英语句子成分详细讲解课件（共34张）

这是一份英语句子成分详细讲解课件（共34张），共35页。PPT课件主要包含了↓主语，↓谓语，↓定语，↓宾语，↓同位语，↓状语，例他工作非常努力，例老师把灯关了，↓间接宾语，↓直接宾语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

主语 subject谓语 predicate宾语 bject表语 predicative宾补 cmplement定语 attribute状语 adverbial同位语 appsitive
1. I met my best friend Tm at the statin yesterday.
1.主语（subject)：
主语是一个句子的主题，是句子所陈述的主体，一般放于句首，可以是人，也可以是物，指动作的执行者。
例:那个学生问了老师一些问题.
The student asked the teacher sme questins.
例:今天的天气非常好.
The weather is very nice tday.
2.谓语（predicate)：
谓语一般是指主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语充当，位置一般放于主语后面。
He wrks very hard.
例:他在字典里查出了这个单词.
He lked up the wrd in the dictinary.
3. 宾语（bject)：
宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者，一般放于及物动词之后。
The teacher turned ff the lights.
例:他们将不会伤害我们.
They wn’t hurt us.
例:他在上个星期放弃吸烟了.
He gave up smking last week.
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.He gave me sme bks.
●Please pass me the bk.●He bught me sme flwers.
表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连系动词后，构成系表结构。
I am a teacher.
例:这种水果尝起来味道很好.
This kind f fruit tastes very delicius.
1.be动词(am, is, are, was, were)
3.感官动词(lk, smell, hear, feel…)
2.表状态变化的动词(get/becme/turn/keep/remain/stay)
例:那个女孩变得非常担心.
The girl gt wrried.
5. 定语:(attribute)
定语是用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词。
这是一节生动有趣的课．
This is a lively and interesting class.
There is smething difficult t deal with.
It tk him quite a little time t get familiar with the rutes ______ t the nest-shaped stadium.
花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。
He is a clever by.They are building a stne bridge.There are 54 students in ur class.D yu knwn Betty’s sister?He bught sme sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spken language is gd.I met a friend n my way hme.
６. 状语:(adverbial)
状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。
①表时间：yesterday, tday, tmrrw…
Shall we g shpping tday r tmrrw?
我们是今天还是明天出去买东西啊？
②表地点：in China, at the airprt…
I saw a student in the classrm.
我在教室里看见一个学生．
③表原因: because, as, fr, since…
他因为生病所以今天没有去上学．
Because he was ill, he didn’t g t schl tday.
④表结果：t+d, v+ing, 从句
那个男孩从树上掉下来了，头撞到地上了．
The by fell ff the tree, striking his head against the grund.
⑤表目的:in rder t, in rder that, fr the purpse
为了考入一个更好的学校，我必须更加努力．
In rder t get int a better schl, I must study even harder .
⑥表条件: as/s lng as, if, unless,
只要努力学习，你就会取得好成绩．
As lng as yu study hard, yu can get a high mark.
⑦表让步: in spite f, despite, althugh, thugh
他虽然不认识我，但却帮了我．
He helped me althugh he didn’t knw me.
⑧表程度: very, enugh
The scenery there is very beautiful.
⑨表方式: like that, as, as if…
Dn’t lk at me like that!
老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书．
The teacher came int the classrm, catching a bk in his hand.
７. 补语:(cmplement)
补充说明主语的动作或状态
补充说明宾语的动作或状态
１．我又累又困，就去睡了。
Tired and sleepy, I went t bed.
2．我发现那本书很有趣。
I fund that bk very interesting.
你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。
Yur friend cmes t schl very upset.
8. 同位语:(appsitive)
当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，后者就叫做前者的同位语。
我们有两个孩子，一男一女．
We have tw children, a by and a girl.
那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车．
The man, my teacher, never rides a bike.
I want this diary itself t be my friend.
有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。如：and, but, r, s等
由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子。
Tm and Mike are American bys.
She likes drawing and ften draws pictures fr the newspaper.
由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有不同的主谓结构。
句子成分练习题( 一 )(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with tw f his students is walking int the classrm.② There is an ld man cming here.③ The useful dictinary was given by my mther last year.④ T d tday's hmewrk withut the teacher's help is very difficult.
(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brther hasn't dne his hmewrk.② Peple all ver the wrld speak English.③ Yu must pay gd attentin t yur prnunciatin.④ Hw many new wrds did yu learn last class?⑤ Sme f the students in the schl want t g swimming, hw abut yu?⑥ The ld man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦ They made him mnitr f the class.⑧ G acrss the bridge and yu will find the museum n the left.⑨ Yu will find it useful after yu leave schl.⑩ They didn't knw wh "Father Christmas" really is.
(四) 挑出下列句中的表语 ① The ld man was feeling very tired.② Why is he wrried abut Jim?③ The leaves have turned yellw.④ Sn They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first t learn abut it.
(五) 挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr./ Mrs. with the family name.② What is yur given name?③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid sme peple frgt t sweep the flr.⑤ The man dwnstairs was trying t sleep.⑥ I am waiting fr the sund f the ther she!
(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语① She likes the children t read newspapers and bks in the reading-rm.② He asked her t take the by ut f schl.③ She fund it difficult t d the wrk.④ They call me Lily smetimes.⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get n the bus.⑥ Did yu see Li Ming playing ftball n the playgrund just nw?
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语① There was a big smile n her face.② Every night he heard the nise upstairs.③ He began t learn English when he was eleven.④ The man n the mtrbike was traveling t fast.⑤ With the medicine bx under her arm, Miss Li hurried ff.⑥ She lves the library because she lves bks.⑦ I am afraid that if yu've lst it, yu must pay fr it.⑧ The students fllwed Uncle Wang t see the ther machine.
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a stry.② My father bught a new bike fr me last week.③ Mr. Li is ging t teach us histry next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it t Tm.
一: Ｓ Ｖ (主＋谓)二: Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ (主＋系＋表)三: Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ (主＋谓＋宾)四: Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)五: Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
基本句型 一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)
谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语, 形成主谓结构。
1. The sun rse. 2. Wh cares? 3. What he said des nt matter. 4. They talked fr half an hur. 5. The pen writes smthly
基本句型二：Ｓ│Ｖ(是系动词)│ Ｐ(表语)
1. This is an English-Chinese dictinary. 2. The dinner smells gd. 3. He fell in lve. 4. Everything lks different. 5. He is grwing tall and strng. 6. Our well has gne dry. 7. His face turned red.
基本句型 三:Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ (主＋谓＋宾)
此句型的特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须跟有一个宾语, 即动作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。
Ｓ│Ｖ(及物动词)│Ｏ(宾语)
1. Wh knws the answer? 2. He has refused t help them. 3. He enjys reading. 4. He said “Gd mrning.”5. He admits that he was mistaken.
基本句型四：Ｓ│Ｖ(及物)│ｏ(多指人)│Ｏ(多指物)
She rdered herself a new dress. 2. He brught yu a dictinary. 3. I shwed him my pictures. 4. I tld him that the bus was late. 5. He shwed me hw t run the machine.
基本句型 五:Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
此句型的特点是: 动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语, 才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语: 位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词, 形容词, 不定式,动名词, 分词, 介词短语等。
The war made him a sldier. New methds make the jb easy.I ften find him at wrk.The teacher ask the students t clse the windws.I saw a cat running acrss the rad.
Ｓ │Ｖ(及物)│ Ｏ(宾语) │ Ｃ(宾补)
1. They painted the dr green. 3. They fund the huse deserted. 4. He asked me t cme back sn. 5. I saw them getting n the bus.
常用的英语句子除了基本句型的成分不变通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（mdifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是 各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。 We fund the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We fund the great hall full f students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。