北京市第八十中学2024-2025学年高三上学期12月月考英语试卷（Word版附解析）

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2024.12
本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Brittany was having ne f thse days when things just kept ging wrng. She was tired and stressed as she left ftball practice with all three f her kids. With everyne wrn ut frm the busy day, Brittany decided t ___1___ dinner frm the McDnald’s n their way hme. Wyatt was the teenager wrking there wh tk her ___2___ that day.
As Brittany pulled up t the drive-thrugh windw t pay, all her kids were crying fr ne reasn r anther. And that’s when it ___3___ Brittany: She’d left her purse at hme.
She lked at the yung man with tears in eyes just frm being ___4___ and annyed and said, “I am s srry but I have t cancel that rder. I left my purse at hme when we went t ftball tnight.”
Befre Brittany culd say anything, Wyatt pulled ut his wallet, swiped his card, and paid fr the meal. As a teenager wrking at McDnald’s, Wyatt prbably desn’t ___5___ much. Yet, he firmly declined all f Brittany’s ___6___ t return and pay him back.
While Wyatt ___7___ shrugged ff what he did, Brittany knew this is just the kind f hpe ur wrld needs right nw. S, she snapped a quick pht and shared her stry n scial media.
“I just want his parents t knw hw KIND & COMPASSIONATE their sn was tnight! He made me realize this is exactly what we parents are trying t d—___8___ great humans,” she wrte.
After cnnecting with Wyatt’s mm, Brittany discvered Wyatt was saving up fr a vehicle. S she started a fundraising campaign nline t help the teen realize his dream. Strangers frm all ver the cuntry lved Brittany’s stry. The humble teenager ___9___ and encuraged them. Befre lng, Brittany cllected ver $40,000 frm the fundraiser!
“I dn’t knw hw t put it int wrds because f just hw crazy it was,” Wyatt said. “It’s just a small act f
____10____ and everything blew up and it’s just amazing t think that smething like that can get yu this far.”
1. A. ckB. haveC. grabD. serve
2. A. placeB. wrdC. rderD. bill
3 A. hitB. beatC. remindedD. infrmed
4. A. nervusB. gratefulC. scaredD. stressed
5. A. makeB. spendC. wasteD. cllect
6. A. demandsB. prmisesC. suggestinsD. invitatins
7. A. jkinglyB. eagerlyC. humblyD. cautiusly
8. A. raisingB. prtectingC. rememberingD. guiding
9. A. trustedB. instructedC. supprtedD. inspired
10. A. willB. kindnessC. hnestyD. curage
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。布列塔尼去麦当劳买饭时忘了带钱包，麦当劳的工作人员怀亚特帮她付了钱并且拒绝她还钱，布列塔尼被他的善举所感动。
【详解】1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：忙碌了一天，大家都筋疲力尽，布列塔尼决定在回家的路上去麦当劳吃顿饭。A.ck烹饪；B.have有；C.grab吃；D.serve服务。根据 “frm the McDnald’s”可知，此处是指去麦当劳吃晚饭。grab dinner意为“吃晚饭”。故选C。
2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：怀亚特就是那天帮她点单的那个少年。A.place地方； B.wrd单词； C.rder点餐；D.bill账单。根据“wrking there”可知，怀亚特是麦当劳的工作人员，所以此处是指为她点餐。故选C。
3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，布列塔尼想到了这件事:她把钱包忘在家里了。A.hit突然想到；B.beat击败；C.reminded提醒；D.infrmed通知。it hits sb意为“某人想起某事”，此处是指列塔尼想到了她把钱包忘在家里了。故选A。
4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她看着那个年轻人，眼里噙着泪水，只是因为压力和烦恼，说“对不起，取消订单”。A.nervus紧张的；B.grateful感激的；C.scared害怕的；D.stressed有压力的。前文提到她没有带钱包，且and表明此处应填和annyed相近的词，所以是“压力大的”。故选D。
5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个在麦当劳工作的青少年，怀亚特可能挣不了多少钱。A.make赚钱；B.spend花时间或金钱；C.waste浪费；D.cllect收集。根据“As a teenager wrking at McDnald’s”可知，怀
亚特可能挣不了多少钱。故选A。
6.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他坚决地拒绝了布列塔尼要他还钱的所有承诺。A.demands要求；B.prmises承诺；C.suggestins建议；D.invitatins邀请。根据“ return and pay him back.”可知，他坚决地拒绝了布列塔尼要他还钱的所有承诺。故选B。
7.考查副词词义辨析。句意：怀亚特谦逊地对他的所作所为并没有多想，而布里特妮知道这正是我们的世界现在需要的希望。A.jkingly开玩笑地；B.eagerly热切地；C.humbly谦逊地； D.cautiusly谨慎地。根据后文“The humble teenager”（这位谦逊地青年）可知，怀亚特很谦逊。故选C。
8.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他让我意识到这正是我们做父母的努力——培养伟大的人。A.raising养育；B.prtecting保护；C.remembering记住；D.guiding引导。根据“what we parents are trying t d”以及“great humans”可知，此处是指父母培养伟大的人。故选A。
9.考查动词辨词义析。句意：这个谦逊的青年鼓舞和鼓励了他们。A.trusted信任； B.instructed指导；C.supprted支持；D.inspired鼓舞。根据“ encurage”可知，此处应用和encurage词义相近的词语，且这个青年的行为让她很感动，所以是“鼓舞”。故选D。
10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只是一个小小的善举，一切都被放大了，想到这样的事情能让你走到这一步，真是太不可思议了。A.will意愿；B.kindness善意；C.hnesty诚实；D.curage勇气。根据前文可知，怀亚特不求回报地帮助了布列塔尼，所以是善举。故选B。
第二节 语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
One f China’s largest hanfu-themed events, the annual Hanfu Cultural Festival in Xitang ancient twn, East China’s Zhejiang Prvince, ___11___ (hld) frm Octber 28 t 31 last year. Accrding t statistics frm the rganizer, 157,326 visitrs attended the festival, many f ___12___ were hanfu-wearing enthusiasts, called “tngpa”. ___13___ (riginate) frm the cllectin f ancient Chinese petry Bk f Sngs, the wrd tng pa is nw used t describe whever appreciates traditinal Han Chinese clthing.
【答案】11. was held
12. whm 13. Originating
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一年一度的中国最大的汉服主题文化节。
【11题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：作为中国最大的汉服主题活动之一，一年一度的汉服文化节于去年10月28日至31日在中国东部浙江省西塘古镇举行。主语the annual Hanfu Cultural Festival与hld之间是被动关系，另外根据时间状语frm Octber 28 t 31 last year可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为Festival，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填was held。
【12题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：据主办方统计，共有157326名游客参加了这个节日，其中许多人都是汉服爱好者，被称为“同袍”。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是157,326 visitrs，做介词f的宾语，指人，应用关系代词whm来引导。故填whm。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“同袍”一词起源于中国古代诗集《诗经》，现在用来形容欣赏中国传统服装的人。分析句子结构可知riginate在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语the wrd tng pa构成主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。句首字母要大写。故填Originating。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A grup f researchers in Califrnia may have fund a way ___14___(help) feed the hungry peple. Stephen Mayfield, a prfessr at the University f Califrnia, studies n algae (藻类). He says, “The wrld, in fact, is nt shrt f calries. ___15___ it is shrt f is prteins and essential fatty acids. Algae are ___16___(natural) very high in prteins and fatty acids and thse are srt f the tw things that the wrld really needs.”
Mayfield and his team have made algae int different kinds f fd. Nt nly is the algae fd rich ___17___ prtein and fatty acids, but it als tastes pretty gd.
【答案】14. t help
15. What 16. naturally
17. in
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加利福尼亚的一组研究人员可能已经找到了一种帮助饥饿的人吃饭的方法。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：加利福尼亚的一组研究人员可能已经找到了一种帮助饥饿的人吃饭的方法。此处为不定式做后置定语修饰way，表示“帮助饥饿的人的方法”。故填t help。
【15题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：它缺乏的是蛋白质和必需脂肪酸。本句为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what。故填What。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：藻类天然富含蛋白质和脂肪酸，这是世界真正需要的两样东西。空处作状语，应用提示词的副词形式。故填naturally。
【17题详解】
考查介词。句意：藻类食物不仅富含蛋白质和脂肪酸，而且味道也很好。短语be rich in为“在……充足/充裕”之意。故填in。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since the beginning f the 21st century, artificial intelligence (AI) ___18___ (find) its way in different areas in the entertainment industry. Disney, which is ne f the wrld’s leading entertainment ___19___ (cmpany), has decided t make use f the technlgy in ____20____ (it) theme parks, where rbt cartn characters will sn walk amng guests. Disney has als the rbt Mickey Muse and Dnald Duck t cmmunicate with turists.
“I think AI is ging t be greatly imprtant fr what we d,” said Jn Snddy, an fficial f the entertainment cmpany. “Rbt characters that can mve arund amng ur guests need t understand where they're ging and knw hw t behave in a wrld with humans.”
【答案】18. has fund
19. cmpanies
20. its
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能在娱乐领域的发展方向。
【18题详解】
考查时态。句意：进入21世纪以来，人工智能(AI)已经在娱乐产业的不同领域找到了自己的发展方向。此处Since“自从……以来”，句子用现在完成时态，且主语artificial intelligence (AI)是单数第三人称形式，谓语动词用has。故答案为has fund。
【19题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：作为世界领先的娱乐公司之一，迪斯尼决定在其主题公园中使用这项技术，在那
里，机器人卡通人物将很快在游客中行走。ne f +名词复数。故答案为cmpanies。
【20题详解】
考查代词。句意：作为世界领先的娱乐公司之一，迪斯尼决定在其主题公园中使用这项技术，在那里，机器人卡通人物将很快在游客中行走。名词theme parks前用形容词性物主代。故答案为its。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Emergencies are scary, but there is nw a new smart ring n the market that will quickly call fr help when yu need it mst. Meet Nimb, a ring that includes a panic buttn. It lets yu send emergency alerts (警报) t preset cntacts frm its mbile app with the tuch f a thumb. Whether yu are being attacked r experiencing a serius health prblem, Nimb will help keep yu safe and sund.
Smart Ring t the Rescue
The stry behind the develpment with this new technlgy is unique and tuching. In 2010, Kathy Rma, wh is the c-funder and cmmunicatins lead with Nimb, was vilently attacked by a cmplete stranger and was n the brink f death. She suffered multiple stab wunds in a safe neighbrhd, just a few feet away frm a plice statin. Her saving grace wasn’t just her fight and drive t survive, but the call fr help.
Since then, she has been searching t find a way fr thers t have a vice when they，re in need f help and has been a driving frce in the develpment f this new technlgy. And Nimb is easy t use. All yu need t d when yu are in truble is press its buttn fr three secnds and an instant message will be sent t yur cntacts. Yur cntacts will get instant emergency alerts n their smartphnes and tablets. This smart ring tracks yur exact lcatin in real time and yur cntacts will knw where yu are at all times.
Nimb’s app includes an alert card, and built-in chat and ntificatin features. The ring is cmpatible (兼容的) with Bluetth 4+, iOS 7+ and Andrid 4+. It is als equipped with a rechargeable LiP Battery that will last abut tw weeks, and is designed t withstand water and dust.
Nimb: Stay Safe in Style
What makes this smart ring extra special is that it is cl and futuristic lking. It cmes in tw clrs: Stealth Black and Classic White. The ring is available in US ring sizes 4-12, which means yu can wear it n any f yur fingers. There’s n dubt this new technlgy will be a hit n the market: everyne wants t have that extra piece
f mind when it cmes t health and safety. Nimb retails fr $129.
21. Nimb is designed t help users ________.
A. relieve pain in stressful situatins
B. warn friends f surrunding dangers
C. call cntacts fr help in emergencies
D. keep track f serius health prblems
22. Kathy Rma gt the idea f Nimb frm________.
A. her experience f being attacked
B. her desire t have a vice in technlgy
C. her dream f funding her wn cmpany
D. her drive t survive frm a serius disease
23. Hw d yu use Nimb when yu are in truble?
A. By editing an emergency message.
B. By pressing a buttn fr three secnds.
C. By tracking the lcatin f preset cntacts.
D. By sending alerts t the smartphnes nearby.
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的智能戒指Nimb，可以在你最需要它的时候迅速呼救，无论是正在遭受攻击还是在经历严重的健康问题，它都可以帮助人保持安全和健康。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Emergencies are scary, but there is nw a new smart ring n the market that will quickly call fr help when yu need it mst.(紧急情况是可怕的，但现在市场上有一种新的智能戒指，可以在你最需要它的时候迅速呼救。)”可知，新型戒指Nimb可以在人最需要它的时候迅速呼救。故答案选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In 2010, Kathy Rma, wh is the c-funder and cmmunicatins lead with Nimb, was vilently attacked by a cmplete stranger and was n the brink f death.( 2010年，Nimb的联合创始人和沟通负责人Kathy Rma被一个完全陌生的人暴力袭击，处于死亡边缘。)” Kathy Rma的个人经历可知，Kathy Rma之前经历过严重的袭击，濒临在死亡的边缘，所以才有了发明Nimb的想法。故答案选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“All yu need t d when yu are in truble is press its buttn fr three secnds and an instant message will be sent t yur cntacts.(当你遇到麻烦时，只需按下它的按钮三秒钟，即时消息就会发送给你的联系人。)”可知，按下Nimb的按钮三秒钟，就可以立马将消息将发送给联系人。故答案选B。
B
It was a reading class. While all her classmates were flying thrugh the 2nd and 3rd bks in the Harry Ptter series, Skye Malik, nly n page fur f the first bk, gt impssibly stuck n the wrd “dughnut”.
Her unexpected difficulty with reading is called dyslexia. Skye gt a prfessinal diagnsis at the end f the 2nd grade. Knwing that ther kids were ging thrugh the same thing made it easier n her smehw. What wasn’t easy, even after all the help she gt frm special tutrs and reading prgrams, was fluent reading. What many peple d withut thinking—reading—she had t struggle with wrd by wrd, smetimes letter by letter. In class, she wuld hear the ther kids flip thrugh the pages n assignments and g n t the questins while she was still ding battle with the first paragraph.
She was as frustrated as she was discuraged. But she didn’t knw f any ther way until her 4th grade teacher, Miss Pllck, tld her abut smething called Learning Ally.
Learning Ally is a nn-prfit rganizatin that ffers audi versins f bks. A crew f vlunteer readers has recrded 75,000 classic nvels, children’s bks, and schl textbks that help mre than 300,000 students and adults with learning differences r wh are blind. Nw Skye culd listen t the bks with her ears and fllw the wrds with her eyes n the page. Instead f having her mther read her textbks t her, she culd independently d her wrk. “With Learning Ally, I feel cnfident and capable and can easily keep up with my classmates,” Skye explains, “and I want ther kids t feel empwered, just the way I did.”
S Skye nw aged 16, created The Pac Prject which was named after her grandfather whse nickname was “Pac”. The Pac Prject is a fundraiser and educatinal initiative fcusing n giving students with dyslexia access t the same Learning Ally technlgy that changed her life.
Skye has realized that she is ne f the lucky kids wh have been diagnsed. She knws that educating teachers abut dyslexia and giving students with the learning challenge the tls they need is a great first step in meeting dyslexia head n, and helping them be cnfident, capable students.
“Right nw they feel stuck — ashamed, unsure and insecure abut their schl wrk. If I culd help stp these
students feeling this way, that wuld mean the wrld t me.”
24. Accrding t the passage, Skye ________.
A. fund a way ut with the help f Miss Pllck
B. felt annyed at being teased by her classmates
C. preferred reading the first bk f Harry Ptter
D. was diagnsed with dyslexia in her furth grade
25. The Pac Prject was created ________.
A. t prmte Learning Ally technlgy
B. t empwer thse with reading difficulty
C. with inspiratin frm Skye5s grandfather
D. in respnse t the grwing demands f teachers
26. The passage is mainly abut ________.
A. what peple with dyslexia are suffering
B. what measures are needed t beat dyslexia
C. hw Learning Ally influenced peple with dyslexia
D. hw Skye battled against dyslexia and helped thers
【答案】24. A 25. B 26. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Skye Malik作为一名有阅读障碍的孩子，在老师 pllck的帮助下，使用了可提供有声读物的非盈利性组织Learning Ally帮助她顺利地听到了很多书。等Skye长大后，创立了一个名为Pac的项目，给有阅读障碍的孩子们提供帮助，她希望更多的孩子可以因为她的帮助过上正常和美好的生活。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But she didn’t knw f any ther way until her 4th grade teacher, Miss Pllck, tld her abut smething called Learning Ally.(但是她不知道其他的方法，直到她四年级的老师Pllck小姐告诉她一个叫做Learning Ally的东西。)”可知，Skye是通过Pllck老师知道了Learning Ally，所以是在Pllck小姐的帮助下找到了解决办法。故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The Pac Prject is a fundraiser and educatinal initiative fcusing n giving students with dyslexia access t the same Learning Ally technlgy that changed her life.( Pac项目是一个资金
筹集者和教育倡议，致力于让有诵读困难的学生使用改变她生活的“学习联盟”技术。)”可知，Pac项目和 Learning Ally一样，是致力于让有诵读困难的学生改变生活的项目。故选B。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，Skye是一个阅读障碍患者，通过他人的帮助，对抗这个病症，并在长大后也开始帮助其他阅读障碍患者的故事。故选D。
C
Vaccines(疫苗) may sn make their first film appearance. Led by expert Maria A. Cryle, researchers have develped a thin sheet that preserves vaccines fr lng perids withut refrigeratin. This means the carefully cled small bttles nw used t ship vaccines culd ptentially be replaced by lightweight films that can be mailed in an envelpe and stred n a shelf.
Cryle’s labratry began develping the technlgy in 2007. Inspired by amber’s ability t preserve the DNA f insects, the researchers set ut t create their wn versin f the substance by mixing “a lt f sugar and a little bit f salt, much like hard candy,” Cryle explains. The vaccine-cntaining film is administered by muth—sweet news fr many wh dislike needles.
The film is tailred t suit each specific vaccine candidate and prvide a prtective cating. “We’ve learned ver time that the key t really stabilizing whatever the film hlds is t have it intermixed with all the cmpnents,” Cryle says, adding that the prcess is quick and uses affrdable, standard equipment. “We really wanted t cme up with smething that wuld be transferable t develping cuntries.”
Immunizatin(免疫) prgrams depend heavily n keeping vaccines cld(2℃-8℃) as they are transprted, smetimes ver thusands f kilmeters t far-away lcatins. Delivery can be difficult and cstly, and transprt disruptins can cause the vaccines t be ineffective.
But this new prduct can stre live viruses, bacteria and antibdies fr several mnths at 20℃. In a paper published in Science Advances, the scientists shw that the live viruses in ne vaccine were preserved in the film even after 36 mnths. They als find that a flu vaccine suspended in their film cmpares favurably with a traditinal flu sht(流感预防针). “The study demnstrates early prf f cncept fr an exciting platfrm fr vaccine prduct develpment,” says Lisa Rhan, a pharmaclgist, wh was nt invlved in the study. She als ntes that each vaccine type wuld need a custm frmulatin(配方) fr future stages f develpment.
Finding partners t mass-prduce fr clinical trials is the researchers’ mst pressing prblem, Cryle says. They are als explring packaging methds t keep their films stable up t 40℃.
Size is a majr advantage—a letter-sized sheet f the film can carry mre than 500 dses(剂) f vaccine, abut
1⁄900 the weight f the same amunt f traditinal dses. By making it easier and cheaper t ship and preserve vaccines efficiently, Cryle says, the technlgy culd vastly imprve immunizatin rates the wrld ver, particularly in middle- t lw- incme cuntries.
27. What can we learn abut the film?
A. It cntains animal’s DNA.B. It will replace vaccines.
C. It cmes in different flavurs.D. It can hld bi-prducts.
28. Accrding t Paragraph 3, we can learn abut the film’s ________.
A. key cmpnentB. develpment schedule
C. pssible advantagesD. transprtatin requirements
29. The authr mentins Lisa Rhan’s wrds t ________.
A. advise persnalizing vaccines
B. suggest the prduct is prmising
C. prve the study is supprted widely
D. stress the functins f a new platfrm
30. What will be the next urgent task fr Cryle’s team?
A. Advertising the film wrldwide.B. Imprving the film’s capacity.
C. Reducing the shipping cst.D. Seeking ideal manufacturers.
【答案】27. D 28. C 29. B 30. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科研团队研发出了一种可以长时间保存疫苗而无需冷藏的薄片，描述了它的功能和潜在价值。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Led by expert Maria A. Cryle, researchers have develped a thin sheet that preserves vaccines fr lng perids withut refrigeratin.”（在专家Maria A . Cryle的带领下，研究人员开发出了一种可以长时间保存疫苗而无需冷藏的薄片。）可知，这种薄膜可以装生物制品。故选D项。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The film is tailred t suit each specific vaccine candidate and prvide a prtective cating.”（该薄膜是量身定制的，以适合每种特定的候选疫苗，提供一种保护涂层。）“the key t really stabilizing whatever the film hlds is t have it intermixed with all the cmpnents”（真正使这种薄膜无论容纳什么都稳定的关键是将其与所有成分混合）以及“the prcess is quick and uses affrdable, standard
equipment.”（这一过程是快速的，使用了负担得起的标准设备。）可推断，第三段主要讲了薄膜的可能的优势。故选C项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“‘The study demnstrates early prf f cncept fr an exciting platfrm fr vaccine prduct develpment,’says Lisa Rhan(丽莎罗翰说：“这项研究为一个令人兴奋的疫苗产品开发平台提供了早期的概念证明”)”可推断，作者引用Lisa Rhan的话来暗示这个产品很有前途。故选B项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Finding partners t mass-prduce fr clinical trials is the researchers’ mst pressing prblem, Cryle says.”（克罗伊尔说，寻找大规模生产用于临床试验的合作伙伴是研究人员最紧迫的问题。）可知，克罗伊团队的下一个紧急任务是寻求理想的制造商。故选D项。
D
Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Fundatin f the General Thery f Relativity” is the first and still the best intrductin t the subject, and I recmmend it as such t students. But it prbably wuldn’t be publishable in a scientific jurnal tday.
Why nt? After all, it wuld pass with flying clurs the tests f crrectness and significance. And while ppular belief hlds that the paper was incmprehensible t its first readers, in fact many papers in theretical physics are much mre difficult.
As the physicist Richard Feynman wrte, “There was a time when the newspapers said that nly 12 men understd the thery f relativity. I d believe there might have been a time when nly ne man did, because he was the nly guy wh caught n, befre he wrte his paper. But after peple read the paper, a lt understd the thery f relativity in sme way r ther, certainly mre than 12.”
N, the prblem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philsphical discussin f space and time and then cntinues with an expsitin f knwn mathematics. Thse tw sectins, which wuld be cnsidered extraneus tday, take up half the paper. Wrse, there are zer citatins f previus scientists’ wrk, nr are there any graphics. Thse features might make a paper nt even get past the first editrs.
A similar prcess f prfessinalizatin has transfrmed ther parts f the scientific landscape. Requests fr research time at majr bservatries r natinal labratries are mre rigidly structured. And anything invlving wrk with human subjects, r putting instruments in space, invlves piles f paperwrk.
We see it als in the Regenern Science Talent Search, the Nbel Prize f high schl science cmpetitins. In the early decades f its 78-year histry, the winning prjects were usually the srt f clever but naive, amateurish
effrts ne might expect f talented beginners wrking n their wn. Tday, plished wrk cming ut f internships (实习) at established labratries is the nrm.
These prfessinalizing tendencies are a natural cnsequence f the explsive grwth f mdern science. Standardizatin and system make it easier t manage the rapid flw f papers, applicatins and peple. But there are serius dwnsides. A lt f unprductive effrt ges int jumping thrugh bureaucratic hps (繁文缛节), and utsiders face entry barriers at every turn.
Of curse, Einstein wuld have fund his way t meeting mdern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific cre wuldn’t have changed, but the paper might nt be the same taste t read.
31. Accrding t Richard Feynman, Einstein’s 1915 paper ______.
A. was a classic in theretical physics
B. turned ut t be cmprehensible
C needed further imprvement
D. attracted few prfessinals
32. What des the underlined wrd “extraneus” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Unrealistic.B. Irrelevant.
C. Unattractive.D. Imprecise.
33. Accrding t the authr, what is affected as mdern science develps?
A. The applicatin f research findings.
B. The principle f scientific research.
C. The selectin f yung talents.
D. The evaluatin f labratries.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. What makes Einstein great?
B. Will science be prfessinalized?
C. Culd Einstein get published tday?
D. Hw will mdern science make advances?
【答案】31. B 32. B 33. C 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕爱因斯坦的相对论论文《广义相对论的基础》展开，讨论了该
论文在当代可能无法被科学期刊发表的原因，进而引出科学界专业化趋势的话题。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“As the physicist Richard Feynman wrte, “There was a time when the newspapers said that nly 12 men understd the thery f relativity. I d believe there might have been a time when nly ne man did, because he was the nly guy wh caught n, befre he wrte his paper. But after peple read the paper, a lt understd the thery f relativity in sme way r ther, certainly mre than 12.”(正如物理学家理查德・费曼所写的那样：“曾经有段时间，报纸上说只有 12 个人理解相对论。我确实相信可能曾有那么一个阶段，只有一个人懂，因为在他撰写论文之前，只有他一人领悟了。但在人们读过这篇论文之后，很多人都或多或少地理解了相对论，肯定不止 12 个人。”)”可知，在人们阅读了爱因斯坦的论文之后，很多人都在某种程度上理解了相对论，肯定不止 12 个人能理解。这表明爱因斯坦 1915 年的论文结果是可以被理解的。故选B。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文以及所在句“N, the prblem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philsphical discussin f space and time and then cntinues with an expsitin f knwn mathematics. Thse tw sectins, which wuld be cnsidered extraneus tday, take up half the paper.(不，问题在于它的风格。文章开篇先是对时空进行了一番从容的哲学探讨，接着又对已知的数学知识进行了阐述。如今看来，这两部分会被认为是 “extraneus”，并且它们占据了论文一半篇幅。)”可推测，文中提到爱因斯坦论文的前两部分，先是对时空进行哲学探讨，接着阐述已知数学知识。而从现代科学论文发表的角度来看，这样的内容被视作是多余、不重要的，与论文核心关联性不大的。划线单词的意思和“多余、不重要的”相似。选项B“Irrelevant（不相关的；无关紧要的）”符合这两部分内容在如今看来对于论文主体来说是多余、关联性不强的意思，与原文要表达的逻辑相符。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第六段“We see it als in the Regenern Science Talent Search, the Nbel Prize f high schl science cmpetitins. In the early decades f its 78-year histry, the winning prjects were usually the srt f clever but naive, amateurish effrts ne might expect f talented beginners wrking n their wn. Tday, plished wrk cming ut f internships(实习) at established labratries is the nrm.(我们在 “再生元科学人才搜索”（高中科学竞赛的诺贝尔奖）中也能看到这种情况。在这项有着 78 年历史的赛事的最初几十年里，获奖项目通常是那种有创意但略显幼稚、带有业余性质的成果，是人们可能预想中那些有天赋的初学者独立开展研究所能取得的成果。而如今，在知名实验室实习后完成的成熟作品才是常态。)”可推测，这个高中科学竞赛中，早期获奖项目是有创意但幼稚、业余的初学者作品，而如今是在知名实验室实习后的成熟作品。
这表明在现代科学发展过程中，对于年轻人才的选拔标准发生了变化。故选C。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Fundatin f the General Thery f Relativity” is the first and still the best intrductin t the subject, and I recmmend it as such t students. But it prbably wuldn’t be publishable in a scientific jurnal tday.(阿尔伯特・爱因斯坦 1915 年的杰作《广义相对论的基础》是该领域的首部且至今仍是最佳的入门读物，我也因此向学生们推荐它。但在今天，它可能不会在科学期刊上发表了。)”以及全文内容可知，文章开篇以爱因斯坦 1915 年的论文《广义相对论的基础》为例，指出这篇在当时是杰作的论文在如今可能无法发表，随后从论文风格、科学领域的专业化进程等方面进行阐述，包括论文要求的变化、科学竞赛选拔人才标准的改变等，都是围绕爱因斯坦的论文在现代是否能发表这个核心话题展开，并讨论了现代科学发展导致的变化对论文发表等情况的影响。选项C“Culd Einstein get published tday?（爱因斯坦的论文在今天能发表吗？）”能够准确概括文章主旨，从爱因斯坦的论文入手，讨论现代科学的变化对论文发表的影响，是最合适的标题。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Reversal—change yur perspective and slve yur prblem
It’s ften yur definitin f a prblem that limits yu in finding a suitable slutin. Creative slutins require a change f perspective. ____35____
The reversal technique is a creative thinking technique that is based n the thught that t change yur perspective, yu smetimes need t change the rder f the wrds in yur prblem definitin.
Hw yu change the rder f the wrds desn’t matter much, as lng as the key wrds are reversed. ____36____ Yur challenge is “Hw d we make sure that fewer peple take cars t their wrk?”. Swapping the key wrds, yu culd rephrase this challenge as “Hw d we make sure that fewer cars take peple t their wrk?” In this case, the first statement will make yu think f alternative means f transprtatin, like trains r bikes, while the secnd statement will prbably make yu think f slutins like carpling—fewer cars fr the same number f peple.
Nt every prblem statement is suitable fr a reversal. Smetimes using this technique requires yu t first rephrase the questin altgether. ____37____Fr instance, the questin “hw might we sell mre washing machines?” is nt easily reversed—there is n key wrd t swap with “washing machines”. Yet, when yu rephrase the questin t “Hw might we sell mre washing machines t yung parents?” yu can easily change it t “Hw
might we sell mre yung parents t washing machines? ____38____ Yu culd interpret this last sentence as “the washing machine pays the yung parents t try it ut”. Then, yu culd start cmmunicating t ptential buyers hw much they will save each year when they chse yur energy efficient washing machine.
As this example shws, sme reversals will require a very flexible way f thinking. ____39____ Hwever, thinking abut the tiny amunt f time it will “cst” yu t try ut a reversal, yu have very little t lse and, ptentially, lts t gain.
A. The secnd prblem statement is much mre lgical.
B. Often it helps t add ne mre key wrd t the sentence.
C. Rephrasing yur challenge is t change the prblem statement.
D. A great way t d this is by “reversing” yur prblem statement.
E. Fr instance, imagine yu are respnsible fr limiting the traffic jam in yur area.
F. Admittedly, it is a very unusual challenge, but it might just stimulate a creative thught.
G. Nt everyne will be able t mve frm an unreasnable statement t a useful slutin.
【答案】35. D 36. E 37. B 38. F 39. G
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过举例子介绍了一种解决问题的思维方式——逆向思维，描述了它的好处和表现形式。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Creative slutins require a change f perspective.（创造性的解决方案需要改变观点。）”以及下文“The reversal technique is a creative thinking technique（逆向技术是一种创造性思维技术）”可猜测，划线句写的是创造性的解决方案是逆向技术。D选项“A great way t d this is by “reversing” yur prblem statement.”（一个很好的方法是“颠倒”你的问题陈述。）符合题意，故选D项。
【36题详解】
根据上文“Hw yu change the rder f the wrds desn’t matter much, as lng as the key wrds are reversed.（你如何改变单词的顺序并不重要，只要关键字颠倒过来就行。）”以及下文“Yur challenge is “Hw d we make sure that fewer peple take cars t their wrk?”. Swapping the key wrds, yu culd rephrase this challenge as “Hw d we make sure that fewer cars take peple t their wrk?””.（你面临的挑战是“我们如何确保开车上班的人更少?”换掉关键词，你可以把这个挑战重新表述为“我们如何确保更少的车载着人们去上班?”）”可知，本段是在举关键字颠倒过来的例子，并且有关于道路交通。E选项“Fr instance, imagine yu are respnsible fr limiting the traffic jam in yur area.”（例如，设想你要负责限制你所在地区的
交通堵塞。）符合题意，故选E项。
【37题详解】
根据前文“Smetimes using this technique requires yu t first rephrase the questin altgether.（有时使用这个技巧需要你首先重新表达问题。）”以及下文“Fr instance, the questin “hw might we sell mre washing machines?” is nt easily reversed—there is n key wrd t swap with “washing machines”.（例如，“我们如何才能卖出更多的洗衣机?”没有一个关键词可以和“洗衣机”互换。）”可知，重新表达问题与关键词有关。B选项“Often it helps t add ne mre key wrd t the sentence.”（通常，在句子中再加一个关键词是有帮助的。）符合题意，故选B项。
【38题详解】
根据前文“Yet, when yu rephrase the questin t “Hw might we sell mre washing machines t yung parents?” yu can easily change it t “Hw might we sell mre yung parents t washing machines?（然而，当你把这个问题重新表述为“我们如何才能向年轻的父母出售更多洗衣机?”你可以很容易地把它改成“我们如何才能让更多的年轻父母喜欢洗衣机?”）”可知，这种办法可以激发创造性思维。F选项“Admittedly, it is a very unusual challenge, but it might just stimulate a creative thught.”（诚然，这是一个非常不寻常的挑战，但它可能会激发创造性思维。）符合题意，故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据前文“As this example shws, sme reversals will require a very flexible way f thinking.（正如这个例子所示，一些反转将需要非常灵活的思维方式。）”以及后文“Hwever, thinking abut the tiny amunt f time it will “cst” yu t try ut a reversal, yu have very little t lse and, ptentially, lts t gain.（然而，考虑一下你尝试逆转的时间“成本”，你不会损失什么，但潜在地，你会得到很多。）”可猜测，做出这些反转很困难，要耗脑力。G选项“Nt everyne will be able t mve frm an unreasnable statement t a useful slutin.”（不是每个人都能从一个不合理的陈述变成一个有用的解决方案。）符合题意，故选G项。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
“One persn’s trash is anther persn’s treasure.” That’s a cmmn expressin, but the next time yu thrw smething away, think abut a twist n the ld saying. What if yur trash culd becme yur wn treasure? Many creative, thrifty, and envirnmentally minded peple have cme up with a way t make that happen. It’s called upcycling. Our wrld wuld be a better place if everyne wuld begin upcycling.
Upcycling is the practice f taking an unwanted item and turning it int smething useful. Fr example hw abut that pair f jeans with a hle in ne knee? It culd becme a new pillw fr yur bedrm. Hw abut the ld T-shirts yu never wear anymre? It culd be sewed tgether t make a picnic blanket. All f these are examples f upcycling.
Upcycling is nt the same as recycling. Recycling is undubtedly gd fr the envirnment, while upcycling is actually much better fr the envirnment and prtectin f natural resurces. Upcycling nt nly reduces the amunt f trash that ges int ur landfills, but it als prtects natural resurces, such as il and gas. On the ther hand, recycling takes an item made f glass, paper, metal, r plastic, breaks it dwn t its base material, and then uses that material t make anther prduct, which requires a great deal f energy. When yu chse t upcycle, the nly energy yu use is yur wn.
Upcycling als makes a family’s budget stretch further. Befre yu run t the stre t buy smething, lk arund yur huse. Old teacups can be transfrmed int candles. And an ld ladder can even becme a bkshelf. Of curse, the idea f reusing items t save mney is nt new. During the Great Depressin in the 1930s, many families lived n a tight budget. Peple had t use what they already had in rder t meet their needs. Flur sacks were used t make clthes, and a brken dr became a new table. Tday we shuld fllw the examples f ur great-grandparents and save mney by upcycling.
As respnsible citizens, we shuld all be cncerned with prtecting ur envirnment and budgeting ur resurces. Upcycling is a fun and creative way t help. The next time yu g t tss smething int the trash can, stp and think abut what it culd becme. Chances are, there’s a brand-new item in yur hand just waiting t be upcycled.
40 What is upcycling accrding t the passage?
____________________________________________________________________________
41. Why is upcycling much better fr the envirnment than recycling?
____________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
● During the Great Depressin in the 1930s, peple had t use what they already had in rder t prtect the envirnment.
____________________________________________________________________________
43. The Spring Festival is cming. Figure ut ne thing t upcycle. Explain what yu will d with it and hw it will
help with the celebratin f the festival. (abut 40 wrds)
____________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Upcycling is the practice f taking an unwanted item and turning it int smething useful.
41. Because it prtects natural resurces.
42. During the Great Depressin in the 1930s, peple had t use what they already had in rder t prtect the envirnment. Because during the Great Depressin in the 1930s, peple had t use what they already had in rder t meet their needs, nt t prtect the envirnment.
43. I plan t upcycle the bttles at hme. I will turn glass bttles int candle hlders r glass lamps, which will add t the festive atmsphere during the festival. As fr plastic bttles, I’ll remdel them int air-tight cntainers, which can help stre grains and stp mths frm getting in.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了升级改造。解释了升级改造的含义、和回收利用的不同之处以及升级改造的好处。指出作为负责任的公民，我们都应该关心保护环境和节约资源，而升级改造是一种有趣又有创意的环保方式。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Upcycling is the practice f taking an unwanted item and turning it int smething useful.(升级改造就是把不需要的东西变成有用的东西)”可知，升级改造就是把不需要的东西变成有用的东西。故答案为Upcycling is the practice f taking an unwanted item and turning it int smething useful.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Upcycling is nt the same as recycling. Recycling is undubtedly gd fr the envirnment, while upcycling is actually much better fr the envirnment and prtectin f natural resurces. (升级改造和回收不一样。回收无疑对环境有益，而升级回收实际上对环境和自然资源的保护要好得多)”以及“Upcycling nt nly reduces the amunt f trash that ges int ur landfills, but it als prtects natural resurces, such as il and gas. (升级改造不仅能减少垃圾填埋场的垃圾数量，还能保护石油和天然气等自然资源)”可知，升级回收比循环利用更环保，因为它保护自然资源。故答案为Because it prtects natural resurces.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中“During the Great Depressin in the 1930s, many families lived n a tight budget. Peple had t use what they already had in rder t meet their needs.(在20世纪30年代的大萧条时期，许多家庭生活拮据。人们不得不使用他们已有的东西来满足他们的需求)”可知，在20世纪30年代的大萧条时
期，人们不得不使用他们已经拥有的东西来满足他们的需求，而不是保护环境。故答案为During the Great Depressin in the 1930s, peple had t use what they already had in rder t prtect the envirnment. Because during the Great Depressin in the 1930s, peple had t use what they already had in rder t meet their needs, nt t prtect the envirnment.
【43题详解】
开放题。考生言之有理即可，答案不唯一。题干为：春节就要到了。找出一件可以升级的东西。解释一下你将用它做什么，以及它将如何帮助庆祝这个节日。可回答：我计划在家里改造瓶子。我会把玻璃瓶变成烛台或玻璃灯，在节日中增添节日的气氛。至于塑料瓶，我会把它们改造成密封容器，这样可以储存谷物，防止飞蛾进入。故答案为I plan t upcycle the bttles at hme. I will turn glass bttles int candle hlders r glass lamps, which will add t the festive atmsphere during the festival. As fr plastic bttles, I’ll remdel them int air-tight cntainers, which can help stre grains and stp mths frm getting in.
第二节 （20分）
44. 假定你是李华，准备参加学校组织的英文诗朗诵比赛。请给外教Jim写封邮件求助，内容包括：
1. 说明比赛要求；
2. 说出你的困难并请求帮助。
注意：1. 词数不少于100；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m writing t ask fr yur help. Our schl is ging t hld an English petry recitatin cntest. The requirements fr the cntest are quite strict. Each participant needs t chse an English pem and recite it within a limited time.
I really want t d well in this cmpetitin, but I have sme difficulties. Firstly, I’m having truble chsing an
apprpriate pem. I’m nt sure which ne wuld be suitable fr the cntest. Secndly, my prnunciatin and intnatin are nt perfect. I’m wrried that this might affect my perfrmance.
I sincerely hpe that yu can give me sme suggestins n pem selectin and help me imprve my prnunciatin. Yur guidance will be f great value t me.
Thank yu very much!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的求助信。要求考生给外教Jim写封信，就自己准备参加学校组织的英文诗朗诵比赛一事说明困难并请求帮助。
【详解】1.词汇积累
首先：firstly→ first f all
做某事有困难：have truble ding→ have difficulty ding
担忧的：wrried→ cncerned
真诚地：sincerely→ genuinely
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Our schl is ging t hld an English petry recitatin cntest. The requirements fr the cntest are quite strict.
拓展句：Our schl is ging t hld an English petry recitatin cntest, whse requirements are quite strict.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m nt sure which ne wuld be suitable fr the cntest.（运用了which引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】I’m wrried that this might affect my perfrmance.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）