人教版八年级下册英语Unit 1知识点梳理及语法讲义（教师版）

这是一份人教版八年级下册英语Unit 1知识点梳理及语法讲义（教师版），共19页。学案主要包含了用法详解，拓展延伸，即学即用，易混辨析，参考范文等内容，欢迎下载使用。

（一）完成单词梳理：
名词：1. matter 问题；事情 2. stmachache 胃痛；腹痛 3. ft 脚；足
4. neck 颈；脖子 5. stmach 胃；腹部 6. thrat 咽喉；喉咙
7. fever 发烧 8. X-ray X射线；X光 9. tthache 牙痛
10. headache 头痛 11. break 间歇；休息 12. passenger 乘客；旅客
13. truble 问题；苦恼 14. knee 膝；膝盖 15. nsebleed 鼻出血
16. climber 登山者；攀登者 17. accident （交通）事故 18. situatin 情况；状况
19. kil 千克；公斤 20. rck 岩石 21. knife 刀
22. bld 血 23. imprtance 重要性；重要 24. decisin 决定；抉择
25. spirit 勇气；意志 26. death 死；死亡 27. nurse 护士
动词：1. lie 躺；平躺 2. hurt （使）疼痛；受伤 3. hit 击；打
4. press 压；挤；按 5. breath 呼吸 6. mean 意思是；打算；意欲
代词：1. herself （she的反身代词）她自己 2. urselves （we的反身代词）我们自己
介词：1. nt 向；朝
形容词：1. sre 疼痛的；酸痛的 2. sick 生病的；有病的 3. sunburned 晒伤的
兼类词：1. rest （v/n）放松；休息 2. cugh （n/v）咳嗽
3. ff （adv/prep）离开（某处）；不工作；从……去掉
4. bandage （n）绷带（v）用绷带包扎 5. risk （n/v）危险；风险；冒险
6. cntrl （v/n）限制；约束；管理
（二）词汇变形小结：
ft脚(n.) → feet (复数）
stmach 胃(n.) → stmachache (n.)胃疼
tth牙(n.) → teeth (复数）→ tthache （n.）牙疼
lie 躺，躺着(v.)→ lay (过去式）→ lying （现在分词）
break 打破(n.)→ brke (过去式）→ brken (adj.)破损的
hurt 受伤(v.)→ hurt (过去式）
hit 击打(v.)→ hit (过去式）
sick 生病的(adj.)→ sickness (n.)疾病
she 她→ her （宾格）→ her （形容词性物主代词）→ herself （反身代词）
we 我们→ us （宾格）→ ur （形容词性物主代词）→ urselves （反身代词）
climb 爬(v.)→ climber (n.)登山者
kil 千克(n.)→ kils (复数）
knife 刀(n.)→ knives (复数）
mean 意思是；打算(v.)→ meaning (n.)意义→meaningful(adj.)有意义的→meaningless(adj.)毫无意义的
imprtant重要的（adj.)→ imprtance (n.）重要性
decide 决定（v.）→ decisin (n.)决定
die 死(v.)→ death (n.)死亡→ dead (adj.)死了的→ dying (adj.)濒临灭绝的
【练一练】用所给词的适当形式填空
Mre and mre peple begin t realize the __imprtance___ (imprtant) f the fd safety.
We haven’t made the __decisin_____ (decide) abut where t g n vacatin.
The ___death____ (dead) f the little girl made her mther very sad.
Take these new ___knives____ (knife) t yur brther, Lisa.
Bb and Dale bth want t be great muntain ___climbers___ (climb).
The little girl usually finishes her hmewrk by __herself_____ (her) and desn’t need thers’ help.
Her ___feet_____ (ft) are s big that it isn’t easy fr her t buy shes.
—He has a __stmachache___ (stmach) after eating smething bad.
—That’s t bad. He shuld g t the hspital.
Hw many ___kils_____ (kil) f salt d yu need?
He can stay there fr ten hurs withut __mving_____ (mve).
（三）短语攻关：
have a cld 感冒 have a stmachache 胃痛
have a sre back 背疼 lie dwn 躺下
see a dentist 看牙医 take ne’s temperature 量体温
have a fever 发烧 take breaks(take a break) 休息
get ff 下车 t ne’s surprise 使……惊讶的是
right away 立即；马上 get int 陷入；参与
agree t d sth. 同意做某事 in the same way 用同样的方式
be used t 习惯于…… take risks(take a risk) 冒险
run ut(f) 用尽；耗尽 cut ff 切除
get ut f 离开；从……出来 be in cntrl f 掌管；管理
give up 放弃 make a decisin 做决定
make a decisin t d sth. 下决心做某事 keep n ding sth. 继续做某事
知识点梳理
1.What’s the matter? 怎么了？
【用法详解】“What’s the matter?”表示“怎么了？/出什么事了？”，常用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题，其后跟询问对象时，与介词 with 连用。
【拓展延伸】
知识点1：重点：“What’ s the matter with sb? ”的同义句型：
►What’s the truble with sb?
►What’ s wrng with sb?
►What’s up?
►What happens t sb.?
【注意】matter 和truble 为名词， 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrng 是形容词，不能加the。
知识点2： matter还可作动词，意为“要紧；关系重大”。常用句型：It desn’t matter. “没关系”，用来回答对方的道歉。
Eg.—Srry, I’m late. I gt stuck in a traffic jam. 抱歉，我来晚了。路上堵车。
—It desn’t matter. 没关系。
【即学即用】
1.—____D____?
—Nthing serius , but a bit tired.
A. Is that all B. Is there anything else
C. What’s this D. What’s the matter with yu
2.—____C____?
—I have a headache and I dn’t feel like eating anything.
A. Hw are yu B. What can I d fr yu
C. What’s the matter with yu D. Hw d yu like it
2. I have a cld. 我感冒了。
I have a sre back. 我背痛。
have a/an +疾病名称
have a cld 感冒 have a fever 发烧
have a cugh 咳嗽
have a/an +身体部位-ache
have a headache 头痛 have a stmachache胃痛
have a tthache 牙痛
have a sre +身体部位
have a sre back 背疼 have a sre thrat 喉咙疼
主语+hurt (s) / cut (s) + 身体部位 / 反身代词
He hurts himself.
患病的表达方式
【用法详解】
【注意】have the flu 患流感
3. She talked t much yesterday and didn’t drink enugh water. 她昨天讲话太多而且没有喝足够的水。
【用法详解】t much表示“……得太多”，在此处做状语，修饰动词talk，表示程度。
Eg.It’s bad fr yur eyes t watch TV t much. 看太多的电视对你的眼睛有害。
【易混辨析】重点：t much, t many与much t
Eg.There is t much nise in the market. 市场里有太多噪音。
T many peple came t visit him every day. 每天都有太多人来拜访他。
The cat is much t dear. I can’t affrd it. 这件外套太贵了，我买不起。
名前形副后
enugh+名词
形容词/副词+enugh
足够的钱 enugh mney
足够漂亮 beautiful enugh
【拓展延伸】enugh意为“足够的；足够地”，既可作形容词也可作副词。作形容词修饰名词时，放在名词的前面，作副词修饰形容词或副词时，放在所修饰词的后面。（名前形副后）
Eg.Dn’t wrry! Yu have enugh time t finish it. 别担心！你有充足的时间来完成它。
Yu shuld be careful enugh when yu crss the rad. 过马路时你应该足够小心。
The player runs quickly enugh. 这个运动员跑得足够快。
【即学即用】
1.—Why are yu s tired these days?
—Well, I have ___A____ hmewrk t d.
A.t much B. t many C. much t D. many t
2.— The meat is ___B____ delicius.
— Yes, but dn’t eat ________.
A. t much; t much B. much t; t much C. t much; much t D. much t; much t
3.Cathy checked her paper ____D____ s that she culd get gd grades this time.
A.careful enugh B.enugh careful C.enugh carefully D.carefully enugh
4.It was ____C____ fr us t slve the math prblem. Few f us culd even understand it.
A.easy enugh B.enugh easy C.difficult enugh D.enugh difficult
4. Yeah, I think I sat in the same way fr t lng withut mving. 是的，我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐太久了。
【用法详解】withut介词，意为“无；没有；不”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。withut本身表示否定意义，其反义词为 with 。
Eg.Yu can’t buy things withut mney! 没钱你就买不了东西！
【即学即用】
1.Althugh my sister wuld like t drink cffee____B____ white sugar, I dn’t like sugar.
A. withut B. with C. has D. in
2.The “teacher-free exam” means that students take their exams A teachers. Students must be mre hnest.
A. withut B.against C. thrugh D. with
3.My father has been away frm Shang Hai withut___saying____(say) any wrds.
5. the driver saw an ld man lying n the side f the rad.……这时，司机看到一位老人躺在路边。
【易混辨析】重点：see sb. ding sth.与see sb. d sth.
Eg.I saw him wrking in the garden at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我看见他正在花园里干活。
I saw him wrk in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
【即学即用】
1.Seeing their teacher D int the classrm, they stpped at nce.
A. walk; telling B. entering; t speak C. enter; t tell D. walking; talking
2.—I tired t make Alice D her mind but I fund it difficult.
—Well, I saw yu that when I went past.
changed ; d B. changes ; ding C. change ; t d D. change ; ding
3.When I walked past the park, I saw sme ld peple C Chinese t’ai chi.
A.d B. did C. ding D. are ding
6. He gt ff and asked the wman what happened. 他下车并询问那位女士发生了什么事。
【易混辨析】get ff, get n, get int与get ut f
Eg.Jim is getting n the bus, while Tm is getting ff. 吉姆正要上公交车，而汤姆正下车。
I saw Mary get ut f a taxi, and then a man gt int it. 我看见玛丽从一辆出租车上下来，然后一个男人上了车。
【即学即用】
1.Dn’t frget t take yur bag when yu A the bus.
A. get ff B. take ff C. turn ff D. put ff
7. But t his surprise, they all agreed t g with him. 但是令他惊讶的是，他们都同意跟他一起去。
【用法详解】
知识点1： 重点： t ne’s surprise 表示“使……惊讶的是；出乎……的意料”，通常放在句首。
e.g. T their surprise, all the students pass the exam.令他们惊讶的是，所有学生都通过了考试。
知识点2： agree作动词，意为“同意”，常用搭配如下：
agree
agree t s sth. 同意做某事
agree with sb. 同意某人（的观点）
agree n sth.就某事取得一致意见
Eg.My mther agreed t buy me a new pen. 我妈妈答应给我买一支新钢笔。
I entirely agree with yu. 我完全同意你的看法。
We agree n the questin. 我们在这个问题是意见一致。
【即学即用】
1.They agreed ___B____ a huse in the city after discussing the price with each ther.
A.buy B.t buy C.buying D.bught
2.T ____ur_____ (we) surprise, Tm didn’t give up climbing muntains after the accident.
8. Thanks t Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the dctrs in time. 多亏了王先生和乘客们，医生及时挽救了老人的生命。
【用法详解】thanks t表示“由于；多亏”，在句中作状语，常位于句首。可与because f或with the help f进行转换。
Eg.Thanks t yu help, we finished the task n time. 多亏了你的帮助，我们才按时完成了任务。
【易混辨析】thanks t 与 thanks fr
Eg. Thanks t yu, I am nt lst. 幸亏你我才没迷路。
Eg. Thanks fr sending me such a nice present. 谢谢你寄给我这么好的一个礼物。
【即学即用】
1.___B____ her husband, she has nw becme a famus film star.
A. Because B. Thanks t C. Thanks fr D. With the help
9.have prblems breathing 呼吸困难
【用法详解】have prblems (in) ding sth. 表示“做某事有困难或麻烦”，相当于have truble/difficulty (in) ding sth.
Eg.I have prblems/truble/difficulty (in) learning English. 我学习英语有困难。
10. As a muntain climber, Arn is used t taking risks. 作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。
【易混辨析】重点：be used t ding, be used t d与used t d
Eg.I am used t getting up early. 我习惯早起。
A pen is used t write. 钢笔是用来写字的。
He used t read bks fr an hur every day. 他过去常常每天读一个小时的书。
【即学即用】
1.–Hw des Jack usually g t wrk?
—He ___D___ drive a car, but nw he _______ there t lse weight.
A. used t; is used t walk B. was used t; is used t walking
C. was used t; is used t walk D. used t; is used t walking
2.She ___C___ live alne. But she _______ living alne because she feels lnely.
A. used t; desn’t used t B. is used t; was used t
C. used t; is nt used t D. was used t; desn’t used t
3.Mary used t ___B____ in the cuntryside, but nw she is used t _______ in the city.
A.live ; live B.live ; living C.living ; live D.living ; living
4.My grandfather is used t ___D___ a newspaper at the table befre breakfast.
A.buying B.buy C.read D.reading
11. There were many times when Arn almst lst his life because f accidents. 有好多次，阿伦差点因为意外丢掉生命。
【易混辨析】because f与because“因为；由于”
Eg.My sister didn’t g t schl tday because f her illness. 今天我妹妹因为生病没有去上学。
= My sister didn’t g t schl tday because she was ill .
【即学即用】
1.I didn’t g t the muntains ___B____ the bad weather.
A.s B.because f C.because D.but
2.The traffic was very bad ___B____ the snwstrm.
A.because B.because f C.fr D.as
12. But when his water ran ut, he knew that he wuld have t d smething t save his wn life.但是当他的水喝完的时候，他知道他将不得不做点事情来挽救自己的生命。
【用法详解】run ut表示“用尽；耗尽”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语，不用于被动语态，以主动形式表示被动意义。
Eg.My mney has run ut. 我的钱已经花光了。
run ut 后面 不能 （能/不能）接宾语，主语通常为 物 （人/物），构成 sth. run ut .
run ut f 后面 能 （能/不能）接宾语，主语通常为 人 （人/物），构成sb. run ut f sth.，相当于use up
【易混辨析】重点：run ut与run ut f
Eg.He has run ut f mney and his patience is als running ut. 他的钱已经花完了，他的耐心也要耗尽了。
【即学即用】
1.When Tm’s experience____B____, he knew he had t d smething effective t save his life.
A. ran ut f B. ran ut C. used up D. used as
2.Dn’t waste water again, r we’ll ____C____ it ne day.
A.take ut B.run ut C.run ut f D.wrk ut
13. S he used his knife t cut ff half his right arm. 于是他用刀子切断了自己的半条右臂。
【用法详解】知识点1： knife意为“刀”，其复数形式为 knives 。
Eg.It is dangerus fr children t use knives. 儿童用刀很危险。
【拓展延伸】以-f或-fe结尾的名词变复数时，要变 f 或 fe 为 v ，再加 es 。
wife（妻子）——__wives__ self（自己）——__selves__ knife（刀）——__knives__
life（生命）——__lives___ half（一半）——__halves__ leaf（叶子）——__leaves__
知识点2： cut ff表示“切除；剪掉”，是由“动词+副词”构成的短语，名词作宾语时，可放在动词与副词之间或副词的后面；而代词作宾语时，只能放在动词与副词之间。
Eg.Mary cut ff sme flwers frm the bush. 玛丽从灌木丛中剪下一些花。
They had t cut it ff. 他们不得不把它切下来。
【拓展延伸】与cut 相关的短语：
cut up 切碎 cut dwn 砍倒；削减 cut in 插嘴 cut ut 删除；删掉
【即学即用】
1.The dctrs and nurses are trying their best t save peple’s ___lives___(life)as many as pssible during Nvel Crnavirus Pneumnia(NCP) in 2020.
2.There are tw __knives___(knife) and a frk n the table.
14. ... he bandaged himself s that he wuld nt lse t much bld. 用绷带为自己包扎了伤口，免得失血过多。
【用法详解】重点：s that意为“ 以便；为了 ”，引导目的状语从句，相当于in rder that。s that引导目的状语从句时，从句常出现情态动词may/ might/can/ culd等。
【拓展延伸】重点：与的用法
s+ adj / adv + that
such + a/an + adj + n单 + that
such + adj + n复 / n不 + that
如此……
以至于……
【即学即用】
1.The teacher speaks very ludly ____A____ all the students can hear her.
A. s that B. because C. since D. when
2.They spke ____B____ quietly _________ I culd hardly hear them.
A.such ; that B.s ; that C.neither ; nr D.bth ; and
3.—Did yu watch the sccer game last night? Our schl team wn the game in the last minute!
—Yes. I was ____D____ excited _________ I culd nt fall asleep.
A.as ; as B.s ; as C.t ; t D.s ; that
4.Sme wrd puzzles in this bk are ____C____ difficult that _________ students can slve them.
A. such; few B. such; little C. s; few D. s; little
5.Stry Sign is ____B____ a useful app _________it can make it easier fr deaf children and their parents t read bedtime stries.
A. s; that B. such ; that C. t ;t d D. as; as
6.---Mm, I tk my partner’s math bk hme by mistake. What shuld I d?
---Well, yu shuld call her___B___ yu can say srry t her .
A.as if B.s that C. even thugh D. ever since
15. This means being in a difficult situatin that yu cannt seem t get ut f. 书名的意思是“处于一个你似乎无法摆脱的困倦之中”。
【用法详解】mean作动词，意为“意思是；意味着；打算；意欲”，其过去式为 meant 。
常用搭配： mean ding sth. “意味着做某事” mean t d sth. “打算做某事”
Eg. A red traffic light means stp. 红色交通信号灯表示停下。
It means wasting mre time. 那意味着浪费更多的时间。
I meant t g t the exhibitin but I frgt. 我本打算去参观展览，但忘了。
16. Arn did nt give up after the accident and keeps n climbing muntains tday. 阿伦在这起事故之后没有放弃，现在仍坚持登山。
【用法详解】give up表示“放弃”，后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。代词作宾语时，要把代词放在give与up之间。 give up ding sth. “放弃做某事”
Eg.I have t give up the plan. 我不得不放弃那个计划。
It is gd fr yu t give up smking. 戒烟对你有好处。
That’s bad fr yur health; please give it up. 那对你的健康不利，请戒掉它。
【拓展延伸】“动词+up”结构的短语：
cheer up 使……振作 pick up 捡起；开车接；接电话
put up 举起；张贴；搭建 take up 占用；开始从事
stay up 熬夜 use up 用完；耗尽
【即学即用】
1.As we knw，many successful peple never____D____n matter what difficulties they’ve had.
A.stay up B.cheer up C.take up D.give up
2.—Dn’t smke any mre. It’s bad fr yur health.
—I’m trying t____B____. But yu knw it’s really hard.
A.give up it B.give it up C.give up them D.give them up
3.The dctrs advised my grandfather t give up__smking__(smke).
课堂小测
一、单项选择
1.—What’s ___C_____ matter with yu?
—I have _________ tthache.
A. /; the B. the; / C. the; a D. /; /
2.—I find it difficult t learn English well. I want t drp it.
—English is very imprtant in ur daily life. Never ___B_____.
A. give up it B. give it up C. give away it D. give it away
3.We’re talking abut “China Dream”these days. It’s ___B_____ exciting _________ all f the Chinese peple are interested in it.
A. such; that B. s; that C. t; t D. t; s
4.—Did yur teacher tell yu anything ___D____?
—Yes, he tld us the ________ f learning English well.
imprtant; imprtant B. imprtance; imprtant
C. imprtance; imprtance D. imprtant; imprtance
5.—What did yu see?
—I saw many bys____B___ games near the river.
A. played B. playing C. plays D. t play
6.There’s ___A____ rain n the rad, s she shuld drive carefully.
A.t much B.t many C.much t D.many t
7.—What’s yur brther?
—He ___A____ a teacher, but nw he is a dctr and he ________ his wrk.
A.used t be; is used t B.was used t; is used C.was used t be; used t D.is used t be; used t
8. Helen tk her temperature and fund she had a ___D____.
A. cugh B. tthache C. cld D. fever
9.—What’s the matter with yu?
—___B___.
Sunds gd B. I have a cld
C. I have smething t d D. Srry, I dn’t knw
10. I finished my wrk ___B___ because I had _______.
A. gd enugh ; enugh time B. well enugh ; enugh time
C.gd enugh ; time enugh D. enugh gd ;enugh time
11.—Dn't ___B___ hpe.Everything will be ver sn.
—Yes.We shuld learn t be brave when we are in truble.
A.turn up B.give up C.clean up D.take up
12.Tm has ____C____ in learning Maths well, s he’s ften wrried abut it.
A.fun B.interest C.truble D.questin
13.Nbdy culd slve this difficult prblem alne ___C____ thers' help.
A.with B.fr C.withut D.frm
14. ---What a mess! The bks are everywhere in the reading rm.
--- Let’s put them in the bkcase ___B____ thers can find them easily.
A.as lng as B.s that C.in rder t D.althugh
15.I think I shuld keep n ___D____ the guitar at hme.
A.play B.t play C.played D.playing
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. When I came int the rm, I saw a cat ___lying____ (lie)under the chair.
2. Hw excited the ___climbers___ (climb)were when they gt t the tp f the muntain!
3. He has prblems __breathing____ (breathe) when he is swimming.
4. Our teacher tld us abut the _imprtance__ (imprtant) f studying English.
5. After that experience, he kept n _climbing_____ (climb) muntains.
6. The little girl is very sad because f her dg’s ___death____ (die).
7. They are used t __taking_____ (take) a walk after dinner.
8. They dn’t mind __climbing____ (climb) the muntain.
9. Did yu make a __decisin____ (decide) t study medicine?
10. Jane had a __headache_____ (head) and she culdn’t mve her neck this mrning.
完形填空
All ver the wrld peple enjy sprts. Sprts help peple t keep __1__, happy and t live __2__. Peple play different games in winter and summer.__3__ is gd fr swimming. And in winter peple ften g skating. Sme sprts are very __4__ and peple everywhere like them. Fr example, ftball is very ppular. In China, mst peple, men, __5__ bys and girls, like t watch ftball games. They ften talk abut them.__6__ and jumping began lng, lng ag. But basketball and vlleyball are rather __7__. Peple began t play them nt lng ag. And peple are__8__ new sprts. Water skiing(滑水) is ne f __9__. Peple __10__ different cuntries may nt be able t understand each ther, but after a game they ften becme friends.
( C )1.A. health B. busy C. healthy D. lazy
( B )2.A. lng B. lnger C. happy D. shrt
( B )3.A. Winter B. Summer C. Autumn D. Spring
( D )4.A. bring B. difficult C. expensive D. interesting
( B )5.A. wman B. wmen C. ld D. peple
( C )6.A. Run B. Runs C. Running D. T run
( A )7.A. new B. interesting C. ppular D. ld
( C )8.A. start B. play C. playing D. starting
( D )9.A. ldest B. newest C. the ldest D. the newest
( C )10.A. in B. f C. frm D. at
语法精讲
一、情态动词shuld的用法
情态动词shuld意为“应当；应该”，后接动词 原形 ，没有人称和数的变化。
一、shuld的句式结构
二、shuld的基本用法及示例
【即学即用】
1.Dgs ___B____ run thrugh sccer games at the park. It's dangerus!
A. shuld B. shuldn't C.need D. needn't
2.T keep children safe, we ___B____ put the things like knives and medicine away in ur huse.
A. may B.shuld C. can D. might
3.Yu shuld ___B____ mre fruit.
A.eats B.eat C.eating D.t eat
4.If yu have a headache, I think yu ___C____ see a dctr.
A.will B.shall C.shuld D.can
二、反身代词
一、语法概述
反身代词常表示“某人自己”，在人称代词宾格或形容词性物主代词后加-self（单数）/ -selves（复数）构成反身代词。
反身代词的分类
三、反身代词的用法
1.反身代词多用于动词或介词后作宾语，表示“某人自己”
Eg. He learned t ride a bicycle by himself.他自己学会了骑自行车。
2.反身代词应与它所指代的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
Eg. In 1955, Walt Disney himself pened the first Disney Park.在1955年，沃尔特·迪士尼自己开了第一个迪士尼公园。
3.反身代词常考短语：
t much
副词词组，表示“……得太多”，修饰动词
形容词词组，表示“太多”，修饰 不可数 （可数/不可数）名词
t many
形容词词组，表示“太多”，修饰 可数 （可数/不可数）名词
much t
副词词组，表示“太……”，修饰形容词或副词
see sb. ding sth.
“看见某人正在做某事”，表示看到动作正在进行，强调此动作的进行性、连续性
see sb. d sth.
“看见某人做过某事”，表示看到动作进行的整个过程，强调此动作已完成或经常做
get ff
表示“下（公共汽车、火车、飞机、马等）”
后面常跟较大的交通工具
get n
表示“上（公共汽车、火车），骑上（马等）”
get int
表示“上（小汽车、出租车）；进入（电梯等）”
后面常跟较小的交通工具
get ut f
表示“从（小汽车、出租车、电梯等）下来”
thanks t
多亏；由于
介词t后跟表示感谢的对象，可以是名词、代词或动词-ing形式
thanks fr
因……而感谢
介词fr后跟感谢的原因，可以是名词、代词或动词-ing形式
be used t ding sth.
意为“ 习惯于做某事 ”，其中t是介词，后跟动词 ing 形式
be used t d sth.
意为“ 被用来做某事 ”，其中t为不定式符号，后跟动词__原形___
used t d sth.
意为“ 过去常常做某事 ”，只用于过去时态，其中t是不定式符号，后跟动词_原形
because f
短语介词，后接表示原因的名词、代词或动词-ing形式，但不能引导从句
because
连词，引导原因状语从句
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
主语+ shuld +动词原形+其他
We shuld help the peple in truble.
否定句
主语+ shuldn’t +动词原形+其他
They shuldn’t eat t much.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+ shuld +主语+动词原形+其他？
Where shuld we meet?
一般疑问句
Shuld +主语+动词原形+其他？
—It’s t cld. Shuld I clse the windw?
肯定回答
Yes, 主语+ shuld.
—Yes, yu shuld.
否定回答
N, 主语+shuldn’t.
—N, yu shuldn’t.
用法
示例
表示劝告、建议
Yu shuld answer the questin in English.你应该用英语回答这个问题。
表示义务、责任
Children shuld d their hmewrk by themselves.孩子们应该独自做作业。
表示推断、判断
They shuld be at hme nw, I think.我认为，他们现在应该在家。
表示惊讶、赞叹、不满等
Hw shuld I knw?我怎么会知道？
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
我自己
yurself
你自己
himself herself itself
他自己 她自己 它自己
复数
urselves
我们自己
yurselves
你们自己
themselves
他们自己
►by neself 独自
►enjy neself玩得开心
►lk after neself 照顾自己
►help neself t随便吃,随便用
►teach neself 自学
►hurt neself 伤到自己
►cut neself 切到自己
►dress neself 自己穿衣服
【即学即用】
Culd yu help me clean the flr? I can't d it ___myself____ (I).
Yu must lk after ___yurself___(yu) well while I'm away, Tm.
Yur sister is t yung, s she can’t g t schl by herself (she).
Dn’t wrry. We can slve ur prblems by urselves (we).
5.---Dad, culd yu please teach___D____ English?
---Sure！ But it's mre imprtant t learn it by ________.
A. my ; English B. my; yu C. me; yu D. me; yurself
语法小测
一、单项选择
1. Yu are the future f this cuntry. Dn't keep asking what this cuntry can d fr yu. Ask ___D____what yu can d fr this cuntry.
A.us B. urselves C.yu D. yurselves
2.—D yu knw wh taught ___C____ French?
—Nbdy. He learned it by ________.
A. his; himself B. him; him C. him; himself D. his; him
3.－Yur uncle is very gd at cking! Hw did he learn it?
－He learned it by ___B____.
A.him B.himself C.her D.herself
4. Yu ___B____ drive yur car s fast. It's very dangerus.
A.wuldn't B.shuldn't C.culdn't D.mightn't
5. Bys, dn’t lse ___D__ in playing Angry Birds. It is bad fr yur eyes t play cmputer games fr a lng time.
A. himself B. yurself C. themselves D. yurselves
6. —I’ll have a tennis game tmrrw. I’m a little bit nervus.
—Believe in ___C___. Yu’re the best in ur club.
A. herself B. myself C. yurself D. himself
7. Be careful with the knife. Yu may hurt ___D___.
A.himself B.urselves C.myself D.yurself
8.—Will my car be ready by the end f the day?
—It ___D____ be, sir. I’ll call if there’s any prblem.
A.must B.culd C.shall D.shuld
9. We ___A____ eat r drink in the museum. It is against the rule.
A.shuldn’t B.needn’t C.wuld D.culd
10. My sn is lder than ___D____, and he can lk after ________ nw.
A.yur; himself B.yurs; him C.yurself; him D.yurs; himself
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. As a student, I shuld try t finish my hmewrk by __myself____ (I).
2. Withut my parents' help, yu shuld lk after __yurself___. (yu)
3. Yu shuldn’t always think abut __yurself___(yu).
4. The little girl usually finishes her hmewrk by __herself____ (her) and desn’t need thers’ help.
5. We are ld enugh t cntrl _urselves__(we) well.
三、书面表达
根据图示，请你写一篇短文，谈谈如何才能保持健康。

要求：词数80词左右。
Hw t keep healthy
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Hw t keep healthy
It’s imprtant fr us t keep healthy. As a middle schl student, we shuld have a healthy lifestyle. Here is sme advice.
First, we shuld d exercise at least ne hur a day, such as running and walking. Secnd, have a healthy diet. Eat mre fruit and vegetables. Try nt t eat junk fd. Third, we shuldn’t spend t much time ging nline. It is bad fr/It is harmful t ur eyes and study. Furth, g t bed early and dn’t stay up t late, because enugh sleep is gd fr ur health. Finally, be happy as pssible as we can. Learn t smile at urselves at any time.
If we d s, I believe we can keep healthy.