write their wn splendid chapters.
C
(上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期末英语试卷)
72. 人们通过在微信上分享照片让亲朋好友了解他们的近况。(keep)
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【答案】Peple keep their relatives and friends infrmed f their recent situatins by sharing phts n WeChat.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。根据所给中文提示词，主语是“人们”译为“peple”，“让某人了解某事”用短语keep sb infrmed f sth，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，“亲朋好友”译为“their relatives and friends”，“他们的近况”，译为“their recent situatins”，“通过在微信上分享照片”可用介词短语by ding sth.译为“by sharing phts n WeChat”。故译为：Peple keep their relatives and friends infrmed f their recent situatins by sharing phts n WeChat.
73. 一般说来，交通繁忙的十字路口可能会发生交通事故。(happen)
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【答案】Generally speaking, traffic accidents are likely t happen at a crssrads where traffic is heavy.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。表示“一般说来”应用固定搭配generally speaking；表示“交通事故”应用traffic accidents；表示“可能做某事”应用be likely t d sth.，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词使用复数形式；表示“发生”应用happen，位于动词不定式符号t后面，使用动词原形；表示“在十字路口”应用at a crssrads；表示“交通繁忙的”应用where traffic is heavy，此处where引导定语从句，修饰先行词crssrads，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语。故翻译成：Generally speaking, traffic accidents are likely t happen at a crssrads where traffic is heavy.。
74. 莫言曾在一次演讲中说到：许多发生在他身上的事情都让他相信真理和正义就在我们身边。(cnvince)
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【答案】M Yan nce said in his speech that many things that had happened t him cnvinced him that truth and justice are alive and always arund us.
【解析】
【详解】本题考查宾语从句、定语从句、时态、固定搭配。分析句子结构，“说到”(say)和“相信”（cnvince）后面均是一个宾语从句，且从句成分和意义完整，所以应用that引导，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。cnvince意为“使相信，说服”，为及物动词，cnvince sb. that...意为“让某人相信……”。“许多发生在他身上的事情” 可表述为 many things that had happened t him，其中 many things 作 said 的宾语从句中的主语，that had happened t him 为定语从句，happen t smebdy意为“发生在某人身上”，为固定搭配，happen表示的动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。“真理”可表示为truth；“正义”可表示为justice；“在我们身边”可表示为be alive and always arund us。“真理和正义就在我们身边”陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故正确答案为：M Yan nce said in his speech that many things that had happened t him cnvinced him that truth and justice are alive and always arund us.
75. 毫无疑问，不管人类文明有多么发达，如果生态平衡被打破，过不了多久我们就会自食其果。(it)
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【答案】There is n dubt that n matter hw develped human civilizatin is, if the eclgical balance is brken, it will nt be lng befre we suffer the cnsequences.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、从句和时态。句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时；“毫无疑问”使用固定句型There is n dubt that，“不管人类文明有多么发达”使用n matter hw引导的让步状语从句，“发达”使用develped，“人类文明”使用human civilizatin，译为n matter hw develped human civilizatin is，“如果生态平衡被打破”使用if引导的条件状语从句，译为if the eclgical balance is brken，“过不了多久”表将来，应用一般将来时，使用固定句型it will nt be lng befre，“我们就会自食其果”位于befre引导的时间状语从句中，应用一般现在时表将来，译为we suffer the cnsequences。故翻译为There is n dubt that n matter hw develped human civilizatin is, if the eclgical balance is brken, it will nt be lng befre we suffer the cnsequences.
D
(上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试卷)
52. 自发行以来，这款游戏席卷了游戏界，三天内在所有平台上售出了超过1000万份。(release)
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【答案】Since its release this game has swept the gaming industry, selling mre than 10 millin cpies n all platfrms within three days.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态与固定表达。表示“自发行以来”用since its release，其为现在完成时时间标志；“席卷了游戏界”用短语sweep the gaming industry；表示“三天内”用within three days；表示“售出了超过1000万份给……”用sell mre than 10 millin cpies，此处使用现在分词作状语；表示“所有的平台”用all platfrms。故翻译Since its release, this game has swept the gaming industry, selling mre than 10 millin cpies n all platfrms within three days.
53. 为了让打斗场面在技术和艺术上更具吸引力，制作团队融合了中国武术和传统戏曲的多种元素.（integrate）
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【答案】
The prductin team integrated varius elements f Chinese martial arts and traditinal pera t make the fight scenes mre appealing bth technically and artistically.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态、形容词、非谓语动词、名词。表示“制作团队”用the prductin team，作主语，句首单词首字母大写。表示“融合”用integrate，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。表示“多种的”用形容词varius，作前置定语，修饰名词“元素”。表示“元素”用element，用复数形式，作integrated的宾语。表示“中国武术”用Chinese martial arts，表示“传统戏曲”用traditinal pera。表示“中国武术和传统戏曲的多种元素”用varius elements f Chinese martial arts and traditinal pera。表示“使得，让”用make，用不定式，作目的状语。表示“打斗场面”用fight scene，用复数形式，作make的宾语。表示“更具吸引力”用mre appealing，作宾补。表示“在技术和艺术上”用bth technically and artistically，作状语。故答案为：The prductin team integrated varius elements f Chinese martial arts and traditinal pera t make the fight scenes mre appealing bth technically and artistically.
54. 作为中国第一款高成本、高质量的国产游戏，它根据玩家在游戏中发现的任何可选任务或隐藏的秘密，提供了多重结局.（whatever）
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【答案】As China's first high-cst and high-quality dmestic game, it ffers multiple endings accrding t whatever ptinal tasks r hidden secrets players find in the game.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、定语从句和时态。因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时。“作为”可表达为 as；“中国第一款高成本、高质量的国产游戏”可翻译为China's first high-cst and high-quality dmestic game；“提供”可用ffer；“多重结局”为multiple endings；“根据”可表达为accrding t；“玩家在游戏中发现的任何可选任务或隐藏的秘密”可翻译为whatever ptinal tasks r hidden secrets players find in the game，其中players find in the game为省略关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词secrets。故整句话翻译为As China's first high-cst and high-quality dmestic game, it ffers multiple endings accrding t whatever ptinal tasks r hidden secrets players find in the game.
55. 通过尖端的动作捕捉技术，可以从各个角度记录穿着有反射点的定制服装的专业演员的动作，并将其处理成虚拟数据，最终呈现在游戏角色上。（with）
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【答案】With advanced mtin capture technlgy recrding the mvements f prfessinal actrs wearing custm cstumes with reflective markers frm varius angles, the data can be prcessed int virtual frm and ultimately presented in vide game characters.
【解析】
【详解】考查with复合结构、动词语态、非谓语动词。表示“采用先进的动作捕捉技术，从不同角度记录穿着定制服装的专业演员的动作，并带有反光标记”用with复合结构，with位于句首，首字母大写；表示“先进的”用形容词advanced，作前置定语，修饰“动作捕捉技术”；表示“动作捕捉技术”用mtin capture technlgy，作With的宾语；表示“记录”用recrd，用现在分词，作宾补；表示“职业演员的动作”用the mvements f prfessinal actrs，作recrding的宾语；表示“穿着”用wear，用现在分词，作后置定语；表示“带有反光标记的定制服装”用custm cstumes with reflective markers，作wearing的宾语；表示“从各个角度”用frm varius angles。表示“数据”用data，作主语，此处为特指，data前加the；表示“处理成”用prcess... int...，与主语为被动关系，用can be prcessed int表示“可以被处理为”；表示“虚拟的形式”用virtual frm，作宾语；表示“呈现”用present，与主语为被动关系，用过去分词，与prcessed为并列关系，用连词and连接；表示“最终”用ultimately，表示“在游戏角色上”用in vide game characters。故翻译为：With advanced mtin capture technlgy recrding the mvements f prfessinal actrs wearing custm cstumes with reflective markers frm varius angles, the data can be prcessed int virtual frm and ultimately presented in vide game characters.