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北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语（A卷）试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语（A卷）试卷（Word版附解析），文件包含北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高二下学期期中练习英语A卷Word版含解析docx、北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高二下学期期中练习英语A卷Word版无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共33页， 欢迎下载使用。
考试时间：90分钟
第一部分 知识运用 (共两节, 30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分, 共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Early in my teaching career, I heard cuntless make-believe stries fr unfinished hmewrk. Then I grew less trusting and quitted ___1___ any excuse. When the students at my new schl didn’t finish hmewrk, I never asked why. Instead, I just sighed ludly and recrded a zer in the grade bk. I sn gained the ___2___ I thught I wanted.
One day, Anthny apprached me. “Culd I talk t yu?” he asked ___3___. “I knw yu said n excuse, but I dn’t want yu t think I’m ___4___ because I ften cme withut my hmewrk.” He then lked up at me fr the first time. “It’s just that... my dad mved ut, and my mm wrks at night, s I have t lk after my little brthers. Often, they cry a lt, and it’s hard fr me t ___5___...”
I was abut t ask why he didn’t tell me earlier when I suddenly realized why. S I changed the ___6___. “Wuld it help if yu stayed after schl and wrked n it befre yu g hme?”
He ndded hard.
Anthny became the first student in my after-schl study sessin. Several days later, Terrell jined him, fllwed by Sandy and Randy. Befre lng, I had a rm full f students. Their stries were nt amusing, but all very ___7___:
·The pwer cmpany ___8___ ur lights because we culdn’t pay the bill.
·My dad says schlwrk is just a waste f time.
·We dn’t have any paper in the huse.
I thus discvered nt all kids cme frm families that are ___9___. Nt all kids have a quiet bedrm with a desk and study light. Sme dn’t even have hme. Mst imprtantly, I learned that “I’ll listen” _____10_____ better than “N excuse!”
1. A. inventingB. findingC. acceptingD. ffering
2. A. reputatinB. benefitC. experienceD. praise
3. A. ludlyB. shylyC. curiuslyD. eagerly
4. A. prB. meanC. lazyD. weak
5. A. behaveB. cncentrateC. struggleD. cmpete
6. A. questinB. tuneC. prcessD. thught
7. A. cmplexB. mvingC. clD. real
8. A. brke dwnB. put utC. cut ffD. shut ut
9. A. disciplinedB. peacefulC. traditinalD. supprtive
10. A. wrksB. feelsC. understandsD. cntrls
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者作为老师，对任何没有交作业的学生都不接受理由，但是安东尼改变了她，让她开始学会倾听学生，也意识到倾听比不让孩子找借口更有效。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我变得不那么信任了，不再接受任何借口。A. inventing发明；B. finding发现；C. accepting接受；D. ffering提供。根据上文“I heard cuntless make-believe stries fr unfinished hmewrk.”推知，作者不再接受任何借口。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很快就获得了我认为我想要的声誉。A. reputatin名声，名誉；B. benefit益处，好处；C. experience经历，经验；D. praise表扬。根据上文“Instead, I just sighed ludly and recrded a zer in the grade bk.”推知，学生不完成作业的情况有所改善，作者得到了自己想要的“好老师”的声誉。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我能和你谈谈吗？”他害羞地问。A. ludly大声地；B. shyly害羞地；C. curiusly好奇地；D. eagerly迫切地。根据下文“because I ften cme withut my hmewrk.”可知，男孩常常没有完成作业，因此和老师说话时应该是害羞的。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我知道你说没有借口，但我不想让你认为我很懒，因为我经常不带作业来。”A. pr贫穷的，可怜的；B. mean吝啬的；C. lazy懒惰的；D. weak虚弱的，差的。根据“because I ften cme withut my hmewrk.”推知，男孩不希望作者因为他常常不做作业就认为他懒惰。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“只是……我爸爸搬出去了，我妈妈晚上工作，所以我必须照顾我的小弟弟。他们经常哭，我很难集中注意力……”A. behave举止；B. cncentrate集中注意力；C. struggle挣扎；D. cmpete竞争。根据“Often, they cry a lt”可知，弟弟们的哭声让男孩很难集中注意力。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我改变了问题。A. questin问题；B. tune调子；C. prcess进程，过程；D. thught想法。根据上文“I was abut t ask why he didn’t tell me earlier when I suddenly realized why.”和下文“Wuld it help if yu stayed after schl and wrked n it befre yu g hme?”可知，作者改变了自己原本打算问男孩的问题。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她们的故事不再令人发笑，所有的都非常真实。A. cmplex复杂的；B. mving令人感动的；C. cl酷的，凉爽的；D. real真的。呼应上文“I heard cuntless make-believe stries fr unfinished hmewrk”可知，现在孩子们没有完成作业的原因都是真实的。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：因为我们付不起账单，电力公司把我们的灯关掉了。A. brke dwn出故障；B. put ut熄灭；C. cut ff切断；D. shut ut把……关在门外。根据“because we culdn’t pay the bill.”可知，因为付不起电费，所以电力公司切断电源，即关了灯。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，我发现并非所有的孩子都来自可以给与他们帮助的家庭。A. disciplined遵守纪律的；B. peaceful和平的；C. traditinal传统的；D. supprtive给与帮助的，支持的。根据下文“Nt all kids have a quiet bedrm with a desk and study light. Sme dn’t even have hme.”推知，并非所有的孩子都来自可以给他们的学习提供帮助的家庭。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我学会了“我会倾听”比“没有借口”更有效!A. wrks工作，起作用，凑效；B. feels感觉；C. understands理解；D. cntrls控制。根据上文讲述的故事可知，作者规定学生不能为没有完成作业找借口，后来通过倾听，孩子们告诉了作者真实的原因，而不再是乱编的谎话。由此可知，作者认为“我会倾听”比“没有接口”更有效。故选A。
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分, 共15分)
A
阅读下列短文， 根据短文内容填空。 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Emtinal intelligence is the ability ____11____ (understand), use and manage yur wn emtins in psitive ways t relieve stress, cmmunicate effectively. Emtinal intelligence helps yu build strnger relatinships, succeed at schl and wrk, and achieve yur career and persnal gals. It can als help yu t cnnect ____12____ yur feelings, turn intentin int actin, and make gd decisins ____13____ (base) n definite knwledge r infrmatin.
【答案】11. t understand
12. with 13. based
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了什么是情商和情商的作用。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：情商是一种理解、利用和管理自己情绪的能力，它能以积极的方式缓解压力，有效沟通。空处修饰the ability，用动词不定式作后置定语。故填t understand。
【12题详解】
考查介词。句意：它还可以帮助你联系自己感受，将意图转化为行动，并根据明确的知识或信息做出正确的决定。cnnect with为固定短语，意思为：与……联系。故填with。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。make为动词，空处为非谓语动词，结合句意，表示做决定的方式，作状语，be based n“依据”为固定短语，此处表示被动，用过去分词。故填based。
B
阅读下列短文， 根据短文内容填空。 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Fr centuries, peple ____14____ (express) their deep feeling t their lved nes in the frm f petry. Pems abut nature, ____15____ express the pet’s appreciatin f the beauty in the wrld, are als cmmn. ____16____ (sad), many pems have als been written t express anger at the destructin f nature and reactins t hrrific events like war and death.
【答案】14. have expressed
15. which 16. Sadly
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对诗歌的常见主题进行了介绍。
【14题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：几个世纪以来，人们一直以诗歌的形式表达对所爱之人的深情。根据“Fr centuries”可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语是复数，故填have expressed。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：关于自然的诗也很常见，这些诗表达了诗人对世界之美的欣赏。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为pems，应用关系代词which。故填which。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：可悲的是，许多诗歌也表达了对自然破坏的愤怒，以及对战争和死亡等恐怖事件的反应。此处作状语应用副词sadly表示“可悲的是”。句首首字母应大写。故填Sadly。
C
阅读下列短文， 根据短文内容填空。 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
After earning a master’s degree in 2016, Huang Wenxiu returned t Baise, her hmetwn, instead f ____17____ (seek) a career in Beijing. “I cme frm a remte muntainus village. Quite a number f flks ____18____ (struggle) with pverty there, s all I wish is t d my part t imprve their lives,” she nce said. She invited experts t tell the villagers ____19____ they culd imprve prductin. She persuaded the villagers t expand the planting area. Meanwhile, sme villagers ____20____ (encurage) t start e-cmmerce sales. 418 peple frm 88 husehlds were ut f pverty thanks t her effrts.
【答案】17. seeking
18. are struggling##have been struggling
19. hw 20. were encuraged
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了黄文秀回到自己家乡百色，帮助家乡摆脱贫困的故事。
【17题详解】
考查动名词。句意：2016年获得硕士学位后，黄文秀没有选择在北京寻求职业发展，而是回到了她的家乡百色。空处为介词f的宾语，所以用动名词形式。故填seeking。
【18题详解】
考查时态。句意：在那里很多人与贫困作斗争，所以我所有的希望就是尽自己的一份力量来改善他们的生活。本句话为直接引语，空处在句中为谓语，所以时态可以用现在进行时，表示正在进行的动作；也可以表示一直以来都在发生，且还将持续的动作，所以用现在完成进行时。句子主语“a number f flks”为复数含义。故填are struggling/ have been struggling。
【19题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：她邀请专家告诉村民们如何提高产量。空处引导宾语从句，作从句中的方式状语，所以用连接副词hw，表示“如何隔提高产量”。故填hw。
【20题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：与此同时，一些村民被鼓励开展电子商务销售。空处为句子的谓语动词，主语“sme villagers”和该动词之间为被动关系，且描述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为复数。故填were encuraged。
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，共38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Dear Clleague,
I am writing with infrmatin abut BAC University Summer Term’s fur exciting prgrams fr high schl students. These prgrams prvide the pprtunity t study at a wrld-renwned university, strengthen English-language skills and enjy summer in Bstn. Here is a brief verview f ur prgrams:
High Schl Hnrs is a six-week residential r nline prgram in which students take BAC University undergraduate curses and earn up t 8 transferable cllege credits. Students must be entering Grades 10-12 in fall 2024.
Academic Immersin (AIM) is a three-week nn-credit residential prgram fr students t fcus intensively n a single academic tpic. This summer we are ffering three AIM tracks: Intrductin t Experimental Psychlgy, Intrductin t Medicine, and Creative Writing. All three tracks cmbine classrm wrk with hands-n experiential learning activities. Students must be entering Grade 11 r Grade 12 in fall 2024.
Summer Challenge is a tw-week residential r nline prgram in which students take tw nn-credit seminars f their chice and experience cllege life. Students must be entering Grade 12 in fall 2024.
Summer Preview is a ne-week nn-credit residential prgram in which students explre ne subject f interest while previewing the cllege experience. Students must be entering Grade 9 r Grade10 in fall 2024.
Our Summer Term’s prgrams prvide students with rigrus and cllabrative cllege life experiences that enable them t gain a strng sense f their persnal and academic ptential. Every year, ur students frm strng friendships as they undertake challenging cursewrk and participate in scial events.
I have enclsed a pster and a prgram brchure. I hpe yu will share this infrmatin with yur students. Please feel free t cntact us via email at summerhs@bac.edu if yu have any questins abut ur prgrams.
Warmly,
Amanda Nelsn
Assciate Directr
BAC University Summer Term
21. A Grade 11 student in fall 2024 wh prefers nline prgrams culd chse ________.
A. High Schl HnrsB. Academic ImmersinC. Summer ChallengeD. Summer Preview
22. Accrding t the passage, students can ________.
A. get at least 8 transferable credits in High Schl Hnrs
B. gain bth knwledge and practical experience in AIM
C. earn credits frm the curses in Summer Challenge
D. engage in in-depth research in Summer Preview
23. What’s Amanda Nelsn’s purpse in writing the letter?
A. T evaluate a summer camp.B. T prmte pre-cllege prgrams.
C. T recmmend university curses.D. T intrduce cllege learning prjects.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一封Amanda Nelsn写给同学的信，信中介绍了BAC大学夏季学期为高中生开设的四个的项目的情况。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“High Schl Hnrs is a six-week residential r nline prgram in which students take BAC University undergraduate curses and earn up t 8 transferable cllege credits.(高中荣誉课程是一个为期六周的住宿或在线课程，学生参加BAC大学的本科课程，并获得多达8个可转换的大学学分)”可知，2024年秋季，喜欢在线课程的11年级学生可以选择高中荣誉课程。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“This summer we are ffering three AIM tracks: Intrductin t Experimental Psychlgy, Intrductin t Medicine, and Creative Writing. All three tracks cmbine classrm wrk with hands-n experiential learning activities.(今年夏天，我们提供三个AIM课程：实验心理学导论，医学导论和创意写作。所有三个轨道结合课堂工作与实践体验式学习活动)”可知，学生可以在AIM中获得知识和实践经验。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I am writing with infrmatin abut BAC University Summer Term’s fur exciting prgrams fr high schl students. These prgrams prvide the pprtunity t study at a wrld-renwned university, strengthen English-language skills and enjy summer in Bstn.(我写信给你的是关于BAC大学夏季学期为高中生开设的四个令人兴奋的项目的信息。这些项目提供了在世界知名大学学习的机会，加强英语技能，并在波士顿享受夏天)”根据第二段“High Schl Hnrs is a six-week residential r nline prgram in which students take BAC University undergraduate curses and earn up t 8 transferable cllege credits.(高中荣誉课程是一个为期六周的住宿或在线课程，学生参加BAC大学的本科课程，并获得多达8个可转换的大学学分)”结合文章是一封Amanda Nelsn写给同学的信，信中介绍了BAC大学夏季学期为高中生开设的四个的项目的情况。可推知，阿曼达·纳尔逊写这封信的目的是推广大学预科课程。故选B。
B
In early 2018, I was training fr the Lndn Marathn—the first and nly marathn I wuld ever run in my life. I had treated myself t an expensive fitness watch that tracked my time, pace and splits.
At the end f my final training run—an exhausting 21 miles (34km) —I threw myself dwn n the flr the mment I gt hme, nly t see my watch had failed me. Twenty-ne miles briefly flashed n the screen befre it went blank and disappeared fr ever. I screamed in pain. That tragic image f me crying n my living rm flr pretty much sums up my relatinship with exercise tracking technlgy.
It can be a ttal jy t watch yur data change n running apps as yu get strnger and faster. I nce gt a kick ut f it, but at sme pint it became a stick I used t punish myself. I wuld watch my pace, cmpare it with ther peple’s r criticize myself fr nt ding it 30 secnds faster. I never really recgnized exercise tracking as a prblem. It seemed t me that tracking was the rute t self-imprvement, and the pint was t imprve, wasn’t it? The pint was t be better.
In the past year, the cncept f “being better” has taken n a different meaning. My mental health drpped, and things that were nce easy such as brushing my teeth became unimaginably difficult. Being better stpped meaning getting faster r strnger. It meant taking care f myself and feeling sme jy in a day. Once I started getting better, I reflected n what in my life made me happy and what did nt. S, I stpped tracking my runs and simply deleted years’ wrth f data that was nce very imprtant t me and nw meant nthing.
What has becme very clear t me since I quit tracking my runs is that I genuinely lve ding them. I run arund my lcal park with a silly little smile n my face. I lve it s much. But I d nt lve running quickly. I d nt like races. I d nt want t be pushed t be faster. Things I ntice abut my runs nw include: hw my legs feel and hw my mind feels afterwards-clear and fcused. I ntice dgs, the smell f the wild plants alng the canal and the sunshine (OK, wind and rain) n my face.
I am better. Or smetimes I am wrse. But either way I’m slwly pldding alng, and that’s gd enugh.
24. The authr cried after the final training run because she ________.
A. had t stp wrking utB. became physically wrn ut
C. lst the data n the watchD. felt a sharp pain in the legs
25. The authr used t view exercise tracking as ________.
A. a fun hbby fr enjymentB. a strng need fr recgnitin
C. a methd f escaping punishmentD. a way f being a better runner
26. What des “being better” mean t the authr nw?
A. Getting pleasure ut f winning races.B. Being mre fcused n her life gal.
C. Freeing herself frm demanding tasks.D. Imprving her verall well-being.
27. What can we cnclude frm this passage?
A. Adjustment brings happiness.B. Passin is the key t success.
C Sprts cntribute t happiness.D. Success equals self-imprvement.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经执着于通过运动跟踪数据来让自己变得更好，但这也导致作者变得不再快乐，于是作者删除了手表上的运动数据，开始专注于跑步时的感受，如今作者感到更加快乐了。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“At the end f my final training run—an exhausting 21 miles (34km) —I threw myself dwn n the flr the mment I gt hme, nly t see my watch had failed me. Twenty-ne miles briefly flashed n the screen befre it went blank and disappeared fr ever. I screamed in pain. That tragic image f me crying n my living rm flr pretty much sums up my relatinship with exercise tracking technlgy.(在最后一次训练结束时——一段令人筋疲力尽的21英里（34公里）长跑——我一回到家就一头倒在地上，结果发现手表坏了。21英里在屏幕上闪了一下，然后就消失了，永远消失了。我痛苦地尖叫起来。我在客厅地板上哭泣的悲惨画面基本上概括了我与运动追踪技术的关系)”可知，作者在最后一次训练后哭了，因为她丢失了手表上的数据。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“It can be a ttal jy t watch yur data change n running apps as yu get strnger and faster. I nce gt a kick ut f it, but at sme pint it became a stick I used t punish myself. I wuld watch my pace, cmpare it with ther peple’s r criticize myself fr nt ding it 30 secnds faster. I never really recgnized exercise tracking as a prblem. It seemed t me that tracking was the rute t self-imprvement, and the pint was t imprve, wasn’t it? The pint was t be better. (当你变得更强壮、更快时，看着你的数据在运行的应用程序上发生变化，这可能是一种完全的快乐。我曾经很喜欢它，但在某种程度上，它成了我用来惩罚自己的棍子。我会观察自己的速度，和别人比较，或者批评自己没有快30秒。我从未真正意识到运动追踪是个问题。在我看来，跟踪是自我提升的途径，而重点是提高，不是吗？关键是要变得更好)”可知，作者曾将运动跟踪视为成为更好的跑步者的一种方式。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Things I ntice abut my runs nw include: hw my legs feel and hw my mind feels afterwards-clear and fcused. I ntice dgs, the smell f the wild plants alng the canal and the sunshine (OK, wind and rain) n my face.(我现在跑步时注意到的事情包括：我的腿感觉如何，以及跑步后我的思维感觉如何——清晰而专注。我注意到狗，运河边野生植物的气味和我脸上的阳光（好吧，风雨）)”可知，“变得更好”现在对作者来说意味着改善她的整体幸福感。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，并根据第四段“In the past year, the cncept f “being better” has taken n a different meaning. My mental health drpped, and things that were nce easy such as brushing my teeth became unimaginably difficult. Being better stpped meaning getting faster r strnger. It meant taking care f myself and feeling sme jy in a day. Once I started getting better, I reflected n what in my life made me happy and what did nt. S, I stpped tracking my runs and simply deleted years’ wrth f data that was nce very imprtant t me and nw meant nthing.(在过去的一年里，“变得更好”的概念有了不同的含义。我的心理健康状况下降了，以前很容易的事情，比如刷牙，变得难以想象地困难。变得更好不再意味着变得更快或更强。这意味着要照顾好自己，在一天中感受一些快乐。一旦我开始好转，我就会反思生活中什么让我快乐，什么让我不快乐。所以，我不再跟踪我的跑步，只是删除了多年来对我非常重要的数据，而现在这些数据对我来说毫无意义)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者曾经执着于通过运动跟踪数据来让自己变得更好，但这也导致作者变得不再快乐，于是作者删除了手表上的运动数据，开始专注于跑步时的感受，如今作者感到更加快乐了。由此推知，我们可从文章得知调整带来快乐。故选A。
C
Vast numbers f ed bks appear t have been memrized by ChatGPT and its successr GPT-4, psing questins abut the legality f hw these large language mdels (LLMs) are created.
Bth artificial intelligences were develped by private firm OpenAI and trained n huge amunts f data, but which texts make up this training data is unknwn. T find ut mre, David Bamman at the University f Califrnia, Berkeley, and his clleagues lked at whether the AIs were able t fill in missing details frm a selectin f almst 600 fictin bks, drawn frm surces such as nminees (被提名者) fr the Pulitzer prize, and The New Yrk Times’s bestsellers lists ver the same time perid.
The team picked 100 passages frm each bk that cntained a single, named character. The researchers then blanked ut the name and asked the AI t fill it in. This task was designed t expse if the AIs culd return the exact right answer. “It really requires knwledge f the underlying material in rder t be able t get the name right,” says Bamman.
Bth AIs cmpleted the task with high accuracy — as much as 98 percent fr passages frm Lewis Carrll’s 1865 bk Alice’s Adventures in Wnderland — which is ut f — and 76 percent fr J.K. Rwling’s Harry Ptter and the Philspher’s Stne, which is nt. The researchers say this suggests the AIs were trained n significant prprtins f bth bks.
These AIs dn’t prduce an exact duplicate f a text in the same way as a phtcpier, which is a clearer example f infringement. “ChatGPT can recite parts f a bk because it has seen it thusands f times,” says Andres Guadamuz at the University f Sussex, UK. “The mdel cnsists f statistical frequency f wrds. It’s nt reprductin in the cpyright sense.”
“The use f wrks withut permissin in training data sets fr large language r image mdels has already emerged as ne f the mst pressing legal challenges t this nvel industry,” says Lilian Edwards at Newcastle University, UK.
Bamman says that, ultimately, the legal system in each cuntry will have t determine whether LLMs are infringing (侵犯) s. “I think that’s an pen questin that a lt f curt cases are ging t decide fr us in the cming mnths,” he says.
Regulatin is als likely t play a key rle: the Eurpean Unin’s Artificial Intelligence Act, which has been tw years in the making, will include a requirement that cmpanies making generative AI tls need t disclse any ed material used t train their mdels. That was a late change, added t the draft law in April, accrding t Reuter.
28. Bamman and his clleagues designed the task t_________.
A. cmpare the accuracy rate f ChatGPT and GPT-4
B. test the range f knwledge f ChatGPT and GPT-4
C. shw hw ChatGPT and GPT-4 memrize many bks
D. check what ChatGPT and GPT-4’s training data cnsist f
29. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. AIs were trained mre n ed wrks than thse ut f cpyright.
B. Guadamuz thinks what AIs have dne is a kind f infringement.
C. AI cmpanies need t uncver ed materials used as training data.
D. The permissin fr the use f wrks becmes a legal challenge.
30. The passage is mainly abut_________
A. The training prcess f AIs.B. The legal uncertainty f AIs.
C. The future regulatin f AIs.D. The training materials f AIs.
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能存在侵犯版权的问题，对此研究人员对人工智能进行了测试，指出未经许可在大型语言或图像模型的训练数据集中使用版权作品，已经成为这个新兴行业面临的最紧迫的法律挑战之一。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Bth artificial intelligences were develped by private firm OpenAI and trained n huge amunts f data, but which texts make up this training data is unknwn.(这两种人工智能都是由私营公司OpenAI开发的，并接受了大量数据的训练，但这些训练数据是由哪些文本组成的尚不清楚)”可知，班曼和他的同事设计这个任务是为了检查ChatGPT和GPT-4的训练数据是由什么组成的。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Regulatin is als likely t play a key rle: the Eurpean Unin’s Artificial Intelligence Act, which has been tw years in the making, will include a requirement that cmpanies making generative AI tls need t disclse any ed material used t train their mdels.(监管也可能发挥关键作用：欧盟制定了两年的《人工智能法案》将包括一项要求，即制造生成式人工智能工具的公司需要披露用于训练其模型的任何受版权保护的材料)”可知，人工智能公司需要揭露用作训练数据的版权材料。故选C。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Vast numbers f ed bks appear t have been memrized by ChatGPT and its successr GPT-4, psing questins abut the legality f hw these large language mdels (LLMs) are created. (ChatGPT及其继任者GPT-4似乎已经记住了大量受版权保护的书籍，这就对这些大型语言模型创建方式的合法性提出了质疑)”结合文章主要说明了人工智能存在侵犯版权的问题，对此研究人员对人工智能进行了测试，指出未经许可在大型语言或图像模型的训练数据集中使用版权作品，已经成为这个新兴行业面临的最紧迫的法律挑战之一。可知，本文主要论述了人工智能的法律不确定性。故选B。
D
A few years ag, the City Cuncil f Mnza, Italy, barred pet wners frm keeping gldfish in curved fishbwls. The spnsrs f the measure explained that it is cruel t keep a fish in such a bwl because the curved sides give the fish a distrted view f reality. Aside frm the measure’s significance t the pr gldfish, the stry raises an interesting philsphical questin: Hw d we knw that the reality we perceive is true?
Physicists are finding themselves in a similar truble t the gldfish’s. Fr decades they have been pursuing an ultimate thery f everything—ne cmplete and cnsistent set f fundamental laws f nature that explain every aspect f reality. It nw appears that this pursuit may generate nt a single thery but a family f intercnnected theries, each describing its wn versin f reality, as if it viewed the universe thrugh its wn fishbwl. This cncept may be difficult fr many peple t accept. Mst peple believe that there is an bjective reality ut there and that ur senses and ur science directly cnvey (传达) infrmatin abut the material wrld. In philsphy, that belief is called realism.
In physics, realism is becming difficult t defend. Instead, the idea f alternative realities is a mainstay f tday’s ppular culture. Fr example, in the science-fictin film The Matrix the human race is unknwingly living in a simulated (模拟的) virtual reality created by intelligent cmputers. Hw d we knw we are nt just cmputer-generated characters living in a Matrix-like wrld? If—like us—the beings in the simulated wrld culd nt bserve their universe frm the utside, they wuld have n reasn t dubt their wn pictures f reality.
Similarly, the gldfish’s view is nt the same as urs frm utside their curved bwl. Fr instance, because light bends as it travels frm air t water, a freely mving bject that we wuld bserve t mve in a straight line wuld be bserved by the gldfish t mve alng a curved path. The gldfish culd frm scientific laws frm their frame (框架) f reference that wuld always hld true and that wuld enable them t make predictins abut the future mtin f bjects utside the bwl. If the gldfish frmed such a thery, we wuld have t admit the gldfish’s view as a reasnable picture f reality.
The gldfish example shws that the same physical situatin can be mdeled in different ways, each emplying different fundamental elements and cncepts. It might be that t describe the universe we have t emply different theries in different situatins. It is nt the physicist’s traditinal expectatin fr a thery f nature, nr des it crrespnd t ur everyday idea f reality. But it might be the way f the universe.
31. What des the underlined wrd “distrted” in Paragraph mst prbably mean?
A. Original.B. Accurate.C. Distant.D. False.
32. What des Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?
A. The need fr a cmplete thery.B. The lasting cnflict in physics.
C. The existence f the material wrld.D. The cnventinal insight f reality.
33. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Nature’s mysteries are best left undiscvered.
B. An external wrld is independent f the bservers.
C. Peple’s theries are influenced by their viewpints.
D. It is essential t figure ut which picture f reality is better.
34. Accrding t the passage, the authr may agree that ________.
A. varius interpretatins f the universe are welcmed
B. physicists have a favrite candidate fr the final thery
C. multiple realities can be pieced tgether t shw the real wrld
D. there is still pssibility t unify different theries int a single ne
【答案】31. D 32. D 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章以鱼缸里的金鱼为例，讨论了现实主义以及人们应该如何描述宇宙。
【31题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“The spnsrs f the measure explained that it is cruel t keep a fish in such a bwl because the curved sides give the fish a distrted view f reality.”（这项措施的发起人解释说，把鱼养在这样的鱼缸里是残忍的，因为弯曲的侧面会让鱼对现实有一种distrted看法。）中的“cruel”和“curved”可以推断，发起人认为弯曲的侧面会让鱼对现实产生错误的观点，因而把鱼养在这样的鱼缸里是残忍的，所以“distrted”意为：错误的，即“false”。故选D。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Mst peple believe that there is an bjective reality ut there and that ur senses and ur science directly cnvey (传达) infrmatin abut the material wrld. In philsphy, that belief is called realism.”（大多数人相信客观现实存在，我们的感官和科学直接传达了物质世界的信息，在哲学中，这种信念被称为现实主义。）可知，本段主要讲述了人们对现实的传统见解。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“It nw appears that this pursuit may generate nt a single thery but a family f intercnnected theries, each describing its wn versin f reality, as if it viewed the universe thrugh its wn fishbwl. ”（现在看来，这种追求可能产生不是单一的理论，而是一系列相互关联的理论，每个理论都描述了自己的现实版本，就像从自己的鱼缸里看宇宙一样。）和第三段“If—like us—the beings in the simulated wrld culd nt bserve their universe frm the utside, they wuld have n reasn t dubt their wn pictures f reality.”（如果模拟世界中的生物像我们一样不能从外部观察它们的宇宙，它们就没有理由怀疑自己对现实的想象。）可知，人们视角和观点不同，会有着不同的理论。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“It might be that t describe the universe we have t emply different theries in different situatins.”（也许为了描述宇宙，我们必须在不同的情况下运用不同的理论。）和“But it might be the way f the universe.”（但这可能就是宇宙的规律。）可知，作者认为人们可以用多种理论描述宇宙，可得出作者也许会许赞同“欢迎对宇宙的不同解释”这个观点。故选A。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Psitive Effects f a Psitive Affect
Parents ften have high hpes fr hw their children will turn ut in adulthd, such as wanting them t be healthy, t feel satisfied with their career, and t have strng friendships.____35____
Recent research suggests that a teen’s affect—especially psitive affect—is ne critical factr. What exactly is affect? Affect is the tendency t express psitive r negative emtins, which in turn influences hw we experience things and determine whether t judge a given situatin as psitive r negative.____36____ Mrever, research suggests that a persn’s affect is relatively stable ver time, especially by the time ne reaches adulthd.
Affect is typically described in terms f being either psitive r negative, and it seems that psitive affect, in particular, is related t a number f beneficial utcmes in adulthd.
In supprt f this crucial rle that psitive affect has in develpment, a study by researchers at the University f Virginia fllwed teenagers and yung adults frm ages 14 t 25, allwing them t understand the predictive pwer f psitive affect acrss the critical develpmental perid frm adlescence t yung adulthd.____37____ Fr example, teens with a higher psitive affect reprted had a strnger, healthier attachment t their friends.
____38____ Psitive affect als predicted increased self-wrth and jb cmpetence, suggesting that, verall, psitive affect seems t be a key predictr f yung adult success acrss several imprtant areas f functining.
But what abut the effects f negative affect? The researchers als examined whether negative affect wuld predict prblems in yung adulthd.____39____ Thus, the imprtant takeaway is that adlescent psitive affect may have pwerful links t imprtant life utcmes in the dmains f persnal well-being, career, and scial relatinships up t a decade later.
A. Affective respnses t events typically happen autmatically.
B. S hw can parents help their children grasp the meaning f psitive affect?
C. But what factrs help prduce these utcmes as teens mve frm adlescence t adulthd?
D. Interestingly, the results suggested that psitive affect may g beynd helping teens build psitive relatinships.
E. The results uncvered that negative affect might accunt fr many life prblems when a teenager became a yung adult.
F. Unlike psitive affect, having greater negative affect did nt have any significant assciatins with any f the later life utcmes.
G. This study fund that psitive affect was strngly predictive f life utcmes in yung adulthd, such as develping better friendships.
【答案】35. C 36. A 37. G 38. D 39. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了研究者发现青少年在向成年人转变的过程中，积极的情感将会对个人幸福感、事业成功和社会关系等方面产生重大的影响。
【35题详解】
上文“Parents ften have high hpes fr hw their children will turn ut in adulthd, such as wanting them t be healthy, t feel satisfied with their career, and t have strng friendships.(父母常常对他们孩子成年后的表现寄予厚望，比如希望他们的身体健康，对自己的事业感到满意，有牢固的友谊)”说明父母希望孩子们能在成年后获得好的结果，C项“但是在青少年从青春期走向成年的过程中，哪些因素有助于产生这些结果呢？”中的“these utcmes”指代的就是之前提到过的结果。故选C项。
【36题详解】
上文“Affect is the tendency t express psitive r negative emtins, which in turn influences hw we experience things and determine whether t judge a given situatin as psitive r negative.(情感是表达积极或消极情绪的倾向，这反过来影响我们如何体验事物并决定是否判断给定的情况是积极的还是消极的)”说明情感是一种情绪倾向，是需要自我决定和自我判断的，A项“对事件的情感反应通常是自动发生的”是对上文观点的进一步解释说明。故选A项。
【37题详解】
上文“In supprt f this crucial rle that psitive affect has in develpment, a study by researchers at the University f Virginia fllwed teenagers and yung adults frm ages 14 t 25, allwing them t understand the predictive pwer f psitive affect acrss the critical develpmental perid frm adlescence t yung adulthd.(为了支持积极影响在发展中的这一关键作用，弗吉尼亚大学的研究人员对14至25岁的青少年和年轻人进行了跟踪研究，使他们能够了解从青春期到青年期这一关键发展阶段积极影响的预测能力。)”指出为了支持积极影响在发展中的这一关键作用，研究人员进行了研究，下文“Fr example, teens with a higher psitive affect reprted had a strnger, healthier attachment t their friends.(举例来说，报告认为积极影响更高的青少年对他们的朋友有更强和更健康的依恋关系)”说明积极影响的青少年更容易和朋友相处，所以空处应该承上启下，指出研究发现，G项“这项研究发现积极的影响可以更好的预测青年时期的生活结果，比如建立更好的友谊”中的“develping better friendships”和下文事例中的“had a strnger, healthier attachment t their friends”都是指和朋友建立良好的关系。故选G项。
【38题详解】
上文“Fr example, teens with a higher psitive affect reprted had a strnger, healthier attachment t their friends.(举例来说，报告认为积极影响更高的青少年对他们的朋友有更强和更健康的依恋关系)”说明积极的情感给青少年带来良好的人际关系， 而D项“有趣的是，结果表明积极的影响可能不仅仅是帮助青少年建立积极的人际关系”中的“helping teens build psitive relatinships”指的上文提到的和朋友之间良好的关系，是对上文话题的承接，讲了积极的影响的好处，下文“Psitive affect als predicted increased self-wrth and jb cmpetence, suggesting that, verall, psitive affect seems t be a key predictr f yung adult success acrss several imprtant areas f functining.(积极情感还可以预测自我价值感和工作能力的提高，这表明，总体而言，积极情感似乎是青年人在几个重要功能领域取得成功的关键预测因素。)”也是积极影响的好处，als表明和选项是并列关系，都在讲好处。故选D项。
【39题详解】
上文“But what abut the effects f negative affect? The researchers als examined whether negative affect wuld predict prblems in yung adulthd.”（但是负面影响的影响呢？研究人员还研究了负面影响是否会预测年轻成年期的问题。）可知在探究负面影响的预测。下文“Thus, the imprtant takeaway is that adlescent psitive affect may have pwerful links t imprtant life utcmes in the dmains f persnal well-being, career, and scial relatinships up t a decade later..(因此，重要的一点是，青少年的积极影响可能与十年后个人幸福、职业和社会关系领域的重要生活结果有着密切的联系。)可知，下文在强调积极影响与生活的关联。F项“与积极影响不同，负面影响不会与以后的生活结果有任何显著关联。”承接上文探究负面影响的测试结果，引起下文对于积极影响对于生活影响的进一步说明。故选F。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，共32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Engaging in meaningful cnversatins with thers strengthens scial bnds and bsts well—being far mre than small talk des. Yet many peple fear r even actively avid intimate (亲密的) cnversatins, especially with thse they dn’t knw well. Why are we s unwilling t engage in an activity that culd benefit us s acutely? Accrding t new research, it may be due t miscalculated expectatins, and changing them culd fster deeper cnnectins.
In a series f studies published in the Jurnal f Persnality and Scial Psychlgy, participants either engaged in “shallw” cnversatins (speaking, fr example, abut their sleep schedule r hw ften they get haircuts) r “deep” discussins (cvering embarrassing mments r what they’re grateful fr). Befre chatting, they predicted hw awkward and uncmfrtable the cnversatin wuld be, hw clse they wuld feel t their cnversatin partner afterward, and hw much they wuld enjy the interactin. Participants wh cnsistently verestimated the awkwardness f the cnversatins als greatly underestimated hw much they’d enjy the mre intimate cnversatins, as well as hw clse they’d feel t their partner.
The nticeable difference between participants’ expectatins and their actual experience seemed rted in the assumptin that cnversatin partners wuldn’t care abut the details f their lives. “We underestimate, essentially, hw scial thers are,” explains study authr Nichlas Epley, a psychlgist at the University f Chicag.
Such an assumptin culd be a barrier t frming deeper cnnectins with thers, Epley believes. Yet participants appeared able t curse-crrect. When they were tld ahead f time that it’s cmmn t underestimate hw much strangers care abut each ther, they vluntarily steered the talks int deeper directins, ptentially reaping the benefits f ding s.
A single reminder likely isn’t enugh t permanently change miscalculated assumptins, Epley warns. But making the effrt t engage in just a few psitive interactins culd help smene mentally reset. “After having a meaningful cnversatin, peple usually want t have anther ne,” he says. “But yu can learn nly frm experiences that yu have,” he adds. “If yu think it will be unpleasant t talk t smene and therefre never try, yu’ll never find ut that yu were wrng.”
40. Why are peple unwilling t get invlved in intimate cnversatins?
________________________________________________
41. What culd stp peple frming deeper cnnectins with thers?
________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
A single reminder can permanently change ur assumptins, but we still need t engage in psitive interactins t help us mentally reset.
________________________________________________
43. D yu prefer t have a “shallw” cnversatin r a “deep” discussin with strangers? And give yur reasns. (In abut 40 wrds)
________________________________________________
【答案】40. It may be due t miscalculated expectatins./ Because f miscalculated expectatins. / Because peple have miscalculated expectatins.
41. It is the assumptins that cnversatin partners wuldn’t care abut the details f their lives.
42. A single reminder can permanently change ur assumptins, but we still need t engage in psitive interactins t help us mentally reset.
Accrding t the passage, a single reminder isn’t enugh t permanently change miscalculated assumptins, but we still need t engage in psitive interactins t help us mentally reset.
43. I prefer t have a shallw cnversatin because there is scial etiquette that we need t bserve in rder nt t make thers feel ffended. Besides, peple differ in persnalities s it is plite and cnsiderate t respect their bundaries and avid infrmatin they might view as privacy. (48 wrds)
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了生活中人们更易于“浅谈”而不是“深入交谈”的原因。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“Accrding t new research, it may be due t miscalculated expectatins, and changing them culd fster deeper cnnectins.”（根据新的研究，这可能是由于错误的预期，改变他们可以培养更深的联系。）可知，人们害怕或避免亲密的交谈的原因是由于错误的预期。故答案为：It may be due t miscalculated expectatins./ Because f miscalculated expectatins. / Because peple have miscalculated expectatins.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“The nticeable difference between participants’ expectatins and their actual experience seemed rted in the assumptin that cnversatin partners wuldn’t care abut the details f their lives. ”（参与者的期望和他们的实际经历之间的显著差异似乎植根于这样一种假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节。）第四段第一句“Such an assumptin culd be a barrier t frming deeper cnnectins with thers, Epley believes. ”（Epley 认为，这样的假设可能会成为与他人建立更深层次联系的障碍。）可知，阻碍人们与他人建立更深层次联系在于参与者交谈之前的一种假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节。故答案为：It is the assumptins that cnversatin partners wuldn’t care abut the details f their lives.
【42题详解】
考查推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“A single reminder likely isn’t enugh t permanently change miscalculated assumptins, Epley warns. But making the effrt t engage in just a few psitive interactins culd help smene mentally reset. ”（Epley 警告说，仅仅一个提醒可能不足以永久改变错误的假设。但是，努力参与一些积极的互动可以帮助人们在精神上重置。）可知，仅仅一个提醒可能不足以永久改变错误的假设。所以给出句子中“A single reminder can permanently change ur assumptins”（一个简单的提醒就可以永久地改变我们的假设）与文意不符，故答案为：A single reminder can permanently change ur assumptins, but we still need t engage in psitive interactins t help us mentally reset. Accrding t the passage, a single reminder isn’t enugh t permanently change miscalculated assumptins, but we still need t engage in psitive interactins t help us mentally reset.
【43题详解】
开放题，言之有理即可。根据文章第二段中“In a series f studies published in the Jurnal f Persnality and Scial Psychlgy, participants either engaged in “shallw” cnversatins (speaking, fr example, abut their sleep schedule r hw ften they get haircuts) r “deep” discussins (cvering embarrassing mments r what they’re grateful fr). ”（在《个性与社会心理学杂志》上发表的一系列研究中，参与者要么进行“浅谈”的谈话(例如，谈论他们的睡眠时间表或者他们多久剪一次头发) ，要么进行“深入”的讨论(讨论尴尬的时刻或者他们感激的事情)。）第三段第一句“The nticeable difference between participants’ expectatins and their actual experience seemed rted in the assumptin that cnversatin partners wuldn’t care abut the details f their lives. ”（参与者的期望和他们的实际经历之间的显著差异似乎植根于这样一种假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节。）第四段第一句“Such an assumptin culd be a barrier t frming deeper cnnectins with thers, Epley believes. ”（Epley 认为，这样的假设可能会成为与他人建立更深层次联系的障碍。）可知，在交谈前，人们都会做一个假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节，这个假设的建立会阻碍我们进行深入的交谈。说明“浅谈”不会涉及一个人的生活细节等隐私问题，所以我更喜欢浅显易懂的谈话，因为我们需要遵守社交礼仪，这样才不会让别人觉得被冒犯了。此外，人们的性格不同，所以尊重他们的界限，避免他们可能视为隐私的信息是礼貌和体贴的。故答案为：I prefer t have a shallw cnversatin because there is scial etiquette that we need t bserve in rder nt t make thers feel ffended. Besides, peple differ in persnalities s it is plite and cnsiderate t respect their bundaries and avid infrmatin they might view as privacy. (48 wrds)
第二节 书面表达(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，最近收到英国笔友Jim的邮件。在邮件中，他提到在学习三年中文后，他想通过阅读中文小说进一步提高自己的中文水平，希望你可以推荐一部适合他阅读的小说。回复一封邮件，内容须包括：
1. 推荐的小说；
2. 推荐的理由。
注意：1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs，
Li Hua
【答案】Pssible versin:
Dear David,
I’m s glad t receive yur e-mail and learn that yu have a strng interest in classical Chinese literature. S, I’m writing t recmmend Dream f the Red Chamber t yu. It is ne f the fur masterpieces f nvels in China. With the thriving and declining f fur nble families as the backgrund, it tells the lve stry between Jia Bayu and Lindaiyu. Vividly depicting the life at that time, the nvel reveals the darkness and crruptin f the ld sciety as well as the desire fr freedm and is f high artistic value.
The nvel is simple and meaningful in language and cntains many graceful classical Chinese pems, which is beneficial in imprving yur Chinese. Besides, reading this nvel will definitely help t deepen yur understanding f Chinese culture.
I sincerely hpe that yu enjy reading this nvel. (140)
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回一封邮件，向他推荐一本能提高自己中文水平的中文小说。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
对……感兴趣：have an interest in→be interested in
提高：imprve→enhance
除此之外：besides→in additin
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：S, I’m writing t recmmend Dream f the Red Chamber t yu. It is ne f the fur masterpieces f nvels in China.
拓展句：S, I’m writing t recmmend Dream f the Red Chamber t yu, which is ne f the fur masterpieces f nvels in China.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m s glad t receive yur e-mail and learn that yu have a strng interest in classical Chinese literature.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】The nvel is simple and meaningful in language and cntains many graceful classical Chinese pems, which is beneficial in imprving yur Chinese.（运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句）
考试时间：90分钟
第一部分 知识运用 (共两节, 30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分, 共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Early in my teaching career, I heard cuntless make-believe stries fr unfinished hmewrk. Then I grew less trusting and quitted ___1___ any excuse. When the students at my new schl didn’t finish hmewrk, I never asked why. Instead, I just sighed ludly and recrded a zer in the grade bk. I sn gained the ___2___ I thught I wanted.
One day, Anthny apprached me. “Culd I talk t yu?” he asked ___3___. “I knw yu said n excuse, but I dn’t want yu t think I’m ___4___ because I ften cme withut my hmewrk.” He then lked up at me fr the first time. “It’s just that... my dad mved ut, and my mm wrks at night, s I have t lk after my little brthers. Often, they cry a lt, and it’s hard fr me t ___5___...”
I was abut t ask why he didn’t tell me earlier when I suddenly realized why. S I changed the ___6___. “Wuld it help if yu stayed after schl and wrked n it befre yu g hme?”
He ndded hard.
Anthny became the first student in my after-schl study sessin. Several days later, Terrell jined him, fllwed by Sandy and Randy. Befre lng, I had a rm full f students. Their stries were nt amusing, but all very ___7___:
·The pwer cmpany ___8___ ur lights because we culdn’t pay the bill.
·My dad says schlwrk is just a waste f time.
·We dn’t have any paper in the huse.
I thus discvered nt all kids cme frm families that are ___9___. Nt all kids have a quiet bedrm with a desk and study light. Sme dn’t even have hme. Mst imprtantly, I learned that “I’ll listen” _____10_____ better than “N excuse!”
1. A. inventingB. findingC. acceptingD. ffering
2. A. reputatinB. benefitC. experienceD. praise
3. A. ludlyB. shylyC. curiuslyD. eagerly
4. A. prB. meanC. lazyD. weak
5. A. behaveB. cncentrateC. struggleD. cmpete
6. A. questinB. tuneC. prcessD. thught
7. A. cmplexB. mvingC. clD. real
8. A. brke dwnB. put utC. cut ffD. shut ut
9. A. disciplinedB. peacefulC. traditinalD. supprtive
10. A. wrksB. feelsC. understandsD. cntrls
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者作为老师，对任何没有交作业的学生都不接受理由，但是安东尼改变了她，让她开始学会倾听学生，也意识到倾听比不让孩子找借口更有效。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我变得不那么信任了，不再接受任何借口。A. inventing发明；B. finding发现；C. accepting接受；D. ffering提供。根据上文“I heard cuntless make-believe stries fr unfinished hmewrk.”推知，作者不再接受任何借口。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很快就获得了我认为我想要的声誉。A. reputatin名声，名誉；B. benefit益处，好处；C. experience经历，经验；D. praise表扬。根据上文“Instead, I just sighed ludly and recrded a zer in the grade bk.”推知，学生不完成作业的情况有所改善，作者得到了自己想要的“好老师”的声誉。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我能和你谈谈吗？”他害羞地问。A. ludly大声地；B. shyly害羞地；C. curiusly好奇地；D. eagerly迫切地。根据下文“because I ften cme withut my hmewrk.”可知，男孩常常没有完成作业，因此和老师说话时应该是害羞的。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我知道你说没有借口，但我不想让你认为我很懒，因为我经常不带作业来。”A. pr贫穷的，可怜的；B. mean吝啬的；C. lazy懒惰的；D. weak虚弱的，差的。根据“because I ften cme withut my hmewrk.”推知，男孩不希望作者因为他常常不做作业就认为他懒惰。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“只是……我爸爸搬出去了，我妈妈晚上工作，所以我必须照顾我的小弟弟。他们经常哭，我很难集中注意力……”A. behave举止；B. cncentrate集中注意力；C. struggle挣扎；D. cmpete竞争。根据“Often, they cry a lt”可知，弟弟们的哭声让男孩很难集中注意力。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我改变了问题。A. questin问题；B. tune调子；C. prcess进程，过程；D. thught想法。根据上文“I was abut t ask why he didn’t tell me earlier when I suddenly realized why.”和下文“Wuld it help if yu stayed after schl and wrked n it befre yu g hme?”可知，作者改变了自己原本打算问男孩的问题。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她们的故事不再令人发笑，所有的都非常真实。A. cmplex复杂的；B. mving令人感动的；C. cl酷的，凉爽的；D. real真的。呼应上文“I heard cuntless make-believe stries fr unfinished hmewrk”可知，现在孩子们没有完成作业的原因都是真实的。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：因为我们付不起账单，电力公司把我们的灯关掉了。A. brke dwn出故障；B. put ut熄灭；C. cut ff切断；D. shut ut把……关在门外。根据“because we culdn’t pay the bill.”可知，因为付不起电费，所以电力公司切断电源，即关了灯。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，我发现并非所有的孩子都来自可以给与他们帮助的家庭。A. disciplined遵守纪律的；B. peaceful和平的；C. traditinal传统的；D. supprtive给与帮助的，支持的。根据下文“Nt all kids have a quiet bedrm with a desk and study light. Sme dn’t even have hme.”推知，并非所有的孩子都来自可以给他们的学习提供帮助的家庭。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我学会了“我会倾听”比“没有借口”更有效!A. wrks工作，起作用，凑效；B. feels感觉；C. understands理解；D. cntrls控制。根据上文讲述的故事可知，作者规定学生不能为没有完成作业找借口，后来通过倾听，孩子们告诉了作者真实的原因，而不再是乱编的谎话。由此可知，作者认为“我会倾听”比“没有接口”更有效。故选A。
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分, 共15分)
A
阅读下列短文， 根据短文内容填空。 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Emtinal intelligence is the ability ____11____ (understand), use and manage yur wn emtins in psitive ways t relieve stress, cmmunicate effectively. Emtinal intelligence helps yu build strnger relatinships, succeed at schl and wrk, and achieve yur career and persnal gals. It can als help yu t cnnect ____12____ yur feelings, turn intentin int actin, and make gd decisins ____13____ (base) n definite knwledge r infrmatin.
【答案】11. t understand
12. with 13. based
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了什么是情商和情商的作用。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：情商是一种理解、利用和管理自己情绪的能力，它能以积极的方式缓解压力，有效沟通。空处修饰the ability，用动词不定式作后置定语。故填t understand。
【12题详解】
考查介词。句意：它还可以帮助你联系自己感受，将意图转化为行动，并根据明确的知识或信息做出正确的决定。cnnect with为固定短语，意思为：与……联系。故填with。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。make为动词，空处为非谓语动词，结合句意，表示做决定的方式，作状语，be based n“依据”为固定短语，此处表示被动，用过去分词。故填based。
B
阅读下列短文， 根据短文内容填空。 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Fr centuries, peple ____14____ (express) their deep feeling t their lved nes in the frm f petry. Pems abut nature, ____15____ express the pet’s appreciatin f the beauty in the wrld, are als cmmn. ____16____ (sad), many pems have als been written t express anger at the destructin f nature and reactins t hrrific events like war and death.
【答案】14. have expressed
15. which 16. Sadly
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对诗歌的常见主题进行了介绍。
【14题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：几个世纪以来，人们一直以诗歌的形式表达对所爱之人的深情。根据“Fr centuries”可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语是复数，故填have expressed。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：关于自然的诗也很常见，这些诗表达了诗人对世界之美的欣赏。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为pems，应用关系代词which。故填which。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：可悲的是，许多诗歌也表达了对自然破坏的愤怒，以及对战争和死亡等恐怖事件的反应。此处作状语应用副词sadly表示“可悲的是”。句首首字母应大写。故填Sadly。
C
阅读下列短文， 根据短文内容填空。 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
After earning a master’s degree in 2016, Huang Wenxiu returned t Baise, her hmetwn, instead f ____17____ (seek) a career in Beijing. “I cme frm a remte muntainus village. Quite a number f flks ____18____ (struggle) with pverty there, s all I wish is t d my part t imprve their lives,” she nce said. She invited experts t tell the villagers ____19____ they culd imprve prductin. She persuaded the villagers t expand the planting area. Meanwhile, sme villagers ____20____ (encurage) t start e-cmmerce sales. 418 peple frm 88 husehlds were ut f pverty thanks t her effrts.
【答案】17. seeking
18. are struggling##have been struggling
19. hw 20. were encuraged
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了黄文秀回到自己家乡百色，帮助家乡摆脱贫困的故事。
【17题详解】
考查动名词。句意：2016年获得硕士学位后，黄文秀没有选择在北京寻求职业发展，而是回到了她的家乡百色。空处为介词f的宾语，所以用动名词形式。故填seeking。
【18题详解】
考查时态。句意：在那里很多人与贫困作斗争，所以我所有的希望就是尽自己的一份力量来改善他们的生活。本句话为直接引语，空处在句中为谓语，所以时态可以用现在进行时，表示正在进行的动作；也可以表示一直以来都在发生，且还将持续的动作，所以用现在完成进行时。句子主语“a number f flks”为复数含义。故填are struggling/ have been struggling。
【19题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：她邀请专家告诉村民们如何提高产量。空处引导宾语从句，作从句中的方式状语，所以用连接副词hw，表示“如何隔提高产量”。故填hw。
【20题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：与此同时，一些村民被鼓励开展电子商务销售。空处为句子的谓语动词，主语“sme villagers”和该动词之间为被动关系，且描述过去的事实，所以用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为复数。故填were encuraged。
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，共38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Dear Clleague,
I am writing with infrmatin abut BAC University Summer Term’s fur exciting prgrams fr high schl students. These prgrams prvide the pprtunity t study at a wrld-renwned university, strengthen English-language skills and enjy summer in Bstn. Here is a brief verview f ur prgrams:
High Schl Hnrs is a six-week residential r nline prgram in which students take BAC University undergraduate curses and earn up t 8 transferable cllege credits. Students must be entering Grades 10-12 in fall 2024.
Academic Immersin (AIM) is a three-week nn-credit residential prgram fr students t fcus intensively n a single academic tpic. This summer we are ffering three AIM tracks: Intrductin t Experimental Psychlgy, Intrductin t Medicine, and Creative Writing. All three tracks cmbine classrm wrk with hands-n experiential learning activities. Students must be entering Grade 11 r Grade 12 in fall 2024.
Summer Challenge is a tw-week residential r nline prgram in which students take tw nn-credit seminars f their chice and experience cllege life. Students must be entering Grade 12 in fall 2024.
Summer Preview is a ne-week nn-credit residential prgram in which students explre ne subject f interest while previewing the cllege experience. Students must be entering Grade 9 r Grade10 in fall 2024.
Our Summer Term’s prgrams prvide students with rigrus and cllabrative cllege life experiences that enable them t gain a strng sense f their persnal and academic ptential. Every year, ur students frm strng friendships as they undertake challenging cursewrk and participate in scial events.
I have enclsed a pster and a prgram brchure. I hpe yu will share this infrmatin with yur students. Please feel free t cntact us via email at summerhs@bac.edu if yu have any questins abut ur prgrams.
Warmly,
Amanda Nelsn
Assciate Directr
BAC University Summer Term
21. A Grade 11 student in fall 2024 wh prefers nline prgrams culd chse ________.
A. High Schl HnrsB. Academic ImmersinC. Summer ChallengeD. Summer Preview
22. Accrding t the passage, students can ________.
A. get at least 8 transferable credits in High Schl Hnrs
B. gain bth knwledge and practical experience in AIM
C. earn credits frm the curses in Summer Challenge
D. engage in in-depth research in Summer Preview
23. What’s Amanda Nelsn’s purpse in writing the letter?
A. T evaluate a summer camp.B. T prmte pre-cllege prgrams.
C. T recmmend university curses.D. T intrduce cllege learning prjects.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一封Amanda Nelsn写给同学的信，信中介绍了BAC大学夏季学期为高中生开设的四个的项目的情况。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“High Schl Hnrs is a six-week residential r nline prgram in which students take BAC University undergraduate curses and earn up t 8 transferable cllege credits.(高中荣誉课程是一个为期六周的住宿或在线课程，学生参加BAC大学的本科课程，并获得多达8个可转换的大学学分)”可知，2024年秋季，喜欢在线课程的11年级学生可以选择高中荣誉课程。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“This summer we are ffering three AIM tracks: Intrductin t Experimental Psychlgy, Intrductin t Medicine, and Creative Writing. All three tracks cmbine classrm wrk with hands-n experiential learning activities.(今年夏天，我们提供三个AIM课程：实验心理学导论，医学导论和创意写作。所有三个轨道结合课堂工作与实践体验式学习活动)”可知，学生可以在AIM中获得知识和实践经验。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I am writing with infrmatin abut BAC University Summer Term’s fur exciting prgrams fr high schl students. These prgrams prvide the pprtunity t study at a wrld-renwned university, strengthen English-language skills and enjy summer in Bstn.(我写信给你的是关于BAC大学夏季学期为高中生开设的四个令人兴奋的项目的信息。这些项目提供了在世界知名大学学习的机会，加强英语技能，并在波士顿享受夏天)”根据第二段“High Schl Hnrs is a six-week residential r nline prgram in which students take BAC University undergraduate curses and earn up t 8 transferable cllege credits.(高中荣誉课程是一个为期六周的住宿或在线课程，学生参加BAC大学的本科课程，并获得多达8个可转换的大学学分)”结合文章是一封Amanda Nelsn写给同学的信，信中介绍了BAC大学夏季学期为高中生开设的四个的项目的情况。可推知，阿曼达·纳尔逊写这封信的目的是推广大学预科课程。故选B。
B
In early 2018, I was training fr the Lndn Marathn—the first and nly marathn I wuld ever run in my life. I had treated myself t an expensive fitness watch that tracked my time, pace and splits.
At the end f my final training run—an exhausting 21 miles (34km) —I threw myself dwn n the flr the mment I gt hme, nly t see my watch had failed me. Twenty-ne miles briefly flashed n the screen befre it went blank and disappeared fr ever. I screamed in pain. That tragic image f me crying n my living rm flr pretty much sums up my relatinship with exercise tracking technlgy.
It can be a ttal jy t watch yur data change n running apps as yu get strnger and faster. I nce gt a kick ut f it, but at sme pint it became a stick I used t punish myself. I wuld watch my pace, cmpare it with ther peple’s r criticize myself fr nt ding it 30 secnds faster. I never really recgnized exercise tracking as a prblem. It seemed t me that tracking was the rute t self-imprvement, and the pint was t imprve, wasn’t it? The pint was t be better.
In the past year, the cncept f “being better” has taken n a different meaning. My mental health drpped, and things that were nce easy such as brushing my teeth became unimaginably difficult. Being better stpped meaning getting faster r strnger. It meant taking care f myself and feeling sme jy in a day. Once I started getting better, I reflected n what in my life made me happy and what did nt. S, I stpped tracking my runs and simply deleted years’ wrth f data that was nce very imprtant t me and nw meant nthing.
What has becme very clear t me since I quit tracking my runs is that I genuinely lve ding them. I run arund my lcal park with a silly little smile n my face. I lve it s much. But I d nt lve running quickly. I d nt like races. I d nt want t be pushed t be faster. Things I ntice abut my runs nw include: hw my legs feel and hw my mind feels afterwards-clear and fcused. I ntice dgs, the smell f the wild plants alng the canal and the sunshine (OK, wind and rain) n my face.
I am better. Or smetimes I am wrse. But either way I’m slwly pldding alng, and that’s gd enugh.
24. The authr cried after the final training run because she ________.
A. had t stp wrking utB. became physically wrn ut
C. lst the data n the watchD. felt a sharp pain in the legs
25. The authr used t view exercise tracking as ________.
A. a fun hbby fr enjymentB. a strng need fr recgnitin
C. a methd f escaping punishmentD. a way f being a better runner
26. What des “being better” mean t the authr nw?
A. Getting pleasure ut f winning races.B. Being mre fcused n her life gal.
C. Freeing herself frm demanding tasks.D. Imprving her verall well-being.
27. What can we cnclude frm this passage?
A. Adjustment brings happiness.B. Passin is the key t success.
C Sprts cntribute t happiness.D. Success equals self-imprvement.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经执着于通过运动跟踪数据来让自己变得更好，但这也导致作者变得不再快乐，于是作者删除了手表上的运动数据，开始专注于跑步时的感受，如今作者感到更加快乐了。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“At the end f my final training run—an exhausting 21 miles (34km) —I threw myself dwn n the flr the mment I gt hme, nly t see my watch had failed me. Twenty-ne miles briefly flashed n the screen befre it went blank and disappeared fr ever. I screamed in pain. That tragic image f me crying n my living rm flr pretty much sums up my relatinship with exercise tracking technlgy.(在最后一次训练结束时——一段令人筋疲力尽的21英里（34公里）长跑——我一回到家就一头倒在地上，结果发现手表坏了。21英里在屏幕上闪了一下，然后就消失了，永远消失了。我痛苦地尖叫起来。我在客厅地板上哭泣的悲惨画面基本上概括了我与运动追踪技术的关系)”可知，作者在最后一次训练后哭了，因为她丢失了手表上的数据。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“It can be a ttal jy t watch yur data change n running apps as yu get strnger and faster. I nce gt a kick ut f it, but at sme pint it became a stick I used t punish myself. I wuld watch my pace, cmpare it with ther peple’s r criticize myself fr nt ding it 30 secnds faster. I never really recgnized exercise tracking as a prblem. It seemed t me that tracking was the rute t self-imprvement, and the pint was t imprve, wasn’t it? The pint was t be better. (当你变得更强壮、更快时，看着你的数据在运行的应用程序上发生变化，这可能是一种完全的快乐。我曾经很喜欢它，但在某种程度上，它成了我用来惩罚自己的棍子。我会观察自己的速度，和别人比较，或者批评自己没有快30秒。我从未真正意识到运动追踪是个问题。在我看来，跟踪是自我提升的途径，而重点是提高，不是吗？关键是要变得更好)”可知，作者曾将运动跟踪视为成为更好的跑步者的一种方式。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Things I ntice abut my runs nw include: hw my legs feel and hw my mind feels afterwards-clear and fcused. I ntice dgs, the smell f the wild plants alng the canal and the sunshine (OK, wind and rain) n my face.(我现在跑步时注意到的事情包括：我的腿感觉如何，以及跑步后我的思维感觉如何——清晰而专注。我注意到狗，运河边野生植物的气味和我脸上的阳光（好吧，风雨）)”可知，“变得更好”现在对作者来说意味着改善她的整体幸福感。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，并根据第四段“In the past year, the cncept f “being better” has taken n a different meaning. My mental health drpped, and things that were nce easy such as brushing my teeth became unimaginably difficult. Being better stpped meaning getting faster r strnger. It meant taking care f myself and feeling sme jy in a day. Once I started getting better, I reflected n what in my life made me happy and what did nt. S, I stpped tracking my runs and simply deleted years’ wrth f data that was nce very imprtant t me and nw meant nthing.(在过去的一年里，“变得更好”的概念有了不同的含义。我的心理健康状况下降了，以前很容易的事情，比如刷牙，变得难以想象地困难。变得更好不再意味着变得更快或更强。这意味着要照顾好自己，在一天中感受一些快乐。一旦我开始好转，我就会反思生活中什么让我快乐，什么让我不快乐。所以，我不再跟踪我的跑步，只是删除了多年来对我非常重要的数据，而现在这些数据对我来说毫无意义)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者曾经执着于通过运动跟踪数据来让自己变得更好，但这也导致作者变得不再快乐，于是作者删除了手表上的运动数据，开始专注于跑步时的感受，如今作者感到更加快乐了。由此推知，我们可从文章得知调整带来快乐。故选A。
C
Vast numbers f ed bks appear t have been memrized by ChatGPT and its successr GPT-4, psing questins abut the legality f hw these large language mdels (LLMs) are created.
Bth artificial intelligences were develped by private firm OpenAI and trained n huge amunts f data, but which texts make up this training data is unknwn. T find ut mre, David Bamman at the University f Califrnia, Berkeley, and his clleagues lked at whether the AIs were able t fill in missing details frm a selectin f almst 600 fictin bks, drawn frm surces such as nminees (被提名者) fr the Pulitzer prize, and The New Yrk Times’s bestsellers lists ver the same time perid.
The team picked 100 passages frm each bk that cntained a single, named character. The researchers then blanked ut the name and asked the AI t fill it in. This task was designed t expse if the AIs culd return the exact right answer. “It really requires knwledge f the underlying material in rder t be able t get the name right,” says Bamman.
Bth AIs cmpleted the task with high accuracy — as much as 98 percent fr passages frm Lewis Carrll’s 1865 bk Alice’s Adventures in Wnderland — which is ut f — and 76 percent fr J.K. Rwling’s Harry Ptter and the Philspher’s Stne, which is nt. The researchers say this suggests the AIs were trained n significant prprtins f bth bks.
These AIs dn’t prduce an exact duplicate f a text in the same way as a phtcpier, which is a clearer example f infringement. “ChatGPT can recite parts f a bk because it has seen it thusands f times,” says Andres Guadamuz at the University f Sussex, UK. “The mdel cnsists f statistical frequency f wrds. It’s nt reprductin in the cpyright sense.”
“The use f wrks withut permissin in training data sets fr large language r image mdels has already emerged as ne f the mst pressing legal challenges t this nvel industry,” says Lilian Edwards at Newcastle University, UK.
Bamman says that, ultimately, the legal system in each cuntry will have t determine whether LLMs are infringing (侵犯) s. “I think that’s an pen questin that a lt f curt cases are ging t decide fr us in the cming mnths,” he says.
Regulatin is als likely t play a key rle: the Eurpean Unin’s Artificial Intelligence Act, which has been tw years in the making, will include a requirement that cmpanies making generative AI tls need t disclse any ed material used t train their mdels. That was a late change, added t the draft law in April, accrding t Reuter.
28. Bamman and his clleagues designed the task t_________.
A. cmpare the accuracy rate f ChatGPT and GPT-4
B. test the range f knwledge f ChatGPT and GPT-4
C. shw hw ChatGPT and GPT-4 memrize many bks
D. check what ChatGPT and GPT-4’s training data cnsist f
29. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. AIs were trained mre n ed wrks than thse ut f cpyright.
B. Guadamuz thinks what AIs have dne is a kind f infringement.
C. AI cmpanies need t uncver ed materials used as training data.
D. The permissin fr the use f wrks becmes a legal challenge.
30. The passage is mainly abut_________
A. The training prcess f AIs.B. The legal uncertainty f AIs.
C. The future regulatin f AIs.D. The training materials f AIs.
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能存在侵犯版权的问题，对此研究人员对人工智能进行了测试，指出未经许可在大型语言或图像模型的训练数据集中使用版权作品，已经成为这个新兴行业面临的最紧迫的法律挑战之一。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Bth artificial intelligences were develped by private firm OpenAI and trained n huge amunts f data, but which texts make up this training data is unknwn.(这两种人工智能都是由私营公司OpenAI开发的，并接受了大量数据的训练，但这些训练数据是由哪些文本组成的尚不清楚)”可知，班曼和他的同事设计这个任务是为了检查ChatGPT和GPT-4的训练数据是由什么组成的。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Regulatin is als likely t play a key rle: the Eurpean Unin’s Artificial Intelligence Act, which has been tw years in the making, will include a requirement that cmpanies making generative AI tls need t disclse any ed material used t train their mdels.(监管也可能发挥关键作用：欧盟制定了两年的《人工智能法案》将包括一项要求，即制造生成式人工智能工具的公司需要披露用于训练其模型的任何受版权保护的材料)”可知，人工智能公司需要揭露用作训练数据的版权材料。故选C。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Vast numbers f ed bks appear t have been memrized by ChatGPT and its successr GPT-4, psing questins abut the legality f hw these large language mdels (LLMs) are created. (ChatGPT及其继任者GPT-4似乎已经记住了大量受版权保护的书籍，这就对这些大型语言模型创建方式的合法性提出了质疑)”结合文章主要说明了人工智能存在侵犯版权的问题，对此研究人员对人工智能进行了测试，指出未经许可在大型语言或图像模型的训练数据集中使用版权作品，已经成为这个新兴行业面临的最紧迫的法律挑战之一。可知，本文主要论述了人工智能的法律不确定性。故选B。
D
A few years ag, the City Cuncil f Mnza, Italy, barred pet wners frm keeping gldfish in curved fishbwls. The spnsrs f the measure explained that it is cruel t keep a fish in such a bwl because the curved sides give the fish a distrted view f reality. Aside frm the measure’s significance t the pr gldfish, the stry raises an interesting philsphical questin: Hw d we knw that the reality we perceive is true?
Physicists are finding themselves in a similar truble t the gldfish’s. Fr decades they have been pursuing an ultimate thery f everything—ne cmplete and cnsistent set f fundamental laws f nature that explain every aspect f reality. It nw appears that this pursuit may generate nt a single thery but a family f intercnnected theries, each describing its wn versin f reality, as if it viewed the universe thrugh its wn fishbwl. This cncept may be difficult fr many peple t accept. Mst peple believe that there is an bjective reality ut there and that ur senses and ur science directly cnvey (传达) infrmatin abut the material wrld. In philsphy, that belief is called realism.
In physics, realism is becming difficult t defend. Instead, the idea f alternative realities is a mainstay f tday’s ppular culture. Fr example, in the science-fictin film The Matrix the human race is unknwingly living in a simulated (模拟的) virtual reality created by intelligent cmputers. Hw d we knw we are nt just cmputer-generated characters living in a Matrix-like wrld? If—like us—the beings in the simulated wrld culd nt bserve their universe frm the utside, they wuld have n reasn t dubt their wn pictures f reality.
Similarly, the gldfish’s view is nt the same as urs frm utside their curved bwl. Fr instance, because light bends as it travels frm air t water, a freely mving bject that we wuld bserve t mve in a straight line wuld be bserved by the gldfish t mve alng a curved path. The gldfish culd frm scientific laws frm their frame (框架) f reference that wuld always hld true and that wuld enable them t make predictins abut the future mtin f bjects utside the bwl. If the gldfish frmed such a thery, we wuld have t admit the gldfish’s view as a reasnable picture f reality.
The gldfish example shws that the same physical situatin can be mdeled in different ways, each emplying different fundamental elements and cncepts. It might be that t describe the universe we have t emply different theries in different situatins. It is nt the physicist’s traditinal expectatin fr a thery f nature, nr des it crrespnd t ur everyday idea f reality. But it might be the way f the universe.
31. What des the underlined wrd “distrted” in Paragraph mst prbably mean?
A. Original.B. Accurate.C. Distant.D. False.
32. What des Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?
A. The need fr a cmplete thery.B. The lasting cnflict in physics.
C. The existence f the material wrld.D. The cnventinal insight f reality.
33. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Nature’s mysteries are best left undiscvered.
B. An external wrld is independent f the bservers.
C. Peple’s theries are influenced by their viewpints.
D. It is essential t figure ut which picture f reality is better.
34. Accrding t the passage, the authr may agree that ________.
A. varius interpretatins f the universe are welcmed
B. physicists have a favrite candidate fr the final thery
C. multiple realities can be pieced tgether t shw the real wrld
D. there is still pssibility t unify different theries int a single ne
【答案】31. D 32. D 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章以鱼缸里的金鱼为例，讨论了现实主义以及人们应该如何描述宇宙。
【31题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“The spnsrs f the measure explained that it is cruel t keep a fish in such a bwl because the curved sides give the fish a distrted view f reality.”（这项措施的发起人解释说，把鱼养在这样的鱼缸里是残忍的，因为弯曲的侧面会让鱼对现实有一种distrted看法。）中的“cruel”和“curved”可以推断，发起人认为弯曲的侧面会让鱼对现实产生错误的观点，因而把鱼养在这样的鱼缸里是残忍的，所以“distrted”意为：错误的，即“false”。故选D。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Mst peple believe that there is an bjective reality ut there and that ur senses and ur science directly cnvey (传达) infrmatin abut the material wrld. In philsphy, that belief is called realism.”（大多数人相信客观现实存在，我们的感官和科学直接传达了物质世界的信息，在哲学中，这种信念被称为现实主义。）可知，本段主要讲述了人们对现实的传统见解。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“It nw appears that this pursuit may generate nt a single thery but a family f intercnnected theries, each describing its wn versin f reality, as if it viewed the universe thrugh its wn fishbwl. ”（现在看来，这种追求可能产生不是单一的理论，而是一系列相互关联的理论，每个理论都描述了自己的现实版本，就像从自己的鱼缸里看宇宙一样。）和第三段“If—like us—the beings in the simulated wrld culd nt bserve their universe frm the utside, they wuld have n reasn t dubt their wn pictures f reality.”（如果模拟世界中的生物像我们一样不能从外部观察它们的宇宙，它们就没有理由怀疑自己对现实的想象。）可知，人们视角和观点不同，会有着不同的理论。故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“It might be that t describe the universe we have t emply different theries in different situatins.”（也许为了描述宇宙，我们必须在不同的情况下运用不同的理论。）和“But it might be the way f the universe.”（但这可能就是宇宙的规律。）可知，作者认为人们可以用多种理论描述宇宙，可得出作者也许会许赞同“欢迎对宇宙的不同解释”这个观点。故选A。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Psitive Effects f a Psitive Affect
Parents ften have high hpes fr hw their children will turn ut in adulthd, such as wanting them t be healthy, t feel satisfied with their career, and t have strng friendships.____35____
Recent research suggests that a teen’s affect—especially psitive affect—is ne critical factr. What exactly is affect? Affect is the tendency t express psitive r negative emtins, which in turn influences hw we experience things and determine whether t judge a given situatin as psitive r negative.____36____ Mrever, research suggests that a persn’s affect is relatively stable ver time, especially by the time ne reaches adulthd.
Affect is typically described in terms f being either psitive r negative, and it seems that psitive affect, in particular, is related t a number f beneficial utcmes in adulthd.
In supprt f this crucial rle that psitive affect has in develpment, a study by researchers at the University f Virginia fllwed teenagers and yung adults frm ages 14 t 25, allwing them t understand the predictive pwer f psitive affect acrss the critical develpmental perid frm adlescence t yung adulthd.____37____ Fr example, teens with a higher psitive affect reprted had a strnger, healthier attachment t their friends.
____38____ Psitive affect als predicted increased self-wrth and jb cmpetence, suggesting that, verall, psitive affect seems t be a key predictr f yung adult success acrss several imprtant areas f functining.
But what abut the effects f negative affect? The researchers als examined whether negative affect wuld predict prblems in yung adulthd.____39____ Thus, the imprtant takeaway is that adlescent psitive affect may have pwerful links t imprtant life utcmes in the dmains f persnal well-being, career, and scial relatinships up t a decade later.
A. Affective respnses t events typically happen autmatically.
B. S hw can parents help their children grasp the meaning f psitive affect?
C. But what factrs help prduce these utcmes as teens mve frm adlescence t adulthd?
D. Interestingly, the results suggested that psitive affect may g beynd helping teens build psitive relatinships.
E. The results uncvered that negative affect might accunt fr many life prblems when a teenager became a yung adult.
F. Unlike psitive affect, having greater negative affect did nt have any significant assciatins with any f the later life utcmes.
G. This study fund that psitive affect was strngly predictive f life utcmes in yung adulthd, such as develping better friendships.
【答案】35. C 36. A 37. G 38. D 39. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了研究者发现青少年在向成年人转变的过程中，积极的情感将会对个人幸福感、事业成功和社会关系等方面产生重大的影响。
【35题详解】
上文“Parents ften have high hpes fr hw their children will turn ut in adulthd, such as wanting them t be healthy, t feel satisfied with their career, and t have strng friendships.(父母常常对他们孩子成年后的表现寄予厚望，比如希望他们的身体健康，对自己的事业感到满意，有牢固的友谊)”说明父母希望孩子们能在成年后获得好的结果，C项“但是在青少年从青春期走向成年的过程中，哪些因素有助于产生这些结果呢？”中的“these utcmes”指代的就是之前提到过的结果。故选C项。
【36题详解】
上文“Affect is the tendency t express psitive r negative emtins, which in turn influences hw we experience things and determine whether t judge a given situatin as psitive r negative.(情感是表达积极或消极情绪的倾向，这反过来影响我们如何体验事物并决定是否判断给定的情况是积极的还是消极的)”说明情感是一种情绪倾向，是需要自我决定和自我判断的，A项“对事件的情感反应通常是自动发生的”是对上文观点的进一步解释说明。故选A项。
【37题详解】
上文“In supprt f this crucial rle that psitive affect has in develpment, a study by researchers at the University f Virginia fllwed teenagers and yung adults frm ages 14 t 25, allwing them t understand the predictive pwer f psitive affect acrss the critical develpmental perid frm adlescence t yung adulthd.(为了支持积极影响在发展中的这一关键作用，弗吉尼亚大学的研究人员对14至25岁的青少年和年轻人进行了跟踪研究，使他们能够了解从青春期到青年期这一关键发展阶段积极影响的预测能力。)”指出为了支持积极影响在发展中的这一关键作用，研究人员进行了研究，下文“Fr example, teens with a higher psitive affect reprted had a strnger, healthier attachment t their friends.(举例来说，报告认为积极影响更高的青少年对他们的朋友有更强和更健康的依恋关系)”说明积极影响的青少年更容易和朋友相处，所以空处应该承上启下，指出研究发现，G项“这项研究发现积极的影响可以更好的预测青年时期的生活结果，比如建立更好的友谊”中的“develping better friendships”和下文事例中的“had a strnger, healthier attachment t their friends”都是指和朋友建立良好的关系。故选G项。
【38题详解】
上文“Fr example, teens with a higher psitive affect reprted had a strnger, healthier attachment t their friends.(举例来说，报告认为积极影响更高的青少年对他们的朋友有更强和更健康的依恋关系)”说明积极的情感给青少年带来良好的人际关系， 而D项“有趣的是，结果表明积极的影响可能不仅仅是帮助青少年建立积极的人际关系”中的“helping teens build psitive relatinships”指的上文提到的和朋友之间良好的关系，是对上文话题的承接，讲了积极的影响的好处，下文“Psitive affect als predicted increased self-wrth and jb cmpetence, suggesting that, verall, psitive affect seems t be a key predictr f yung adult success acrss several imprtant areas f functining.(积极情感还可以预测自我价值感和工作能力的提高，这表明，总体而言，积极情感似乎是青年人在几个重要功能领域取得成功的关键预测因素。)”也是积极影响的好处，als表明和选项是并列关系，都在讲好处。故选D项。
【39题详解】
上文“But what abut the effects f negative affect? The researchers als examined whether negative affect wuld predict prblems in yung adulthd.”（但是负面影响的影响呢？研究人员还研究了负面影响是否会预测年轻成年期的问题。）可知在探究负面影响的预测。下文“Thus, the imprtant takeaway is that adlescent psitive affect may have pwerful links t imprtant life utcmes in the dmains f persnal well-being, career, and scial relatinships up t a decade later..(因此，重要的一点是，青少年的积极影响可能与十年后个人幸福、职业和社会关系领域的重要生活结果有着密切的联系。)可知，下文在强调积极影响与生活的关联。F项“与积极影响不同，负面影响不会与以后的生活结果有任何显著关联。”承接上文探究负面影响的测试结果，引起下文对于积极影响对于生活影响的进一步说明。故选F。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，共32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Engaging in meaningful cnversatins with thers strengthens scial bnds and bsts well—being far mre than small talk des. Yet many peple fear r even actively avid intimate (亲密的) cnversatins, especially with thse they dn’t knw well. Why are we s unwilling t engage in an activity that culd benefit us s acutely? Accrding t new research, it may be due t miscalculated expectatins, and changing them culd fster deeper cnnectins.
In a series f studies published in the Jurnal f Persnality and Scial Psychlgy, participants either engaged in “shallw” cnversatins (speaking, fr example, abut their sleep schedule r hw ften they get haircuts) r “deep” discussins (cvering embarrassing mments r what they’re grateful fr). Befre chatting, they predicted hw awkward and uncmfrtable the cnversatin wuld be, hw clse they wuld feel t their cnversatin partner afterward, and hw much they wuld enjy the interactin. Participants wh cnsistently verestimated the awkwardness f the cnversatins als greatly underestimated hw much they’d enjy the mre intimate cnversatins, as well as hw clse they’d feel t their partner.
The nticeable difference between participants’ expectatins and their actual experience seemed rted in the assumptin that cnversatin partners wuldn’t care abut the details f their lives. “We underestimate, essentially, hw scial thers are,” explains study authr Nichlas Epley, a psychlgist at the University f Chicag.
Such an assumptin culd be a barrier t frming deeper cnnectins with thers, Epley believes. Yet participants appeared able t curse-crrect. When they were tld ahead f time that it’s cmmn t underestimate hw much strangers care abut each ther, they vluntarily steered the talks int deeper directins, ptentially reaping the benefits f ding s.
A single reminder likely isn’t enugh t permanently change miscalculated assumptins, Epley warns. But making the effrt t engage in just a few psitive interactins culd help smene mentally reset. “After having a meaningful cnversatin, peple usually want t have anther ne,” he says. “But yu can learn nly frm experiences that yu have,” he adds. “If yu think it will be unpleasant t talk t smene and therefre never try, yu’ll never find ut that yu were wrng.”
40. Why are peple unwilling t get invlved in intimate cnversatins?
________________________________________________
41. What culd stp peple frming deeper cnnectins with thers?
________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
A single reminder can permanently change ur assumptins, but we still need t engage in psitive interactins t help us mentally reset.
________________________________________________
43. D yu prefer t have a “shallw” cnversatin r a “deep” discussin with strangers? And give yur reasns. (In abut 40 wrds)
________________________________________________
【答案】40. It may be due t miscalculated expectatins./ Because f miscalculated expectatins. / Because peple have miscalculated expectatins.
41. It is the assumptins that cnversatin partners wuldn’t care abut the details f their lives.
42. A single reminder can permanently change ur assumptins, but we still need t engage in psitive interactins t help us mentally reset.
Accrding t the passage, a single reminder isn’t enugh t permanently change miscalculated assumptins, but we still need t engage in psitive interactins t help us mentally reset.
43. I prefer t have a shallw cnversatin because there is scial etiquette that we need t bserve in rder nt t make thers feel ffended. Besides, peple differ in persnalities s it is plite and cnsiderate t respect their bundaries and avid infrmatin they might view as privacy. (48 wrds)
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了生活中人们更易于“浅谈”而不是“深入交谈”的原因。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“Accrding t new research, it may be due t miscalculated expectatins, and changing them culd fster deeper cnnectins.”（根据新的研究，这可能是由于错误的预期，改变他们可以培养更深的联系。）可知，人们害怕或避免亲密的交谈的原因是由于错误的预期。故答案为：It may be due t miscalculated expectatins./ Because f miscalculated expectatins. / Because peple have miscalculated expectatins.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“The nticeable difference between participants’ expectatins and their actual experience seemed rted in the assumptin that cnversatin partners wuldn’t care abut the details f their lives. ”（参与者的期望和他们的实际经历之间的显著差异似乎植根于这样一种假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节。）第四段第一句“Such an assumptin culd be a barrier t frming deeper cnnectins with thers, Epley believes. ”（Epley 认为，这样的假设可能会成为与他人建立更深层次联系的障碍。）可知，阻碍人们与他人建立更深层次联系在于参与者交谈之前的一种假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节。故答案为：It is the assumptins that cnversatin partners wuldn’t care abut the details f their lives.
【42题详解】
考查推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“A single reminder likely isn’t enugh t permanently change miscalculated assumptins, Epley warns. But making the effrt t engage in just a few psitive interactins culd help smene mentally reset. ”（Epley 警告说，仅仅一个提醒可能不足以永久改变错误的假设。但是，努力参与一些积极的互动可以帮助人们在精神上重置。）可知，仅仅一个提醒可能不足以永久改变错误的假设。所以给出句子中“A single reminder can permanently change ur assumptins”（一个简单的提醒就可以永久地改变我们的假设）与文意不符，故答案为：A single reminder can permanently change ur assumptins, but we still need t engage in psitive interactins t help us mentally reset. Accrding t the passage, a single reminder isn’t enugh t permanently change miscalculated assumptins, but we still need t engage in psitive interactins t help us mentally reset.
【43题详解】
开放题，言之有理即可。根据文章第二段中“In a series f studies published in the Jurnal f Persnality and Scial Psychlgy, participants either engaged in “shallw” cnversatins (speaking, fr example, abut their sleep schedule r hw ften they get haircuts) r “deep” discussins (cvering embarrassing mments r what they’re grateful fr). ”（在《个性与社会心理学杂志》上发表的一系列研究中，参与者要么进行“浅谈”的谈话(例如，谈论他们的睡眠时间表或者他们多久剪一次头发) ，要么进行“深入”的讨论(讨论尴尬的时刻或者他们感激的事情)。）第三段第一句“The nticeable difference between participants’ expectatins and their actual experience seemed rted in the assumptin that cnversatin partners wuldn’t care abut the details f their lives. ”（参与者的期望和他们的实际经历之间的显著差异似乎植根于这样一种假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节。）第四段第一句“Such an assumptin culd be a barrier t frming deeper cnnectins with thers, Epley believes. ”（Epley 认为，这样的假设可能会成为与他人建立更深层次联系的障碍。）可知，在交谈前，人们都会做一个假设，即交谈对象不会关心他们生活中的细节，这个假设的建立会阻碍我们进行深入的交谈。说明“浅谈”不会涉及一个人的生活细节等隐私问题，所以我更喜欢浅显易懂的谈话，因为我们需要遵守社交礼仪，这样才不会让别人觉得被冒犯了。此外，人们的性格不同，所以尊重他们的界限，避免他们可能视为隐私的信息是礼貌和体贴的。故答案为：I prefer t have a shallw cnversatin because there is scial etiquette that we need t bserve in rder nt t make thers feel ffended. Besides, peple differ in persnalities s it is plite and cnsiderate t respect their bundaries and avid infrmatin they might view as privacy. (48 wrds)
第二节 书面表达(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，最近收到英国笔友Jim的邮件。在邮件中，他提到在学习三年中文后，他想通过阅读中文小说进一步提高自己的中文水平，希望你可以推荐一部适合他阅读的小说。回复一封邮件，内容须包括：
1. 推荐的小说；
2. 推荐的理由。
注意：1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs，
Li Hua
【答案】Pssible versin:
Dear David,
I’m s glad t receive yur e-mail and learn that yu have a strng interest in classical Chinese literature. S, I’m writing t recmmend Dream f the Red Chamber t yu. It is ne f the fur masterpieces f nvels in China. With the thriving and declining f fur nble families as the backgrund, it tells the lve stry between Jia Bayu and Lindaiyu. Vividly depicting the life at that time, the nvel reveals the darkness and crruptin f the ld sciety as well as the desire fr freedm and is f high artistic value.
The nvel is simple and meaningful in language and cntains many graceful classical Chinese pems, which is beneficial in imprving yur Chinese. Besides, reading this nvel will definitely help t deepen yur understanding f Chinese culture.
I sincerely hpe that yu enjy reading this nvel. (140)
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回一封邮件，向他推荐一本能提高自己中文水平的中文小说。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
对……感兴趣：have an interest in→be interested in
提高：imprve→enhance
除此之外：besides→in additin
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：S, I’m writing t recmmend Dream f the Red Chamber t yu. It is ne f the fur masterpieces f nvels in China.
拓展句：S, I’m writing t recmmend Dream f the Red Chamber t yu, which is ne f the fur masterpieces f nvels in China.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m s glad t receive yur e-mail and learn that yu have a strng interest in classical Chinese literature.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】The nvel is simple and meaningful in language and cntains many graceful classical Chinese pems, which is beneficial in imprving yur Chinese.（运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句）
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