北京市中国人民大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二上学期12月统练英语试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份北京市中国人民大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二上学期12月统练英语试卷（Word版附解析），文件包含北京市中国人民大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二上学期12月统练英语试题Word版含解析docx、北京市中国人民大学附属中学2024-2025学年高二上学期12月统练英语试题Word版无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共24页， 欢迎下载使用。
注意：请将II卷答案写在答题纸上，请将I卷答案填涂到机读卡上。
I卷（共52分）
第一部分：完形填空（共10小题；每小题2分，共20分）
In interviews, famus peple ften say that the key t becming bth happy and successful is t “d what yu lve.” But mastering a skill, even ne that yu deeply lve, calls fr plenty f drills. Any challenging activity — frm cmputer prgramming t playing a musical instrument t athletics — requires ___1___ practice. A perfect glf swing r faultless butterfly strke (蝶泳) takes cuntless hurs f practice and repetitins t perfect.
Anyne wh wants t have a gd cmmand f a skill must g thrugh the ___2___ f practice, critical feedback, plish, and increasing imprvement again, again, and again. Sme peple seem able t cncentrate n practicing an activity like this fr years and take pleasure in their gradual imprvement. Yet thers find this kind f fcused, time-intensive wrk t be ___3___ r bring. Why?
The distinctin may depend n the ability t enter int a state f “flw,” the feeling f being cmpletely invlved in what yu are ding. Flw states can happen in the curse f any activity, and they are mst cmmn when a task has definite gals and where the individual is able t ___4___ their perfrmance t clear and immediate feedback.
Csikszentmihalyi suggested that thse wh mst ___5___ entered int flw states had an “auttelic persnality” — a tendency t seek ut challenges and get int a state f flw. While thse withut such a persnality see difficulties, auttelic individuals see pprtunities t build skills and they have lw levels f self-centeredness. Such peple, with their ability t fcus n tasks rather than rewards have a great ___6___ ver thers in develping their innate (天生的) abilities. But hw can we get int flw state fr an activity s that we enjy bth the prcess f imprving skills and the ___7___ f being a master?
Obviusly fr thse f us wh dn’t necessarily pssess an auttelic persnality, there is evidence that flw states can be ___8___ by envirnmental factrs. Fr instance, in Mntessri schls, students d nt study by fllwing direct instructin. Instead, they are encuraged t develp and pursue persnal interests. Cmpetitin is ___9___ and grading is nt emphasized. Students are gruped tgether accrding t shared interests, rather than separated by ability.
While there isn’t yet a pill that can turn dull practice int an exciting activity fr anyne, it is cmfrting that we seem t be able t advance int flw states. By giving urselves unstructured, pen-ended time, minimum
distractins and task set at mderate level f _____10_____, we may be able t lve what we’re ding while we put in the hard wrk practicing the things we lve ding.
1. A. fixedB. cncentratedC. paralleledD. instructed
2. A. transfrmatinB. substituteC. cycleD. cnditin
3. A. pisnusB. rewardingC. ignrantD. frustrating
4. A. applyB. devteC. adjustD. expse
5. A. deliberatelyB. readilyC. hesitantlyD. flexibly
6. A. featureB. cntrlC. advantageD. sympathy
7. A. securityB. jealusyC. rewardD. cntributin
8. A. cultivatedB. extendedC. influencedD. bridged
9. A. advcatedB. suspendedC. discuragedD. bserved
10. A. prirityB. difficultyC. curisityD. identity
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是如何通过专注和环境因素进入“心流”状态，享受技能提升的过程，并最终获得掌握技能的满足感。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：任何具有挑战性的活动——从计算机编程到演奏乐器再到运动——都需要集中精力练习。A. fixed固定的；B. cncentrated集中精力的、全神贯注的；C. paralleled平行的；D. instructed受教育的、得到指示的。根据下文“A perfect glf swing r flawless butterfly strke (蝶泳) takes cuntless hurs f practice and repetitins t perfect.(一个完美的高尔夫挥杆或完美的蝶泳需要无数小时的练习和重复来完美。)”可知，此处表示“全神贯注的”练习，与下文呼应，符合语境。故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：任何想要掌握一项技能的人都必须经历练习、批评反馈、润色和不断改进的循环，一次又一次。A. transfrmatin转变；B. substitute替代物；C. cycle循环；D. cnditin条件。根据下文的“again, again, and again”可知，此处为“循环”表示一遍又一遍的，符合语境。故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但也有人觉得这种集中精力、耗费时间的工作令人沮丧或无聊。A. pisnus有毒的；B. rewarding值得的；C. ignrant无知的；D. frustrating令人沮丧的。根据句意以及下文的“r bring”可知，此处用frustrating和bring相呼应，表示“令人沮丧的”符合语境。故选D项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：心流状态可以发生在任何活动的过程中，当一项任务有明确的目标，并且个人能够调整自己的表现以获得清晰和即时的反馈时，这种状态最常见。A. apply申请；B. devte献身；C. adjust调整；D. expse暴露。根据下文的“t clear and immediate feedback.”可知，以获得清晰和即时的反馈，所以此处表示“调整以适应”符合语境。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Csikszentmihalyi认为，那些最容易进入心流状态的人有一种“自我人格”，即寻求挑战并进入心流状态的倾向。A. deliberately故意地；B. readily容易地、乐意地；C. hesitantly犹豫地；D. flexibly灵活地。根据下文“had an “auttelic persnality”—a tendency t seek ut challenges and get int a state f flw.(有“自我人格”——倾向于寻求挑战并进入心流状态。)”可知，拥有一种“自我人格”的人更容易进入心流状态，所以此处表示“容易”进入心流状态的人具有这种“自我人格”，符合语境。故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样的人，他们专注于任务而不是奖励的能力，在发展他们的先天能力方面比其他人有很大的优势。A. feature特点；B. cntrl控制；C. advantage优势；D. sympathy同情。根据上文的“Such peple, with their ability t fcus n tasks rather than rewards”以及下文的“ver thers in develping their innate (天生的) abilities.”可知，专注任务而不是奖励的能力人在发展他们的先天能力方面比其他人更有“优势”，此处是进行对比，符合语境。故选C项。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我们如何才能在一项活动中进入心流状态，从而既享受提高技能的过程，又享受成为大师的奖励呢？A. security安全；B. jealusy嫉妒；C. reward奖励、回报；D. cntributin贡献。根据上文的“But hw can we get int flw state fr an activity s that we enjy bth the prcess f imprving skills”以及下文的“being a master”可知，成为大师本身就应该是一种“奖励”符合语境。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们如何才能在一项活动中进入心流状态，从而既享受提高技能的过程，又享受成为大师的奖励呢？A. cultivated培养；B. extended延伸；C. influenced影响；D. bridged在……上架桥。根据下文的“they are encuraged t develp and pursue individual interests(鼓励他们发展和追求个人兴趣)”可知，心流状态是可以通过环境因素被培养的，所以此处表示“培养”符合语境。故选A项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：学校不鼓励竞争，不强调评分。A. advcated提倡；B. suspended暂停；C. discuraged不鼓励、使泄气；D. bserved观察。根据下文“grading is nt emphasized(不强调评分)”可知，此处表示竞
争是“不被鼓励的”符合语境。故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过给自己自由安排的、开放的时间、最少的干扰和中等难度的任务设置，我们可能会在努力练习我们喜欢做的事情的同时爱上我们正在做的事情。A. pririty优先权；B. difficulty困难；C. curisity好奇心；D. identity身份。根据上文“By giving urselves unstructured, pen-ended time, minimum distractins,(通过给自己自由的、开放的时间，减少干扰，)”可知，此处表示设置“中等难度”任务，与上文呼应，符合语境。故选B项。
第二部分：阅读理解（共16小题，每小题2分，共32分）
A
Fr ver 30 years, Rainbw Mntessri in Addisn has given children a place t grw and explre the wrld arund them, and they’re still ging strng tday. With 20 years in the same lcatin, the schl is “nt ging anywhere,” says Dave Rdenbrn, a sn f the schl’s funders. As general directr, Dave has verseen many imprvements, including a new playgrund fr the preschl and a cmplete mdernizatin.
The schl serves families f children frm 6 weeks t 6th grade. This allws them t have prgrams in baby care, preschl, kindergarten, and elementary. The curriculum has develped ver the decades, mst ntably in the elementary. At first smewhat jkingly referred t as “Mnte-srta,” due t its relaxed applicatin f the Mntessri Methd, the schl’s elementary nw stresses a mre traditinal Mntess envirnment. Mntessri assciates abstract cncepts with cncrete sensrial (感觉的) experiences, ensuring that children are invlved in learning, nt just memrizatin. Classrms still have a creative, casual feel, with children having freedm f chice, but in keeping with Mntessri principles, they wrk within a framewrk. This helps them learn abut freedm within limits, maximizing their ptential.
The truly internatinal Rainbw Mntessri staff cmes frm a wide range f backgrunds, all Mntessri-trained. “They are an energetic, devted grup,” says Dave. “They are lyal, caring and like what they d a lt. I’d say a gd 30 t 40 percent f them have been here fr almst a decade r mre.”
Dave says that his favrite part f being at Rainbw Mntessri is “making things grw”. By that, he desn’t mean it in the sense f the rganic, but by “cming up with gd slutins t prblems as they ccur.” This is reflective f Mntessri beliefs, in which each child learns t use the right tls and discver slutins fr themselves. Dave credits a strng staff and great parents with lts f patience fr helping t make Rainbw Mntessri an ideal place fr children t learn and grw.
Rainbw Mntessri
790 East Duane Ave., Addisn
(408)738-3261
www.rainbw-mntessri.cm
11. What d we knw abut Rainbw Mntessri schl?
A. It was funded by Dave Rdenbrn.
B. It has std at the same place fr 20 years.
C. Its students range frm kindergarten t primary.
D. Half f its staff have wrked there fr ten years.
12. Accrding t Paragraph 2, what is the characteristic f Rainbw Mntessri?
A. Students are expected t memrize cncepts.
B. Classrm regulatins are highly stressed.
C. Students are free t chse subjects.
D. Active learning is encuraged.
13. By saying “making things grw” in the last paragraph, Dave means the schl .
A. tries its best t prevent prblems frm ccurring
B. prvides suitable learning tls fr each single child
C. creates a natural envirnment fr the grwth f students
D. encurages students t find prper ways t slve prblems
【答案】11. B 12. D 13. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是Rainbw Mntessri学校的历史、教育理念及其特色，展示其如何支持儿童成长与探索世界。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With 20 years in the same lcatin, the schl is “nt ging anywhere,” says Dave Rdenbrn, a sn f the schl’s funders.(学校创始人之子戴夫•罗登伯恩（Dave Rdenbrn）表示，在同一地点开办了20年，这所学校‘哪儿也没去’。)”可知，20年来，学校的地址都在同一个地方。故选B项。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mntessri assciates abstract cncepts with cncrete sensrial (感觉的) experiences, ensuring that children are invlved in learning, nt just memrizatin. Classrms still have a creative, casual feel, with children having freedm f chice, but in keeping with Mntessri principles, they wrk within a
framewrk. This helps them learn abut freedm within limits, maximizing their ptential.(Mntessri将抽象概念与具体的感官体验联系起来，确保儿童参与学习，而不仅仅是记忆。教室仍然有一种创造性的、随意的感觉，孩子们有选择的自由，但为了与Mntessri原则保持一致，他们在一个框架内工作。这有助于他们学习在限制内的自由，最大限度地发挥他们的潜力。)”可知，Mntessri的特色是课堂气氛轻松，富有创造性，鼓励学生积极主动学习，最大限度地发挥他们的潜力。故选D项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Dave says that his favrite part f being at Rainbw Mntessri is “making things grw”. By that, he desn’t mean it in the sense f the rganic, but by “cming up with gd slutins t prblems as they ccur.” This is reflective f Mntessri beliefs, in which each child learns t use the right tls and discver slutins fr themselves. (戴夫说，他在Rainbw Mntessri最喜欢的部分是‘让东西生长’。他所说的并不是指有机意义上的成长，而是指‘在问题出现时提出好的解决方案’。这反映了Mntessri的信念，即每个孩子都学会使用正确的工具并为自己找到解决方案。)”可知，Dave解释说他所说的“成长”指的是“cming up with gd slutins t prblems as they ccur”，这反映了Mntessri教育理念，每个孩子学会使用正确的工具并自己发现解决方案；由此可知，Dave在最后一段说“making things grw”意思是学校鼓励学生找到合适的方法来解决问题。故选D项。
In cllege, I was taught an elegant thery f chemical cmbinatin based n excess electrns ging int hles in the rbital shell f a neighburing atm. But what abut diatmic cmpunds like xygen gas? Dn't ask; students aren't ready t knw. In physics, in bilgy, in any ther science classes, students frequently get that answer t.
It’s time t trust students t handle dubt and diversity in science. Actually, students are starting t act. They have shamed their senirs int including mre diverse cntributrs as faculty members and rle mdels. Yung schlars rudely ask their superirs why they fail t address the extinctin crises clarified by their research. The inherited authritarian plitical structures f science educatin are becming lame—but still remain largely unchanged frm the ld schl days.
A narrw, rigid educatin des nt prepare anyne fr the cmplexities f scientific research, applicatins and plicy. If we discurage students frm inquiring int the real nature f scientific truths, r explring hw sciety shapes the questins that researchers ask hw can we prepare them t maintain public trust in science in ur “pst-truth” wrld? Diversity and dubt prduce creativity: we must make rm fr them, and stp guiding future scientists int narrw specialties that value technique ver thught.
In science, even fundatinal building blcks can be questined. The unifying patterns f the peridic table
are nw questined under clser examinatin. Sme scientists nw wnder whether the cncept f bilgical “species” cntributes mre cnfusin than insight, and whether it shuld therefre be abandned. Hwever, such a decisin wuld affect cnservatin plicy, in which identificatin f endangered species is crucial—s it is nt just an issue fr basic science.
Science students generally remain unaware that cncepts such as elements and species are cntested r are even cntestable. In schl, cllege and beynd, curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective. Public arguments amng scientists ften presume that every prblem has just ne slutin.
Nnetheless, uncertain advice n cmplex issues shuld be a warning that, frm a future perspective, tday's ttal scientific cnsensus n sme plicy issue might have been the result f stubbrnness, a cnflict f interest r wrse. Just as a healthy demcracy accmmdates dissent and dissnance, the cllective cnsciusness f science wuld d well t embrace dubt and diversity. This culd start with teaching science as a great, flawed, nging human achievement, rather than as a cllectin f cut-and-dried eternal （永久的）truths.
I recall a legendary chemistry prfessr wh was nt skilful at getting classrm demnstratins t wrk—but discussing what went wrng helped his students t thrive. A mathematician friend let pupils discuss every statement in the textbk until all were satisfied. They did very well in exams, and taught themselves when he was absent. Treating peple at all levels as cmmitted thinkers, whse asking teaches us all, is the key t tackling the challenges t science in the pst-trust age.
14. The prblem f current science training is that ______.
A. students cannt becme specialists
B. it ges against established science educatin
C. students lse trust in their teachers and prfessrs
D. it fails t prvide students with what they need in future
15. The peridic table is mentined t prve that ______.
A even the widely accepted can be challenged
B. students are generally ignrant f science
C. mst previus researches are ut f date
D. science has been develping with time
16. It can be learnt frm the passage that ______.
A. students may be mre innvative if they are allwed t dubt
B. science students d nt cntest elements r species
C. students shuld nt trust established science
D. diversity prevents prgress in science
17. Which f the fllwing statements best represents the writer’s pinin?
A. Our curricula highlight the technical and hide the reflective.
B. Science shuld be a cllectin f cut-and-dried eternal truths.
C. Teachers shuld treat peple at all levels as cmmitted thinkers.
D. The cncept f bilgical species brings mre cnfusin than insight.
【答案】14. D 15. A 16. A 17. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了，在科学领域，我们要信任学生来处理科学中的怀疑和多样性，多样性和怀疑产生创造力，如果我们不鼓励学生探究科学真理的真实本质，或者不鼓励他们探索社会如何塑造研究人员提出的问题，那么我们如何让他们做好准备，在我们的“后真理”世界里保持公众对科学的信任。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段最后两句“Dn't ask; students aren't ready t knw. In physics, in bilgy, in any ther science classes, students frequently get that answer t.”（别问，学生们还没准备好知道。在物理学、生物学、任何其他科学课上，学生也经常得到这个答案。），第三段第一句“A narrw, rigid educatin des nt prepare anyne fr the cmplexities f scientific research, applicatins and plicy.”（狭隘、僵化的教育不能使任何人为科学研究、应用和政策的复杂性做好准备。），可知当前科学培训的问题在于它不能为学生提供他们未来进行科学研究所需要的东西。故选D项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段中的“In science, even fundatinal building blcks can be questined. The unifying patterns f the peridic table are nw questined under clser examinatin.”（在科学领域，甚至基础的构成要素也可能受到质疑。现在元素周期表的统一模式正在更仔细的检查下被质疑。），说明元素周期表即使是被广泛接受的，也可能会被质疑。故选A项。
【16题详解】
推理判断题。第三段最后一句“Diversity and dubt prduce creativity: we must make rm fr them, and stp guiding future scientists int narrw specialties that value technique ver thught.”（多样性和怀疑产生创造力：我们必须为它们腾出空间，并停止引导未来的科学家进入狭隘的专业领域，即重视技术而不是思想。），可
推断出如果允许学生怀疑，学生可能更具创新性。故选A项。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“Treating peple at all levels as cmmitted thinkers, whse asking teaches us all, is the key t tackling the challenges t science in the pst-trust age.”（把所有层次的人都当作坚定的思考者，他们的询问教会了我们所有人，这是在后信任时代应对科学挑战的关键。），可知教师应该把所有层次的人看作是坚定的思考者，这能最好描述符合作者观点。故选C项。
【点睛】推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分——推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分——推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。如在第3小题中，第三段最后一句“Diversity and dubt prduce creativity: we must make rm fr them, and stp guiding future scientists int narrw specialties that value technique ver thught.”，是已知部分，通过结合原文进行合理地逻辑判断，可推断出如果允许学生怀疑，学生可能更具创新性。故选A项。
C
Final exams are arund the crner - but that wn’t stp sme teenagers putting in the least effrt. This may be because their brains aren’t develped enugh t prperly assess hw high the stakes (利害关系) are, and adapt their behaviur accrdingly.
Catherine Insel, at Harvard University, and her team asked adlescents between the ages f 13 and 20 t play a game while mnitring their brains. In sme runds f the game, participants culd earn 20 cents fr a crrect respnse, while an incrrect ne wuld cst them 10 cents. But in runds with higher stakes, crrect respnses were wrth a dllar, and wrng answers lst the participants 50 cents.
The team fund that while the lder vlunteers perfrmed better in the high stakes runds, the yunger nes didn’t - their perfrmance didn’t change in line with whether the stakes were lw r high. And the lder the vlunteers were, the mre imprved their perfrmance was.
When the team lked at the brain activity f the vlunteers, they fund that their ability t imprve their perfrmance was linked t hw develped their brains were. A regin in the brain, which cntinues t develp until we are at least 25 years ld, seemed t be particularly imprtant. The findings explain why sme teenagers are s uncncerned when it cmes t hazardus behavirs. They are much likely t drive dangerusly, fr instance, especially when ne f their friends is nearby.
Insel thinks schls shuld recnsider the way they test perfrmance in teenagers. “This study suggests it’s nt
a gd idea t evaluate schl perfrmance in a single final exam” she says. A better idea wuld be t use a variety f smaller tests, cnducted thrughut the year.
It’s nt all bad news fr teens, thugh. Teenagers put the same amunt f effrt int tasks that aren’t “imprtant”, and start t prefer hbbies t schl. It culd be a gd thing, allwing teenagers t learn cmplex scial skills, fr example.
18. Why did the researchers set different bets in the game?
A. T meet the needs f different participants.
B. T create the varied risk levels f the game.
C. T better mnitr participants’ brains.
D. T teach hw t make mney.
19. What des the underlined wrd “hazardus” prbably mean?
A. Addictive.B. Abusive.C. Risky.D. Specific.
20. What shuld be kept in mind while assessing students’ perfrmance?
A. Examinatin is nt a gd means f evaluating students.
B. The items in exams shuld nt be t difficult.
C. It shuld nt be judged by nly ne exam.
D. Exam-fcused educatin shuld nt be adpted.
21. What is Insel’s attitude t teenagers’ putting effrt int “unimprtant” tasks?
A. Dubtful.B. Negative.C. Unclear.D. Favrable.
【答案】18. B 19. C 20. C 21. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了青少年因大脑发育未完全，难以评估风险，在高利害关系下表现不佳，建议学校调整考核方式。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The team fund that while the lder vlunteers perfrmed better in the high stakes runds, the yunger nes didn’t - their perfrmance didn’t change in line with whether the stakes were lw r high. (研究小组发现，虽然年龄较大的志愿者在高风险回合中表现更好，但年龄较小的志愿者没有——他们的表现并没有随着风险的高低而改变。)”可知，研究的结果发现“年纪稍大的参与者在高风险回合中表现更好”。由此可推知，研究人员设置不同赌注的目的是为了使游戏的冒险程度不同。故选B。
【19题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后面的举例“They are much likely t drive dangerusly, fr instance (例如，他们更有可能危险驾驶)”可知，一些青少年对危险行为如此漠不关心。由此可知，划线词hazardus与C项Risky“危险的”意义相近。故选C。
【20题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““This study suggests it’s nt a gd idea t evaluate schl perfrmance in a single final exam”, she says. A better idea wuld be t use a variety f smaller tests, cnducted thrughut the year. (“这项研究表明，在一次期末考试中评估学校成绩不是一个好主意”，她说。更好的办法是全年进行各种较小的测试。)”可知，不能只通过一次考试来判断学校的成绩。故选C。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s nt all bad news fr teens, thugh. Teenagers put the same amunt f effrt int tasks that aren’t “imprtant”, and start t prefer hbbies t schl. It culd be a gd thing, allwing teenagers t learn cmplex scial skills, fr example. (不过，这对青少年来说并不都是坏消息。青少年将同样精力投入到不“重要”的任务中，并开始喜欢业余爱好而不是上学。这可能是一件好事，比如让青少年学习复杂的社交技能。)”可知，作者认为青少年花时间做一些不重要的事情可能也是一件好事，让他们可以学到复杂的社交技巧。由此推知，作者的态度是“赞同的”。故选D。
第二节：根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mving int a new hme in a new neighbrhd is an exciting experience. Of curse, yu want t make sure that yu becme an acceptable and valuable part f yur neighbrhd . the easiest way t accmplish this is t make sure yu cnduct yurself as a gd neighbr shuld. ______22______
Perhaps ne f the mst imprtant things yu can d as a gd neighbr is t keep yur prperty(房产) neat, clean, and in gd repair. _____23_____ By chsing t keep the utside f the hme in great shape, yu will help t imprve the lk and feel f the area.
Secnd, take the verall appearance f the neighbrhd seriusly,. When ging fr a walk. Take a small garbage bag. ______24______ This small act will let yur neighbrs knw that yu care abut the area.
_______25_______ If a neighbr is ging t be ut f twn, ffer t cllect mail and newspapers. If a neighbr suffers an illness, ffer t d the grcery shpping . Let them knw yu are there t help in any way this acceptable, while still respecting the privacy f yur neighbr.
_______26_______ By fllwing the basic rules f respecting thers, taking care f what belngs t yu, and
taking pride in the appearance f the neighbrhd in general, yu will quickly becme a gd neighbr that everyne appreciate.
A. In general, keep an eye n their prperty while they are gne.
B. A gd neighbr is als ne wh likes t help ut in small ways.
C. Being a gd neighbr is mre r less abut cnsiderate behavir.
D. Smetimes neighbrs may g t the supermarket tgether t d shpping.
E. Shuld yu cme acrss waste paper thrwn ut f a passing car, pick it up.
F. Peple tend t lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips t help yu win ver everyne in the neighbrhd quickly
【答案】22. G 23. F 24. E 25. B 26. C
【解析】
【分析】怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。
【22题详解】
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居。下文是具体做法，G项（这里有一些技巧，可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的信赖。）承上启下，故选G。
【23题详解】
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整洁的户内户外环境，F项中Peple tend t take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.(人们往往会自豪于保持街上的一切新鲜和诱人)与本段意思一致，故选F。
【24题详解】
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾袋，E项Shuld yu cme acrss waste paper thrwn ut f a passing car, pick it up.(遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。)与上句连接，是举例说明拿垃圾袋的作用。故选E。
【25题详解】
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻居的隐私。B项A gd neighbr is als ne wh likes t help ut in small ways.(好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人)符合本段内容，故选B。
【26题详解】
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照顾好属于自己
的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。C项中cnsiderate behavir是下文内容的概括，故选C。
点睛：七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。所以懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有用。
分析本文的语篇结构，可以知道第一段先引出话题，本段最后一句是文章的主题句，然后接下来各段都是阐述一种方法，是总分总结构。每段开头都是本段的主题句，要弄清每段主题句和段落内容的联系，判断正确答案。小题3本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾袋，E项（遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。）与上句连接，是举例说明拿垃圾袋的作用。故选E。
II卷（共48分）
一、根据首字母和汉语提示完成以下各句（每小题1分，共18分）
27. Mdern inventins and hi-tech gadgets f________ (使便利) husewrk in many ways. （根据中英文提示拼写单词）
【答案】facilitate##acilitate
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：现代发明和高科技小工具在许多方面使家务变得方便。根据首字母和汉语提示“使便利”可知，本空用动词facilitate，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Mdern inventins and hi-tech gadgets为复数，谓语用动词原形。故填facilitate。
28. The scial and educatinal s________ (意义) f the readers’ bks cannt be verestimated in an academic library. （根据中英文提示拼写单词）
【答案】significance##ignificance
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在一个学术图书馆里，读者书籍的社会和教育意义怎么估计也不为过。根据首字母s和汉语提示“意义”可知，本空应用不可数名词significance，作主语。故填significance。
29. His plays have e________ (启迪), taught and entertained peple fr centuries. (根据中英文提示拼写单词)
【答案】enlightened##nlightened
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他的戏剧几个世纪以来一直在启迪、教育和娱乐人们。根据提示的汉语和首字母可知，表示“启迪”为动词enlighten，空前有助动词have，所以此处使用过去分词形式与have构成现在完成时态。故填enlightened。
30. She c________ (培养) her taste fr music during her childhd. (根据中英文提示拼写单词)
【答案】cultivated##ultivated
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：她在童年时期培养了对音乐的兴趣。根据首字母c和中文提示“培养”可知，本空需填动词cultivate，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填cultivated。
31. My heartfelt s________ (同情，慰问) ges ut t all the relatives. （根据中英文提示拼写单词）
【答案】sympathy##ympathy
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我向所有亲属表示由衷的同情。根据提示的首字母s和中文提示“同情，慰问”可知，应填名词sympathy，作主语。故填sympathy。
32. As I began t read abut scientists and p________ (哲学家) I started imagining myself in their shes. (根据中英文提示拼写单词)
【答案】philsphers##hilsphers
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：当我开始阅读有关科学家和哲学家的文章时，我开始想象自己站在他们的立场上。此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语和首字母，表示“哲学家”为philspher，结合空前的scientists可知，此处应为名词复数。故填philsphers。
33. War has made life almst u________ (无法忍受) fr the civilians remaining in the capital. (根据中英文提示拼写单词)
【答案】unbearable##nbearable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：战争使留在首都的平民的生活几乎变得无法忍受。“无法忍受”作宾语补足语，结合首字母提示，用形容词unbearable，表明逻辑主语life的性质。故填unbearable。
34. I_________ (起初), I thught I wuld nly stay there fr a year. （根据中英文提示拼写单词）
【答案】Initially##nitially
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：起初，我以为我只会在那里待一年。根据首字母I和汉语提示“起初”可知，本空用副词initially，作状语，修饰句子，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Initially。
35. T achieve the gal, teachers and students shuld take their respnsibility r________(各自地). (根据中英文提示拼写单词)
【答案】respectively##espectively
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：要实现这一目标，教师和学生应各司其职。此处为副词作状语修饰动词，根据提示的汉语和首字母，表示“各自地”为副词respectively。故填respectively。
36. His speech gave us an i________ (深入了解) int the prblems f educatin. (根据中英文提示拼写单词)
【答案】insight##nsight
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他的演讲使我们对教育问题有了深入的了解。此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语和首字母可知，表示“深入了解”为名词insight，空前有不定冠词an，所以此处使用名词单数形式。故填insight。
37. Better wages and encuragement will s________ (激励) them int new effrts. （根据中英文提示拼写单词）
【答案】stimulate##timulate
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：更高的工资和鼓励将激励他们投入新的努力。根据首字母和汉语提示“激励”可知，本空用动词stimulate，本空用动词原形，与空前的will构成一般将来时。故填stimulate。
38. Life is a prcess abut the a________ (习得) f knwledge, wealth and happiness. (根据中英文提示拼写单词)
【答案】acquisitin##cquisitin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：生命是一个获取知识、财富和幸福的过程。“习得”作介词宾语，结合首字母提示，用名词acquisitin，不可数名词。故填acquisitin。
39. Yur brain will get used t this way f thinking and peple will recgnize yur i________ (主动性) and reward yu fr it. (根据中英文提示拼写单词)
【答案】initiative##nitiative
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：你的大脑会习惯这种思维方式，人们会认识到你的主动性，并因此奖励你。“主动性”作宾语，结合首字母提示，用名词initiative，不可数名词。故填initiative。
40. Tday we have the mainstream media wh als u________ (无鉴别力地) accept the prevailing views, chsing their pinins by ppularity rather than reasn. (根据中英文提示拼写单词)
【答案】uncritically##ncritically
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：今天，我们看到主流媒体也毫无批判地接受了盛行的观点，它们选择意见是基于流行程度而非理性。此处为副词作状语修饰动词accept，结合提示的汉语和首字母可知，表示“无鉴别力地”为uncritically。故填uncritically。
41. The teacher encurages students t becme a___________ (自主的) learners by setting clear gals and mnitring their wn prgress. (根据中英文提示拼写单词)
【答案】autnmus##utnmus
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：老师通过鼓励学生设定明确的目标和监控自己的进步来成为自主学习者。此处为形容词作定语，根据提示的汉语和首字母可知，表示“自主的”为形容词autnmus修饰名词learners。故填autnmus。
42. P__________ (原始的) men made simple tls frm stnes and bnes. （根据中英文提示拼写单词）
【答案】Primitive##rimitive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：原始人用石头和动物的骨头制作简单的工具。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词primitive“原始的”，修饰名词men，作定语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Primitive。
43. If he’s nt here in five minutes, we’ll make the a__________ (假定，设想) that he isn’t cming. (根据中英文提示拼写单词)
【答案】assumptin##ssumptin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果他五分钟后还不在这里，我们将假设他不会来了。此处为名词作宾语，根据提示的汉语和首字母可知，表示“假定，设想”为assumptin，此空后为同位语从句解释“假设”的内容，特指一个具体的假设，用名词单数形式。故填assumptin。
44. Thrugh my many visits t China, I have been very frtunate in develping lng term relatinships with r__________ (可敬的) clleagues, many f whm I can truly call friends. (根据中英文提示拼写单词)
【答案】respected##espected
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：通过我多次访问中国，我非常幸运地与可敬的同事们建立了长期的关系，其中许多人我可以真正地称为朋友。“可敬的”修饰名词clleagues，结合首字母提示，用形容词respected
作定语，表示“受人尊敬的”。故填respected。
二、语法填空（每小题2分，共30分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
Helen Keller was an exceptinally special girl. ____45____ severe restrictins t her cmmunicatin, Helen was smetimes trublesme, stubbrn and angry, and had a tendency ___46___ (break) things when n ne understd her. Anne Sullivan as a superb teacher. Her technique t teach Helen language was simple and straightfrward. She spelt wrds by writing n Helen’s hand s that Helen culd get a mental picture f the wrds. In this way, Helen grasped the key t language and was eager t learn mre. Her knwledge and vcabulary expanded and this changed her ____47____ (think) prcess. Finally, Helen gt the wrld f wrds ____48____ (pen) up t her. She had a breakthrugh and learnt mre cmplex wrds. Helen nw understd the beautiful truth f the wrd “lve”.
【答案】45. With
46. t break
47. thinking
48. pened
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了海伦·凯勒在安妮·沙利文的教导下学习语言并取得突破的故事。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：她的交流受到严重限制，海伦有时会很麻烦，很固执，很生气，当没有人理解她时，她有摔东西的倾向。本空表示“伴随”，用介词with，符合题意，位于句首，首字母大写。故填With。
46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管她的交流受到严重限制，海伦有时会很麻烦，很固执，很生气，当没有人理解她时，她有摔东西的倾向。have a tendency t d sth.“有做某事的倾向”，固定短语，本空用break“打碎”的不定式，作后置定语，修饰tendency。故填t break。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：她的知识和词汇量扩大了，这改变了她的思维过程。本空作prcess的定语，用名词thinking“思维”。故填thinking。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，海伦使语言世界向她敞开。本句谓语为gt，此处为非谓语动词，且the wrld f wrds与pen“打开”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作宾语补足语，get sth. dne“使某事被做”。故填pened。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
It seems bvius nw ____49____ we acquire knwledge and understanding. T start with, we need questins. Then, we bserve the wrld arund us t find answers. After that, we cnsider pssible answers and test each t find the right nes. Althugh tday we can get an answer ____50____ (easy) with the help f the Internet, mdern scientists and thinkers still slve prblems with this type f ____51____ (analyze). In the 17th century, Francis Bacn suggested that this type f thinking was the way t gain knwledge. Hwever, peple at that time believed mre in the church than in facts, since they didn’t want t challenge what they ____52____ (believe). That’s als the reasn why Galilei was put in prisn after he prved the idea that “the Earth is nt the center f the universe”, thugh peple apprved f his studies at the very beginning. Hwever, Galilei als made mistakes. He is nw knwn as the father f astrnmy ____53____ he believed that the Earth mved rund the sun in a perfect circle. He was wrng. Therefre, ur understanding f the wrld arund us is cnstantly grwing and changing. Knwledge and understanding are things we need t fight fr, s we shuld be brave enugh t step ut frm the shadws f cnventinal thught in rder t find the kingdm f knwledge that tday’s civilizatin _____54_____(build) upn.
【答案】49. hw
50. easily 51. analysis
52. had believed
53. but 54. is built
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了人类探索知识的方法及其历史发展，强调了质疑和实证的重要性。
【49题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：现在我们似乎很清楚我们是如何获得知识和理解的。句中it作形式主语，空处引导真正的主语从句，根据下文“T start with, we need questins. Then, we bserve the wrld arund us t find answers.”可知，应用连接词hw引导，表示“如何”获得知识和理解。故填hw。
50题详解】
考查副词。句意：虽然今天我们可以在互联网的帮助下很容易地得到答案，但现代科学家和思想家仍然用这种分析方法来解决问题。空处修饰动词get，应用副词easily“容易地”。故填easily。
【51题详解】
考查名词。句意：虽然今天我们可以在互联网的帮助下很容易地得到答案，但现代科学家和思想家仍然用这种分析方法来解决问题。空处应用名词作介词f的宾语，动词analyze的名词形式为analysis，前面有this type f修饰，应用单数形式。故填analysis。
【52题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：然而，当时的人们更相信教会而不是事实，因为他们不想挑战他们所相信的东西。空处在句中作谓语，描述发生在过去之前的事情，应用过去完成时。故填had believed。
【53题详解】
考查连词。句意：他现在被称为天文学之父，但是他相信地球绕着太阳在一个完美的圆圈里移动。根据“He is nw knwn as the father f astrnmy”和“he believed that the Earth mved rund the sun in a perfect circle.”可知，句子前后为转折关系，空处应用并列连词but。故填but。
【54题详解】
考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。句意：知识和理解是我们需要为之奋斗的东西，因此，我们应该勇敢地走出传统思想的阴影，去寻找今天文明所建立的知识王国。空处在句中作谓语，描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，build与其主语civilizatin构成被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be用is。故填is built。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
Sichuan Prvince and its capital Chengdu are a lcal pint fr the discvery and research f ancient Chinese civilizatins. S far sme f China’s ldest histrical relics, prviding evidence f ancient Chinese crafts, custms and practices, _____55_____ (find) here. Mdern Chengdu and surrunding areas are a melting pt f culture and custms inherited _____56_____ ancient times: taxi drivers recite Du Fu’s pems, perfrmers shw bianlian (face-changing) perfrmance _____57_____ they change masks faster than audiences can fllw. Each has its rts in ancient Chinese civilizatin and demnstrates the strng effect ancient civilizatin has n cntemprary Sichuanese culture. Treasures _____58_____ (discver) in Sichuan prvince play an imprtant rle in tracing the emergence f Chinese civilizatin. Being naturally fertile (富饶的), the area _____59_____ (attract) early settlers, and frm sites such as Sanxingdui, archelgists and histrians can discver much abut Chinese civilizatin.
【答案】55. have been fund
56. frm 57. where
58. discvered
59. attracted
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四川省及其省会成都对于中国古代文明的发现和研究具有重要意义，以及成都及其周边地区文化传承的现状。
【55题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这里已经发现了一些中国最古老的历史文物，为中国古代工艺、风俗和习俗提供了证据。find(发现)是谓语动词，与主语sme f China’s ldest histrical relics之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“S far”可知，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填have been fund。
【56题详解】
考查介词。句意：现代成都及周边地区是自古以来文化和习俗的熔炉：出租车司机背诵杜甫的诗，表演者表演变脸，他们换脸的速度快得观众跟不上。结合句意，表示“自古以来”用介词frm，构成介词短语frm ancient times，作时间状语。故填frm。
【57题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：现代成都及周边地区是自古以来文化和习俗的熔炉：出租车司机背诵杜甫的诗，表演者表演变脸，他们换脸的速度快得观众跟不上。“_____ they change masks faster than audiences can fllw”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词bianlian (face-changing) perfrmance，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在变脸表演中”，是模糊地点，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在四川省发现的宝藏对于追溯中华文明的出现起着重要作用。“(discver) in Sichuan prvince”作后置定语，discver(发现)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Treasures之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填discvered。
【59题详解】
考查时态。句意：该地区自然肥沃，吸引了早期的定居者，从三星堆等遗址中，考古学家和历史学家可以发现很多关于中华文明的信息。attract(吸引)是谓语动词，与主语the area之间是主动关系，结合语境可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时态。故填attracted。