高中人教版 (2019)Unit 1 Science and Scientists巩固练习

这是一份高中人教版 (2019)Unit 1 Science and Scientists巩固练习，共12页。
2.These results are a further (证明) f his utstanding ability.
3.Being expsed t these surrundings will increase the risk f (感染).
4.The air is sweet and (干净的) in the cuntryside.
5.These fish are ften eaten (生的) in Japan.
6.There is a (减少) f nearly 60% in the number f visitrs t the museum this mnth.
7.Nwadays, mst (家庭) wn at least ne car.
8.The plice suspect there may be a (联系) between the tw cases.
9.After he gt up, Jack washed his face at the water (泵) in frnt f the huse.
Ⅱ.选词填空
nce and fr all; subscribe t; thanks t; in general; be determined t (d); s that; attend t
1.The gvernment decided t slve the prblem .
2.All the scientists present at the frum the view that glbal warming is mainly due t the burning f fssil fuels.
3.In American culture the smile is an expressin f pleasure.
4.The nurses are busy the patients in the hspital.
5. yur timely help, we can finish the task in time.
6.Tm takes a part-time jb after class he can help his mther t supprt his family.
7.Mary wrk hard t imprve her spken English.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.Cheer up! Yu needn't feel (frustrate) at yur failure in the exam.
2.Officials say that few citizens (infect) with the virus wing t effective preventin nw.
3.I think the little by is (blame) fr the fire.
4.As an adult, we have t learn (handle) stress.
5.I strngly (suspect) that he was lying t the teacher.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.我们还没决定去哪儿度暑假。
We haven't decided fr ur summer hliday.
2.他似乎对他的老师说了谎。
he tld a lie t his teacher.
3.放学后我要去修自行车。(have)
I'll after schl.
4.通常,公共汽车上太拥挤,我找不到坐的地方。
Usually, it's crwded n the bus I can't find anywhere t sit.
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Jhn Snw Defeats “King Chlera”
Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared 1 (disease) in the wrld until Jhn Snw shwed hw it culd be vercme. Chlera, as 2 deadly disease f its day, threatened rdinary peple. N ne knew its cause r its cure. Every time chlera brke ut, large numbers f 3 (frighten) peple died. Jhn Snw was determined 4 (slve) this prblem. He knew nly if he fund its cause wuld it be cntrlled.
There were tw theries that 5 (pssible) explained hw peple gt infected. Jhn Snw 6 (subscribe) t the thery that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water.
In 1854 anther utbreak f chlera hit Lndn. Jhn Snw decided t investigate. He marked the places n a map, 7 gave him a valuable clue abut the cause f the disease. He fund many f the deaths were near the water pump in Brad Street. Sme husehlds had n deaths 8 these peple drank free beer. It seemed that the water pump was 9 (blame). He made further research and cncluded that plluted water led t the disease. Finally “King Chlera” 10 (defeat). Thanks t Jhn Snw, we nw knw hw t prevent chlera.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A

Jhn vn Neumann was the ldest f 3 children f a banker, and his speed f learning new ideas and handling prblems std ut early. At 17, his father tried t persuade him nt t becme a mathematician because he might lead a pr life being a mathematician, s vn Neumann agreed t study chemistry as well. In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering and a PhD in mathematics. Frm then n, mathematics prvided well enugh fr him, and he never had t turn t chemistry.
In 1930, vn Neumann visited Princetn University fr a year and then became a prfessr there. His first bk was published in 1932. In 1933, the Institute fr Advanced Study was frmed, and he became ne f the 6 full-time peple(Einstein was ne f the thers).
Wrld War Ⅱ hugely changed vn Neumann's areas f interest. Until 1940 he had been a great pure mathematician. During and after the war, he became ne f the best mathematicians wh put mathematics theries int practice. During the last part f the war he became interested in cmputing machines and made several utstanding cntributins. After the war, vn Neumann cntinued his wrk with cmputers, and was generally very active in gvernment service. He received many awards, was the president f the American Mathematical Sciety and was a member f the Atmic Energy Cmmissin. He died in 1957 f cancer.
Vn Neumann made several great cntributins and any ne f them wuld have been enugh t earn him a firm place in histry. He will be remembered as ne f the greatest minds f the 20th century.
Vn Neumann really was a legend in his wn time, and there are a number f stries abut him. His driving ability is a part f his legend. He reprted ne accident this way, “I was driving dwn the rad. The trees n the right were passing me in an rderly fashin at 60 miles per hur. Suddenly ne f them stepped in my path.”
1.Accrding t the text, vn Neumann's father believed that .

A.a mathematician culdn't earn a lt f mney
B.a mathematician needed a gd memry
C.vn Neumann had the ability t learn tw subjects at the same time
D.vn Neumann had the gift fr slving prblems at a high speed
2.Vn Neumann published his first bk at the age f .
A.23B.26C.29D.32
3.Hw did Wrld War Ⅱ affect Jhn vn Neumann?
A.He realized the imprtance f engineering.
B.He began t research hw t put mathematics int practice.
C.He left cllege and served at the gvernment department.
D.He lst interest in chemistry.
4.What can we cnclude abut vn Neumann based n the text?
A.He had three children.
B.He died in an accident.
C.He received many awards in his life.
D.He and Einstein were classmates at Princetn University.
B

Eln Musk, perhaps the wrld's mst brilliant businessman, has a habit f making statements that stretch the bunds f believability.
On July 16th, 2019, he intrduced a new type f brain-machine interface(BMI), starting frm the design f a “neural lace(神经织网)”, a net f thin electrdes(电极) that capture the infrmatin frm the brain. Hwever, the electrdes must be flexible, s that they d nt damage brain tissue and will last fr a lng time. And t make the implantatin(植入) f s many electrdes safe, painless and effective, the prcess has t be autmated.
Mr. Musk's team des indeed seem t have made prgress twards these gals. Their presentatin includes vides f a rbt that is best described as a sewing machine. This rbt grabs “threads”, and shts them deep int the brain thrugh a hle. The firm has als designed a chip that can handle signals frm as many as 3,072 electrdes.
With all these technlgical breakthrughs, the firm nw hpes t help peple vercme such illnesses as blindness and paralysis. They designed a small device that wuld sit behind smene's ear, picking up signals frm the implanted chip and passing them n as apprpriate. In a few years, using a brain implant t cntrl yur devices may be as prevalent as wearing wireless earphnes tday. Finally, Musk predicts neural lace will allw humans t be cmbined with AI systems, thus enabling the species t survive.
Thugh, as this annuncement shws, Mr. Musk des have a habit f presenting himself as the her f the human race, at least the cncept that sme machines will cme under the direct cntrl f human brains seems pssible t be carried ut. The biggest barrier t this happening will prbably nt be writing the sftware needed t interpret brainwaves, but rather persuading peple that the necessary surgery, whether by sewing machine r therwise, is actually a gd idea.
5.We can learn frm the first tw paragraphs that .
A.electrdes shuld be flexible t extend life
B.Eln Musk cnstantly cmes up with unexpected ideas
C.a neural lace is used t stre infrmatin frm the brain
D.electrdes are implanted by tp surgens fr safety reasns
6.What des the underlined wrd “prevalent” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A.Useful.B.Cmmn.
C.Prfessinal.D.Apprpriate.
7.What is the hardest part f carrying ut BMI?
A.Cnvincing peple t accept the surgery.
B.Develping devices t perfrm the surgery.
C.Writing the sftware t interpret brainwaves.
D.Infrming peple f the success f the surgery.
8.What is the best title f this passage?
A.The Neural Lace, a New Type f BMI
B.Eln Musk, the Her f Human Beings
C.Artificial Intelligence, the Way t Survive
D.A Brain Implant, a Step t Cntrl Machines
Ⅱ.七选五

Online curses have becme ppular in many cuntries. There are different kinds f nline curses, but mst shw a vide f a teacher and students in a classrm. Students watch the vide nline and take part in nline activities. Sme curses are free and pen t anyne. 1 Of curse, watching vides n a screen is nt the same as taking part in a real class.
2 In Singapre, eight schls have been chsen t try new ways f using technlgy in the classrm. The schls have tablets(平板电脑)and tuchscreens instead f bks and blackbards in the classrms. 3 Thrugh them, students can cmmunicate with each ther and wrk n prjects tgether.
In Suth Krea, sme students have been taught English by teachers in the Philippines and ther cuntries since 2011. The teachers are in their hme cuntries and are cnnected t the Suth Krean classrms via the Internet. Instead f lking at a screen, the students interact with a rbt in the classrm. The rbt is cntrlled by the teacher. 4
Thanks t technlgy, mre and mre ways f teaching and learning are being develped.
5 But ne thing is fr sure—there has never been a mre interesting time t be a student.
A.E-learning can be successful.
B.There are als scial media platfrms(平台).
C.Other kinds f e-learning are being tested arund the wrld.
D.They give students the chance t study anywhere, at any time.
E.Nbdy knws what the classrm f the future will lk like.
F.And it can mve arund the classrm and talk with the students.
G.The curses that are taught via the Internet are called nline curses.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案全解全析
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ 2.prf 3.infectin 4.pure 5.raw 6.decrease
7.husehlds 8.link 9.pump
Ⅱ and fr all 2.subscribe t 3.in general 4.attending t 5.Thanks t 6.s that 7.is determined t
Ⅲ 考查词性转换。句意:振作起来!你没有必要因为考试失利而感到沮丧。feel是系动词,后面应跟形容词作表语,结合句意,应填frustrated,意为“沮丧的,气馁的”。
2.are infected 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:官员说,由于有效的预防,现在几乎没有居民感染那种病毒。分析句子结构可知,设空处作宾语从句的谓语,citizens与infect之间为被动关系,由say和nw判断应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填are infected。
3.t blame 考查非谓语动词。句意:我认为这个小男孩对这场火灾负有责任。be t blame意为“应负责任;应受责备”,故填t blame。
4.t handle 考查非谓语动词。句意:作为成年人,我们必须学会应对压力。learn t d...意为“学会做……”,故填t handle。
5.suspect 考查动词的时态。句意:我强烈怀疑他在对老师撒谎。表达自己的观点一般用一般现在时,且主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态,故填suspect。
Ⅳ t g 2.It seemed that 3.have my bike repaired
4.s; that
Ⅴ 考查名词的数。句意:霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一……。分析句子结构可知,本题考查“ne f the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构,故填diseases。
2.a 考查冠词。句意:霍乱,作为当时一种致命的疾病,威胁着普通人(的健康)。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,设空处应用不定冠词表泛指,意为“一个,一种”,且deadly为以辅音音素开头的单词,故填不定冠词a。
3.frightened 考查词性转换。句意:每次霍乱爆发,都会有大批惊恐的人病死。分析句子结构可知,设空处作定语修饰名词peple,故用形容词frightened,意为“惊恐的,害怕的”。
4.t slve 考查非谓语动词。句意:约翰·斯诺下决心要解决这个问题。be determined t d...意为“下决心做……”,故填t slve。
5.pssibly 考查词性转换。句意:有两种理论可能解释了人们是如何被感染的。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语修饰动词explained,故应填副词pssibly,意为“可能地”。
6.subscribed 考查动词的时态。句意:约翰·斯诺赞同霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的这一理论。分析句子结构可知,设空处充当主句的谓语,由语境可知用一般过去时,故填subscribed。subscribe t意为“同意,赞成”。
7.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:他在地图上标出了那些地方,这给了他一条关于疾病起因的有价值的线索。分析句子结构可知, 7 gave disease是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的主句,故用关系代词which。
8.because 考查连词。句意:一些家庭没有死亡病例,因为这些人喝免费的啤酒。由句意可知此处应填because,引导原因状语从句。
9.t blame 考查非谓语动词。句意:似乎水泵是罪魁祸首。be t blame意为“应负责任;应受责备”,故填t blame。
10.was defeated 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:最终“霍乱王”被打败了。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语,因为叙述过去发生的事,故用一般过去时。由句意可知,这种疾病是被打败,故用被动语态。故填was defeated。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.A
◎语篇解读 本文主要介绍了约翰·冯·诺依曼的生平事迹以及他为人类社会做出的重大贡献。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的his father tried t persuade him nt t becme a mathematician because he might lead a pr life being a mathematician可知,他父亲认为数学家的生活会很贫穷,所以A项正确。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的In 1926, at 23, he received a degree in chemical engineering可知他出生在1903年。然后由第二段中的His first bk was published in 1932.可以计算出他第一本书出版是在他29岁时,所以答案选C。
3.B 细节理解题。由文章第三段中的During and after the war, he became ne f the best mathematicians wh put mathematics theries int practice.可知在战争期间和战后他开始把数学理论应用于实践,所以B项正确。
4.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的He received many awards可知C项正确。
【高频词汇】
1.stand ut 突出;醒目;脱颖而出 2.mathematician n.数学家 3.chemistry n.化学 4.cntributin n.贡献;捐献 5.firm adj.坚定的;牢固的 6.legend n.传奇
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Eln Musk提出的新型脑机接口的想法,并对其现今研究成果和未来应用前景进行了详细说明。
5.B 推理判断题。根据第一段Eln a habit f making statements that stretch the bunds f believability.(Eln Musk……有一种习惯,他发表的言论延伸了可信度的范围。)以及第二段中On July 16th, 2019, he intrduced a new type f brain-machine interface (BMI)可知Eln Musk经常能提出前所未闻的想法,B项符合题意。故选B。
6.B 词义猜测题。根据第四段中They designed a small device that wuld sit behind smene's ear, picking up signals frm the implanted chip and passing them n as apprpriate.可知,现在设计的小设备应用较为复杂。画线词所在句表述为几年后,与现在形成对比,表明这项技术会变得更为普遍和简易,就像戴无线耳机一样。故B项cmmn“普遍的”切合题意。故选B。
7.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中The biggest barrier t this happening will prbably nt be writing the sftware needed t interpret brainwaves, but rather persuading peple that the necessary actually a gd idea.可知,最大的阻碍可能不是写软件,而是说服人们做这种必要的外科手术其实是个好主意。意在表明实施BMI最艰难的部分是说服人们接受必要的外科手术。故选A。
8.A 主旨大意题。根据第二段中On July 16th, 2019, he intrduced a new type f brain-machine interface (BMI)可知2019年7月16日,他介绍了一种新型的脑机接口。接下来全文围绕新型脑机接口(BMI)进行展开说明,因此可知A项“神经织网,一种新型的脑机接口”切题。故选A。
【高频词汇】
1.stretch v.伸展;延伸 2.capture v.获得 3.indeed adv.的确;真正地 4.make prgress 取得进步 5.signal n.信号;暗号
6.breakthrugh n.突破 7.enable v.使能够 8.carry ut 实施;执行 9.barrier n.障碍;屏障
长难句分析:
原句 Thugh, as this annuncement shws, Mr. Musk des have a habit f presenting himself as the her f the human race, at least the cncept that sme machines will cme under the direct cntrl f human brains seems pssible t be carried ut.
分析 本句为主从复合句。Thugh引导的是让步状语从句,该从句中又含有as引导的非限制性定语从句;that sme brains是一个同位语从句,是对the cncept内容的解释说明。
句意 正如这一声明所说,尽管Musk先生确实有一个把自己描绘成人类英雄的习惯,但至少这个某些机器将受到人类大脑的直接控制的概念似乎是有可能实施的。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了在线课程的有关内容。老师可以进行远程授课,学生在教室与教学机器人进行互动。随着科技的发展,教学方式也在不断地发展。
1.D 上文提到Students watch the vide nline and take part in nline activities. Sme curses are free and pen t anyne.(学生在线观看学习视频并参与线上活动。一些网络课程是对任何人都是免费开放的。),说明正是因为网络的便利性,学生可以随时随地进行学习。D项提到在线学习给了学生随时随地学习的机会,符合语境。
2.C 第二段提到了新加坡对在线学习的实践,说明了在线学习在不同国家进行测试。C项符合语境。
3.B 第二段最后一句提到Thrugh them, students can cmmunicate with each ther and wrk n prjects tgether.(学生可以通过它们互相交流,共同完成项目。),只有通过平台学生才能互相沟通交流,且代词them指代B项中的scial media platfrms。故B项符合语境。
4.F 上文提到Instead f lking at a screen, the students interact with a rbt in the classrm. The rbt is cntrlled by the teacher.(学生在教室里跟机器人进行互动,而不是盯着屏幕看。机器人由老师控制。),F项中的it指代前文中出现的rbt,故F项符合语境。
5.E 倒数第二段提到随着科技的发展,学习和教学模式也在不断发展。而科技的发展会给教学模式带来什么样的未来还是未知的。E项符合语境。
【高频词汇】
1.nline curses 网络课程 2.prject n.项目;工程;计划
3.instead f代替;而不是 4.interact with 与……交流 5.fr sure 确实;肯定