人教版八年级下册英语Unit 3知识点梳理及语法讲义（教师版）

这是一份人教版八年级下册英语Unit 3知识点梳理及语法讲义（教师版），共18页。学案主要包含了用法详解，即学即用，易混辨析，拓展延伸，做题技巧等内容，欢迎下载使用。

（一）完成单词梳理：
名词：1. rubbish 垃圾；废弃物 2. flr 地板 3. mess 杂乱；不整洁
4. shirt 衬衫 5. finger 手指 6. chre 杂务；乏味无聊的工作
7. snack 点心；小吃；快餐 8. stress 精神压力；心理负担 9. independence 独立
10. fairness 公正性；合理性 11. neighbr 邻居
动词：1. fld 折叠；对折 2. sweep 扫；打扫 3. thrw 扔；掷
4. pass 给；递；走过；通过 5. brrw 借；借用 6. lend 借给；借出
7. hate 厌恶；讨厌 8. prvide 提供；供应 9. depend 依靠；依赖
10. develp 发展；壮大 11. drp 落下；掉下
副词：1. anyway 而且；加之
连词：1. while 与……同时；当……时候；而；然而
形容词：1. ill 有病；不舒服 2. independent 独立的；自主的
3. fair 合理的；公正的 4. unfair 不合理的；不公正的
兼类词：1. neither （adv）也不（prn）两者都不
2. waste （n）浪费；垃圾（v）浪费；滥用
3. since （cnj）因为；既然（prep）从……以后；自……以来
（二）词汇变形小结：
sweep 打扫(v.) → ____swept______ (过去式)
thrw 扔(v.) → ____threw______ (过去式)
lend 借给；借出(v.) → _____lent______ (过去式)
depend 依赖(v.) → ___dependence____ (n.)依赖→ ___dependent___ (adj.)依赖的
independence 独立(n.)→ ___independent____ (adj.)独立的
develp发展；培养(v.) → develpment (n.) 发展→_develping_(adj.)发展中的→_develped_(adj.) 发达的
fair 公平的(adj.) →___fairness___ (n.)公平→___unfair____ (反义词)不公平的→__unfairness_ (n.)不公平
ill 生病的(adj.)→ ___illness_____ (n.)疾病
drp 落下(v.) → ___drpped____ (过去式)→ ___drpping____（现在分词）
【练一练】用所给词的适当形式填空
The by came up with the idea f ___fairness____ (fair).
Amy was unlucky that she ___drpped_____ (drp) her sunglasses int the water.
The furth day f July is the Natinal ___independence___ (independent) Day f the US.
The __develpment__ (develp) f 5G makes peple’s life mre cnvenient.
The by ____threw______ (thrw) a small stne at a dg. And then he ran away.
I think it’s ____unfair______ (fair) fr him t d all the husewrk.
Culd yu please d the ____dishes______ (dish) after yu have dinner?
Last Sunday I ____lent______ (lend) sme bks t my brther.
Please dn't tell him abut his ____illness______ (ill). It's a secret.
The students in ur class are ld enugh t take care f ___themselves___(they).
（三）短语攻关：
take ut the rubbish 倒垃圾 d chres 做家务
d the dishes 洗餐具 fld ne’s clthes 叠衣服
sweep the flr 扫地 make the/ne’s bed 整理床铺
all the time 频繁；反复 as sn as 一……就……
g t the mvies 去看电影 get a ride 搭车
be angry with sb. 生某人的气 thrw dwn 扔下；扔掉
hang ut 闲逛 g ut fr dinner 出去吃（晚饭）
in rder t 目的是；为了 depend n 依靠；依赖
take care f 照顾；处理 prvide sth. fr sb. 为某人提供某物
知识点梳理
1.Peter, culd yu please take ut the rubbish? 彼得，请你把垃圾倒掉好吗？
【用法详解】知识点1： 重点：“Culd yu please ”表示“请你……好吗？”，后接动词 原形 ，否定形式为 Culd yu please nt 。其中culd表示委婉语气，不表示过去时态。
其答语如下：
肯定回答，如Yes, sure./Sure./Certainly./OK./N prblem.等；
否定回答，如Srry, I can’t./Srry, I’m afraid nt. Because ...等。
Eg.—Culd yu please pass me the spn? 请你把勺子递给我好吗？
—Sure. Here yu are. 当然可以，给你。
Culd yu please nt play cmputer games? 请你不要玩电脑游戏了好吗？
知识点2： take ut表示“取出；拿出”，是“动词+副词”构成的短语。当宾语是名词时，置于ut前后均可；当宾语是代词时，只能放在take和ut之间。
Eg.Please take a pen and paper ut. = Please take ut a pen and paper. 请把钢笔和纸拿出来。
The new bk is in the bx. Please take it ut. 那本新书在箱子里，请把它拿出来。
【即学即用】
1.—Culd I brrw yur camera?
—____B____, but please give it back by Saturday.
A. I am srry B. Of curse C. Certainly nt D. N, thanks
2.—Sir, culd yu please put ut yur cigarette（香烟）? This is a smke-free（无烟的）schl.
—____A____
A. I'm srry abut this. B. N prblem.
C. Sure, I'd lve t D. Never mind.
3.Here’s s much rubbish. Culd yu please ____D____?
A. give ut it B. give it ut C. take ut it D. take it ut
4.Culd yu please ____C____ yur bike here?
A. dn’t stp B. nt t stp C. nt stp D. nt stpping
5.Culd yu please ___lend____ (lend) me yur bike?
2. I think tw hurs f TV is enugh fr yu! 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。
【用法详解】（1）这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。主句是I think，其后为宾语从句，省略了引导词that。
Eg.I think (that) it will rain tmrrw. 我认为明天会下雨。
tw hurs f TV在从句中作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。在英语中，表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Eg.Thirty miles is a lng way t walk. 三十英里路是要步行很远的一段路。
—Hw much are the shes? 这双鞋多少钱？
—Fifteen dllars is enugh. 十五美元足够了。
【即学即用】
1.Fr kids f this age, tw hurs f sitting in a classrm A t lng.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
2.Hw time flies! Three years is (be) really a shrt time.
3.Emma thinks tw kilmeters f running every day makes ( make) her healthier.
3. The minute I sat dwn in frnt f the TV, my mm came ver. 我刚坐在电视机前，妈妈就走了过来。
【用法详解】the minute...表示“一……就……”，常用于引导时间状语从句，相当于as sn as。
Eg.The minute I gt t schl, I realized I had left my pen at hme. 我刚到学校就意识到我把钢笔落在家里了。
【易混辨析】in frnt f与in the frnt f
【即学即用】
1.At last the taxi stpped C a tall building, and we all gt ff.
A. in frnt B. in the frnt C. in frnt f D. in the frnt f
4. I’m just as tired as yu are! 我和你一样累。
【用法详解】重点：as ... as ...表示“和……一样……”，两个as之间用形容词或副词的 原 级，表示同级比较。
Eg.The tree is as tall as the building. 这棵树和那栋楼一样高。
He runs as quickly as his father. 他跑得和他父亲一样快。
【拓展延伸】as ... as ...的否定形式nt s/as ... as ...表示“……不如……”。
Eg.She desn’t study s/as hard as her brther. 她不如她的哥哥学习努力。
【即学即用】
1.Yu speak English as ___D___ as Tm. Yur English is as _______ as his.
A gd; gd B gd; well C gd; well D. well; gd
2.Please stp t have a rest. I think, t teenagers, health is as ___D___ as their study.
A.mre imprtant B.less imprtant C.the mst imprtant D.imprtant
3.I think Sally did as ___well_____(better) as Lucy in the math cmpetitin.
5. Fr ne week , she did nt d any husewrk and neither did I. 一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。
【用法详解】neither此处用作副词，意为“也不”。neither did I 是倒装结构，相当于me neither。
【易混辨析】重点：neither与s引导的倒装结构
Eg.She can’t swim and neither can her sister. 她不会游泳，她的妹妹也不会。
They went t the museum yesterday. S did we. 他们昨天去了博物馆。我们也去了。
—It was very cld yesterday. 昨天很冷。
【做题技巧】①“s/neither后不是人/物”→倒装语序，指的不是同一人/物，“……也一样”；
“s/neither后是人/物”→正常语序，指的是同一人/物，“确实如此”。
②前句是肯定，谁谁谁也一样用s；前句是否定，谁谁谁也一样用neither。
③谓语动词由主语决定，时态与前句保持一致。
—S it was. 确实如此。（昨天确实很冷。）
【即学即用】
1.—I dn’t understand the stry in the new unit. What abut yu, Bb?
—___B___.
A.Neither I d B.Neither d I C.S d I D.S I d
2.—I'm ging swimming tmrrw afternn.
—___A___. I like swimming in summer.
A. S am I B. Neither am I C. Neither I am D. S I am
3.我不想做家务，他也不想做。
I dn’t want t d chres, ___neither____ ____des____he.
【拓展延伸】neither的其他常见用法：
（1）neither作副词时，常与nr搭配构成neither ... nr ...结构，表示“既不……也不……”。连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的形式遵循“ 就近 原则”，即与离其最近的主语形式保持一致。
Eg.Neither she nr I am a dctr. 她和我都不是医生。
（2）neither作代词，表示“两者都不；双方均不”。
【易混辨析】重点：不定代词bth,neither,all,nne与either的用法
【即学即用】
1.Helen has gt tw brthers. ___A___ f them likes chclate, but she lves it.
A.Neither B.Nne C.All D.Bth
2.—Wh will send yu t the schl, yur mm r yur dad?
—___C___. I’ll g there alne.
Bth B. Either C. Neither D. Nne
3.____D___my father ________ my mther lk after me. I lve them s much.
A.Either;r B.Bth;with C.Nt nly;but als D.Bth;and
4.―Which wuld yu like, a hamburger r a sandwich?
―___D____ f them is OK. I think ________ f them are delicius.
A. Either; All B. Neither; bth C. All; either D. Either; Bth
5.Neither Tm nr Jhn ___cmes_____ (cme) frm America.
6. My mther came ver as sn as I sat dwn in frnt f the TV. 我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。
【用法详解】重点：as sn as表示“ 一……就…… ”，引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作在时间上是接连发生的。时态规律是：主句用 一般将来 时（或主句含有情态动词，或者主句为祈使句），从句用 一般现在 时态，即遵循“ 主将从现 ”原则。
Eg.I will tell him the news as sn as he cmes back. 他一回来我就把这个消息告诉他。
【即学即用】
1.Next mnth we’re ging smewhere interesting as sn as the hliday___C____.
A.will begin B.has begun C.begins D.is beginning
2.—I want t knw if he ___B____ back tmrrw.
—I’ll call yu as sn as he ________.
A.will cme; will return B.will cme; returns C. cmes; will return D.cmes; returns
3. As sn as yu ___A____ hme, give a call t let me knw yu ________ safely.
A.get; have arrived B.will get; have arrived C.get; will arrive D.will get; are arriving
4.I’ll give it t Jim as sn as I ___see___(see) him tmrrw.
7. Culd yu please pass me the salt? 请你把盐递给我好吗？
直接宾语（物）
间接宾语（人）
【用法详解】pass及物动词，意为“给；递”，后常接双宾语，即pass sb. sth.“把某物递给某人”，相当于 pass sth. t sb. 。
Eg.Please pass me the bk. = Please pass the bk t me . 请把书递给我。
【注意】当pass的直接宾语为代词时，只能用pass sth. t sb.结构。
Eg.Please pass it t me. 请把它递给我。
8. Culd I brrw that bk? 我能借那本书吗？
Culd yu lend me sme mney? 你能借我一些钱吗？
【易混辨析】重点：brrw, lend与keep
Eg.He brrwed a lt f mney frm me. 他从我这儿借了很多钱。
Culd yu lend me yur bike? = Culd yu lend yur bike t me? 你可以借给我你的自行车吗？
I wanted t brrw a bike frm my friend but he didn’t lend it t me, because Jane kept it fr tw days. 我想借用朋友的自行车，但他没借给我，因为简已经借走它两天了。
【即学即用】
1.Mike went t the library ___C____ sme bks the day befre yesterday.
A.brrw B.brrws C.t brrw D.brrwed
2.—Culd yu ___A____ me yur bike,Tm?
—OK.And yu can ________ it fr a week.
A. lend ; keep B. brrw ; lend C. lend ; brrw D. brrw ; keep
3.—Can I ___A____ a dictinary frm yu, Lucy?
—Srry, I dn’t have ne.
A. brrw B. lend C. lent D.keep
4.He ften brrws mney ___C____ thers but he desn’t lend anything ________ anybdy.
A. frm; frm B. t; frm C. frm; t D. t; t
5.Althugh yu like the bk, yu may nly __B___ it fr tw weeks.
A. brrw B. keep C. lend D. stay
6.我可以借用下你的词典吗？我的丢在家里了。 __May _ ___I___ _brrw_yur dictinary? Mine is at hme.
9. I hate t d chres. 我讨厌做家务。
【用法详解】hate及物动词，意为“厌恶；讨厌”，其后可接名词、代词、不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语。hate表示一种感情或心理状态，不能用于进行时。
Eg. I hate rainy days. 我讨厌下雨天。
【易混辨析】hate t d sth.与hate ding sth.
Eg.I hate t truble yu. 我真不想麻烦你。
I hate watching televisin; I prefer t read. 我讨厌看电视，我更喜欢读书。
【即学即用】
1.我讨厌叠衣服, 因为它无聊。
I ____hate_____ ____t______ _____fld____ the clthes because it’s ___bring_____.
hates ___travelling___ (travel) by air. He always falls asleep during the flight.
10. It is still a gd idea t read the first sentence in each paragraph a little mre carefully. 稍加细心地阅读每段的第一个句子也是一个不错的主意。
【用法详解】本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语。当不定式短语较长时，通常用it作形式主语放在句首，将真正的主语放在句子后面，构成句型：It’s + adj + (fr/f) sb. t d sth.“做某事对某人来说……”。
Eg. It’s very imprtant fr us t learn English well. 对我们来说，学好英语很重要。
It’s very kind f yu t help me. 你来帮助我真是太好了。
【拓展延伸】a little mre carefully表示“稍加细心地”。当强调比较的程度时，可在比较级前使用much, even, far, a little, a bit, a lt等，表示程度进一步加深。
Eg.The experiment was much easier than we had expected. 这个实验比我们预想的要容易得多。
【即学即用】
1.___C____ is difficult fr us t draw a beautiful picture as well as yu.
A. That B. This C. It D. We
2.It’s very dangerus fr us ___B____ the mbile phne while crssing the street.
A.answering B.t answer C.answer D.answered
3.It is imprtant fr children __t learn____(learn) hw t d chres at hme.
11. They shuld spend their time n schlwrk in rder t get gd grades and get int a gd university. 为了取得好成绩并考入好大学，他们应该把时间花在学业上。
【用法详解】知识点1： “四个花费”（pay, cst, spend与take）
►I spent 100 yuan n the present. 我花了100元买这件礼物。
►It tk me 20 minutes t get t schl. 我花了20分钟到达学校。
►We paid 150 yuan fr the meal. 这顿饭我们花了150元。
►The schlbag cst me 50 yuan. 这个书包花了我50元。
知识点2： in rder t表示“目的是；为了”，后跟动词 原形 ，表示目的。其否定结构为in rder nt t d。
Eg.Peple must eat in rder t live. 为了生存，人必须吃东西。
In rder nt t wake the children, they spke in a lw vice. 为了不弄醒孩子们，他们小声说话。
【拓展延伸】如果后接目的状语从句，则可用in rder that或s that。
s that +句子 = in rder that +句子 = in rder t + d，三者可互换。
Eg. He wrks hard in rder that he may succeed. 他为求成功而努力工作。
= He wrks hard s that he may succeed . / He wrks hard in rder t succeed .
【即学即用】
1.Ry wrks in Lndn. It ___C____ him abut half an hur t get t wrk by bus every day.
A.csts B.spends C.takes D.pays
2.—D yu ften read bks?
—Yes. I ___B____ mst f my time n it. It’s a gd way t relax myself.
A.cst B.spend C.pay D.take
3.She gt up early this mrning ___B____ she culd catch the first bus.
A. in rder t B. in rder that C. as sn as D. whether
4.The parents have t wrk harder ___in____ ___rder___ ___t____ (为了) have a better life.
12. It is the parents’ jb t prvide a clean and cmfrtable envirnment at hme fr their children. 在家中给他们的孩子提供一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的事情。
【用法详解】prvide及物动词，意为“提供；供应”，其后常接名词或代词作宾语。
常用结构：prvide sb. with (fr/with) sth. / prvide sth. fr (fr/with) sb.“为某人提供某物”
Eg.The parents prvide their children with fd and clthes.
= The parents prvide fd and clthes fr their children. 父母供孩子吃穿。
【即学即用】
1.I can't write a cmplete reprt unless yu prvide me ___B____ enugh infrmatin abut the cmpetitin.
A. fr B. with C. t D. f
2.T prtect the envirnment, supermarkets dn’t prvide free plastic bags ___C____ shppers.
A. with B. t C. fr D. in
3.去年这家工厂为一些残疾人提供了工作。
The factry __prvided___ wrk ____fr_____ sme disabled peple last year.
13. It is the parents’ jb t prvide a clean and cmfrtable envirnment at hme fr their children. 在家中给他们的孩子提供一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的事情。
【用法详解】该句为“the +比较级... , the +比较级...”句式结构，意为“ 越……，就越…… ”，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
Eg.The healthier fd we eat, the strnger we will be. 我们吃的食物越健康，我们就会越强壮。
【即学即用】
1.在考试中，你越细心，出的错误就越少。
In the exam, ___the_____ ___mre____ __careful___ yu are, ___the_____ ___fewer___ mistakes yu’ll make.
2.The earlier yu learn t be independent, the ___better___ (gd) it is fr yur future.
课堂小测
一、单项选择
1.It’s ___C____ unfair rule that my parents dn’t allw me t shp with friends n weekends.
A.a B.the C.an D./
2.Every student can ___C____ tw bks frm the schl library at a time and ________ fr tw weeks.
A.brrw; lend B.lend; brrw C.brrw; keep D.lend; keep
3.Miss Zheng saves all her mney ___A____ buy a gift fr her mther n Mther’s Day.
A.in rder t B.s that C.in rder that D.such as
4.Yu are ld enugh t make a living by yurself. Yu can’t ___B____ yur family any mre .
A. hear frm B. depend n C. take care f D. give up
5.—Which f the tw pairs f shes will yu buy?
—___D____. They’re t small fr me.
A. Bth B. All C. Either D. Neither
6.—Gina , culd yu please play the drums n the art festival?
—___A____. I can nly play the guitar.
A. I’m afraid I can’t B. Yes, I can C. Sure, I’d lve t D. Srry, I culdn’t
7.Yung peple hate ___A____ chres because it’s bring.
A. t d B. t ding C. did D. t be ding
8. It nly___A____ him 20 minutes ________ t his ffice every day.
A. takes; t drive B. tk; drive C. takes; drive D. tk; t drive
9.Paul isn’t as ___D____ as Sandy. He ften makes mistakes in his hmewrk.
A. careless B. mre careless C. mre careful D. careful
10. He is ging t call yu as sn as he ___B____ his wrk.
A. finish B. finishes C. finishing D. will finish
11.Remember t spend sme time ___D____ yur lved nes, because they’re nt ging t be arund frever.
A. frm B. with C. in D. n
12.—Yu shuldn’t eat t much junk fd. It’s bad fr yur health.
—Yu’re right.___A____ junk fd eat, ________ I will be.
A. The less; the healthier B. The less; the healthy
C. The mre; the healthier D. The mre; the healthy
13.—What language is that guy(家伙) speaking? I can hardly catch a single wrd!
—___B____. He’s frm India, s I guess it is Hindi.
A.Neither I can B.Neither can I C.S I can D.S can I
14. I’d invite her ___B____ dinner at my huse tmrrw.
A. have B. t have C. having D. had
15.—Culd yu ___A____ please?
—N prblem. Here yu are.
A. pass it t me B. pass me it C. pass me fr it D. pass it fr me
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Three hurs f exercise ____is_____ (be) t much fr him.
2. I __will write___ (write) t yu as sn as I get there.
3. It's imprtant fr students ___t get____ (get) int a gd cllege.
4. The harder yu wrk, the ___better____ (gd) grades yu will get.
5. They were very tired, but they didn’t stp ___wrking___(wrk).
6. It’s ___unfair____ (fair) that girls aren’t allwed t take part in (允许参加) the sprts meeting.
7. It tk me an hur __t write____ (write) the letter.
8. Linda is a careful girl. She hates ___making___ (make) mistakes.
9. As a student, yu shuld knw hw t develp yur wn _independence_(independent).
10. Let’s wait fr my mther. She will be back frm __shpping___(shp) any minute.
完形填空
When I had smething difficult t d, I liked t ask my mther fr 1 .But she always said,“D it yurself, dear.” I was nt happy abut this at all. I thught she was the 2 mther I had ever seen!
Fr example, ne day, I decided t 3 sme friends t my hme. My bedrm was nt in rder. My bks were 4 , and I didn’t make the bed. I asked my mther t help me clean it, but she 5 said,“ D it yurself.”
Because f my“lazy mther”, I had t 6 my clthes and clean my rm. I had t help my parents d 7 . I even had t g t the dctr by myself. It was really difficult fr me t d a gd jb, but I 8 a lt.
As time ges by, I start t understand my mther. She made 9 clever and hard-wrking. A 10 mther is wrth（值得）100 teachers! D yu think s?
( B )1. A. mney B. help C. time D. sleep
( C )2.A. tallest B. happiest C. laziest D. thinnest
( B )3. A. leave B. invite C. visit D. help
( A )4. A. everywhere B. smewhere C. nwhere D. anywhere
( C )5. A. never B. smetimes C. still D. ever
( A )6. A. wash B. mve C. buy D. sell
( C )7. A. jb B. hmewrk C. husewrk D. wrk
( A )8. A. learned B. tld C. shwed D. saw
( C )9. A. I B. mine C. me D. my
( D )10.A. yung B. ld C. happy D. gd
四、阅读理解
Wang Xinwei lives with his uncle in the village. His parents left him at hme and went t wrk in the city when he was six. S Wang started ding chres at an early age. Every mrning after Wang gets up, he cks breakfast fr his uncle and himself.Then he takes a mantu t schl. It's his lunch. After lunch, Wang usually plays ftball with his classmates. Wang ges hme as sn as the schl is ver. He has t help his uncle feed the chickens and pigs. They usually have dinner at abut eight, and then Wang des his hmewrk. On weekends, Wang washes bth his and his uncle's clthes, cuts grass fr the pigs and helps his uncle wrk n the farm.
Wang's parents cme back t visit him nce a year. Wang wants t visit them during the hlidays, but they are t busy t stay with him. He can nly hear his parents' vices n the phne nce a week. He misses them a lt.
( C )1.Hw ld was Wang Xinwei when his parents left him?
A.Fur. B.Five. C.Six. D.Seven.
( D )2.What des Wang Xinwei d after he gets up?
A.He takes ut the rubbish. B.He takes a shwer.
C.He feeds the chickens. D.He cks breakfast.
( A )3.What des Wang Xinwei usually d at 8:00 p．m.?
A.He usually has dinner. B.He usually des hmewrk.
C.He usually des the dishes. D.He usually des the laundry.
( B )4.Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut Wang Xinwei?
A.He eats ndles fr lunch. B.He helps wrk n the farm n the weekend.
C.He stays with his parents during the hlidays. D.He writes t his parents nce a week.
( B )5.What can we learn abut Wang Xinwei?
A.He hates his parents. B.He is an independent by.
C.He studies very well. D.He wants t be a ftball player.
五、根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词
1.琳达每天早晨起床后整理床铺。Linda ___makes___ ____her____ ___bed_____ after getting up every mrning.
2.现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。The children these days ___depend___ ____n_____ their parents t much.
3.为了取得好的成绩，我在学习上花费了大量的时间。
I spend much time n schlwrk ____in_____ ___rder_____ ____t_____ get gd glades.
语法精讲
情态动词culd的用法
一、情态动词culd作为can的过去式时，表示过去的能力和可能性，其否定形式为culd nt，可缩写为culdn’t。
Eg.He culd write pems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗了。
Judy culdn’t have enugh mney fr a car. 朱迪不可能有足够的钱买汽车。
二、情态动词culd可用于礼貌地提出要求或征询许可，此时并非can的过去式。
【拓展延伸】
1.对提出请求或征询许可的句型做否定回答时，通常以srry或I’m srry开头。
Eg.—Culd yu help me with my English nw? 你现在能帮我学英语吗？
—I’m srry, but I have a ftball match ten minutes later. 抱歉，我十分钟后要参加一场足球赛。
2.如果问句中使用culd，回答时要用can或can’t，不能用culd或culdn’t。
Eg.—Culd I use yur bike? 我能用一下你的自行车吗？
—Sure, yu can. 当然可以。
3.其他常见的表示委婉请求或征询许可的句型：
（1）Will/Wuld yu please d 表示“请你做……好吗？”
（2）Wuld yu mind (nt) ding 表示“你介意（不）做……吗？”
（3）May I 表示“我可以……吗？”
语法小测
一、单项选择
1.—Culd yu ride a bike when yu were 5 years ld?
—___B___. But I culd sing sme sngs.
A.N, I can't. B.N, I culdn't. C.Yes, I can. D.Yes, I culd.
2. At the age f five, Allen ___A___ tell sme famus Chinese stries.
A. culd B. must C. need D. might
3.—Culd yu please wash the fruit?
—___A___. I cut my finger and I'm trying nt t get it wet.
A. N, I can't B. Yes, sure C.N, yu can't D.Yes, yu can
4.—Culd I brrw the bk?
—___D___, that wuld be OK. I finished reading it yesterday.
A. Thank yu B. I'm srry C. Never mind D. Of curse
5.Kim ___B___ play the vilin five years ag,but nw he can play it well.
A. mustn't B. culdn't C. needn't D.shuldn't
6. ---Culd yu please buy ___A___ drinks and snacks?
--- Srry. I dn’t have _______ mney.
A. sme, any B. any, any C. sme, sme D. any, sme
7.---Culd yu help me with the math prblem?
---___D____. I'm t busy nw.
A .Yes, please B. N, sure C. Yes, yu culd D. Srry, I can't
8.—Culd yu finish the task in tw days?
—___D____. I have smething else t d these days.
A. I culd nt B. Yes, I think s C. I’m afraid s D. I’m afraid nt
9.—Culd I use yur bike?
—Yes, f curse yu ___A____.
A. can B. culd C. must D. will
10.—Wuld yu mind ___C____ the windw? It’s very ht.
—N, nt at all.
A. pen B.t pen C. pening D. pens
11.—Culd I brrw yur car?
—___B___, I need it. I _______ g t schl.
A. Certainly; dn’t B. Srry; have t
C. Certainly; dn’t have t D. Sure; have t
12.—Culd yu lend me the bk yu bught last week?
—___A___.
A. Yes, here yu are B. N, I can’t lend
C. It’s nt interesting D. A gd idea
13.—Paul, culd yu please ___C___ the TV? Jim is sleeping nw.
—Srry. I’ll d it right nw.
A. turn up B. turning up C. turn dwn D. turning dwn
14.---Lily, culd yu help t feed my cat while I’m away?
---___B___.
A. N, I dn’t B. Yes, I will C. N, I mustn’t D. Yes, I must
15.—Wuld yu mind my smking here?
—___D____. Can’t yu see the sign “N smking”?
A.Of curse nt B.N C.Never mind D.Yu’d better nt
二、语法填空
Ladies and gentlemen,
Gd mrning! I’ m Li Ping. It’ s my hnr t give yu a speech. My tpic is “ We shuld help parents d husewrk”. Nw many f us hate 1. ding (d) husewrk. Sme students think it’s bad fr ur develpment. In my view, we shuld help parents d sme husewrk .
I ften help my parents d sme chres such as making the bed and 2. flding (fld) my clthes. They are relaxing and 3. interesting (interest). I als sweep the flr and take 4. ut the rubbish as ften as pssible. I dn’ t think it is 5. a waste f time. Ding chres can help me be independent. We can’ t depend n ur parents 6. all the time. What’s mre, it’s 7. fair (fairness) fr us t share the husewrk 8. because we are a member f the family. Anyway, we can relax urselves 9. by ding chres. When I see the tidy rm, I feel prud f myself. My parents are pleased with me. I think it’s 10. ur (us) duty t help ur parents d sme chres. 介词短语
用 法
举 例
图 解 记 忆
in frnt f
在物体 外部 （内部/外部）的前面
There is a girl in frnt f the car. 轿车的前面有一个女孩。
in the frnt f
在物体 内部 （内部/外部）的前面
Mike and Lucy sit in the frnt f the bus.迈克和露西坐在轿车前面。
倒装结构
neither + be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语
表示前者描述的否定情况也适用于后者，意为“……也一样”
s + be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语
表示前者描述的肯定情况也适用于后者，意为“……也一样”
正常语序
neither＋主语＋be动词/助动词/情态动词
陈述前面的否定情况，意为“确实如此”
s＋主语＋be动词/助动词/情态动词
陈述前面的肯定情况，意为“确实如此”
不定代词
用于几者中
含义
固定搭配
例句
bth
两者
两者都
…和…都
Bth Tm and Mary are teachers.
汤姆和玛丽都是老师
neither
两者都不
既不…也不…
Neither yu nr I am gd at math.
我们俩都不擅长数学。
all
三者或三者以上
三者或三者以上都
无
All f us are frm China.
我们都来自中国。
nne
三者或三者以上都不
无
I like nne f the bks.
这些书我都不喜欢。
either
两者中的任何一个
两者之一
要么…要么…
Either yu r he is right.
不是你对，就是他对。
单词
含义
用法
图解助记
brrw
借；借入
（主语借进）
brrw sth. frm sb. “向某人借某物”
lend
（过去式lent）
借给；借出
（主语借出）
lend sb. sth. “借某物给某人”
= lend sth. t sb. “把某物借给某人”
keep
保存；保留
延续动词，表示借用的时间长度，与fr +一段时间及hw lng连用（指借一段时间）
hate t d sth.
表示具体的行为，（偶尔）讨厌做某件事
hate ding sth.
表示泛指的行为，（经常或习惯性地）讨厌做某件事
单词
用法
sb. pay +钱 fr sth.
结构
pay
花钱，主语是人
sth. cst sb. +钱
某人花多少钱买某物
cst
花钱，主语是物
sb. spend +钱/时间 n sth.
某物花了某人多少钱
spend
花钱/时间，主语是人
sb. spend +钱/时间(in)ding sth.
某人在某物上花费时间/金钱
It takes/tk sb. +时间 t d sth.
某人花费多少时间/金钱做某事
take
花时间，it作形式主语
做某事花费某人多长时间
用法和句式
示例
提出请求：
Culd yu please (nt) d
Culd yu please take the dg fr a walk?
请你去遛遛狗好吗？
征询许可：
Culd I/we d ... ?
Culd I g ut fr dinner with my friends?
我能和朋友一起出去吃（晚）饭吗？
肯定回答常用语：
Of curse./Certainly./OK./Sure./N prblem.等
否定回答常用语：
Srry./Certainly nt./I’m afraid I can’t./N, yu can’t等.+说明理由
—Culd yu please clean the rm?
请你打扫一下房间好吗？
—Sure. 当然可以。
—Culd yu pen the windws? 你能打开窗户吗？
—Srry, but I have a cld. 抱歉，我感冒了。