北京市第八十中学2024-2025学年高二上学期12月月考英语试卷（Word版附解析）

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2024年12月
(考试时间60分钟 满分100分)
提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。
第一部分：知识运用(共三节，60分)
第一节 完型填空(共10小题，每小题2分;共20分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Sme dreams take lnger t cme true than thers, but with the help f 21st-century scial media and her great-grandsn, at the age f 110, ne British wman is ____1____ hers at lng last.
At the end f Wrld War I, Amy Hawkins was a 7-year-ld child wh lved nthing mre than t ____2____. As a teen, Hawkins set her ____3____ n becming an entertainer. Hawkins was n her way, turing the cuntry with a dance trupe (歌舞团) — until her ambitin was ____4____ by her mm, wh didn’t see it as a respectable ____5____ fr a yung lady.
All these years later, the 110-year-ld lady lives at hme in Mnmuth, Suth Wales, surrunded by her lved nes. The fur-generatin family unit includes her granddaughter, Hannah Freeman, and Freeman’s 14-year-ld sn, Sacha. Even thugh she’s n lnger ding it ____6____, Hawkins has never stpped singing.
“She’s like a clck, nce yu wind her up she wn’t stp,” Freeman said in an interview. “She just keeps asking, ‘Wuld yu ____7____ anther ne?’.”
On Hawkins’ 110th birthday, Sacha ____8____ his great-gran singing ne f her favrite WWI tunes. When Freeman jkingly suggested Sacha pst it t TikTk, neither f them culd have ____9____ the verwhelmingly psitive respnse it wuld receive, reaching 100,000 views and a large number f emtinal praises in just days.
Sme jurneys take lnger than thers. Smetimes, we’re detured (绕路) alng the way. Dreams can and d cme true every day. While it’s been a lng time cming, Amy Hawkins is ______10______ a whle new generatin f fans.
1. A. reflectingB. realizingC. recallingD. researching
2. A. singB. studyC. paintD. film
3. A. valuesB. limitsC. sightsD. hands
4. A. cut backB. cut inC. cut thrughD. cut shrt
5. A. methdB. gradeC. levelD. ccupatin
6. A. nervuslyB. prfessinallyC. reasnablyD. secretly
7. A. bringB. haveC. likeD. read
8. A. caughtB. videedC. reprtedD. remembered
9. A. imaginedB. nticedC. missedD. suspected
10. A. entertainingB. becmingC. representingD. inviting
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了Amy Hawkins从小喜欢唱歌并立志当一名艺人，却不被妈妈看好，直到她110岁时还在坚持歌唱梦想的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些梦想要比其他的更久才能实现，但在21世纪的社交媒体和她曾孙的帮助下，一位110岁的英国女性终于实现了自己的梦想。A. reflecting反思，反射；B. realizing实现，意识到；C. recalling回忆；D. researching研究。根据上文“Sme dreams take lnger t cme true than thers”可知，空后的“hers”指代的就是dream“梦想”。因此这里要用realizing。故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一次世界大战结束时，艾米·霍金斯还是个7岁的孩子，她最喜欢的就是唱歌。A. sing唱歌；B. study学习；C. paint画画；D. film电影，摄制电影。根据下文“Hawkins was n her way, turing the cuntry with a dance trupe (歌舞团)”和“Hawkins has never stpped singing.”可知，霍金斯最喜欢唱歌。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：霍金斯十几岁时就立志要成为一名艺人。A. values价值；B. limits限制；C. sights视力，景象，眼界；D. hands手。根据本句结构可知，这里是短语set ne’s sight n“力求，立志于”。由此可见，十几岁时的霍金斯立志要当一个艺人。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：霍金斯当时正在路上，她和一个舞蹈团在全国巡回演出，直到她的梦想被她的母亲终止了，她的母亲认为这不是一个年轻女士应该做的体面职业。A. cut back削减，修剪；B. cut in插嘴，超车；C. cut thrugh刺穿，抄近路走过；D. cut shrt缩短，打断。根据下句“wh didn’t see it as a
respectable 5 fr a yung lady”可知，霍金斯的妈妈认为当艺人不体面，由此可判断出是不赞同她去走这条路的，因此霍金斯的雄心被中断了。故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：霍金斯当时正在路上，她和一个舞蹈团在全国巡回演出，直到她的梦想被她的母亲终止了，她的母亲认为这不是一个年轻女士应该做的体面职业。A. methd方法；B. grade年级，分数；C. level水平；D. ccupatin职业。根据上文中的“Hawkins set her 3 n becming an entertainer.”以及“until her ambitin was 4 by her mm”可判断出，霍金斯长大了想把当艺人当成一份工作，但是被妈妈不认同，因为她妈妈认为艺人是一个不受尊重的职业。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管霍金斯已经不再是职业歌手，但她从未停止过唱歌。A.nervusly焦虑地；B. prfessinally专业地；C. reasnably合理地；D. secretly秘密地。根据第二段第三句“until her ambitin was 4 by her mm, wh didn’t see it as a respectable 5 fr a yung lady.”可知，霍金斯由于妈妈的阻挠，没有从事唱歌这个职业，因此就有了，她不是职业歌手，但是从未停止唱歌。故选B项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她一直在问，你想再听一首歌吗？ A. bring带来；B. have有；C. like喜欢；D. read读。根据上文中的“She’s like a clck, nce yu wind her up she wn’t stp,” Freeman said in an interview.”可知，老妇人唱起歌来就停不下来，总是会问要不要再听一首歌曲，wuld like想要，故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在霍金斯110岁生日那天，萨夏拍下了他曾祖母唱她最喜欢的WWI歌曲之一的视频。A. caught抓住；B. videed录制；C. reprted报告；D. remembered记得。根据第五段第二句“When Freeman jkingly suggested Sacha pst it t TikTk”可知，此处是把录制的视频发布到抖音上去。故选B项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们俩谁也没有想到它会在短短几天内得到如此压倒性的积极回应，点击量达到了10万次，还有大量的情感赞扬。A. imagined想象；B. nticed注意到；C. missed想念；D. suspected怀疑。根据空后“neither f them culd have 9 the verwhelmingly psitive respnse it wuld receive, reaching 100,000 views and a large number f emtinal praises in just days.”可知，录制的视频发布到网上以后有很大的相应，这很难想象的到。故选A项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在漫长的等待之后，艾米·霍金斯迎来了新一代的粉丝A. entertaining娱乐，招待；B. becming成为；C. representing代表；D. inviting邀请。根据空前一句“While it’s been a lng time cming”可知，由于母亲的原因霍金斯没有从事歌唱事业，但是在110岁的时候一举成名迎来了自己的第一批粉丝。故选A项。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题，每小题2分;共20分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When yu take a walk in any f the cities in the West, yu ften see a lt f peple ____11____ (walk) with dgs. It is still true that the dg is the mst faithful animals in the wrld. But the reasns ____12____ peple keep a dg have changed a lt. In the ld days, peple used t train dgs t prtect themselves against the attacks ____13____ ther beasts. Nw peple in the city keep dgs t prtect themselves, but the mst imprtant reasn is cmpaninship.
【答案】11. walking
12. why 13. frm##f##by
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今人们养狗的原因发生了变化，从过去用狗来保护自己免受其他野兽的攻击到如今用狗来保护自己和陪伴自己。
【11题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：当你在西方任何一个城市散步时，你经常会看到很多人带着狗散步。see sb. ding sth.固定搭配，意为“看见某人正在做某事”，故填walking。
【12题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：但人们养狗的原因已经发生了很大变化。_______peple keep a dg是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reasns，且关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导，故填why。
【13题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：在过去，人们常常训练狗来保护自己免受其他野兽的攻击。此处既可以表示“来自其他野兽的攻击”，应用介词frm，也可用表示“野兽的攻击”，应用介词f，同时也可用by表示“被野兽攻击”，故填frm/f/by。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A hutng is a typical ancient city street in Beijing. ____14____ (surrund) the Frbidden City, many hutngs were built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing ____15____ (dynasty). At the end f the Qing dynasty, many ld hutngs lst their frmer neat arrangement. Since the funding f the new China in 1949, hutng cnditins ____16____ (imprve). But in recent years, mdern buildings have replaced the huses in many hutngs.
【答案】14. Surrunding
15. dynasties
16. have been imprved
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。胡同是北京一条典型的古城街道。本文主要介绍了胡同的历史。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：故宫周围有许多元、明、清时期修建的胡同。句子中有谓语were built，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，动词surrund和主语hutngs是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Surrunding。
【15题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：故宫周围有许多元、明、清时期修建的胡同。此处应用名词dynasty作宾语，此处指的是元、明、清这几个朝代，应用复数，故填dynasties。
【16题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：1949年新中国成立以来，胡同条件得到改善。由Since the funding f the new China in 1949可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语和动词imprve是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，助动词应用have，故填have been imprved。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Of all the wrks f William Shakespeare that have graced the theaters in China, Hamlet is ____17____ (arguable) the mst famus amng Chinese audiences. It has als been adapted many times in the cuntry. Veteran Chinese actrs Hu Jun, Pu Cunxi and Lu Fang will play the leading rles, alng ____18____ a grup f yunger actrs including Mia Chi, Li Shilng and Jing Xi. “When we started wrking n adapting Shakespeare’s plays, we kept asking questins — varius questins that culd help us t understand the playwright’s ____19____ (intent),” says Li Liuyi, wh als wrks with the Beijing Peple’s Art Theater and ____20____ wrks cver traditinal
Chinese peras, avant-garde plays, Western peras and ballet.
【答案】17. arguably
18. with 19. intentin
20. whse
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国一些演员参演了莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：在为中国剧院增光添彩的莎士比亚所有作品中，《哈姆雷特》无疑是中国观众中最著名的。此处应用副词arguably作状语，修饰形容词famus，故填arguably。
【18题详解】
考查介词。句意：中国资深演员胡军、濮存希和吕方将担任主演，还有苗驰、李世龙和井溪等年轻演员。alng with固定搭配，意为“和，一起”，故填with。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：“当我们开始改编莎士比亚的戏剧时，我们不断地提出问题——各种各样的问题可以帮助我们理解剧这一作家的意图，”同样在北京人民艺术剧院工作的李六乙说，他的作品涵盖了中国传统戏曲、前卫戏剧、西方歌剧和芭蕾舞。此处应用名词intentin作宾语，表示这个剧作家的意图，为单数意义，故填intentin。
【20题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：“当我们开始改编莎士比亚的戏剧时，我们不断地提出问题——各种各样的问题可以帮助我们理解剧这一作家的意图，”同样在北京人民艺术剧院工作的李六乙说，他的作品涵盖了中国传统戏曲、前卫戏剧、西方歌剧和芭蕾舞。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Li Liuyi，指人，且关系词在从句中作定语，应用whse引导，故填whse。
第三节 选词填空(共10小题;每小题2分，共20分)
阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词或词组并用其正确形式填空。
21. I dn’t feel I’m achieving my full ________ in my present jb.
22. Despite ________ the game, United culdn’t scre and lst 2-0.
cnvince dminate cmmit apply neself t get n
be t blame pur ptential wipe ut invlve
23. Yu’ll have t wrk hard if yu want t ________ in life.
24. Whle villages ________ by the flds, which astnished everyne present.
25. A recent pinin piece suggests children are ut f cntrl, and it’s parents wh ________.
26. A study ________ lng-distance runners is being dne at the Medical Center.
27. It’s useless trying t ________ her (that) she desn’t need t lse any weight.
28. Yung peple must ________ the present and keep their eyes firmly fixed n their futures.
29. He ________ himself t prducing a new album as a gift t his father.
30. Since the earthquake struck, ffers f help ________ in frm all ver the cuntry.
【答案】21. ptential
22. dminating
23. get n 24. were wiped ut
25. are t blame
26. invlving
27. cnvince
28. apply themselves t
29. cmmitted
30. have pured
【解析】
【21题详解】
考查名词。句意：我觉得我在目前的工作中没有充分发挥潜力。此处应用名词作宾语，表示“潜能”为名词ptential，不可数，故填ptential。
【22题详解】
考查动词。句意：尽管占据了比赛的主导地位，但曼联未能进球，最终以 2-0 落败。此处表示“在……中占首要地位”为动词dminate，作介词despite的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填dminating。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：如果你想成功，你就必须努力工作。此处表示“成功，过上好日子”应用固定搭配get n in life，由不定式t可知，动词get应用原形，故填get n。
【24题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：整个村庄都被洪水冲毁了，这让在场的所有人都感到震惊。此处表示“彻底摧毁”，为动词短语wipe ut，和主语villages是被动关系，且表示过去发生的事，应用一般过去时的被动语
态，主语是复数，be动词应用were，故填were wiped ut。
【25题详解】
考查固定搭配和时态。句意：最近一篇评论文章表明，孩子失控，责任在父母。此处表示“某人应该受到责备”为固定搭配sb. be t blame，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，此处是强调句，即it be+强调内容+wh/that+其他，此处强调主语parents，be动词应用are，故填are t blame。
【26题详解】
考查动词。句意：医疗中心正在进行一项针对长跑运动员的研究。此处表示“包含，涉及”应用动词invlve，句中有谓语，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，study和动词invlve是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，故填invlving。
【27题详解】
考查动词。句意：试图说服她不需要减肥是没有用的。此处表示“说服”为动词cnvince，由不定式t可知，用动词原形，故填cnvince。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：青年人要立足当前，着眼未来。此处表示“专心于；致力于”应用动词短语apply neself t，由情态动词must可知，动词apply应用原形，主语是peple，反身代词应用themselve。故填apply themselve t。
【29题详解】
考查动词。句意：他致力于制作一张新专辑作为送给父亲的礼物。此处表示“致力于做某事”为动词短语cmmit neself t ding sth.，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填cmmitted。
【30题详解】
考查动词。句意：地震发生以来，全国各地纷纷伸出援助之手。此处表示“涌入”为短语pur in，由since the earthquake struck可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词应用have。故填have pured。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，共30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Dear Teresa Silva,
The fficial f the university has reprted t us that yu are an English majr wh meets the high standards fr membership in Sigma Tau Delta. As is knwn, Sigma Tau Delta was funded in 1924 at Dakta Wesleyan
University. It is an internatinal cllegiate hnr sciety fr students f English. It presently has ver 850 chapters in the United States, Eurpe, the Middle East, and the Caribbean. Over 9,000 new members are admitted int the rganizatin annually.
Sigma Tau Delta’s purpse is t prmte literature and writing and t advance the study f the written wrd. Members gather annually in the spring at the internatinal meeting t present papers and share experiences and ideas within the English subject. The Sciety ffers tens f thusands f dllars in schlarships, awards, as well as publicatin chances in its jurnals The Rectangle and The Sigma Tau Delta Review.
It is ur pleasure if yu can cmplete the applicatin fr Sigma Tau Delta membership. If yu wuld like t be included in this spring’s inductin (入会) ceremny, please cmplete the applicatin frm, and include amunt t cver bth lcal and internatinal fees. Yur cmpleted frm must be received by date t be cnsidered fr the upcming inductin ceremny.
We cngratulate yu n yur utstanding academic recrd and hpe yu will jin us as a Sigma Tau Delta member. If yu want t get mre infrmatin, please visit ur website , r give us a call. The phne number is 583-2864.
Sincerely,
Emily Lister
31. Accrding t the passage, Sigma Tau Delta ______.
A. deals with language learning
B. pens its dr t all the students f English
C. changes its members every year
D. mainly takes charge f scientific publicatins
32. At the annual meeting, members f Sigma Tau Delta have the chance t ______.
A. meet all the chapter leaders
B. receive tens f thusands f dllars
C. share experiences and views
D. chse a particular subject as a majr
33. This passage is basically a letter f _____.
A. intrductinB. cngratulatinC. thanksD. invitatin
【答案】31. A 32. C 33. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一封邀请信，从介绍Sima的性质、目的、入会的一些活动，到最后发出邀请函。
31题详解】
推理理解题。从第二段Sigma’s purpse 可知答案为A.
【32题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段第二句话可知答案为C.
【33题详解】
体裁判断题。从文章的最后两段可知，本文是一封邀请函。
B
Frm musician and philanthrpist (慈善家) Peter Buffett cmes a warm, wise, and inspiratinal bk that asks, Which will yu chse: the path with least difficulty r the path f ptentially greatest satisfactin?
Yu may think that with a last name like his, Buffett has enjyed a life f endless advantage. But the sn f billinaire Warren Buffett says that the nly real thing handed dwn frm his father was: Build yur wn path in life. It is a principle that has allwed him t fllw his wn interests, establish his wn identity, and gain his wn successes.
In Life Is What Yu Make It, Buffett describes the strng set f values given t him by his trusting and bradminded mther, his hardwrking and talented father, and the many life teachers he has met alng the way.
Tday’s sciety, Buffett believes, has changed a lt. Peple begin t enjy what they d, with a wealth ethic (财富伦理), hnr the payff instead f the prcess. Yet, by fcusing less n reward, we can pen drs f pprtunity and wrk hard tward a greater sense f satisfactin.
In clear and brief terms, Buffett explains a great truth: Life cannt be predicted and desn’t have a secnd chance, neither fair nr unfair. We see that ur jurney in life seldm fllws a straight line but is ften met with false starts, difficulties, and mistakes. Hw we push thrugh and dn’t give up at these challenging mments is where we begin t create the life f ur dreams — frm discvering ur careers t giving back t thers.
Persnal and instructive, Life Is What Yu Make It is abut challenging yur cnditin, taking cntrl f yur wn life and living it t the fullest.
34. What des Peter Buffett value mst abut his mther?
A. Intelligence.B. Independence.C. Bradmindedness.D. Hard wrk.
35. Which prverb can best express the main idea f the fifth paragraph?
A. Nbdy is perfect.B. Life is full f ups and dwns.
C. Where there is a will, there is a way.D. Failure is the mther f success.
36. Which f the fllwing is NOT true abut Peter Buffett?
A He wrks n music.B. His father is very rich.
C. He wrte Life Is What Yu Make It.D. He thinks sciety has changed fr the better.
37. What is the main purpse f the text?
A. T intrduce a bk.B. T describe a writer.
C. T talk abut what life is abut.D. T discuss hw t live a meaningful life.
【答案】34. C 35. B 36. D 37. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴菲特的书Life Is What Yu Make It里所蕴含的价值观。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“In Life Is What Yu Make It, Buffett describes the strng set f values given t him by his trusting and bradminded mther(在《人生由你创造》一书中，巴菲特描述了他信任且心胸宽广的母亲赋予他的一套强有力的价值观)”可知，彼得·巴菲特最看重他母亲心胸宽广这一品质，故选C。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段“In clear and brief terms, Buffett explains a great truth: Life cannt be predicted and desn’t have a secnd chance, neither fair nr unfair. We see that ur jurney in life seldm fllws a straight line but is ften met with false starts, difficulties, and mistakes. Hw we push thrugh and dn’t give up at these challenging mments is where we begin t create the life f ur dreams — frm discvering ur careers t giving back t thers.(巴菲特用简洁明了的语言阐述了一个伟大的真理：人生无法预测，也没有第二次机会，既不公平也不。我们发现，我们的人生旅程很少是一帆风顺的，而是常常会遇到错误的开始、困难和错误。我们如何在这些充满挑战的时刻坚持下去并且不放弃，是我们开始创造梦想生活的地方——从发现我们的职业到回馈他人)”可知，第五段的主要介绍了生活是起起伏伏的，故选B。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Tday’s sciety, Buffett believes, has changed a lt. Peple begin t enjy what they d, with a wealth ethic (财富伦理), hnr the payff instead f the prcess. Yet, by fcusing less n reward, we can pen drs f pprtunity and wrk hard tward a greater sense f satisfactin.(巴菲特认为，当今社会已经发生了很大变化。人们开始享受他们所做的事情，带着财富伦理，尊重回报而不是过程。然而，通过减少对奖励的关注，我们可以打开机会之门，并努力获得更大的满足感。)”可知，巴菲特认为当今社会人们更加关注结果而非过程，他建议减少对奖励的关注，即减少对结果的关注转而更加注重过程，这样才会打开
机会之门，由此可知，巴菲特并没有认为社会在变得更好，相反他认为社会变得更坏，故选D。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“In Life Is What Yu Make It, Buffett describes the strng set f values given t him by his trusting and bradminded mther, his hardwrking and talented father, and the many life teachers he has met alng the way.(在《人生由你创造》一书中，巴菲特描述了他信任且心胸宽广的母亲、勤奋而才华横溢的父亲以及他一路走来遇到的许多人生导师赋予他的强大价值观)”和最后一段“Persnal and instructive, Life Is What Yu Make It is abut challenging yur cnditin, taking cntrl f yur wn life and living it t the fullest.(个性化且具有启发性的《生活由你创造》讲述的是挑战自己的状况、掌控自己的生活并充分享受生活)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴菲特的书Life Is What Yu Make It里所蕴含的价值观，由此可推知，文章的目的是介绍一本书，故选A。
C
Life in the Clear
Transparent animals let light pass thrugh their bdies the same way light passes thrugh a windw. These animals typically live between the surface f the cean and a depth f abut 3,300 feet---as far as mst light can reach. Mst f them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple tuch. Snke Jhnsen, a scientist in bilgy, says, “These animals live thrugh their life alne. They never tuch anything unless they’re eating it, r unless smething is eating them.”
And they are as clear as glass. Hw des an animal becme see-thrugh? It s trickier than yu might think.
The bjects arund yu are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But sme materials slw and scatter (散射) light, buncing it away frm its riginal path. Others absrb light, stpping it dead in its tracks. Bth scattering and absrptin make an bject lk different frm ther bjects arund it, s yu can see it easily.
But a transparent bject desn’t absrb r scatter light, at least nt very much. Light can pass thrugh it withut bending r stpping. That means a transparent bject desn’t lk very different frm the surrunding air r water. Yu dn’t see it yu see the things behind it.
T becme transparent, an animal needs t keep its bdy frm absrbing r scattering light. Living materials can stp light because they cntain pigments (色素) that absrb specific clrs f light. But a transparent animal desn’t have pigments, s its tissues wn’t absrb light. Accrding t Jhnsen, aviding absrptin is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light frm scattering.
Animals are built f many different materials---skin, fat, and mre---and light mves thrugh each at a
different speed. Every time light mves int a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks t fight scattering. Sme animals are simply very small r extremely flat. Withut much tissue t scatter light, it is easier t be see-thrugh. Others build a large, clear mass f nn-living jelly-like (果冻状的) material and spread themselves ver it.
Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have t make all the different tissues in their bdies slw dwn light exactly as much as water des. They need t lk unifrm. But hw they’re ding it is still unknwn. One thing is clear: fr these larger animals, staying transparent is an active prcess. When they die, they turn a nn-transparent milky white.
38. Accrding t Paragraph 1,transparent animals .
A. stay in grupsB. can be easily damaged
C. appear nly in deep ceanD. are beautiful creatures
39. The underlined wrd “dead” in Paragraph 3 means .
A. silentlyB. gradually
C. regularlyD. cmpletely
40. One way fr an animal t becme transparent is t .
A. change the directin f light travelB. gather materials t scatter light
C. avid the absrptin f lightD. grw bigger t stp light
41. The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals .
A. mve mre slwly in deep water
B stay see-thrugh even after death
C. prduce mre tissues fr their survival
D. take effective actin t reduce light spreading
【答案】38. B 39. D 40. C 41. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了生活在海洋的透明生物的特点，透明原理，以及形成机制。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三行“Mstf them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple tuch”可知，透明动物是很容易受伤的。故选B。
【39题详解】
词义猜测题。该词出现在文章第三段第三行。前文提到了：你能看到的物体一种是对光线进行了散射；而另外一种是对光线的吸收。既然吸收了，那在光的传播过程中就完全阻止了，因此这里dead是完全的意思。故选D。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“T becme transparent, an animal needs t keep its bdy frm absrbing r scattering light.”可知，想变透明就要避免散射或吸收光线，因此其中的一个方法是C选项，避免光线的吸收。故选C。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的“Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have t make all the different tissues in their bdies slw dwn light exactly as much as water des. ”可知，体型较大的透明动物面临的挑战最大，因为它们必须让体内所有不同的组织减缓光线的速度，就像减缓水的速度一样。由此判断出，他在最后一段告诉我们，更大的透明动物会采取有效的行动来减少光的扩散。故选D。
D
It tk me mre than 10 years t realize that the wrld has n shrtage f fashin (时尚) designers wh have the ability t make trendy and elegant garments, but that it is badly in need f, simply, clthes designers. My wn definitins wuld set fashin and clthing greatly apart. It is a fact that, in the shpping malls, there are plenty f beautiful garments whse unpredictability makes ur life clrful and interesting. Yu are almst cnvinced: Yu can buy whatever yu dare t think.
There is n dubt that fashin designers are usually with high qualificatins. They study fashin trends, select clrs, and make sure the final prductin f their designs is dne prperly. Hwever, as experience grew with age, my attractin t arts became ever strnger. I have a strng desire fr clthing t stand as des paint t the painter, as des stne t the sculptr, as a simple and particular language f an individual creatin, which draws the audience frm an appreciatin f the surface t deeper thughts with the wrld f the sul. I believe that the mst meaningful creative mtives shuld arise thrugh caring fr ther peple, the great care f humanity — a cncern fr human feeling and spirituality. This includes lve, but it is bigger than lve, and it is uncnditinal. I believe the greatest wrks f art can tuch the deepest and strngest parts f human feelings and the wrld f the spirit, and nly these wrks can be the memries f histry, preserving the mst valuable feelings that have ever existed, and inspiring a greater awareness f urselves.
I am nt satisfied if peple nly appreciate clthing if it merely satisfies their desire. I believe clthing culd be a specific creative language fr cmmunicating ideas and thughts, fr inspiring yu and shaping yur behavir. Thse clthes fashined ut f necessity pssess a pwer that can cntinue t exist acrss the ages. This is what I have tried t achieve, the clthing t return t its riginal simplicity, the clthing t help peple regain the natural sense. The true fashin tday shuld nt fllw the trends. It shuld instead uncver the extrardinary in the rdinary, fr. I believe the pleasure yu get frm the clthing is nt its price, but its spirit.
42. Accrding t the writer, mst fashin designers are ______.
A. lack f imaginatinB. deep in thughtC. unprductiveD. trendy
43. By saying “This includes lve” in Paragraph 2, the writer regards “lve” as ______.
A. a very imprtant part f the spiritual wrld
B. a frm f cncern fr human feeling and spirituality
C. ne f the mst meaningful creative mtivatins
D. what can be achieved thrugh the wrks f hand
44. The writer indicates that the primitive clthes are made as a result f ______.
A. respect fr natureB. spiritual valueC. necessityD. simplicity
45. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Humanity is fundamental in fashin design.
B. The grwing fashin trends present human interest.
C. Designers must cncern fr the desire f cnsumers.
D. Fashin clthes have clse relatins with earth predictins.
【答案】42. D 43. B 44. C 45. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者主要讲述了对时尚设计和服装设计的不同看法，强调了时尚设计应该关注人性和精神世界，作者认为关注人的需求是时装设计的基础。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“It tk me mre than 10 years t realize that the wrld has n shrtage f fashin (时尚) designers wh have the ability t make trendy and elegant garments, but that it is badly in need f, simply, clthes designers. (我用了十多年的时间才意识到，世界上并不缺少有能力制作出新潮、优雅服装的时尚设计师，但最需要的，只是服装设计师。)”可知，作者认为大部分时装设计师是时髦的，故选D。
【43题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“I believe the greatest wrks f art can tuch the deepest and strngest parts f human feelings and the wrld f the spirit, and nly these wrks can be the memries f histry, preserving the mst valuable feelings that have ever existed, and inspiring a greater awareness f urselves.(我相信最伟大的艺术作品能够触及人类情感最深、最强烈的部分和精神世界，也只有这些作品才能成为历史的记忆，保留曾经存在过的最有价值的情感，并激发更多的认识。我们自己。)”可推知，通过在第2段中说“这包括爱”，作者将“爱”视为对人类情感和精神的关注，故选B。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thse clthes fashined ut f necessity pssess a pwer that can cntinue t exist acrss the ages.(那些因需要而制作的衣服拥有一种可以历代持续存在的力量。)”可知，作者指出，最初衣服是满足需要而制作的，故选C。
【45题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第二段中“I believe that the mst meaningful creative mtives shuld arise thrugh caring fr ther peple, the great care f humanity — a cncern fr human feeling and spirituality. (我相信，最有意义的创作动机应该来自于对他人的关心，对人性的极大关怀——对人类情感和灵性的关注。)”和最后一段中“I believe clthing culd be a specific creative language fr cmmunicating ideas and thughts, fr inspiring yu and shaping yur behavir. Thse clthes fashined ut f necessity pssess a pwer that can cntinue t exist acrss the ages. This is what I have tried t achieve, the clthing t return t its riginal simplicity, the clthing t help peple regain the natural sense. The true fashin tday shuld nt fllw the trends. It shuld instead uncver the extrardinary in the rdinary, fr. I believe the pleasure yu get frm the clthing is nt its price, but its spirit.(我相信服装可以成为一种特定的创意语言，用于交流想法和想法，激励你并塑造你的行为。那些因需要而制作的衣服拥有一种可以历代持续存在的力量。这就是我一直努力要达到的目标，让服装返璞归真，让服装帮助人们重拾自然感。当今真正的时尚不应该追随潮流。相反，它应该揭示平凡中的非凡之处。我相信你从衣服中获得的乐趣不是它的价格，而是它的精神。)”可知，文章主要论述了作者的观点，即作者认为关注人的需求，即人性化，是时装设计的基础。故选A。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What I Think f Bxing as a SprtBxing is a ppular sprt. Newspapers, magazines and sprts prgrammes n TV frequently cver bxing matches. It culd be the tughest f all sprts t survive. It takes bxers hurs in the
gym and years t develp the specific characteristics needed t be a great bxer. ___46___
It seems t me that sme peple, especially men, find it appealing because it is an aggressive sprt. When they watch a bxing match, they can identify with the winning bxer. This gives them the feeling f being a winner themselves. ___47___They d that because the bxer cmes frm their wn cuntry, and if “their” bxer lses, they ften feel as if they have lst a fight themselves. It is a fact that many peple have feelings f aggressin frm time t time, but they cannt shw their aggressin in their everyday lives. Watching a bxing match gives them a way f expressing it．
___48___Althugh bxers wear glves during the fights, and amateur bxers even have t wear helmets, a kind f strng hard hat, there have frequently been accidents in bth prfessinal and amateur bxing, smetimes with dramatic cnsequences. Bxers have suffered frm head injuries, and, ccasinally, fighters have even been killed as a result f being kncked ut in the ring. ___49___They are usually in the frm f serius brain damage, even if a bxer has never been kncked ut.
T cnclude, I am persnally nt at all in favr f aggressive sprts like bxing．___50___We can celebrate mre men and wmen frm nn-aggressive sprts as ur heres in ur sciety. I believe that the wrld is aggressive enugh already! Of curse, peple like cmpetitive sprts, and s d I, but I think that hitting ther peple in an aggressive way is nt smething that shuld be regarded as a sprt．
A. Hwever, bxing can be a very dangerus sprt.
B. Smetimes fans are rting fr a particular bxer.
C. In bxing, fighters are required t hit a mving target.
D. Many fans are drawn t the sprt because they lve the cmpetitin.
E. Perhaps that is the reasn why successful bxers are treated as big heres.
F. I think it wuld be better if less time was given t aggressive sprts n TV.
G. Besides, studies have shwn that there are ften lng-term effects f bxing.
【答案】46. E 47. B 48. A 49. G 50. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们描述了关于拳击的一些信息，拳击是一项受欢迎的运动，但也十分危险。
【46题详解】
上文“It takes bxers hurs in the gym and years t develp the specific characteristics needed t be a great bxer. (拳击手需要在健身房里锻炼几个小时，还要花上几年的时间才能形成成为一名优秀拳击手所需的特定特
征)”解释了成功的拳击手被视为英雄的原因。空格处与上文是因果关系，所以E选项“也许这就是为什么成功的拳击手被视为英雄的原因。”符合语境。故选E项。
【47题详解】
由下文“They d that because the bxer cmes frm their wn cuntry, and if “their” bxer lses, they ften feel as if they have lst a fight themselves. (他们这样做是因为拳击手来自他们自己的国家，如果“他们的”拳击手输了，他们通常会觉得自己输掉了一场比赛)”可知，自己的拳击手输了会感到难过的人应该是被支持某个拳击手的粉丝。B选项“有时候粉丝会支持某位拳击手。”能引起下文，构成顺承关系，符合语境，下文中They指代的应该是那些拳击手的粉丝，故选B项。
【48题详解】
下文“Althugh bxers wear glves during the fights, and amateur bxers even have t wear helmets, a kind f strng hard hat, there have frequently been accidents in bth prfessinal and amateur bxing, smetimes with dramatic cnsequences. Bxers have suffered frm head injuries, and, ccasinally, fighters have even been killed as a result f being kncked ut in the ring. (虽然拳击手在比赛中戴手套，业余拳击手甚至必须戴头盔，这是一种结实的安全帽，但职业拳击和业余拳击都经常发生事故，有时会造成严重后果。拳击手头部受伤，有时拳击手甚至因在拳击场被击倒而死亡)”讲拳击运动的危险性。A选项“然而，拳击可能是一项非常危险的运动。”引起下文，符合语境。故选A项。
【49题详解】
由上文“Bxers have suffered frm head injuries, and, ccasinally, fighters have even been killed as a result f being kncked ut in the ring. (拳击手头部受伤，有时拳击手甚至因在拳击场被击倒而死亡)”和下文“They are usually in the frm f serius brain damage, even if a bxer has never been kncked ut. (即使拳击手从未被击倒，通常也会造成严重的脑损伤)”可知，上下文在讲拳击运动的危险性和不利影响。G选项“此外，研究表明拳击通常会产生长期影响。”承上启下，符合语境。故选G项。
50题详解】
上文“T cnclude, I am persnally nt at all in favr f aggressive sprts like bxing.(总而言之，我个人一点也不支持拳击等攻击性运动)”表达作者对拳击运动观点。F选项“我认为，如果电视上少一些时间播放攻击性的体育运动会更好。”承接上文，符合语境。故选F项。