句子成分和基本句型讲解课件

这是一份句子成分和基本句型讲解课件，共59页。PPT课件主要包含了↓主语，↓谓语，↓定语，↓宾语，↓同位语，↓状语，说谎是错误的，争吵是没用的，谁要来还不确定，②谓语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

9种句子成分
①主语②谓语③表语④宾语⑤定语⑥状语⑦补语⑧同位语⑨插入语
I met my best friend Tm at the statin
定义：表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、名词化的形容词、动名词、句子或it做形式主语担任。
Jane is gd at playing the pian.She went ut in a hurry.T see is t believe.Smking is bad fr health.Whether they will cme r nt depends n the weather.The yung shuld respect the ld.Fur plus fur is eight.
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
什么情况下用it作形式主语？
你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗？1) It is wrng t tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is n use arguing abut it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain wh will cme. ( )
1. We lve China.2. She seems tired. 3. He can speak English 4. We have finished reading this bk.
定义:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由______ 充当.动词常分为实义动词,系动词,情态动词和助动词.
实义动词系动词情态动词助动词
1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be （am,is ,are,was,were,been,being）一词 He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
3）表像系动词，用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, lk, 例如：He lks tired. He seems (t be) very sad.4）感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sund, tasteThis flwer smells very sweet.
5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有becme, grw, turn, fall, get, g, cmeHe became mad after that. 6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prve, turn utThe rumr prved false. 这谣言证实有假。His plan turned ut a success. 他的计划终于成功了。
定义：用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示
My father is a prfessr. Wh's that? It's me. Everything here is expensive. The match became very exciting. The stry f my life may be f help t thers.Three times five is fifteen.His plan is t seek wrk in the city. My first idea was that yu shuld hide yur feelings. His hbbyis playing ftball.Time is up. The class is ver.
定义：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me yur dictinary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their mnitr.
They saw an exhibitin（展览）yesterday.The heavy rain prevented me frm cming t schl n time.Hw many dictinaries d yu have? I have five.）They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.He pretended nt t see me.I enjy listening t ppular music.I think（that）he is fit fr his ffice.
They saw an exhibitin（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me frm cming t schl n time.（代词）Hw many dictinaries d yu have? I have five.（数词）They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended nt t see me.（不定式短语）I enjy listening t ppular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit fr his ffice.（宾语从句）
定义：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。
Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a develping cuntry; America is a develped cuntry. There are thirty wmen teachers is ur schl.His rapid prgress in English made us surprised.Our mnitr is always the first t enter the classrm.The teaching plan fr next term has been wrked ut.He is reading an article abut hw t learn English.
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a develping cuntry; America is a develped cuntry.（分词） There are thirty wmen teachers is ur schl.（名词）His rapid prgress in English made us surprise.（代词）Our mnitr is always the first t enter the classrm.（不定式短语）The teaching plan fr next term has been wrked ut.（动名词）He is reading an article abut hw t learn English.（介词短语）
定义：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语.Light travels mst quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city fr ten years.（介词短语）He is prud t have passed the natinal cllege entrance examinatin.（不定式短语）He is in the rm making a mdel plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once yu begin, yu must cntinue.（状 语从句）
状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。
The best fish swim near the bttm. I left the village five years ag. I arrived late because f the traffic jam . We'll send a car t fetch yu. The fish can eat a persn in tw minutes , leaving nly bnes The students came int the classrm, singing and dancing. If he ges, s will I . Thugh he is a child, he knws a lt.
定义：补充说明宾语用的叫宾语补足语； 补充说明主语用的叫主语补足语。
宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。
His father named him Dngming.They painted their bat white.Let the fresh air in.Yu mustn’t frce him t lend his mney t yu.We saw her entering the rm.We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.We will sn make ur city what yur city is nw.
His father named him Dngming.（名词）They painted their bat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）Yu mustn’t frce him t lend his mney t yu.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the rm.（现在分词）We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.（介词短语）We will sn make ur city what yur city is nw.（从句）
主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语
They elected me captain f the team. We try t make ur cuntry strng.I was elected captain f the team. Our cuntry will be made strng.
定义：对前面的名词或者代词做进一步的解释。通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词或从句担任。
⑴The Great Wall, ne f the wnders in the wrld, attracts a large number f freign friends. ⑵This is my cusin, Helen. ⑶We students shuld study hard. ⑷We all are students.
定义：对一句话作一些附加的解释。通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、或从句等担任。
⑴T be frank, I dn't quite agree with yu. ⑵This , I think, is the best way t help them.
一) 挑出下列句中的宾语① My brther hasn't dne his hmewrk.② Peple all ver the wrld speak English.④ Hw many new wrds did yu learn last class?⑤ Sme f the students in the schl want t g swimming, hw abut yu?⑥ The ld man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
(二) 挑出下列句中的表语-- The ld man was feeling very tired.-- The leaves have turned yellw.-- Sn They all became interested in the subject.
(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语① She likes the children t read newspapers and bks in the reading-rm.② He asked her t take the by ut f schl.③ She fund it difficult t d the wrk.④ They call me Lily smetimes.⑤ I saw Mr Wang get n the bus.
(四) 挑出下列句中的状语① There was a big smile n her face.② Every night he heard the nise upstairs.③ He began t learn English when he was eleven.④ The man n the mtrbike was traveling t fast.
主语+谓语+宾语主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
Time flies.I lve yu.I will give yu a kiss.Yu make me happy.Yu are my angel.
基本句型一：S+V (主+谓）
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Exercise（翻译下面句子）
我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。______________________________________________________________________小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘 里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴. ______________________________________________________________________.
Exercise（翻译句子）
Every day I get up early, walk t the park and sit n the bench.
The birds sings happily in the tree, the fish plays freely in the pl and I als enjys myself.
主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。
如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2. S they had t travel by air r gt up early s as t catch the first bus.4. She sat there alne, reading a nvel.5. He came back when we were eating.
基本句型二：S+V +O(主+谓+宾）
释义：句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
Exercise: 翻译句子
1．昨晚我写了一封信。 2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。3．这本书他读过多次了。4．他们成功地完成了计划。
I wrte a letter last night.
I want t talk with yu this afternn.
He has read this bk many times.
They have carried ut the plan successfully.
基本句型三：S+V +IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾）
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。
1．Jhnsn 先生去年教我们德语。 2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 4．他把车票给列车员看。
Mr Jhnsn taught us German last year.
Grandma tld me an interesting stry last night.
Wuld yu please pass me the dictinary?
He shwed the ticket t the cnductr.
基本句型四：S+V +O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补）
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
1．我们叫她Alice. 2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3．他们把小偷释放了。 4．我要你把真相告诉我。
We call her Alice.
All f us cnsidered him hnest.
They have set the thief free.
I want yu t tell me the truth.
基本句型五：S+V+P(主+系+表）
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
1.孩子们很少保持安静。2.他失业了。3.树叶已经变黄了。4.这个报告听起来很有意思。