2022年高考英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习

这是一份2022年高考英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习，共10页。
主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）
Twenty years is a shrt time in histry. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）
T see is t believe. （不定式）What he needs is a bk. （主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is rund and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.
表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-fur! Yu dn’t lk it. （代词）
Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）
His father is in. （副词） The picture is n the wall. ( 介词短语)
My watch is gne / missing / lst. （形容词化的分词）
T wear a flwer is t say “I’m pr, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
The questin is whether they will cme. （表语从句）
（常见的系动词有: be, sund（听起来）, lk（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,
remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...
It sunds a gd idea. The sund sunds strange.
Her vice sunds sweet. Tm lks thin.
The fd smells delicius. The fd tastes gd.
The dr remains pen. Nw I feel tired.
宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾
I like China. （名词）He hates yu. （代词）
Hw many d yu need? We need tw. （数词）
We shuld help the ld and the pr. I enjy wrking with yu. （动名词）
I hpe t see yu again. （不定式） Did yu write dwn what he said? （宾语从句）
2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are yu afraid f the snake? Under the snw, there are many rcks.
3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a bk yesterday. Give the pr man sme mney.
宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him mnitr. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t cme here. （名）
We will make them happy. （形容词）We fund nbdy in. ( 副词 )
Please make yurself at hme. 介词短语）Dn’t let him d that. （省t不定式）
His father advised him t teach the lazy by a lessn. （带t不定式）
Dn’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected mnitr. She was fund singing in the next rm.
He was advised t teach the lazy by a lessn.
定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is ur friend. （代词）
We belng t the third wrld. （数词） He was advised t teach the lazy by a lessn.（形容词）
The man ver there is my ld friend.(副词) The wman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The bys playing ftball are in Class 2. （现在分词）
The trees planted last year are grwing well nw.（过去分词）
I have an idea t d it well. （不定式）
Yu shuld d everything that I d. （定语从句）
状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., r 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）
I will g there tmrrw. The meeting will be held in the meetingrm.
The meat went bad because f the ht weather. He studies hard t learn English well.
He didn’t study hard s that he failed in the exam.I like sme f yu very much.
If yu study hard, yu will pass the exam.He ges t schl by bike.
Thugh he is yung, he can d it well.

句子结构
简单句的五个基本句型
主语 ＋ 不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches.
主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 She likes English.
主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语 She is happy．
主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 She gave Jhn a bk．
She bught a bk fr me.
主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语She makes her mther angry．
The teacher asked me t read the passage.
（ There +be There lies a bk n the desk. ）
Exercises
分析下列句子成分
1. Our schl is nt far frm my hme. 2. It is a great pleasure t talk with yu
3. All f us cnsidered him hnest. 4. My grandfather bught me a pair f sprts shes.
5. He brke a piece f glass. 6. He made it clear that he wuld leave the city．
7. ---I lve yu mre than her，child ． 8. Tees turn green when spring cmes.
9. They pushed the dr pen. 10. Grandma tld me an interesting stry last night.
11. He wrte carefully sme letters t his friends. 12.All the students think highly f his teaching
13. We need a place twice larger than this ne. 14. He asked us t sing an English sng.
15. Dn't get nervus，help yurself t what yu like．16.We will make ur schl mre beautiful.
17. He didn't cme．That is why he didn't knw．18. She shwed us her many f her pictures.
19. The ld man lives a lnely life.
20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did nt happen in the center f twn.
21. The cars made in Japan are better than thse in Germany．
22. There are s many peple in the hall that it's hard fr me t find him．
23. N matter hw difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this mnth.
24. G back where yu came frm. 25. We must d whatever the peple want us t d.
26. At last he gt hme, tired and hungry. 27. Wuld yu please pass me the cup?
28 Mary handed her hmewrk t the teacher. 29. D yu knw the latest news abut him?
30. I’ll get my hair cut tmrrw.
翻 译 练 习：
主谓结构（ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）
1你应当努力学习。 2她昨天回家很晚。

3那天早上我们谈了很多。 4会议将持续两个小时。
5在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。
7 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。
8每天八时开始上课。 9这个盒子重五公斤。
10五年前我住在北京。
主谓宾结构（主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 ）
1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。
5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 6那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。
8 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。
9我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。
10他不知道说什麽好。
主系表结构（主语 ＋系动词＋表语 ）
1我的兄弟都是大学生。 2冬季白天短，夜晚长。
3布朗夫人看起来很健康。 4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
5孩子们，请保持安静。 6这本书是有关美国历史的书。
7她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 8他失业了。
9树叶已经变黄了。 10这个报告听起来很有意思。
双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ）
1 Jhnsn 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？
5. 他把车票给列车员看。 6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。

7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 8. Rbinsn Cruse 给自己做了一只小船。
9. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
复合宾语结构（主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 ）
1我们叫她Alice. 2他的父母给他取名为Jhn.
3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4他们把门推开了。
5他们把小偷释放了。 6我们要使学校变得更美丽。
7他请我们参加做游戏。 8我要你把真相告诉我。
9卫兵命令我们立即离开。 10明天我要找人来修理机器。
11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 12痛苦使得他叫喊起来。
13我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 14他每个月理一次发。
15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。 16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了
17她正在听人家讲故事。 18男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。
19我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 20他感到很难跟你交谈。
21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。
23学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。 24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。
There be 句型
1今晚没有会。 2这个村子过去只有一口井。
3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。
5天气预报说下午有大风。 6灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。
7战前这儿一直有家电影院的。 8恰好那时房里没人。
9从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 10公共汽车来了。
11就只剩下二十八美元了。 12在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。
13铃响了。 14二月份有二十八天。
KEYS
分析下列句子成分
1.主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语2.主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
3.主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语4.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
5.主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语6.主语 ＋动词 ＋ 形式宾语 it＋ 宾语补足语+宾语
7.主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语8.主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
9.主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语10.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
11.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语12主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语
13.主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语14.主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
15.主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语16. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
17.主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语18. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
19.主语 ＋ 不及物动词20.主语 ＋ 不及物动词
21. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语22.主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
23.主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语24. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
25.主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语26. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
27. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语28. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
29.主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语30. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
翻 译 练 习：
主谓结构（ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）
1Yu shuld study hard.
2 She went hme very late yesterday evening.
3That mrning we talked a great deal.
4The meeting will last tw hurs.
5Great changes have taken place in my hme twn in the past ten years.
6Things f that srt are happening all ver the wrld every day.
7The May Furth Mvement brke ut in Beijing in 1919.
8Classes begin at eight every day.
9This bx weighs five kils.
10 I lived in Beijing five years ag.
主谓宾结构（主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 ）
1.I wrte a letter last night.
2.I want t talk with yu this afternn.
3.He has read this bk many times.
4.They have carried ut the plan successfully.
5.Yu must finish reading these bks in tw weeks.
6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.
7.I received a letter frm my pen friend in Australia.
8.Jim cannt dress himself.
9.All f us believe that Jack is an hnest by.
10.He did nt knw what t say.
主系表结构（主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语 ）
1My brthers are all cllege students. 2In winter, the days are shrt and the nights are lng.
3 Mrs Brwn lks very healthy. 4At the age f fifteen he became a famus pianist.
5 Children, keep quiet please. 6 This bk is abut the histry f the United States.
7Her jb is t lk after the children in the nursery. 8He is ut f wrk.
9The leaves have turned yellw. 10The reprt sunds interesting.
双宾语结构（主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 ）
1Mr Jhnsn taught us German last year.
2Grandma tld me an interesting stry last night.
3Mary handed the wallet t the schlmaster.
4Wuld yu please pass me the dictinary?
5He shwed the ticket t the cnductr.
6This term I have written three letters t my parents.
7My father has bught me a new bike.
8Rbinsn Cruse made himself a bat.
9Will yu please get me a new cpy?
10 Shall I call yu a taxi?
复合宾语结构（主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 ）
1We call her Alice. 2His parents named him Jhn.
3All f us cnsidered him hnest. 4They pushed the dr pen.
5They have set the thief free. 6We will make ur schl mre beautiful.
7He asked us t jin in the game.8I want yu t tell me the truth.
9The guards rdered us t leave at nce. 10Tmrrw I’ll have smene repair the machine.
11Every mrning we hear him read English alud. 12The pain made him cry ut.
13We wn’t let her g ut at night. 14He has his hair cut nce a mnth.
15I’ll get my recrder mended. 16The terrible sund made the children frightened. 17She is listening t smene telling stries. 18he bys were watching the sldiers drilling.
19I have never seen the wrd used that way befre. 20He felt it very difficult t talk with yu.
21I think it mre cmfrtable t g there by ship.
22I cnsider it pssible t wrk ut the prblem in anther way.
23The schl made it a rule that the students shuld stand up when class begins.
24I thught it n use talking with that man
There be 句型
1There isn’t ging t be a meeting tnight.
2There was nly a well in the village.
3There is (are) a teacher f music and a teacher f art in the schl.
4Amng the guests there were tw Americans and tw Frenchmen.
5The weatherman says there’ll be a strng wind in the afternn. 6
6The light is n. There must be smene in the ffice.
7There used t be a cinema here befre the war.
8There happened t be nbdy in the rm.
9Once, there lived an ld fisherman in a village by the sea.
10There cmes the bus.
11There remained just twenty-eight dllars.
12In frnt f the cave, there stands(grws) a tall pine tree.
13There ges the bell.
14There are twenty-eight days in February