还剩18页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：全套人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册课时作业含答案
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册综合测试题含答案
展开
这是一份人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册综合测试题含答案，共21页。
选择性必修第四册综合测试题(满分：120分 建议用时：120分钟)第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)AUrban gardens are valuable assets to communities.They provide green spaces to grow sustainable food，build community cohesion(凝聚力)，make new friends，connect with the earth，and much more.So，let’s check out our list of 4 inspiring urban gardens in the US.Gotham GreensWhere: New York & ChicagoWhat: Gotham Greens first started in Brooklyn and now has four locations in New York City and Chicago.Their flagship farm in Brooklyn produces over 100,000 pounds of greens per year.But it doesn’t just produce healthy local vegetables.It is using high-tech greenhouses with solar panels to make sure the food grown is healthy and sustainable.Baltimore Urban Gardening with StudentsWhere: Baltimore，MarylandWhat：The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students(BUGS) program encourages students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs.Many of these kids don’t have access to green spaces，and have never had the opportunity to grow food.ReVision Urban FarmWhere: Boston，MassachusettsWhat: ReVision Urban Farm in Boston works in partnership with the ReVision Family Home — a shelter for 22 homeless parents and their kids.The farm provides these families with information on healthy eating，and access to the farm’s fresh vegetables.The organisation also provides job training to help families escape the cycle of poverty.SwaleWhere: New YorkWhat: Swale，a floating food forest located on a large boat，is an innovative project meant to inspire citizens to rethink the relationship between our cities and our food.This urban garden serves as both a living art exhibit and an educational farm.Food forests are sustainable gardens that include vegetables，fruit，nut trees，bushes，herbs，and vines — each one complementing the other in a symbiotic(共生的) relationship.( )1．What does the BUGS program mainly do?A．Provide job training for students.B．Use high-tech greenhouses to grow healthy food.C．Create a sustainable garden on a large boat.D．Offer students the opportunity to grow vegetables.( )2．Which urban garden helps people get out of poverty?A．Gotham Greens.B．Swale.C．ReVision Urban Farm.D．Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students.( )3．Where can citizens go to see a food forest?A．Chicago. B．Baltimore.C．Boston. D．New York.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了美国的四个城市花园。城市花园是社区的宝贵资产。它们为种植可持续粮食提供绿地、建立社区凝聚力、结交新朋友、与地球相连等等。1．D 细节理解题。根据第二个小标题下的“The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students(BUGS) program encourages students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs.”可知，BUGS这个项目主要是让学生们课后种植蔬菜。故选D项。2．C 细节理解题。根据第三个小标题下的“The organisation also provides job training to help families escape the cycle of poverty.”可知，ReVision Urban Farm能够帮助人们脱离贫困。故选C项。3．D 细节理解题。根据第四个小标题下的“Swale，a floating food forest located on a large boat，is an innovative project meant to inspire citizens to rethink the relationship between our cities and our food.”以及“Food forests are sustainable gardens that include vegetables，fruit，nut trees，bushes，herbs，and vines — each one complementing the other in a symbiotic(共生的) relationship.”可知，人们能在纽约的Swale看见食物森林。故选D项。BOn the evening of April 8，Dunhuang Academy and Huawei jointly launched a brand-new technology-driven tour experience at the Mogao Grottoes.Using Huawei’s newly-released Hetu artificial intelligence platform，coupled with the output of the Digital Dunhuang project，visitors to the Mogao Grottoes can enjoy a fantasy experience prior to entering the attraction.Zhao Shengliang，director of the Dunhuang Academy，said that it has been cooperating with Huawei since March 2019．Using Huawei’s latest Hetu technology，visitors are able to see the detailed contents of the Dunhuang Art Murals(壁画) outside the caves，through their Huawei mobile phones.This will reduce the time tourists spend inside the cave，aiding the protection of the cultural relics，while at the same time helping to increase the amount of information visitors can obtain.It is also considered to be a new way of promoting Dunhuang Art.The Dunhuang Academy has used digital technology to preserve the research and exploration of Dunhuang Grottoes since the early 1990s.It has collected a wealth of data and has realised the goal of sharing digital Dunhuang globally.It has played an important role in the protection and research of the cultural site，as well as promoting the development and progress of related work.The Huawei Hetu platform unites Dunhuang’s study findings，high-resolution images of the site’s murals and virtual，three-dimensional models with the real Mogao Grottoes.It has not only recreated the real tour of the scenic spot but also developed a new way of digitally experiencing the grottoes.When people visit the site，they not only have the experience of seeing the real grottoes，but they can appreciate the admirable artworks more clearly and in greater detail.In the future，Dunhuang Academy will continue to cooperate with Huawei to create more colourful virtual content to enrich the experience of Mogao Art on the platform，helping people around the world get to know Dunhuang Art better.( )4．Which is NOT the advantage of the Hetu technology?A．Decrease the cost of the visitors.B．Reduce the time visitors spend inside the cave.C．Help to protect the cultural relics.D．Provide more information for tourists.( )5．How long has the Dunhuang Academy used digital technology?A．About a year. B．90 years.C．Nearly 34 years. D．10 years.( )6．What’s the author’s attitude towards the cooperation between Dunhuang and Huawei?A．Doubtful. B．Opposed.C．Indifferent. D．Hopeful.( )7．What is the best title for the text?A．Dunhuang Academy Preserves Grottoes WellB．AI Tech Helps Tourists Enjoy Dunhuang’s ArtC．Huawei Newly Released Hetu AID．Dunhuang Grottoes Attract Tourists【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了敦煌研究院与华为联合推出了一项全新的技术驱动的莫高窟旅游体验，介绍了这项技术的一些优势，以及数字技术的应用对于敦煌石窟文化保护和研究发挥的重要作用。最后提到敦煌学院将继续与华为合作，创造更加丰富多彩的虚拟内容，丰富莫高窟艺术在平台上的体验，帮助世界各地的人们更好地了解敦煌艺术。4．A 细节理解题。通读第二段可知，这将减少游客在洞内的时间，有助于文物的保护，同时，有助于增加游客可以获得的信息数量。由此可知，B项“减少游客在洞穴内的时间”、C项“帮助保护文物”以及D项“为游客提供更多的信息”都是这项技术的优势。A项“降低游客的成本”在文章中没有提及。故选A项。5．C 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，从20世纪90年代初开始，敦煌研究院就使用数字技术来保存对敦煌石窟的研究和探索。由此可知，敦煌研究院使用数字技术大约三十四年了。故选C项。6．D 推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，未来敦煌学院将继续与华为合作，创造更加丰富多彩的虚拟内容，丰富莫高窟艺术在平台上的体验，帮助世界各地的人们更好地了解敦煌艺术。由此可推知，对于敦煌与华为的合作，作者对此的态度是充满希望的。故选D项。7．B 标题归纳题。根据第一段可知，4月8日晚，敦煌研究院与华为联合推出了一项全新的技术驱动的莫高窟旅游体验。利用华为新发布的河图人工智能平台，加上数字敦煌项目的输出，游客可以在进入莫高窟前享受一种梦幻体验。文章还介绍了这项技术的一些优势，以及数字技术的应用对于敦煌石窟文化保护和研究发挥的重要作用，最后提到敦煌学院将继续与华为合作，创造更加丰富多彩的虚拟内容，丰富莫高窟艺术在平台上的体验，帮助世界各地的人们更好地了解敦煌艺术。由此可知，B项“人工智能科技帮助游客欣赏敦煌艺术”最适合作文章的标题。故选B项。CBorn on her family’s farm in Ray，North Dakota，Mary Sherman Morgan had been helping her father with farm work before she could attend the small-town schoolhouse.Being a few years behind didn’t hold her back and she graduated from high school with honours.Aware of her intelligence，she ran away from Ray to attend Minot State University as a chemistry major，where her skill was evident.The outbreak of World War Ⅱ resulted in a national shortage of chemists and scientists.In spite of the fact that she was still a student and a woman，she was offered a job as a chemical analyst due to her talents，producing explosives(爆炸物)for the wartime effort.She put her degree on hold and moved to Ohio，taking on the dangerous job of analysing unstable chemicals to produce weapons.After the war ended，there was a fall in demand for explosives，so she made a move to the field of aeronautics，moving to California to work for NAA(North American Aviation).The only woman out of 900 engineers，she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants(推进剂) and designing speciality fuels to work with different engines.However，never having returned to complete her degree，she was not afforded the rank or higher pay of an engineer，even though she had all the skills and knowledge of one.Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked to find a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space，Morgan was appointed technical lead on the project.National pride was on the line，so Morgan set about investigating fuels.After countless trails，she finally designed her own mixture，which was named Hydyne.Hydyne tested well with the Redstone missiles and subsequently other aircraft(飞行器)，such as Jupiter-C rockets，proving to be a quick solution to getting to space without a total rocket redesign.The fuel made the first successful US satellite launch possible，even if Morgan silently slipped away from her success，retiring to focus on her family and leaving her chemistry career behind.( )8．What do we know about Mary?A．She attended school while helping with farm work.B．She was offered a job as a chemistry analyst after graduation.C．She shifted her working focus as the domestic demand changed.D．She launched the first US satellite before retiring from her career.( )9．What does the underlined word “aeronautics” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Analysing chemicals. B．Producing explosives.C．Mixing and saving fuels. D．Designing and building aircraft.( )10．What made Mary the technical lead on the project of NAA?A．Her discovery of Hydyne. B．Her rank as an engineer.C．Her special knowledge in fuels. D．Her sense of national pride.( )11．Which of the following words can best describe Mary?A．Caring and determined. B．Courageous and creative.C．Intelligent but sensitive. D．Accomplished but proud.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了科学家玛丽·谢尔曼·摩根的生平以及她所做出的贡献。8．C 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，第二次世界大战的爆发导致全国化学家和科学家短缺。尽管她仍然是一名学生而且是一名女性，但由于她的才能，她获得了一份化学分析师工作，为战时生产炸药。她暂时搁置了学位，搬到了俄亥俄州，从事分析不稳定化学物质以生产武器的危险工作。根据第四段的第一、二句可知，她在推进剂方面的经验意味着，当NAA的任务是找到一种能够将重新设计的红石导弹送入太空的燃料时，摩根被任命为该项目的技术负责人。民族自豪感岌岌可危，于是摩根着手研究燃料。由此可推出，玛丽工作重心是随着国内需求的变化而转移。故选C项。9．D 词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，战争结束后，对炸药的需求下降了，所以她转到航空领域，到加利福尼亚为北美航空公司工作。作为900名工程师中唯一的女性，她很快被提升到一个涉及计算火箭推进剂性能和设计用于不同引擎的特殊燃料的职位。根据最后一段第一句“Hydyne tested well with the Redstone missiles and subsequently other aircraft(飞行器)，such as Jupiter-C rockets，proving to be a quick solution to getting to space without a total rocket redesign.”可知，玛丽进入的是航空航天领域。由此可知，D项“Designing and building aircraft(设计和制造飞行器)”符合题意。故选D项。10．C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The only woman out of 900 engineers，she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants(推进剂)and designing speciality fuels to work with different engines.”和第四段第一句“Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked to find a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space，Morgan was appointed technical lead on the project.”可知，是在燃料方面的专业知识让玛丽成为NAA项目的技术负责人。故选C项。11．B 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“She put her degree on hold and moved to Ohio，taking on the dangerous job of analysing unstable chemicals to produce weapons.”和第四段最后一句“After countless trails，she finally designed her own mixture，which was named Hydyne.”可知，玛丽勇敢且具有创造性。故选B项。DFour “amateur astronauts” are about to launch into orbit in another landmark mission for space tourism.It’s the latest flight to help open up access to space for paying customers.The trip has been paid for by US billionaire businessman Jared Isaacman，who will travel with three crewmates.A healthcare worker，a science educator and a data analyst will circle the earth with Mr Isaacman for three days.They hope to inspire others with their adventure and to raise money for children’s cancer medicine.Accordingly，the mission has been named Inspiration 4．The crew’s Dragon vehicle，made by Elon Musk’s company Space X，will ride a Falcon-9 rocket.It is due to launch from Florida’s Kennedy Space Centre at 20:02 EDT on Wednesday，or very shortly after.The spacecraft will reach an altitude of 575 km，which is about 150 km higher than the International Space Station(ISS).The four will then spend their time doing experiments and looking at Earth through a large domed window which offers panoramic views of the whole planet.The mission follows hot on the heels of Sir Richard Branson’s flight aboard his Virgin Galactic rocket plane on 11 July，and fellow billionaire Jeff Bezos’ trip to space nine days later in the New Shepard vehicle.The glass dome has been fitted in place of the mechanism that Dragon normally uses to dock with the ISS，which isn’t needed on this flight.In the 60 years since Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin first went into space，fewer than 600 people have followed in his footsteps；and most of those have been military-trained personnel flying on government-sponsored missions.Inspiration 4 is different.It’ll be a fully commercially purchased and operated orbital flight.NASA helped fund the development of a lot of the technology used by Elon Musk’s company，and did so to try to diversify the economy in low-Earth orbit.( )12．Why is the mission called Inspiration 4 according to Paragraph 1?A．To promote the space tourism industry.B．To highlight the huge expenses of the space trip.C．To claim the commercial benefits of space adventures.D．To inspire people and collect money for medical treatment.( )13．What can we learn about the great mission?A．The launch schedule is to be further confirmed.B．Its crew members are mostly military trainees.C．It is to be made nine days after Jeff Bezos’ space trip.D．A glass dome will be fitted to replace the mechanism to join the ISS.( )14．What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?A．The unique equipment ensures the success of the mission.B．The crew can get a full view of the earth through the glass dome.C．The crew take advantage of the special window to do experiments.D．The large window enables the crew to observe surrounding planets.( )15．What is the passage mainly about?A．A commercially paid orbital flight.B．The diversity of space exploration.C．The development of space technology.D．A space tour on government-sponsored missions.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了一次完全商业购买和运营的轨道飞行的灵感4号飞船任务。四名业余宇航员即将进入轨道，执行另一项具有里程碑意义的太空旅游任务。他们希望通过他们的冒险来激励他人，并为儿童抗癌药物筹集资金。12．D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“They hope to inspire others with their adventure and to raise money for children’s cancer medicine.Accordingly，the mission has been named Inspiration 4．”可知，这样命名的原因是激励人们为儿童抗癌药物筹集资金。故选D项。13．A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is due to launch from Florida’s Kennedy Space Centre at 20:02 EDT on Wednesday，or very shortly after.”可知，发射时间不确定，所以具体时间需要进一步确认。故选A项。14．B 词句猜测题。结合常识并根据画线部分前的“The spacecraft will reach an altitude of 575 km，which is about 150 km higher than the International Space Station(ISS).”可知，这艘宇宙飞船将会到达575千米的海拔高度，它比国际空间站高出约150千米。由此可知，画线部分意为“通过这个圆顶窗俯瞰整个地球”。故选B项。15．A 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段的“It’s the latest flight to help open up access to space for paying customers.The trip has been paid for by US billionaire businessman Jared Isaacman，who will travel with three crewmates.”可知，本文主要介绍了一次商业性的轨道飞行。故选A项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Relations Between Architecture and CultureA country is not only identified by its people and government，but also by its architecture.__16__ For example，when one talks about India，we think of the Tahj Mahal.The Egyptians are another amazing example.Their environment and culture produced the great pyramids.How do modern cultures produce and maintain such beautiful architecture?Slovenians gained independence in 1991．The country is now economically the most progressive one.It is now helping to modernise the factories and by doing so has actually helped lower poverty rates.Generally，their world around them is modernising.__17__ Everyday life focuses in the squares，churches and the marketplace.These Slovenian towns have many well-preserved buildings with styles of architecture dating back from the 1100s.Many churches such as Sticna Abbey and Podsreda Castle are magnificent examples of the Roman architecture.__18__ For centuries，homes have been made out of mud houses built along the main dirt road.The roof could be used for an oven，to hold chickens，or just as storage.Cairo，one of the largest cities，the older parts of it are still the heart of Egypt although built with Islamic and Coptic monuments.Chinese architecture probably has the most cultural influence.Traditionally buildings were designed for its width，not its height.Every important building is guarded around a large wall to protect their assets.While ordinary dwellings are grey and dull，palaces and places of importance are quite colourful. __19__ Each Chinese home has their entrance at the front and facing the east with a screen because it is believed that spirits travel straight and cannot go through screen.Every culture can inspire a type of architecture that can range from landmarks to everyday homes.Religion and family seem to be the most common influences overall.__20__A．Architecture is a product of cultural diversity.B．The purpose of a south-facing entrance is to avoid north winds.C．Through architecture it’s possible to judge many things about a culture.D．However，the centre of their town is ironically the older parts of the city.E．Architecture is not always defined as large but simply a home sometimes.F．Tradition and religion are the largest pieces to the Chinese culture and architecture.G．Each culture is unique and the more we learn about them，the more we appreciate our surroundings.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章举例说明了建筑与文化的关系。16．C 根据后文“For example，when one talks about India，we think of the Tahj Mahal.The Egyptians are another amazing example.Their environment and culture produced the great pyramids.How do modern cultures produce and maintain such beautiful architecture？”可知，后文的例子表明，通过建筑就可以想起某个国家，说明通过建筑可以判断文化。故C项“通过建筑可以判断一个文化的很多方面。”符合语境。故选C项。17．D 根据上文“Slovenians gained independence in 1991．The country is now economically the most progressive one.It is now helping to modernise the factories and by doing so has actually helped lower poverty rates.Generally，their world around them is modernising.”以及后文“Everyday life focuses in the squares，churches and the marketplace.”可知，后文提到人们的日常生活集中在广场、教堂和市场上，说明本句与上文构成转折，指出城镇的中心是城市的老城区。故D项“然而，讽刺的是，他们城镇的中心是城市的老城区。”符合语境。故选D项。18．E 通读后文可知，后文主要说明了房屋这种小的建筑，E项中的home对应后文中的houses。故E项“建筑并不总是被定义为大的，它有时只是一个家。”符合语境。故选E项。19．F 根据后文“Each Chinese home has their entrance at the front and facing the east with a screen because it is believed that spirits travel straight and cannot go through screen(每个中国家庭的入口都在前面，有一扇面向东方的屏风，因为人们相信灵魂是直线旅行的，不能穿过屏风。).”可知，后文提到了每个中国家庭都有面向东方的屏风，这是一种中国文化传统或宗教信念。F项“传统和宗教是中国文化和建筑的最大组成部分。”符合语境。故选F项。20．G 根据上文“Every culture can inspire a type of architecture that can range from landmarks to everyday homes.Religion and family seem to be the most common influences overall.”可知，本段总结全文，指出每一种文化都能激发建筑的灵感，宗教和家庭似乎是最普遍的影响因素。由此可推知，我们对文化越了解，越能欣赏我们所处的环境。G项“每一种文化都是独一无二的，我们对它们了解得越多，就越能欣赏我们所处的环境。”符合语境。故选G项。第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)Sylvia was mad at her work team after trying to get them to finish a job that was due that day.“I’m always the one doing all the work，” she said.“And then the team gets the__21__，even the people who don’t do anything.It’s really not__22__．”British psychologist Melanie Klein told her that there’s something that__23__ the feeling: self-centeredness.Looking at the experience in a less self-centered way can help you manage it__24__.What you should do is step back to see things from a__25__ angle，one in which we are not at the centre.In fact，you might think you already do that and take pride in never being unkind or__26__ another person.When Sylvia took herself out of the__27__，she found some of her teammates were quite__28__ and inexperienced.Maybe they were afraid they wouldn’t be good enough to__29__ some of the tasks.She began experimenting with ways to__30__ their strengths and at the same time to help them do__31__ they could be good at.Team projects__32__，as did team spirit；and within a year，she was__33__ and made a team leader.Taking yourself out of the spotlight(聚光灯) isn’t always easy.__34__，it is a great way to take proper responsibility without becoming__35__．( )21．A．idea B．jobC．praise D．skill( )22．A．bad B．enoughC．smooth D．fair( )23．A．results in B．gets overC．wipes out D．adds to( )24．A．carefully B．bitterlyC．easily D．personally( )25．A．safer B．funnierC．stranger D．wider( )26．A．controlling B．hurtingC．refusing D．helping( )27．A．stress B．fightC．centre D．anger( )28．A．young B．energeticC．daring D．brilliant( )29．A．group B．obtainC．list D．shoulder( )30．A．test B．supportC．ignore D．reject( )31．A．work B．researchC．exercises D．sports( )32．A．mattered B．improvedC．failed D．changed( )33．A．punished B．imitatedC．promoted D．persuaded( )34．A．Therefore B．MeanwhileC．Instead D．However( )35．A．annoyed B．shockedC．surprised D．embarrassed【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。希尔维娅以自我为中心，感觉团队里的工作都是她一个人完成的，其他人只是坐享其成，她很生气。但在心理学家梅兰妮·克莱茵的帮助下，她开始调整心态，并主动支持队友的优势，并让他们做自己擅长的工作。21．C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“然后团队得到了表扬，即使是那些什么都没做的人。这真的不公平”。根据上文“I’m always the one doing all the work”和句中“And then the team gets”可推知，希尔维娅抱怨说自己一个人完成所有工作，但团队得到表扬。故选C项。22．D 考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：同上题。根据上文“I’m always the one doing all the work”和“And then the team gets the __22__ even the people who don’t do anything.”可知，希尔维娅感觉团队里的工作都是她一个人完成的，同时其他人坐享其成，跟着受表扬，所以这不公平。故选D项。23．A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：英国心理学家梅兰妮·克莱因告诉她，有一些东西导致了这种感觉：自我中心。results in导致；gets over克服；wipes out消灭；adds to加入。根据前文的“British psychologist Melanie Klein”可推知，心理学家在帮助希尔维娅分析原因，弄清楚是什么导致了她有这种感受。故选A项。24．C 考查副词词义辨析。句意：用一种不那么以自我为中心的方式来看待这段经历可以帮助你更容易地管理它。carefully小心地，仔细地；bitterly愤怒地，痛苦地；easily容易地；personally就个人而言。根据前文的“Looking at the experience in a less self-centered way can help you”可知，心理学家梅兰妮·克莱因提出了专业的建议，让她更容易管理自己的感受。故选C项。25．D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你应该做的是退一步，从一个更广阔的角度看问题，一个我们不是在中心的角度。根据上文可知，心理学家梅兰妮·克莱因指出希尔维娅产生那些想法的原因是“self-centeredness”，即“以自我为中心”；心理学家提出新的看问题的方式“__25__angle，one in which we are not at the centre”，即“一个不以我们为中心的角度”。与之前“以自我为中心”相比较而言，这一角度不狭隘，是一种更为广阔的角度。故选D项。26．B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，你可能认为你已经这样做了，并为从未不友善或伤害别人而自豪。根据前文的unkind可知，此处指对人不友好或伤害别人。故选B项。27．C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当希尔维娅从自我中心走出来时，她发现她的一些队友相当年轻且缺乏经验。根据最后一段中的“Taking yourself out of the spotlight(聚光灯) isn’t always easy.”可知，此处指希尔维娅从以自我为中心走出来后，对队友有了新的发现，能够理解他们的行为了。故选C项。28．A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上题。young年轻的；energetic精力充沛的；daring勇于冒险的；brilliant巧妙的。根据句中的inexperienced可推断，她的一些队友年轻且缺乏经验。故选A项。29．D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许他们担心自己不够好，无法承担一些任务。group聚集；obtain得到；list列清单；shoulder承担。根据前文的inexperienced和句中的“they were afraid they wouldn’t be good enough”可知，希尔维娅的队友因年轻且缺乏经验，担心自己不够好，无法承担任务。故选D项。30．B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始尝试各种方法来支持他们的优势，同时帮助他们做他们擅长的工作。根据下文“and at the same time to help them”推知，希尔维娅支持同事的优势。故选B项。31．A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上题。根据句中“their strengths”和“they could be good at”可知，她发现队友的优势后，会帮助他们做他们擅长的工作。故选A项。32．B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：团队项目得到改善，团队精神得到提升；不到一年，她就升职了，成了团队领导。mattered要紧；improved改善；failed失败；changed改变。根据上文可知，希尔维娅不再生气和抱怨，开始帮助队友找到优势，并让他们做自己擅长的工作，所以团队的项目得到改善。故选B项。33．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上题。punished惩罚；imitated模仿；promoted升职，晋升；persuaded说服。根据后文的“made a team leader”可知，希尔维娅晋升了。故选C项。34．D 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这是一个很好的方式来承担适当的责任而不生气。Therefore因此；Meanwhile与此同时；Instead反而；However然而。上文“Taking yourself out of the spotlight(聚光灯) isn’t always easy.”说明远离聚光灯，不再以自我为中心并不容易；下文“it is a great way”说它的好处，上下文之间是转折关系。故选D项。35．A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这是一个很好的方式来承担适当的责任而不生气。annoyed恼怒的；shocked吃惊的；surprised惊讶的；embarrassed尴尬的。根据第一段第一句“Sylvia was mad at her work team after trying to get them to finish a job that was due that day.”可知，希尔维娅之前以自我为中心，所以生团队的气，但现在她不再以自我为中心，远离了聚光灯，这让她不那么生气了。故选A项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)As the saying goes，“Confidence in 36．________(you) is the first step on the road 37．__________ success.” Confidence plays an important role in our study.With confidence，we can plan our own study.With confidence，we can ask 38．________ we don’t know without feeling 39．________(embarrass).With confidence，we can be open-minded all the time.We may gain self-confidence in many ways.Making friends or 40．________(exchange) ideas with classmates may be of help.Besides，taking 41．________ active part in all kinds of activities and 42．________(compete) requires not only great courage and skill but also self-confidence.We need to have confidence.43．________，“Confidence is a plant of slow growth.” For me，I prefer to offer help to others.This is a chance 44．________(understand) others as well as to test what I suppose I know.In our study，we must learn to share，which in turn helps us learn to learn，and 45．________(hope)，self-confidence is the key!【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自信的重要性和如何变得自信的方法，并且作者以自身为例进行说明。36．yourself 考查反身代词。句意：常言道：“自信是走向成功的第一步。”此空是作介词in的宾语，意为“相信自己”，应该用反身代词作宾语。故填yourself。37．to 考查介词。句意：同上题。固定短语“the road to...”意为“通向……的道路”。故填to。38．whatever 考查宾语从句。句意：有了自信，我们可以问任何我们不知道的事，不会感到尴尬。分析句子结构可知，“38．________ we don’t know”作动词ask的宾语，故空处应填宾语从句的连接代词。分析从句可知，此空作动词know的宾语，再结合语境可知，此处表示“任何我们不知道的事”，应填whatever。故填whatever。39．embarrassed 考查形容词。句意：同上题。feel后接形容词作表语，动词“embarrass使窘迫”应变为形容词，且此处表示“我们感到尴尬的”，所以填embarrassed，意为“尴尬的”。故填embarrassed。40．exchanging 考查动词的-ing形式。句意：交朋友或者和同学们交换想法可能是有用的。or是连词，前后是并列结构，“Making friends”是动词的-ing形式作主语，“40．________(exchange) ideas”也应该是动词的-ing形式作主语。故填exchanging。41．an 考查冠词。句意：另外，积极参加各种各样的活动和比赛不仅需要勇气和技巧，还需要自信。固定短语“take an active part in”意为“积极参加”。故填an。42．competitions 考查名词的数。句意：积极参加各种各样的活动和比赛不仅需要勇气和技巧，还需要自信。and连接两个名词作介词in的宾语，动词“compete竞争”应变为名词。“competition竞争”为可数名词，由前文的修饰词“all kinds of”可知应用名词的复数形式。故填competitions。43．However 考查副词。句意：然而，“自信是一棵缓慢生长的植物”。此句与上文“We need to have confidence.”构成转折关系，此空后有逗号与下个句子隔开，应用however。空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填However。44．to understand 考查动词不定式。句意：这是理解别人也是测试我认为我知道的东西的一个机会。名词chance后通常跟不定式作后置定语。故填to understand。45．hopefully 考查副词。修饰句子“...self-confidence is the key！”应用hope的副词形式。故填hopefully。第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华，上周末去乡村参加了为期一天的环保宣传活动。请给笔友Mike写一封信，介绍这次活动。内容包括：1．参加人员；2．活动内容；3．你的感受。注意：1．词数80左右；开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Mike，________________________________________________________________________Yours，Li HuaOne possible version：Dear Mike，I’m happy to share my voluntary experience with you.Last weekend，our class organised an environmental protection activity in the countryside.All the students and teachers in our school took part in it.We went to a village called Yongxing Village，where we worked in two groups.The first group collected the rubbish，and the second group distributed leaflets.Besides，we gave a speech on white pollution in the square.By taking part in this activity，I think all of us should play a role in protecting the environment for the sake of people’s health and happiness.Have you done any voluntary work recently？Looking forward to your sharing.Yours，Li Hua第二节(满分25分)If there’s one thing I can’t stand people saying，it is “I’m no good at anything. I don’t have any talent.” I just don’t buy that at all.To me，everyone has at least one talent，and while it sometimes takes you a lifetime to find，it does exist.There was a time when I didn’t believe that.What changed my mind was a seemingly small event that took place in 1953．At that time，I was a high school student.I was a funny-looking skinny boy named Eugene Orowitz，who weighed barely 100 pounds.I was a good student，but as far as I was concerned，in just about every other department I was a loser.I wanted to fit in，to be someone and do something well.But I hadn’t found anything I was good at.One sunny afternoon，our gym class went out to the school’s running track.The teacher taught us all various track-and-field events.I was a loser in all of them.Then came the javelin(标枪).Suddenly，something inside me began saying，“Try it！Try it！” I had to wait my turn，though，trying not to look too eager.Finally，when everyone had had a chance to throw — the best throw going about 30 yards — I looked at the teacher.“Hey，Orowitz，you want to try？” he asked.Embarrassed，I looked down，but managed to nod my head.“Well，come on then，” he said impatiently，and handed me the javelin.Behind me I could hear some of my classmates laughing.As I grasped the javelin in my hand，I was seized with a strange feeling — a new-found excitement.For some crazy reason，I was relaxed over what I was about to do，even though I’d never done it before.I raised the javelin over my head，took six quick steps and let the thing go.The same voice that had urged me to throw it，now told me it was a good throw.注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。I watched as the javelin took off.My heart quickened ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________One possible version：I watched as the javelin took off.My heart quickened as I saw it continue to sail，30 yards out，then 40 yards.As it went past the 50-yard mark，it was still going.For a minute nothing was said.Then someone whispered，“Holy cow！”And others began cheering.Nobody could believe what I had just done.I took the javelin back to the gym teacher.“You keep the thing，”he said，still shaking his head in wonder.That night I took the javelin home with me._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________One possible version：That night I took the javelin home with me.The very next day，I began practising with it，and every day that summer — for six hours or more — I would throw it in a nearby schoolyard.By the time I was a member of the track team，all my practice paid off.I threw the javelin 211 feet that year，the best throw by any high-school boy in the country.I feel strongly that we must keep our minds open.We can’t let ourselves be discouraged or depressed when the talent doesn’t readily appear.
选择性必修第四册综合测试题(满分：120分 建议用时：120分钟)第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)AUrban gardens are valuable assets to communities.They provide green spaces to grow sustainable food，build community cohesion(凝聚力)，make new friends，connect with the earth，and much more.So，let’s check out our list of 4 inspiring urban gardens in the US.Gotham GreensWhere: New York & ChicagoWhat: Gotham Greens first started in Brooklyn and now has four locations in New York City and Chicago.Their flagship farm in Brooklyn produces over 100,000 pounds of greens per year.But it doesn’t just produce healthy local vegetables.It is using high-tech greenhouses with solar panels to make sure the food grown is healthy and sustainable.Baltimore Urban Gardening with StudentsWhere: Baltimore，MarylandWhat：The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students(BUGS) program encourages students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs.Many of these kids don’t have access to green spaces，and have never had the opportunity to grow food.ReVision Urban FarmWhere: Boston，MassachusettsWhat: ReVision Urban Farm in Boston works in partnership with the ReVision Family Home — a shelter for 22 homeless parents and their kids.The farm provides these families with information on healthy eating，and access to the farm’s fresh vegetables.The organisation also provides job training to help families escape the cycle of poverty.SwaleWhere: New YorkWhat: Swale，a floating food forest located on a large boat，is an innovative project meant to inspire citizens to rethink the relationship between our cities and our food.This urban garden serves as both a living art exhibit and an educational farm.Food forests are sustainable gardens that include vegetables，fruit，nut trees，bushes，herbs，and vines — each one complementing the other in a symbiotic(共生的) relationship.( )1．What does the BUGS program mainly do?A．Provide job training for students.B．Use high-tech greenhouses to grow healthy food.C．Create a sustainable garden on a large boat.D．Offer students the opportunity to grow vegetables.( )2．Which urban garden helps people get out of poverty?A．Gotham Greens.B．Swale.C．ReVision Urban Farm.D．Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students.( )3．Where can citizens go to see a food forest?A．Chicago. B．Baltimore.C．Boston. D．New York.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了美国的四个城市花园。城市花园是社区的宝贵资产。它们为种植可持续粮食提供绿地、建立社区凝聚力、结交新朋友、与地球相连等等。1．D 细节理解题。根据第二个小标题下的“The Baltimore Urban Gardening with Students(BUGS) program encourages students to get their hands dirty and plant vegetables through their after-school and summer programs.”可知，BUGS这个项目主要是让学生们课后种植蔬菜。故选D项。2．C 细节理解题。根据第三个小标题下的“The organisation also provides job training to help families escape the cycle of poverty.”可知，ReVision Urban Farm能够帮助人们脱离贫困。故选C项。3．D 细节理解题。根据第四个小标题下的“Swale，a floating food forest located on a large boat，is an innovative project meant to inspire citizens to rethink the relationship between our cities and our food.”以及“Food forests are sustainable gardens that include vegetables，fruit，nut trees，bushes，herbs，and vines — each one complementing the other in a symbiotic(共生的) relationship.”可知，人们能在纽约的Swale看见食物森林。故选D项。BOn the evening of April 8，Dunhuang Academy and Huawei jointly launched a brand-new technology-driven tour experience at the Mogao Grottoes.Using Huawei’s newly-released Hetu artificial intelligence platform，coupled with the output of the Digital Dunhuang project，visitors to the Mogao Grottoes can enjoy a fantasy experience prior to entering the attraction.Zhao Shengliang，director of the Dunhuang Academy，said that it has been cooperating with Huawei since March 2019．Using Huawei’s latest Hetu technology，visitors are able to see the detailed contents of the Dunhuang Art Murals(壁画) outside the caves，through their Huawei mobile phones.This will reduce the time tourists spend inside the cave，aiding the protection of the cultural relics，while at the same time helping to increase the amount of information visitors can obtain.It is also considered to be a new way of promoting Dunhuang Art.The Dunhuang Academy has used digital technology to preserve the research and exploration of Dunhuang Grottoes since the early 1990s.It has collected a wealth of data and has realised the goal of sharing digital Dunhuang globally.It has played an important role in the protection and research of the cultural site，as well as promoting the development and progress of related work.The Huawei Hetu platform unites Dunhuang’s study findings，high-resolution images of the site’s murals and virtual，three-dimensional models with the real Mogao Grottoes.It has not only recreated the real tour of the scenic spot but also developed a new way of digitally experiencing the grottoes.When people visit the site，they not only have the experience of seeing the real grottoes，but they can appreciate the admirable artworks more clearly and in greater detail.In the future，Dunhuang Academy will continue to cooperate with Huawei to create more colourful virtual content to enrich the experience of Mogao Art on the platform，helping people around the world get to know Dunhuang Art better.( )4．Which is NOT the advantage of the Hetu technology?A．Decrease the cost of the visitors.B．Reduce the time visitors spend inside the cave.C．Help to protect the cultural relics.D．Provide more information for tourists.( )5．How long has the Dunhuang Academy used digital technology?A．About a year. B．90 years.C．Nearly 34 years. D．10 years.( )6．What’s the author’s attitude towards the cooperation between Dunhuang and Huawei?A．Doubtful. B．Opposed.C．Indifferent. D．Hopeful.( )7．What is the best title for the text?A．Dunhuang Academy Preserves Grottoes WellB．AI Tech Helps Tourists Enjoy Dunhuang’s ArtC．Huawei Newly Released Hetu AID．Dunhuang Grottoes Attract Tourists【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了敦煌研究院与华为联合推出了一项全新的技术驱动的莫高窟旅游体验，介绍了这项技术的一些优势，以及数字技术的应用对于敦煌石窟文化保护和研究发挥的重要作用。最后提到敦煌学院将继续与华为合作，创造更加丰富多彩的虚拟内容，丰富莫高窟艺术在平台上的体验，帮助世界各地的人们更好地了解敦煌艺术。4．A 细节理解题。通读第二段可知，这将减少游客在洞内的时间，有助于文物的保护，同时，有助于增加游客可以获得的信息数量。由此可知，B项“减少游客在洞穴内的时间”、C项“帮助保护文物”以及D项“为游客提供更多的信息”都是这项技术的优势。A项“降低游客的成本”在文章中没有提及。故选A项。5．C 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，从20世纪90年代初开始，敦煌研究院就使用数字技术来保存对敦煌石窟的研究和探索。由此可知，敦煌研究院使用数字技术大约三十四年了。故选C项。6．D 推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，未来敦煌学院将继续与华为合作，创造更加丰富多彩的虚拟内容，丰富莫高窟艺术在平台上的体验，帮助世界各地的人们更好地了解敦煌艺术。由此可推知，对于敦煌与华为的合作，作者对此的态度是充满希望的。故选D项。7．B 标题归纳题。根据第一段可知，4月8日晚，敦煌研究院与华为联合推出了一项全新的技术驱动的莫高窟旅游体验。利用华为新发布的河图人工智能平台，加上数字敦煌项目的输出，游客可以在进入莫高窟前享受一种梦幻体验。文章还介绍了这项技术的一些优势，以及数字技术的应用对于敦煌石窟文化保护和研究发挥的重要作用，最后提到敦煌学院将继续与华为合作，创造更加丰富多彩的虚拟内容，丰富莫高窟艺术在平台上的体验，帮助世界各地的人们更好地了解敦煌艺术。由此可知，B项“人工智能科技帮助游客欣赏敦煌艺术”最适合作文章的标题。故选B项。CBorn on her family’s farm in Ray，North Dakota，Mary Sherman Morgan had been helping her father with farm work before she could attend the small-town schoolhouse.Being a few years behind didn’t hold her back and she graduated from high school with honours.Aware of her intelligence，she ran away from Ray to attend Minot State University as a chemistry major，where her skill was evident.The outbreak of World War Ⅱ resulted in a national shortage of chemists and scientists.In spite of the fact that she was still a student and a woman，she was offered a job as a chemical analyst due to her talents，producing explosives(爆炸物)for the wartime effort.She put her degree on hold and moved to Ohio，taking on the dangerous job of analysing unstable chemicals to produce weapons.After the war ended，there was a fall in demand for explosives，so she made a move to the field of aeronautics，moving to California to work for NAA(North American Aviation).The only woman out of 900 engineers，she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants(推进剂) and designing speciality fuels to work with different engines.However，never having returned to complete her degree，she was not afforded the rank or higher pay of an engineer，even though she had all the skills and knowledge of one.Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked to find a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space，Morgan was appointed technical lead on the project.National pride was on the line，so Morgan set about investigating fuels.After countless trails，she finally designed her own mixture，which was named Hydyne.Hydyne tested well with the Redstone missiles and subsequently other aircraft(飞行器)，such as Jupiter-C rockets，proving to be a quick solution to getting to space without a total rocket redesign.The fuel made the first successful US satellite launch possible，even if Morgan silently slipped away from her success，retiring to focus on her family and leaving her chemistry career behind.( )8．What do we know about Mary?A．She attended school while helping with farm work.B．She was offered a job as a chemistry analyst after graduation.C．She shifted her working focus as the domestic demand changed.D．She launched the first US satellite before retiring from her career.( )9．What does the underlined word “aeronautics” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Analysing chemicals. B．Producing explosives.C．Mixing and saving fuels. D．Designing and building aircraft.( )10．What made Mary the technical lead on the project of NAA?A．Her discovery of Hydyne. B．Her rank as an engineer.C．Her special knowledge in fuels. D．Her sense of national pride.( )11．Which of the following words can best describe Mary?A．Caring and determined. B．Courageous and creative.C．Intelligent but sensitive. D．Accomplished but proud.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了科学家玛丽·谢尔曼·摩根的生平以及她所做出的贡献。8．C 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，第二次世界大战的爆发导致全国化学家和科学家短缺。尽管她仍然是一名学生而且是一名女性，但由于她的才能，她获得了一份化学分析师工作，为战时生产炸药。她暂时搁置了学位，搬到了俄亥俄州，从事分析不稳定化学物质以生产武器的危险工作。根据第四段的第一、二句可知，她在推进剂方面的经验意味着，当NAA的任务是找到一种能够将重新设计的红石导弹送入太空的燃料时，摩根被任命为该项目的技术负责人。民族自豪感岌岌可危，于是摩根着手研究燃料。由此可推出，玛丽工作重心是随着国内需求的变化而转移。故选C项。9．D 词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，战争结束后，对炸药的需求下降了，所以她转到航空领域，到加利福尼亚为北美航空公司工作。作为900名工程师中唯一的女性，她很快被提升到一个涉及计算火箭推进剂性能和设计用于不同引擎的特殊燃料的职位。根据最后一段第一句“Hydyne tested well with the Redstone missiles and subsequently other aircraft(飞行器)，such as Jupiter-C rockets，proving to be a quick solution to getting to space without a total rocket redesign.”可知，玛丽进入的是航空航天领域。由此可知，D项“Designing and building aircraft(设计和制造飞行器)”符合题意。故选D项。10．C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The only woman out of 900 engineers，she was soon promoted to a role which involved calculating the performance of rocket propellants(推进剂)and designing speciality fuels to work with different engines.”和第四段第一句“Her experience with propellants meant that when NAA was tasked to find a fuel capable of lifting the redesigned Redstone missiles into space，Morgan was appointed technical lead on the project.”可知，是在燃料方面的专业知识让玛丽成为NAA项目的技术负责人。故选C项。11．B 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“She put her degree on hold and moved to Ohio，taking on the dangerous job of analysing unstable chemicals to produce weapons.”和第四段最后一句“After countless trails，she finally designed her own mixture，which was named Hydyne.”可知，玛丽勇敢且具有创造性。故选B项。DFour “amateur astronauts” are about to launch into orbit in another landmark mission for space tourism.It’s the latest flight to help open up access to space for paying customers.The trip has been paid for by US billionaire businessman Jared Isaacman，who will travel with three crewmates.A healthcare worker，a science educator and a data analyst will circle the earth with Mr Isaacman for three days.They hope to inspire others with their adventure and to raise money for children’s cancer medicine.Accordingly，the mission has been named Inspiration 4．The crew’s Dragon vehicle，made by Elon Musk’s company Space X，will ride a Falcon-9 rocket.It is due to launch from Florida’s Kennedy Space Centre at 20:02 EDT on Wednesday，or very shortly after.The spacecraft will reach an altitude of 575 km，which is about 150 km higher than the International Space Station(ISS).The four will then spend their time doing experiments and looking at Earth through a large domed window which offers panoramic views of the whole planet.The mission follows hot on the heels of Sir Richard Branson’s flight aboard his Virgin Galactic rocket plane on 11 July，and fellow billionaire Jeff Bezos’ trip to space nine days later in the New Shepard vehicle.The glass dome has been fitted in place of the mechanism that Dragon normally uses to dock with the ISS，which isn’t needed on this flight.In the 60 years since Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin first went into space，fewer than 600 people have followed in his footsteps；and most of those have been military-trained personnel flying on government-sponsored missions.Inspiration 4 is different.It’ll be a fully commercially purchased and operated orbital flight.NASA helped fund the development of a lot of the technology used by Elon Musk’s company，and did so to try to diversify the economy in low-Earth orbit.( )12．Why is the mission called Inspiration 4 according to Paragraph 1?A．To promote the space tourism industry.B．To highlight the huge expenses of the space trip.C．To claim the commercial benefits of space adventures.D．To inspire people and collect money for medical treatment.( )13．What can we learn about the great mission?A．The launch schedule is to be further confirmed.B．Its crew members are mostly military trainees.C．It is to be made nine days after Jeff Bezos’ space trip.D．A glass dome will be fitted to replace the mechanism to join the ISS.( )14．What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?A．The unique equipment ensures the success of the mission.B．The crew can get a full view of the earth through the glass dome.C．The crew take advantage of the special window to do experiments.D．The large window enables the crew to observe surrounding planets.( )15．What is the passage mainly about?A．A commercially paid orbital flight.B．The diversity of space exploration.C．The development of space technology.D．A space tour on government-sponsored missions.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了一次完全商业购买和运营的轨道飞行的灵感4号飞船任务。四名业余宇航员即将进入轨道，执行另一项具有里程碑意义的太空旅游任务。他们希望通过他们的冒险来激励他人，并为儿童抗癌药物筹集资金。12．D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“They hope to inspire others with their adventure and to raise money for children’s cancer medicine.Accordingly，the mission has been named Inspiration 4．”可知，这样命名的原因是激励人们为儿童抗癌药物筹集资金。故选D项。13．A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is due to launch from Florida’s Kennedy Space Centre at 20:02 EDT on Wednesday，or very shortly after.”可知，发射时间不确定，所以具体时间需要进一步确认。故选A项。14．B 词句猜测题。结合常识并根据画线部分前的“The spacecraft will reach an altitude of 575 km，which is about 150 km higher than the International Space Station(ISS).”可知，这艘宇宙飞船将会到达575千米的海拔高度，它比国际空间站高出约150千米。由此可知，画线部分意为“通过这个圆顶窗俯瞰整个地球”。故选B项。15．A 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段的“It’s the latest flight to help open up access to space for paying customers.The trip has been paid for by US billionaire businessman Jared Isaacman，who will travel with three crewmates.”可知，本文主要介绍了一次商业性的轨道飞行。故选A项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Relations Between Architecture and CultureA country is not only identified by its people and government，but also by its architecture.__16__ For example，when one talks about India，we think of the Tahj Mahal.The Egyptians are another amazing example.Their environment and culture produced the great pyramids.How do modern cultures produce and maintain such beautiful architecture?Slovenians gained independence in 1991．The country is now economically the most progressive one.It is now helping to modernise the factories and by doing so has actually helped lower poverty rates.Generally，their world around them is modernising.__17__ Everyday life focuses in the squares，churches and the marketplace.These Slovenian towns have many well-preserved buildings with styles of architecture dating back from the 1100s.Many churches such as Sticna Abbey and Podsreda Castle are magnificent examples of the Roman architecture.__18__ For centuries，homes have been made out of mud houses built along the main dirt road.The roof could be used for an oven，to hold chickens，or just as storage.Cairo，one of the largest cities，the older parts of it are still the heart of Egypt although built with Islamic and Coptic monuments.Chinese architecture probably has the most cultural influence.Traditionally buildings were designed for its width，not its height.Every important building is guarded around a large wall to protect their assets.While ordinary dwellings are grey and dull，palaces and places of importance are quite colourful. __19__ Each Chinese home has their entrance at the front and facing the east with a screen because it is believed that spirits travel straight and cannot go through screen.Every culture can inspire a type of architecture that can range from landmarks to everyday homes.Religion and family seem to be the most common influences overall.__20__A．Architecture is a product of cultural diversity.B．The purpose of a south-facing entrance is to avoid north winds.C．Through architecture it’s possible to judge many things about a culture.D．However，the centre of their town is ironically the older parts of the city.E．Architecture is not always defined as large but simply a home sometimes.F．Tradition and religion are the largest pieces to the Chinese culture and architecture.G．Each culture is unique and the more we learn about them，the more we appreciate our surroundings.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章举例说明了建筑与文化的关系。16．C 根据后文“For example，when one talks about India，we think of the Tahj Mahal.The Egyptians are another amazing example.Their environment and culture produced the great pyramids.How do modern cultures produce and maintain such beautiful architecture？”可知，后文的例子表明，通过建筑就可以想起某个国家，说明通过建筑可以判断文化。故C项“通过建筑可以判断一个文化的很多方面。”符合语境。故选C项。17．D 根据上文“Slovenians gained independence in 1991．The country is now economically the most progressive one.It is now helping to modernise the factories and by doing so has actually helped lower poverty rates.Generally，their world around them is modernising.”以及后文“Everyday life focuses in the squares，churches and the marketplace.”可知，后文提到人们的日常生活集中在广场、教堂和市场上，说明本句与上文构成转折，指出城镇的中心是城市的老城区。故D项“然而，讽刺的是，他们城镇的中心是城市的老城区。”符合语境。故选D项。18．E 通读后文可知，后文主要说明了房屋这种小的建筑，E项中的home对应后文中的houses。故E项“建筑并不总是被定义为大的，它有时只是一个家。”符合语境。故选E项。19．F 根据后文“Each Chinese home has their entrance at the front and facing the east with a screen because it is believed that spirits travel straight and cannot go through screen(每个中国家庭的入口都在前面，有一扇面向东方的屏风，因为人们相信灵魂是直线旅行的，不能穿过屏风。).”可知，后文提到了每个中国家庭都有面向东方的屏风，这是一种中国文化传统或宗教信念。F项“传统和宗教是中国文化和建筑的最大组成部分。”符合语境。故选F项。20．G 根据上文“Every culture can inspire a type of architecture that can range from landmarks to everyday homes.Religion and family seem to be the most common influences overall.”可知，本段总结全文，指出每一种文化都能激发建筑的灵感，宗教和家庭似乎是最普遍的影响因素。由此可推知，我们对文化越了解，越能欣赏我们所处的环境。G项“每一种文化都是独一无二的，我们对它们了解得越多，就越能欣赏我们所处的环境。”符合语境。故选G项。第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)Sylvia was mad at her work team after trying to get them to finish a job that was due that day.“I’m always the one doing all the work，” she said.“And then the team gets the__21__，even the people who don’t do anything.It’s really not__22__．”British psychologist Melanie Klein told her that there’s something that__23__ the feeling: self-centeredness.Looking at the experience in a less self-centered way can help you manage it__24__.What you should do is step back to see things from a__25__ angle，one in which we are not at the centre.In fact，you might think you already do that and take pride in never being unkind or__26__ another person.When Sylvia took herself out of the__27__，she found some of her teammates were quite__28__ and inexperienced.Maybe they were afraid they wouldn’t be good enough to__29__ some of the tasks.She began experimenting with ways to__30__ their strengths and at the same time to help them do__31__ they could be good at.Team projects__32__，as did team spirit；and within a year，she was__33__ and made a team leader.Taking yourself out of the spotlight(聚光灯) isn’t always easy.__34__，it is a great way to take proper responsibility without becoming__35__．( )21．A．idea B．jobC．praise D．skill( )22．A．bad B．enoughC．smooth D．fair( )23．A．results in B．gets overC．wipes out D．adds to( )24．A．carefully B．bitterlyC．easily D．personally( )25．A．safer B．funnierC．stranger D．wider( )26．A．controlling B．hurtingC．refusing D．helping( )27．A．stress B．fightC．centre D．anger( )28．A．young B．energeticC．daring D．brilliant( )29．A．group B．obtainC．list D．shoulder( )30．A．test B．supportC．ignore D．reject( )31．A．work B．researchC．exercises D．sports( )32．A．mattered B．improvedC．failed D．changed( )33．A．punished B．imitatedC．promoted D．persuaded( )34．A．Therefore B．MeanwhileC．Instead D．However( )35．A．annoyed B．shockedC．surprised D．embarrassed【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。希尔维娅以自我为中心，感觉团队里的工作都是她一个人完成的，其他人只是坐享其成，她很生气。但在心理学家梅兰妮·克莱茵的帮助下，她开始调整心态，并主动支持队友的优势，并让他们做自己擅长的工作。21．C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“然后团队得到了表扬，即使是那些什么都没做的人。这真的不公平”。根据上文“I’m always the one doing all the work”和句中“And then the team gets”可推知，希尔维娅抱怨说自己一个人完成所有工作，但团队得到表扬。故选C项。22．D 考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：同上题。根据上文“I’m always the one doing all the work”和“And then the team gets the __22__ even the people who don’t do anything.”可知，希尔维娅感觉团队里的工作都是她一个人完成的，同时其他人坐享其成，跟着受表扬，所以这不公平。故选D项。23．A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：英国心理学家梅兰妮·克莱因告诉她，有一些东西导致了这种感觉：自我中心。results in导致；gets over克服；wipes out消灭；adds to加入。根据前文的“British psychologist Melanie Klein”可推知，心理学家在帮助希尔维娅分析原因，弄清楚是什么导致了她有这种感受。故选A项。24．C 考查副词词义辨析。句意：用一种不那么以自我为中心的方式来看待这段经历可以帮助你更容易地管理它。carefully小心地，仔细地；bitterly愤怒地，痛苦地；easily容易地；personally就个人而言。根据前文的“Looking at the experience in a less self-centered way can help you”可知，心理学家梅兰妮·克莱因提出了专业的建议，让她更容易管理自己的感受。故选C项。25．D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你应该做的是退一步，从一个更广阔的角度看问题，一个我们不是在中心的角度。根据上文可知，心理学家梅兰妮·克莱因指出希尔维娅产生那些想法的原因是“self-centeredness”，即“以自我为中心”；心理学家提出新的看问题的方式“__25__angle，one in which we are not at the centre”，即“一个不以我们为中心的角度”。与之前“以自我为中心”相比较而言，这一角度不狭隘，是一种更为广阔的角度。故选D项。26．B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，你可能认为你已经这样做了，并为从未不友善或伤害别人而自豪。根据前文的unkind可知，此处指对人不友好或伤害别人。故选B项。27．C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当希尔维娅从自我中心走出来时，她发现她的一些队友相当年轻且缺乏经验。根据最后一段中的“Taking yourself out of the spotlight(聚光灯) isn’t always easy.”可知，此处指希尔维娅从以自我为中心走出来后，对队友有了新的发现，能够理解他们的行为了。故选C项。28．A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上题。young年轻的；energetic精力充沛的；daring勇于冒险的；brilliant巧妙的。根据句中的inexperienced可推断，她的一些队友年轻且缺乏经验。故选A项。29．D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许他们担心自己不够好，无法承担一些任务。group聚集；obtain得到；list列清单；shoulder承担。根据前文的inexperienced和句中的“they were afraid they wouldn’t be good enough”可知，希尔维娅的队友因年轻且缺乏经验，担心自己不够好，无法承担任务。故选D项。30．B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始尝试各种方法来支持他们的优势，同时帮助他们做他们擅长的工作。根据下文“and at the same time to help them”推知，希尔维娅支持同事的优势。故选B项。31．A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上题。根据句中“their strengths”和“they could be good at”可知，她发现队友的优势后，会帮助他们做他们擅长的工作。故选A项。32．B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：团队项目得到改善，团队精神得到提升；不到一年，她就升职了，成了团队领导。mattered要紧；improved改善；failed失败；changed改变。根据上文可知，希尔维娅不再生气和抱怨，开始帮助队友找到优势，并让他们做自己擅长的工作，所以团队的项目得到改善。故选B项。33．C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上题。punished惩罚；imitated模仿；promoted升职，晋升；persuaded说服。根据后文的“made a team leader”可知，希尔维娅晋升了。故选C项。34．D 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这是一个很好的方式来承担适当的责任而不生气。Therefore因此；Meanwhile与此同时；Instead反而；However然而。上文“Taking yourself out of the spotlight(聚光灯) isn’t always easy.”说明远离聚光灯，不再以自我为中心并不容易；下文“it is a great way”说它的好处，上下文之间是转折关系。故选D项。35．A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这是一个很好的方式来承担适当的责任而不生气。annoyed恼怒的；shocked吃惊的；surprised惊讶的；embarrassed尴尬的。根据第一段第一句“Sylvia was mad at her work team after trying to get them to finish a job that was due that day.”可知，希尔维娅之前以自我为中心，所以生团队的气，但现在她不再以自我为中心，远离了聚光灯，这让她不那么生气了。故选A项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)As the saying goes，“Confidence in 36．________(you) is the first step on the road 37．__________ success.” Confidence plays an important role in our study.With confidence，we can plan our own study.With confidence，we can ask 38．________ we don’t know without feeling 39．________(embarrass).With confidence，we can be open-minded all the time.We may gain self-confidence in many ways.Making friends or 40．________(exchange) ideas with classmates may be of help.Besides，taking 41．________ active part in all kinds of activities and 42．________(compete) requires not only great courage and skill but also self-confidence.We need to have confidence.43．________，“Confidence is a plant of slow growth.” For me，I prefer to offer help to others.This is a chance 44．________(understand) others as well as to test what I suppose I know.In our study，we must learn to share，which in turn helps us learn to learn，and 45．________(hope)，self-confidence is the key!【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自信的重要性和如何变得自信的方法，并且作者以自身为例进行说明。36．yourself 考查反身代词。句意：常言道：“自信是走向成功的第一步。”此空是作介词in的宾语，意为“相信自己”，应该用反身代词作宾语。故填yourself。37．to 考查介词。句意：同上题。固定短语“the road to...”意为“通向……的道路”。故填to。38．whatever 考查宾语从句。句意：有了自信，我们可以问任何我们不知道的事，不会感到尴尬。分析句子结构可知，“38．________ we don’t know”作动词ask的宾语，故空处应填宾语从句的连接代词。分析从句可知，此空作动词know的宾语，再结合语境可知，此处表示“任何我们不知道的事”，应填whatever。故填whatever。39．embarrassed 考查形容词。句意：同上题。feel后接形容词作表语，动词“embarrass使窘迫”应变为形容词，且此处表示“我们感到尴尬的”，所以填embarrassed，意为“尴尬的”。故填embarrassed。40．exchanging 考查动词的-ing形式。句意：交朋友或者和同学们交换想法可能是有用的。or是连词，前后是并列结构，“Making friends”是动词的-ing形式作主语，“40．________(exchange) ideas”也应该是动词的-ing形式作主语。故填exchanging。41．an 考查冠词。句意：另外，积极参加各种各样的活动和比赛不仅需要勇气和技巧，还需要自信。固定短语“take an active part in”意为“积极参加”。故填an。42．competitions 考查名词的数。句意：积极参加各种各样的活动和比赛不仅需要勇气和技巧，还需要自信。and连接两个名词作介词in的宾语，动词“compete竞争”应变为名词。“competition竞争”为可数名词，由前文的修饰词“all kinds of”可知应用名词的复数形式。故填competitions。43．However 考查副词。句意：然而，“自信是一棵缓慢生长的植物”。此句与上文“We need to have confidence.”构成转折关系，此空后有逗号与下个句子隔开，应用however。空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填However。44．to understand 考查动词不定式。句意：这是理解别人也是测试我认为我知道的东西的一个机会。名词chance后通常跟不定式作后置定语。故填to understand。45．hopefully 考查副词。修饰句子“...self-confidence is the key！”应用hope的副词形式。故填hopefully。第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华，上周末去乡村参加了为期一天的环保宣传活动。请给笔友Mike写一封信，介绍这次活动。内容包括：1．参加人员；2．活动内容；3．你的感受。注意：1．词数80左右；开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Mike，________________________________________________________________________Yours，Li HuaOne possible version：Dear Mike，I’m happy to share my voluntary experience with you.Last weekend，our class organised an environmental protection activity in the countryside.All the students and teachers in our school took part in it.We went to a village called Yongxing Village，where we worked in two groups.The first group collected the rubbish，and the second group distributed leaflets.Besides，we gave a speech on white pollution in the square.By taking part in this activity，I think all of us should play a role in protecting the environment for the sake of people’s health and happiness.Have you done any voluntary work recently？Looking forward to your sharing.Yours，Li Hua第二节(满分25分)If there’s one thing I can’t stand people saying，it is “I’m no good at anything. I don’t have any talent.” I just don’t buy that at all.To me，everyone has at least one talent，and while it sometimes takes you a lifetime to find，it does exist.There was a time when I didn’t believe that.What changed my mind was a seemingly small event that took place in 1953．At that time，I was a high school student.I was a funny-looking skinny boy named Eugene Orowitz，who weighed barely 100 pounds.I was a good student，but as far as I was concerned，in just about every other department I was a loser.I wanted to fit in，to be someone and do something well.But I hadn’t found anything I was good at.One sunny afternoon，our gym class went out to the school’s running track.The teacher taught us all various track-and-field events.I was a loser in all of them.Then came the javelin(标枪).Suddenly，something inside me began saying，“Try it！Try it！” I had to wait my turn，though，trying not to look too eager.Finally，when everyone had had a chance to throw — the best throw going about 30 yards — I looked at the teacher.“Hey，Orowitz，you want to try？” he asked.Embarrassed，I looked down，but managed to nod my head.“Well，come on then，” he said impatiently，and handed me the javelin.Behind me I could hear some of my classmates laughing.As I grasped the javelin in my hand，I was seized with a strange feeling — a new-found excitement.For some crazy reason，I was relaxed over what I was about to do，even though I’d never done it before.I raised the javelin over my head，took six quick steps and let the thing go.The same voice that had urged me to throw it，now told me it was a good throw.注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。I watched as the javelin took off.My heart quickened ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________One possible version：I watched as the javelin took off.My heart quickened as I saw it continue to sail，30 yards out，then 40 yards.As it went past the 50-yard mark，it was still going.For a minute nothing was said.Then someone whispered，“Holy cow！”And others began cheering.Nobody could believe what I had just done.I took the javelin back to the gym teacher.“You keep the thing，”he said，still shaking his head in wonder.That night I took the javelin home with me._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________One possible version：That night I took the javelin home with me.The very next day，I began practising with it，and every day that summer — for six hours or more — I would throw it in a nearby schoolyard.By the time I was a member of the track team，all my practice paid off.I threw the javelin 211 feet that year，the best throw by any high-school boy in the country.I feel strongly that we must keep our minds open.We can’t let ourselves be discouraged or depressed when the talent doesn’t readily appear.
相关资料
更多
