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北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一英语上学期期中考试试卷（B卷）（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一英语上学期期中考试试卷（B卷）（Word版附解析），共30页。试卷主要包含了5 分，共 15 分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
丰台区2023-2024学年度第一学期期中练习
高一英语（B卷）
考试时间：90分钟
笔试（共三部分 100分）
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was lucky enough to test into the best high school in the city. But then came my ___1___: Am I good enough? It was a question that ___2___ me through my first month, even as I began to settle in, even as I got used to the early morning wake-ups and moving between buildings for class.
I knew I had to work to ground myself. My earliest strategy involved keeping quiet and trying to ___3___ my new classmates. Who were these kids anyway? How did they learn in school? All I knew was that they were the smartest kids in the city, obviously. ___4___ wasn’t I as well? Hadn’t I landed here because I was smart like them? The truth is that I didn’t know. This ___5___ was like a deadly cell(细胞) that threatened to divide and divide again, unless I could find some way to stop it.
Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be ___6___, and so did my second. Over the course of my first two years, I began to build the same kind of ___7___ I’d had at my previous school. With each little achievement, my doubt ___8___ took leave.
I loved any subject that involved writing and labored through math. I had classmates who were always a step or two ahead of me, whose achievements seemed effortless, but I tried not to let that get to me. I was beginning to understand that if I put in extra hours of studying, I could often ___9___ the gap. I wasn’t a straight-A student, but I was always ___10___ and I made progress.
1. A. excitement B. satisfaction C. anger D. worry
2. A. freed B. dogged C. warmed D. guided
3. A. observe B. admire C. support D. calm
4 A. Or B. So C. But D. For
5. A. guess B. doubt C. interest D. risk
6. A. excellent B. average C. different D. typical
7. A. responsibility B. friendship C. confidence D. teamwork
8. A. suddenly B. frequently C. accidentally D. slowly
9. A. close B. notice C. control D. create
10. A. expecting B. trying C. wondering D. suffering
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On the first day of my first grade, I ____11____ (stand) by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I voiced my biggest concern to my mother, “How will I make friends?” She ____12____ (hand) me advice, “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years, I ____13____ (live) by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously facing ____14____ (challenge), I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself.”
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Saving nature is at the very heart of what we do as World Wildlife Fund (WWF). We protect wildlife for many reasons. It is a source of inspiration. It boosts a sense of wonder. It is fundamental (重要的) to the balance of nature. In our work, WWF ___15___ (focus) on saving populations of the most important species in the wild. ____16____ (final), by protecting species, we save this beautiful and irreplaceable planet ____17____ is called home.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
After college I wanted to make a difference in the world, so I joined the Peace Corps and ____18____ (become) a volunteer teacher in Namibia. This was my first time going abroad and living ____19____ local people. Simply getting used to the living conditions was a big challenge. Honestly, my first choice wasn’t Africa, but I am thankful that I ____20____ (send) there. Before Namibia, I never thought I would adapt to such a situation. Step outside of your comfort zone and face the challenge. You won’t regret it.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Sunshine High School
EcoCentral
This website is all about looking after the Earth. There are facts about different animals as well as information about forests, deserts and oceans: You can upload your own videos onto the site for everyone to see.
TeenPress
This is one of the best sites on the web for teenagers who love writing. You can share your work with others, and there are message boards where you can chat about things that are important to you.
ChannelTwenty
On this site you can watch a daily news program and search for information about big news stories. There are also videos on different subjects, articles about famous bands, games and competitions.
Inside-the-cover
Finding out about your favorite writers is easy on this site. There are lots of interesting articles and information about the latest books. You can read blogs by well-known writers and post questions to them. And you are likely to get replies from them.
Tune-in
There are millions of songs on this website for you to download or listen to online. You can save your favorite songs in your own list. If you’re in a band, you can record your music and upload it. The website is large, but the menus are easy to use.
ScienceZone
There’s lots of information on this site about maths, chemistry and biology. You can visit some of the world’s most famous museums, or watch wildlife via webcams. There are also some very cool games, such as Save the Planet.
21. TeenPress is a website for teenagers who ________.
A. enjoy writing B. care about the Earth
C. like watching the news D. are interested in music
22. On Inside-the-cover, you can ________.
A. take writing classes B. share your articles
C. learn about the latest books D. answer the writers’ questions
23. If you like visiting online museums, which website is best for you?
A. EcoCentral. B. ScienceZone.
C. Tune-in. D. ChannelTwenty.
24. The author writes the passage to________.
A. introduce websites to teenagers
B. teach teenagers to design websites
C. encourage teenagers to create websites
D. compare different websites for teenagers
B
It was a week after my mom had passed away and I didn’t know how to go on with life. So when I received an email from a friend about a race benefiting cancer research, I ignored it. It seemed to prick my heart, as cancer was the disease that had taken my mother away from me.
But something about my friend’s words—“I can help organize the whole thing”—stuck with me. I felt obliged（有义务的）to agree. In the weeks to come, I managed to re-enter the world of the living. I checked our team’s website daily, feeling proud each time a donation ticked up our total. I knew my mom would have wanted it that way. She was the type who never got defeated. It was this very spirit that helped me get by.
When the race ended, I noticed the runners all had one thing in common: There were big smiles on their faces. They made it look so rewarding and effortless. I wanted in.
So I enrolled in another race two months later. Considering I could barely run a mile, it was ambitious. But my friend and I made a training plan so I wouldn’t come in last. I followed it religiously and didn’t let anything get in my way.
Running up and down the city’s hills, I was flooded with memories. I had lived there after college and my mother had visited often. I passed Bloomingdale’s, recalling the time she and I had gotten into a screaming argument there.
I was about to beat myself up when I remembered what Mom had said after her diagnosis of cancer. “I don’t want you to feel guilty about anything.” Her paper-thin hands had held me tightly. A weight lifted from my shoulders.
When the race day arrived, I gave it my all for my mom and for all she had taught me and continued to teach me. As I ran, whenever I felt like slowing down, I pictured her cheering me on.
Crossing the finish line, I was filled with her love and a sense of peace.
25. Why did the author ignore the email in the beginning?
A. She felt it hard to finish the race.
B. She had no time to join in the event.
C. She thought the research meaningless.
D She was reminded of her mother’s death.
26. What mainly helped the author recover from her mom’s death?
A. The company of her friends. B. The inspiration from her mom.
C. The pleasure in going for a run. D. The success in organizing an event.
27. Which of the words can best describe the author’s mom?
A. Considerate and polite. B. Brave and humorous.
C. Strong-willed and caring. D. Outgoing and patient.
28. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. How I Got Healed in Running B. The Loss of Sweet Memories
C. What Matters Most in Running D. The Rewards of Great Friendship
C
We rely on our memory not only for sharing stories with friends or learning from our past experiences, but we also use it for crucial things like creating a sense of personal identity. Yet evidence shows that our memory isn’t as consistent as we’d like to believe.
There are countless reasons why tiny mistakes might happen each time we recall past events, ranging from what we believe is true or wish were true, to what someone else told us about the past event, or what we want that person to think.
And whenever these mistakes happen, they can have long-term effects on how we’ll recall that memory in the future.
Take storytelling for example. When we describe our memories to other people, we might ask ourselves whether it’s vital to get the facts straight, or whether we only want to make the listener laugh. And we might change the story’s details depending on the listener’s attitudes. It isn’t only the message that changes, but sometimes it’s also the memory itself. This is known as the “audience-tuning effect”, showing us how our memories can change automatically over time, as a product of how, when, and why we access them.
In fact, sometimes simply the act of rehearsing(复述) a memory can be exactly what makes it susceptible(易受影响的)to change. This is known as “retrieval-enhanced suggestibility”. In a typical study of this effect, participants watched a short film, then took a memory test a few days later. But during the days between watching the film and taking the final test, two other things happened. First, half of the participants took a practice memory test. Second, all of the participants were given a description of the film to read, which contained some false details. Participants who took a practice memory test shortly before reading the false information were more likely to reproduce this false information in the final memory test.
Why might this be? One theory is that rehearsing our memories of past events can temporarily make those memories malleable. In other words, retrieving(找回)a memory might be a bit like taking ice-cream out of the freezer and leaving it in direct sunlight for a while. By the time our memory goes back into the freezer, it might have naturally become a little misshapen, especially if someone has influenced it purposely in the meantime.
These findings lead us to wonder how much our most treasured memories have changed since the very first time we remembered them. Remembering is an act of storytelling, after all. And our memories are only ever as reliable as the most recent story we told ourselves.
29. According to the “audience-tuning effect”, our memories can ________.
A change our personal identity B. correct mistakes on their own
C. determine our attitudes to others D. be affected by how we handle them
30. What can we infer from the study of “retrieval-enhanced suggestibility”?
A. Practice can make imperfect. B. Storytelling brings back memories.
C. Rehearsing contributes to better memories. D. Memory abilities vary from person to person.
31. What does the underlined word “malleable” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Acceptable. B. Valuable. C. Changeable. D. Controllable.
D
Over millions of years humans have responded to certain situations without thinking too hard. If our ancestors spotted movement in the nearby forest, they would run first and question later. At the same time, the ability to analyze and to plan is part of what separates us from other animals. The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉)and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah(草原).
Slow thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and less to analysis. In demanding customer-service or public-facing situations, instinct is often a better guide to how to behave.
Instinct can also be improved. Plenty of research has shown that instinct becomes more unerring with experience. In one well-known experiment, volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were real or not. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate(深思熟虑)over their decision. Instinct worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it outperformed analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be.
However, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. It is often the only way to get through the day. To take one example, when your inbox floods with new emails at the start of a new day, there is absolutely no way to read them all carefully. Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. The value of many managerial decisions lies in the simple fact that they have been made at all. Yet as data explodes, the temptation(诱惑)to ask for one more bit of analysis has become much harder to resist. Managers often suffer from overthinking, turning a simple problem into a complex one.
When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. Does the decision maker have real expertise in this area? Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning? Above all, is it worth delaying the decision? Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right. But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning to a waste of time.
32. What does the underlined word “unerring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Accurate. B. Creative. C. Controllable. D. Obvious.
33. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Managers can afford the cost of slow thinking.
B. Fast thinking can be a boost to work efficiency.
C. Slow thinking will hold us back in the long run.
D. Too much data is to blame for wrong decisions.
34 What is the author's purpose of writing the passage?
A. To explain how instinct works.
B. To compare instinct and slow thinking.
C. To highlight the value of instinct in the workplace.
D. To illustrate the development of different thinking patterns.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It won’t sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person’s wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem(自尊心) and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier.
____35____ “From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,” states a study.
____36____ Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others?
Many of us don’t have a real sense of our value. It’s been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. ____37____ This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.
Unlike a conscience(良心), this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior. ____38____ It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don’t stick your neck out”: “No one wants to hear from you”; and “You’re going to make a fool of yourself.”
One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. ____39____ We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we’re able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others.
A. However, the work doesn’t stop there.
B. People may lower the value of their own kind comments.
C. We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down.
D. Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden.
E. This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.
F. Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others.
G. Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共 12小题, 共 18 分）
阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词汇或短语。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
40. I do a wide range of things online. I shop for various things online, such as books, computer hardware and other necessities. It’s so __________ to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.（根据句意填空）
41. It usually takes me 20 minutes to get home by bus. I often use the time to review English words. As the popular saying goes, “Every minute __________!”(根据句意填空)
42. At school, I do my homework when I have spare time. After school, I try to use any possible time to __________ the things I have learnt during the day.（根据句意填空）
43. Zhang Tian’s first year is almost over. It has been a tough year, but he has enjoyed working with the children. The __________ Zhang Tian made to the village was great, so he became very popular among the villagers and they treated him as one of them.（根据句意填空）
44. He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he was __________ by them to go and teach where he was needed the most.（根据句意填空）
45. Living in the village was also more __________ than he had thought. The power and water supplies were unstable, so he could only shower every three or four days, and he had to learn how to cook.（根据句意填空）
46. Paul jumped up and rushed onto the court. And clearly, all the extra hours that he’d spent practicing alone __________. The other team just couldn’t keep up with his energy and speed.（根据句意填空）
47. Besides, anybody who is feeling down can go for a run to cheer themselves up. Even a thirty-minute run will provide __________ from aches or tension that you may be suffering due to stress.（根据句意填空）
48. This was not an easy task. The reason why this was difficult was that the team had __________ resources. They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality.(根据句意填空)
49. Tu Youyou bravely __________ to be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her. The test was a success.（根据句意填空）
50. Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China, her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to reach her goals and the fact that her work __________ the Eastern and Western worlds, saving millions of lives.（根据句意填空）
51. Active learners do not judge people based on first __________ or personal feelings. Instead, they separate the message from the messenger.（根据句意填空）
第二节（14分）
52. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他最近学习压力很大，他为此感到苦恼。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示理解；
2. 你的建议及理由。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
丰台区2023-2024学年度第一学期期中练习
高一英语（B卷）
考试时间：90分钟
笔试（共三部分 100分）
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was lucky enough to test into the best high school in the city. But then came my ___1___: Am I good enough? It was a question that ___2___ me through my first month, even as I began to settle in, even as I got used to the early morning wake-ups and moving between buildings for class.
I knew I had to work to ground myself. My earliest strategy involved keeping quiet and trying to ___3___ my new classmates. Who were these kids anyway? How did they learn in school? All I knew was that they were the smartest kids in the city, obviously. ___4___ wasn’t I as well? Hadn’t I landed here because I was smart like them? The truth is that I didn’t know. This ___5___ was like a deadly cell(细胞) that threatened to divide and divide again, unless I could find some way to stop it.
Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be ___6___, and so did my second. Over the course of my first two years, I began to build the same kind of ___7___ I’d had at my previous school. With each little achievement, my doubt ___8___ took leave.
I loved any subject that involved writing and labored through math. I had classmates who were always a step or two ahead of me, whose achievements seemed effortless, but I tried not to let that get to me. I was beginning to understand that if I put in extra hours of studying, I could often ___9___ the gap. I wasn’t a straight-A student, but I was always ___10___ and I made progress.
1. A. excitement B. satisfaction C. anger D. worry
2. A. freed B. dogged C. warmed D. guided
3. A. observe B. admire C. support D. calm
4. A. Or B. So C. But D. For
5. A. guess B. doubt C. interest D. risk
6. A. excellent B. average C. different D. typical
7. A. responsibility B. friendship C. confidence D. teamwork
8. A. suddenly B. frequently C. accidentally D. slowly
9. A. close B. notice C. control D. create
10. A. expecting B. trying C. wondering D. suffering
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者转到城里最好的高中之后的适应过程。从刚开始的自我怀疑，取得了小成绩之后，疑虑慢慢消失，找回自信，并坚持一直努力，到最后取得成绩和进步。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但随之而来的是我的担忧：我足够好吗？A. excitement兴奋；B. satisfaction满意；C. anger生气；D. worry担忧。根据后文“Am I good enough?(我够好吗？)”可知，作者对自己有所怀疑和“担忧”。故选D项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个问题在我入学的第一个月里一直困扰着我，即使我已经开始适应，即使我已经习惯了清晨起床，在教学楼之间穿梭上课。A. freed释放；B. dogged(长期)困扰；C. warmed温暖；D. guided带领。根据后文“even as I began to settle in, even as I got used to the early morning wake-ups and moving between buildings for class.”可推知，这个问题“困扰着”作者很长一段时间。故选B项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最早的策略是保持安静，尽力观察我的新同学。A. observe观察；B. admire钦佩；C. support支持；D. calm使平静下来。根据后文“Who were these kids anyway? How did they learn in school?(这些孩子到底是谁?他们在学校是怎么学习的?)”可知，作者在“观察”班里的同学。故选A项。
【4题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：但我不也是吗？A. Or或者；B. So因此；C. But但是；D. For因为。分析语境可知，前文“All I knew was that they were the smartest kids in the city, obviously.(我只知道他们显然是城里最聪明的孩子)”可知，作者认为新的同学们都很聪明，后文“ 4 wasn’t I as well? (我不也是吗？)”则是对自己的怀疑，前后文之间为转折关系。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种怀疑就像一个致命的细胞，威胁着要分裂再分裂，除非我能找到办法阻止它。A. guess猜测；B. doubt怀疑；C. interest使感兴趣；D. risk冒风险。分析句子可知，“This”指代前文“ 4 wasn’t I as well? Hadn’t I landed here because I was smart like them?(但我不也是吗？我来到这里不就是因为我和他们一样聪明吗？)”，这是作者初到新的学校和班级时对自己的“怀疑”。故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我的第一轮成绩很优秀，第二轮也是如此。A. excellent极好的；B. average普通的；C. different不同的；D. typical典型的。根据“Fortunately(幸运地是)”可推知，作者第一轮的成绩应该“极好的”。故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最初的两年里，我开始建立起和在上一所学校时一样的信心。 A. responsibility责任；B. friendship友谊；C. confidence信心；D. teamwork团队合作。根据前文“Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be 6 , and so did my second.(幸运的是，我的第一轮成绩很优秀，第二轮也是如此)”可知，作者的成绩保持的很好，这让作者有了“信心”。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着每一项小小的成就，我的疑虑慢慢消失了。A. suddenly突然；B. frequently频繁地；C. accidentally意外地；D. slowly缓慢地。根据前文“With each little achievement(每一个小小的成就)”可知，随着每取得一点成绩，作者的自我怀疑就消失了，与“little”相呼应，这里应是“slowly”，表达“慢慢地消失”。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始明白，如果我多花几个小时学习，我经常可以缩小这种差距。A. close缩小；B. notice注意；C. control控制；D. create创造。分析语境可知，“the gap(差距)”应是指前文“always a step or two ahead of me”提及的与成绩好的同学之间的差距，作者认为通过努力，可以“缩小”这种差距。故选A项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不是一个优等生，但我一直在努力，而且我取得了进步。A. expecting期待；B. trying努力；C. wondering想知道；D. suffering遭受。根据后文“I made progress(我取得了进步)”可知，作者取得了进步是因为付出了“努力”。故选B项。
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On the first day of my first grade, I ____11____ (stand) by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I voiced my biggest concern to my mother, “How will I make friends?” She ____12____ (hand) me advice, “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years, I ____13____ (live) by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously facing ____14____ (challenge), I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself.”
【答案】11. stood##was standing
12. handed 13. have lived##have been living
14. challenges
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者二十年来，一直坚持第一天上学时妈妈告诉他的“做自己”，并且在今后的日子里，也会始终坚持“做自己”。
【11题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在上一年级的第一天，我站在门边，心里七上八下。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据时间状语“On the first day of my first grade”和句意可知，应用一般过去时或过去进行时，表示过去发生的动作或当时正在发生的动作。故填stood/was standing。
【12题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：她给我的建议是:“做你自己。”分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据“voiced”和句意可知，本句还是在讲述“On the first day of my first grade”（上一年级的第一天）所发生的事情，故应用一般过去时。故填handed。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在过去的20年里，我一直以这句话为生。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据时间状语“For the past 20 years”和句意可知，应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，表示过去20年来已经发生的动作或一直发生的动作，有可能会继续下去。故填have lived/have been living。
【14题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：紧张面对挑战时，我知道我会对自己低声说“做你自己”这几个简单的字。分析句子可知，空处应为名词，作宾语；challenge表示“挑战”，为可数名词，故应用复数形式，表泛指。故填challenges。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Saving nature is at the very heart of what we do as World Wildlife Fund (WWF). We protect wildlife for many reasons. It is a source of inspiration. It boosts a sense of wonder. It is fundamental (重要的) to the balance of nature. In our work, WWF ___15___ (focus) on saving populations of the most important species in the wild. ____16____ (final), by protecting species, we save this beautiful and irreplaceable planet ____17____ is called home.
【答案】15. focuses
16. Finally
17. that/which
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了拯救自然是我们世界自然基金会（WWF）工作的核心，解释了其保护野生动物的原因。
【15题详解】
考查时态。句意：在我们的工作中，世界自然基金会专注于拯救野外最重要物种的种群。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为WWF，谓语用三单形式。故填focuses。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：最后，通过保护物种，我们拯救了这个美丽而不可替代的星球，我们称之为家。修饰后文句子应用副词finally，作状语，首字母大写。故填Finally。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最后，通过保护物种，我们拯救了这个美丽而不可替代的星球，我们称之为家。定语从句修饰先行词planet，在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
After college I wanted to make a difference in the world, so I joined the Peace Corps and ____18____ (become) a volunteer teacher in Namibia. This was my first time going abroad and living ____19____ local people. Simply getting used to the living conditions was a big challenge. Honestly, my first choice wasn’t Africa, but I am thankful that I ____20____ (send) there. Before Namibia, I never thought I would adapt to such a situation. Step outside of your comfort zone and face the challenge. You won’t regret it.
【答案】18. became
19. with 20. was sent
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者大学毕业后，去纳米比亚成为了一名志愿教师，并且很快适应了当地的环境，作者鼓励大家勇敢走出自己的舒适区，面对挑战。
18题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：大学毕业后，我想改变世界，所以我加入了和平队，并在纳米比亚当了一名志愿教师。分析句子可知，空处应为动词，与“joined”作并列谓语，句子使用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作，动词应用过去式形式。故填became。
【19题详解】
考查介词。句意：这是我第一次出国，和当地人在一起生活。分析句子可知，空处应为介词，后接名词短语“local people”作宾语；根据句意，这里是指“和当地人一起生活”，即live with local people。故填with。
【20题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：实话说，我的第一选择不是非洲，但我很感激被送到了那里。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据前文“so I joined the Peace Corps and 1 (become) a volunteer teacher in Namibia.”中的谓语动词及句意可知，作者去纳米比亚当志愿教师是过去发生的动作，故空处应用一般过去时，主语I与send之间应为被动关系，表示“我被送往”，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是I，be动词应用was。故填was sent。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Sunshine High School
EcoCentral
This website is all about looking after the Earth. There are facts about different animals, as well as information about forests, deserts and oceans: You can upload your own videos onto the site for everyone to see.
TeenPress
This is one of the best sites on the web for teenagers who love writing. You can share your work with others, and there are message boards where you can chat about things that are important to you.
ChannelTwenty
On this site you can watch a daily news program and search for information about big news stories. There are also videos on different subjects, articles about famous bands, games and competitions.
Inside-the-cover
Finding out about your favorite writers is easy on this site. There are lots of interesting articles and information about the latest books. You can read blogs by well-known writers and post questions to them. And you are likely to get replies from them.
Tune-in
There are millions of songs on this website for you to download or listen to online. You can save your favorite songs in your own list. If you’re in a band, you can record your music and upload it. The website is large, but the menus are easy to use.
ScienceZone
There’s lots of information on this site about maths, chemistry and biology. You can visit some of the world’s most famous museums, or watch wildlife via webcams. There are also some very cool games, such as Save the Planet.
21. TeenPress is a website for teenagers who ________.
A. enjoy writing B. care about the Earth
C. like watching the news D. are interested in music
22. On Inside-the-cover, you can ________.
A. take writing classes B. share your articles
C. learn about the latest books D. answer the writers’ questions
23. If you like visiting online museums, which website is best for you?
A. EcoCentral. B. ScienceZone.
C. Tune-in. D. ChannelTwenty.
24. The author writes the passage to________.
A. introduce websites to teenagers
B. teach teenagers to design websites
C. encourage teenagers to create websites
D. compare different websites for teenagers
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了六个网站，分别涉及到了动物、写作、新闻、新书、歌曲和博物馆方面的信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据TeenPress部分的This is one of the best sites on the web for teenagers who love writing.（对于喜欢写作的青少年来说，这是最好的网站之一。）可知，TeenPress是一个为喜欢写作的青少年开设的网站。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Inside-the-cover 部分的There are lots of interesting articles and information about the latest books.（有很多关于最新书籍的有趣的文章和信息。）可知，在Inside-the-cover，你可以了解最新的书籍。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据ScienceZone部分的You can visit some of the world’s most famous museums, or watch wildlife via webcams.(你可以参观一些世界上最著名的博物馆，或者通过网络摄像头观看野生动物)可知，如果你喜欢参观网上博物馆，ScienceZone最适合你。故选B。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文以及文章各段落的主要内容可知，本文介绍了六个网站，分别涉及到了动物、写作、新闻、新书、歌曲和博物馆方面的信息，作者写这篇文章是为了向青少年介绍网站。故选A。
B
It was a week after my mom had passed away and I didn’t know how to go on with life. So when I received an email from a friend about a race benefiting cancer research, I ignored it. It seemed to prick my heart, as cancer was the disease that had taken my mother away from me.
But something about my friend’s words—“I can help organize the whole thing”—stuck with me. I felt obliged（有义务的）to agree. In the weeks to come, I managed to re-enter the world of the living. I checked our team’s website daily, feeling proud each time a donation ticked up our total. I knew my mom would have wanted it that way. She was the type who never got defeated. It was this very spirit that helped me get by.
When the race ended I noticed the runners all had one thing in common: There were big smiles on their faces. They made it look so rewarding and effortless. I wanted in.
So I enrolled in another race two months later. Considering I could barely run a mile, it was ambitious. But my friend and I made a training plan so I wouldn’t come in last. I followed it religiously and didn’t let anything get in my way.
Running up and down the city’s hills, I was flooded with memories. I had lived there after college and my mother had visited often. I passed Bloomingdale’s, recalling the time she and I had gotten into a screaming argument there.
I was about to beat myself up when I remembered what Mom had said after her diagnosis of cancer. “I don’t want you to feel guilty about anything.” Her paper-thin hands had held me tightly. A weight lifted from my shoulders.
When the race day arrived, I gave it my all for my mom and for all she had taught me and continued to teach me. As I ran, whenever I felt like slowing down, I pictured her cheering me on.
Crossing the finish line, I was filled with her love and a sense of peace.
25. Why did the author ignore the email in the beginning?
A. She felt it hard to finish the race.
B. She had no time to join in the event.
C. She thought the research meaningless.
D. She was reminded of her mother’s death.
26. What mainly helped the author recover from her mom’s death?
A. The company of her friends. B. The inspiration from her mom.
C. The pleasure in going for a run. D. The success in organizing an event.
27. Which of the words can best describe the author’s mom?
A. Considerate and polite. B. Brave and humorous.
C. Strong-willed and caring. D. Outgoing and patient.
28. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. How I Got Healed in Running B. The Loss of Sweet Memories
C. What Matters Most in Running D. The Rewards of Great Friendship
【答案】25. D 26. B 27. C 28. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者母亲去世之后，作者对母亲的回忆及母亲赐予作者的力量，使他能够从悲伤中走出来，积极面对生活。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句“It seemed to prick my heart, as cancer was the disease that had taken my mother away from me.”（这件事似乎刺痛了我的心，正是癌症夺去了我母亲的生命。）可知这个比赛使作者想起了因癌症过世的母亲。故选D项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“She was the type who never got defeated. It was this very spirit that helped me get by.”（她是那种永远不会被打败的人。正是这种精神帮助我度过那段艰难的时期。）可知，母亲永不言败的精神支撑作者从悲伤中恢复。故选B项。
27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第六句“She was the type who never got defeated. ”（她是那种永远不会被打败的人。）可知作者的母亲意志力坚强，并结合第六段第二句“I don’t want you to feel guilty about anything.”（我不希望你对任何事情感到内疚。）说明母亲关心爱护作者。所以作者母亲是一个意志坚强，又体贴的人。故选C项。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第二句“As I ran, whenever I felt like slowing down, I pictured her cheering me on. Crossing the finish line, I was filled with her love and a sense of peace.”（在赛跑的时候，每当我想慢下来的时候，就会看到母亲鼓励我的画面。通过终点线时，我内心充满了她的关爱和一种平和感。）并结合上文作者对母亲的回忆，可知母亲治愈了作者，正是母亲的鼓励，他才能完成比赛。故选A项。
C
We rely on our memory not only for sharing stories with friends or learning from our past experiences, but we also use it for crucial things like creating a sense of personal identity. Yet evidence shows that our memory isn’t as consistent as we’d like to believe.
There are countless reasons why tiny mistakes might happen each time we recall past events, ranging from what we believe is true or wish were true, to what someone else told us about the past event, or what we want that person to think.
And whenever these mistakes happen, they can have long-term effects on how we’ll recall that memory in the future.
Take storytelling for example. When we describe our memories to other people, we might ask ourselves whether it’s vital to get the facts straight, or whether we only want to make the listener laugh. And we might change the story’s details depending on the listener’s attitudes. It isn’t only the message that changes, but sometimes it’s also the memory itself. This is known as the “audience-tuning effect”, showing us how our memories can change automatically over time, as a product of how, when, and why we access them.
In fact, sometimes simply the act of rehearsing(复述) a memory can be exactly what makes it susceptible(易受影响的)to change. This is known as “retrieval-enhanced suggestibility”. In a typical study of this effect, participants watched a short film, then took a memory test a few days later. But during the days between watching the film and taking the final test, two other things happened. First, half of the participants took a practice memory test. Second, all of the participants were given a description of the film to read, which contained some false details. Participants who took a practice memory test shortly before reading the false information were more likely to reproduce this false information in the final memory test.
Why might this be? One theory is that rehearsing our memories of past events can temporarily make those memories malleable. In other words, retrieving(找回)a memory might be a bit like taking ice-cream out of the freezer and leaving it in direct sunlight for a while. By the time our memory goes back into the freezer, it might have naturally become a little misshapen, especially if someone has influenced it purposely in the meantime.
These findings lead us to wonder how much our most treasured memories have changed since the very first time we remembered them. Remembering is an act of storytelling, after all. And our memories are only ever as reliable as the most recent story we told ourselves.
29. According to the “audience-tuning effect”, our memories can ________.
A. change our personal identity B. correct mistakes on their own
C. determine our attitudes to others D. be affected by how we handle them
30. What can we infer from the study of “retrieval-enhanced suggestibility”?
A. Practice can make imperfect. B. Storytelling brings back memories.
C. Rehearsing contributes to better memories. D. Memory abilities vary from person to person.
31. What does the underlined word “malleable” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Acceptable. B. Valuable. C. Changeable. D. Controllable.
【答案】29. D 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。通过实验研究证明反复的回忆会使记忆发生改变。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“This is known as the “audience-tuning effect”, showing us how our memories can change automatically over time, as a product of how, when, and why we access them.(这就是所谓的“观众调谐效应”，它向我们展示了我们的记忆是如何随着时间的推移而自动变化的，这是我们如何、何时以及为什么读取记忆的结果)”可知，我们处理记忆的方式会影响我们的记忆。故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“In fact, sometimes simply the act of rehearsing(复述)a memory can be exactly what makes it susceptible(易受影响的)to change. (事实上，有时仅仅是复述记忆的行为就能使记忆容易改变。)”结合本段中的实验结果可知，复述记忆次数多的受试者更容易改变记忆。由此可推知，经常回忆并不会完美的重现记忆。故选A。
【31题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“By the time our memory goes back into the freezer, it might have naturally become a little misshapen, especially if someone has influenced it purposely in the meantime.(当我们的记忆回到冰库时，它可能会自然而然地变得有点畸形，特别是如果有人同时有意的影响它)”可知，这里将记忆与取出冰箱的冰激凌作类比，冰激凌会融化变形，记忆也一样会发生改变。由此可推知，划线词malleable与changeable同义，表示“可变的”。故选C。
D
Over millions of years humans have responded to certain situations without thinking too hard. If our ancestors spotted movement in the nearby forest, they would run first and question later. At the same time, the ability to analyze and to plan is part of what separates us from other animals. The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉)and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah(草原).
Slow thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and less to analysis. In demanding customer-service or public-facing situations, instinct is often a better guide to how to behave.
Instinct can also be improved. Plenty of research has shown that instinct becomes more unerring with experience. In one well-known experiment, volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were real or not. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate(深思熟虑)over their decision. Instinct worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it outperformed analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be.
However, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. It is often the only way to get through the day. To take one example, when your inbox floods with new emails at the start of a new day, there is absolutely no way to read them all carefully. Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. The value of many managerial decisions lies in the simple fact that they have been made at all. Yet as data explodes, the temptation(诱惑)to ask for one more bit of analysis has become much harder to resist. Managers often suffer from overthinking, turning a simple problem into a complex one.
When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. Does the decision maker have real expertise in this area? Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning? Above all, is it worth delaying the decision? Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right. But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning to a waste of time.
32. What does the underlined word “unerring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Accurate. B. Creative. C. Controllable. D. Obvious.
33. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Managers can afford the cost of slow thinking.
B. Fast thinking can be a boost to work efficiency.
C. Slow thinking will hold us back in the long run.
D. Too much data is to blame for wrong decisions.
34. What is the author's purpose of writing the passage?
A. To explain how instinct works.
B. To compare instinct and slow thinking.
C. To highlight the value of instinct in the workplace.
D. To illustrate the development of different thinking patterns.
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了直觉在工作场所的应用价值。
【32题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第三段第一句“Instinct can also be improved.”（直觉能够被改善。）及最后一句“The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be.”（你变得越熟练，直觉越准确。）说明随着熟练度的提高，直觉也会越来越准确。故“unerring”应是“无偏差的，精确的”意思。故选A项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段第四句第五句“Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. ”（直觉能够帮助你决定哪些邮件需要回复，哪些需要删除，哪些不用打开。快速思考也对整个组织有益。）可知快速思考可以提高工作效率，避免在不重要的事情上浪费时间。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉 )and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah (草原)”.（什么时候应该相信你的直觉及什么时候应该缓慢思考的问题在办公室和在大草原上一样重要。）可知，在工作场所，直觉也是很重要的。结合最后一段第一句“When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. ”（什么时候在工作场所使用直觉取决于其自身的识别模式。）可知要具体分析在工作场所使用直觉的情况。联系全文内容可知，本文主要强调了直觉在工作场所的应用价值。故选C项。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It won’t sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person’s wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem(自尊心) and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier.
____35____ “From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,” states a study.
____36____ Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others?
Many of us don’t have a real sense of our value. It’s been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. ____37____ This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.
Unlike a conscience(良心), this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior. ____38____ It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don’t stick your neck out”: “No one wants to hear from you”; and “You’re going to make a fool of yourself.”
One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others ____39____ We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we’re able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others.
A. However, the work doesn’t stop there.
B. People may lower the value of their own kind comments.
C. We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down.
D. Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden.
E. This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.
F. Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others.
G. Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.
【答案】35. G 36. E 37. C 38. F 39. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了善良在一个人的幸福中起着重要作用时，这听起来并不是一个大惊喜。然而令人惊讶的却是，人们可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。这是因为一种“内心批判”在促使人们贬低自己对他人产生的价值。要摒弃掉自我内心批判，同时看到对他人的积极影响，能够做到这一点的程度将有助于决定我们自己的幸福以及我们在他人身上点燃的幸福。
【35题详解】
设空句为该段主旨句，后文内容时对其具体的解释。根据后文“‘From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,’ states a study.(一项研究称：“从在公园里送一杯热巧克力到在实验室里送一份礼物，那些表现出善意的人总是低估了接受者的积极感受，认为他们的行为没有接受者想象的那么有价值。”)”可知，该部分强调表现善意的人低估了自己的行为对他人的影响。选项G“Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.(然而，人们可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。)”在句意上贴合该段主旨，“even the smallest of kind acts(甚至是最小的善举)”对应后文的“From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab(从在公园里送一杯热巧克力到在实验室里送一份礼物)”。故选G项。
【36题详解】
根据后文“Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others?(然而，为什么我们认为某人会从善意行为中感受到的与他们的真实感受之间存在差异？为什么我们低估了我们对他人的影响？)”提出了一系列的疑问并结合上文内容可推知，设空句应是一个结论句，且上文内容有关，应包含关键词“underestimate(低估，看轻)”含义。选项E“This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.(这种误解表明，人们贬低自己与他人的关系。)”中主语“This misunderstanding”指代上一段内容，在句意上是针对上文得出的结论，且“devalue”对应“underestimate”，符合词汇复现原则。故选E项。
【37题详解】
根据后文“This ‘voice’ tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.(这种“声音”倾向于将我们的注意力转移到评估我们的一举一动，并对我们的关系产生不良影响。) ”为第二次提出这种“声音”，说明设空句应是首次提到这种“声音”，且是一种产生消极影响的声音。选项C“We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down.(我们都有一种“批判的内心声音”，这种声音往往会让我们失望。)”提出了名词“批判的内心声音”，符合分析。故选C项。
【38题详解】
根据前文“Unlike a conscience, this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior.(与良心不同，这种内心的批评不会激发积极的行为。)”提出了“内心批判”是消极的，由此可推知，设空句应进一步强调其消极性的具体影响，同时包含话题“贬低自己的影响”。选项F“Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others. (相反，它使我们与自己作对，使我们低估了自己对他人的有益影响。)”讲到了内心批判对自己和对他人具体消极影响，且“Instead”与前文构成反义转折关系，前后衔接紧密。故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据前文“One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others.(对抗我们批判的内心声音的一个好方法是善待他人。)”提到了一个抵制内心批判的方式，后文“We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect.(我们还必须努力通过我们所影响的人的眼睛来看待自己。)”则提到了下一个步骤，由此可推知，设空句应是转折句，说明不仅仅有第一步，以承接后文。选项A“However, the work doesn’t stop there.(然而，这项工作并不止于此。)”为转折句，“the work”呼应前文内容，在句意上承接后文。故选A项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共 12小题, 共 18 分）
阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词汇或短语。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
40. I do a wide range of things online. I shop for various things online, such as books, computer hardware and other necessities. It’s so __________ to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.（根据句意填空）
【答案】convenient
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我在网上做各种事情。我在网上买各种东西，比如书籍、电脑硬件和其他必需品。在我购买之前，可以比较不同网上商店的质量和价格，这是非常方便的。根据句意可知，空处应用表示“方便的”形容词convenient，作表语。故填convenient。
41. It usually takes me 20 minutes to get home by bus. I often use the time to review English words. As the popular saying goes, “Every minute __________!”(根据句意填空)
【答案】counts
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我乘公共汽车回家通常要花20分钟。我经常利用这段时间复习英语单词。常言道：“分秒必争!”。根据上文“I often use the time to review English words”可知，“我”热爱学习，分秒必争，每一分钟对我来说都很“重要”。用不及物动词count作谓语动词，意为“重要”，陈述生活哲理用一般现在时态，主语是单词名词，谓语用单数形式。故填counts。
42. At school, I do my homework when I have spare time. After school, I try to use any possible time to __________ the things I have learnt during the day.（根据句意填空）
【答案】revise##review
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：在学校，我有空闲时间就做作业。放学后，我尽量利用任何可能的时间复习我在白天学到的东西。根据句意，用动词revise/review，表示“复习”。不定式to后接动词原形。故填revise/review。
43. Zhang Tian’s first year is almost over. It has been a tough year, but he has enjoyed working with the children. The __________ Zhang Tian made to the village was great, so he became very popular among the villagers and they treated him as one of them.（根据句意填空）
【答案】contribution
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：张天的第一年快结束了。这是艰难的一年，但他很喜欢和孩子们一起工作。张天对村子的贡献很大，所以他在村民中很受欢迎，他们把他当作他们中的一员。句中用名词作主语。根据句意，表示“贡献”用名词contribution，表示特指，用名词的单数形式。故填contribution。
44. He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he was __________ by them to go and teach where he was needed the most.（根据句意填空）
【答案】inspired
【解析】
【详解】考查语态。句意：在他上学的早期，他遇到了来自小村庄的优秀老师，他们激励他去最需要他的地方教书。根据句意可知，空处应用动词inspire，表示“激励”，he与inspire为被动关系，所以空处应用动词的过去分词形式，与was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填 inspired。
45. Living in the village was also more __________ than he had thought. The power and water supplies were unstable, so he could only shower every three or four days, and he had to learn how to cook.（根据句意填空）
【答案】challenging
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：住在村子里也比他想象的更具挑战性。根据下文“The power and water supplies were unstable, so he could only shower every three or four days, and he had to learn how to cook.”可知，村子的电力和水供应不稳定，只能三四天洗一次澡，还得学习做饭。由此可知，住在村中还是具有挑战性的。challenging“具有挑战性的”，符合语境。该形容词在句中作表语。故填challenging。
46. Paul jumped up and rushed onto the court. And clearly, all the extra hours that he’d spent practicing alone __________. The other team just couldn’t keep up with his energy and speed.（根据句意填空）
【答案】paid off
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。句意：保罗跳起来冲进球场。很明显，他额外时间的独自练习都有了回报。另一个队跟不上他的精力和速度。根据下文“The other team just couldn’t keep up with his energy and speed.”可知，保罗额外时间的独自练习都有了回报，“得到回报”为短语pay off， that he’d spent practicing alone是定语从句，所以all the extra hours为主语，和动词pay off是主动关系，由jumped，rushed可知，句子描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，故填paid off。
47. Besides, anybody who is feeling down can go for a run to cheer themselves up. Even a thirty-minute run will provide __________ from aches or tension that you may be suffering due to stress.（根据句意填空）
【答案】relief
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：此外，任何情绪低落的人都可以去跑步，让自己振作起来。即使是30分钟的跑步也能缓解你可能因压力而遭受的疼痛或紧张。由第一句可知，跑步有好处，即跑步可以“减轻”疼痛或紧张，再由动词 provide 后接名词作宾语可知，此处填入名词relief合适，relief from ：从……中获得缓解或解脱。故填relief。
48. This was not an easy task. The reason why this was difficult was that the team had __________ resources. They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality.(根据句意填空)
【答案】limited
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这不是一件容易的事。这很困难的原因是团队的资源有限。他们没有足够的员工，他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。根据下文“They did not have enough staff”和“the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality”可推知，团队条件不好，资源“有限”。空格处用形容词limited作定语，意为“有限的”。故填limited。
49. Tu Youyou bravely __________ to be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her. The test was a success.（根据句意填空）
【答案】volunteered
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，句意：当他们准备开始测试时，屠呦呦勇敢地自愿成为第一个人类受试者，她的团队其他成员也跟着做了起来。测试很成功。根据句意可知，空处为volunteer的某种形式作谓语。再结合“were”可知，为一般过去时。故填volunteered。
50. Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China, her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to reach her goals and the fact that her work __________ the Eastern and Western worlds, saving millions of lives.（根据句意填空）
【答案】bridged
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：屠呦呦因其在中国科学困难时期作为一名科学家的勇敢而闻名，她有能力运用古老的智慧和新的方法来实现她的目标，以及她的工作在东西方世界之间架起了一座桥梁，拯救了数百万人的生命。结合句意“架起桥梁”可知应用动词bridge，结合上文可知为一般过去时。故填bridged。
51. Active learners do not judge people based on first __________ or personal feelings. Instead, they separate the message from the messenger.（根据句意填空）
【答案】impressions
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：主动学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断别人。相反，他们将信息与信使分开。根据上文Active learners do not judge people based on first等信息可知，此处表示“根据第一印象”，应用名词impression作介词on的宾语。根据句意可知，用复数表泛指，故填impressions。
第二节（14分）
52. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他最近学习压力很大，他为此感到苦恼。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示理解；
2. 你的建议及理由。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m sorry to learn that you’ve been under a lot of pressure lately. It is natural to feel pressured when you attend a new school. Here are some suggestions that can help you deal with stress.
First, try to build up your confidence. Study is a long-term process and confidence plays an important role in it. So never give up no matter what happens. Second, you should find your own strengths and weaknesses, and seek help from both teachers and classmates when facing difficulties and stress. Last but not least, doing more physical exercise can keep you fit as well as relax yourself.
I hope you will get out of your trouble soon. I believe it will all work out. Cheer up! Let me know if I can help further.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回复邮件，对他因学习压力很大感到苦恼表示理解，并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestion→advice
压力：stress→pressure
健康的：fit→healthy
摆脱：get out of→get rid of
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：First, try to build up your confidence. Study is a long-term process and confidence plays an important role in it.
拓展句：First, try to build up your confidence because study is a long-term process and confidence plays an important role in it.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m sorry to learn that you’ve been under a lot of pressure lately. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Last but not least, doing more physical exercise can keep you fit as well as relax yourself. (运用了动名词短语作主语)
丰台区2023-2024学年度第一学期期中练习
高一英语（B卷）
考试时间：90分钟
笔试（共三部分 100分）
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was lucky enough to test into the best high school in the city. But then came my ___1___: Am I good enough? It was a question that ___2___ me through my first month, even as I began to settle in, even as I got used to the early morning wake-ups and moving between buildings for class.
I knew I had to work to ground myself. My earliest strategy involved keeping quiet and trying to ___3___ my new classmates. Who were these kids anyway? How did they learn in school? All I knew was that they were the smartest kids in the city, obviously. ___4___ wasn’t I as well? Hadn’t I landed here because I was smart like them? The truth is that I didn’t know. This ___5___ was like a deadly cell(细胞) that threatened to divide and divide again, unless I could find some way to stop it.
Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be ___6___, and so did my second. Over the course of my first two years, I began to build the same kind of ___7___ I’d had at my previous school. With each little achievement, my doubt ___8___ took leave.
I loved any subject that involved writing and labored through math. I had classmates who were always a step or two ahead of me, whose achievements seemed effortless, but I tried not to let that get to me. I was beginning to understand that if I put in extra hours of studying, I could often ___9___ the gap. I wasn’t a straight-A student, but I was always ___10___ and I made progress.
1. A. excitement B. satisfaction C. anger D. worry
2. A. freed B. dogged C. warmed D. guided
3. A. observe B. admire C. support D. calm
4 A. Or B. So C. But D. For
5. A. guess B. doubt C. interest D. risk
6. A. excellent B. average C. different D. typical
7. A. responsibility B. friendship C. confidence D. teamwork
8. A. suddenly B. frequently C. accidentally D. slowly
9. A. close B. notice C. control D. create
10. A. expecting B. trying C. wondering D. suffering
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On the first day of my first grade, I ____11____ (stand) by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I voiced my biggest concern to my mother, “How will I make friends?” She ____12____ (hand) me advice, “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years, I ____13____ (live) by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously facing ____14____ (challenge), I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself.”
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Saving nature is at the very heart of what we do as World Wildlife Fund (WWF). We protect wildlife for many reasons. It is a source of inspiration. It boosts a sense of wonder. It is fundamental (重要的) to the balance of nature. In our work, WWF ___15___ (focus) on saving populations of the most important species in the wild. ____16____ (final), by protecting species, we save this beautiful and irreplaceable planet ____17____ is called home.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
After college I wanted to make a difference in the world, so I joined the Peace Corps and ____18____ (become) a volunteer teacher in Namibia. This was my first time going abroad and living ____19____ local people. Simply getting used to the living conditions was a big challenge. Honestly, my first choice wasn’t Africa, but I am thankful that I ____20____ (send) there. Before Namibia, I never thought I would adapt to such a situation. Step outside of your comfort zone and face the challenge. You won’t regret it.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Sunshine High School
EcoCentral
This website is all about looking after the Earth. There are facts about different animals as well as information about forests, deserts and oceans: You can upload your own videos onto the site for everyone to see.
TeenPress
This is one of the best sites on the web for teenagers who love writing. You can share your work with others, and there are message boards where you can chat about things that are important to you.
ChannelTwenty
On this site you can watch a daily news program and search for information about big news stories. There are also videos on different subjects, articles about famous bands, games and competitions.
Inside-the-cover
Finding out about your favorite writers is easy on this site. There are lots of interesting articles and information about the latest books. You can read blogs by well-known writers and post questions to them. And you are likely to get replies from them.
Tune-in
There are millions of songs on this website for you to download or listen to online. You can save your favorite songs in your own list. If you’re in a band, you can record your music and upload it. The website is large, but the menus are easy to use.
ScienceZone
There’s lots of information on this site about maths, chemistry and biology. You can visit some of the world’s most famous museums, or watch wildlife via webcams. There are also some very cool games, such as Save the Planet.
21. TeenPress is a website for teenagers who ________.
A. enjoy writing B. care about the Earth
C. like watching the news D. are interested in music
22. On Inside-the-cover, you can ________.
A. take writing classes B. share your articles
C. learn about the latest books D. answer the writers’ questions
23. If you like visiting online museums, which website is best for you?
A. EcoCentral. B. ScienceZone.
C. Tune-in. D. ChannelTwenty.
24. The author writes the passage to________.
A. introduce websites to teenagers
B. teach teenagers to design websites
C. encourage teenagers to create websites
D. compare different websites for teenagers
B
It was a week after my mom had passed away and I didn’t know how to go on with life. So when I received an email from a friend about a race benefiting cancer research, I ignored it. It seemed to prick my heart, as cancer was the disease that had taken my mother away from me.
But something about my friend’s words—“I can help organize the whole thing”—stuck with me. I felt obliged（有义务的）to agree. In the weeks to come, I managed to re-enter the world of the living. I checked our team’s website daily, feeling proud each time a donation ticked up our total. I knew my mom would have wanted it that way. She was the type who never got defeated. It was this very spirit that helped me get by.
When the race ended, I noticed the runners all had one thing in common: There were big smiles on their faces. They made it look so rewarding and effortless. I wanted in.
So I enrolled in another race two months later. Considering I could barely run a mile, it was ambitious. But my friend and I made a training plan so I wouldn’t come in last. I followed it religiously and didn’t let anything get in my way.
Running up and down the city’s hills, I was flooded with memories. I had lived there after college and my mother had visited often. I passed Bloomingdale’s, recalling the time she and I had gotten into a screaming argument there.
I was about to beat myself up when I remembered what Mom had said after her diagnosis of cancer. “I don’t want you to feel guilty about anything.” Her paper-thin hands had held me tightly. A weight lifted from my shoulders.
When the race day arrived, I gave it my all for my mom and for all she had taught me and continued to teach me. As I ran, whenever I felt like slowing down, I pictured her cheering me on.
Crossing the finish line, I was filled with her love and a sense of peace.
25. Why did the author ignore the email in the beginning?
A. She felt it hard to finish the race.
B. She had no time to join in the event.
C. She thought the research meaningless.
D She was reminded of her mother’s death.
26. What mainly helped the author recover from her mom’s death?
A. The company of her friends. B. The inspiration from her mom.
C. The pleasure in going for a run. D. The success in organizing an event.
27. Which of the words can best describe the author’s mom?
A. Considerate and polite. B. Brave and humorous.
C. Strong-willed and caring. D. Outgoing and patient.
28. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. How I Got Healed in Running B. The Loss of Sweet Memories
C. What Matters Most in Running D. The Rewards of Great Friendship
C
We rely on our memory not only for sharing stories with friends or learning from our past experiences, but we also use it for crucial things like creating a sense of personal identity. Yet evidence shows that our memory isn’t as consistent as we’d like to believe.
There are countless reasons why tiny mistakes might happen each time we recall past events, ranging from what we believe is true or wish were true, to what someone else told us about the past event, or what we want that person to think.
And whenever these mistakes happen, they can have long-term effects on how we’ll recall that memory in the future.
Take storytelling for example. When we describe our memories to other people, we might ask ourselves whether it’s vital to get the facts straight, or whether we only want to make the listener laugh. And we might change the story’s details depending on the listener’s attitudes. It isn’t only the message that changes, but sometimes it’s also the memory itself. This is known as the “audience-tuning effect”, showing us how our memories can change automatically over time, as a product of how, when, and why we access them.
In fact, sometimes simply the act of rehearsing(复述) a memory can be exactly what makes it susceptible(易受影响的)to change. This is known as “retrieval-enhanced suggestibility”. In a typical study of this effect, participants watched a short film, then took a memory test a few days later. But during the days between watching the film and taking the final test, two other things happened. First, half of the participants took a practice memory test. Second, all of the participants were given a description of the film to read, which contained some false details. Participants who took a practice memory test shortly before reading the false information were more likely to reproduce this false information in the final memory test.
Why might this be? One theory is that rehearsing our memories of past events can temporarily make those memories malleable. In other words, retrieving(找回)a memory might be a bit like taking ice-cream out of the freezer and leaving it in direct sunlight for a while. By the time our memory goes back into the freezer, it might have naturally become a little misshapen, especially if someone has influenced it purposely in the meantime.
These findings lead us to wonder how much our most treasured memories have changed since the very first time we remembered them. Remembering is an act of storytelling, after all. And our memories are only ever as reliable as the most recent story we told ourselves.
29. According to the “audience-tuning effect”, our memories can ________.
A change our personal identity B. correct mistakes on their own
C. determine our attitudes to others D. be affected by how we handle them
30. What can we infer from the study of “retrieval-enhanced suggestibility”?
A. Practice can make imperfect. B. Storytelling brings back memories.
C. Rehearsing contributes to better memories. D. Memory abilities vary from person to person.
31. What does the underlined word “malleable” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Acceptable. B. Valuable. C. Changeable. D. Controllable.
D
Over millions of years humans have responded to certain situations without thinking too hard. If our ancestors spotted movement in the nearby forest, they would run first and question later. At the same time, the ability to analyze and to plan is part of what separates us from other animals. The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉)and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah(草原).
Slow thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and less to analysis. In demanding customer-service or public-facing situations, instinct is often a better guide to how to behave.
Instinct can also be improved. Plenty of research has shown that instinct becomes more unerring with experience. In one well-known experiment, volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were real or not. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate(深思熟虑)over their decision. Instinct worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it outperformed analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be.
However, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. It is often the only way to get through the day. To take one example, when your inbox floods with new emails at the start of a new day, there is absolutely no way to read them all carefully. Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. The value of many managerial decisions lies in the simple fact that they have been made at all. Yet as data explodes, the temptation(诱惑)to ask for one more bit of analysis has become much harder to resist. Managers often suffer from overthinking, turning a simple problem into a complex one.
When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. Does the decision maker have real expertise in this area? Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning? Above all, is it worth delaying the decision? Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right. But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning to a waste of time.
32. What does the underlined word “unerring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Accurate. B. Creative. C. Controllable. D. Obvious.
33. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Managers can afford the cost of slow thinking.
B. Fast thinking can be a boost to work efficiency.
C. Slow thinking will hold us back in the long run.
D. Too much data is to blame for wrong decisions.
34 What is the author's purpose of writing the passage?
A. To explain how instinct works.
B. To compare instinct and slow thinking.
C. To highlight the value of instinct in the workplace.
D. To illustrate the development of different thinking patterns.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It won’t sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person’s wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem(自尊心) and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier.
____35____ “From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,” states a study.
____36____ Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others?
Many of us don’t have a real sense of our value. It’s been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. ____37____ This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.
Unlike a conscience(良心), this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior. ____38____ It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don’t stick your neck out”: “No one wants to hear from you”; and “You’re going to make a fool of yourself.”
One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. ____39____ We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we’re able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others.
A. However, the work doesn’t stop there.
B. People may lower the value of their own kind comments.
C. We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down.
D. Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden.
E. This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.
F. Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others.
G. Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共 12小题, 共 18 分）
阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词汇或短语。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
40. I do a wide range of things online. I shop for various things online, such as books, computer hardware and other necessities. It’s so __________ to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.（根据句意填空）
41. It usually takes me 20 minutes to get home by bus. I often use the time to review English words. As the popular saying goes, “Every minute __________!”(根据句意填空)
42. At school, I do my homework when I have spare time. After school, I try to use any possible time to __________ the things I have learnt during the day.（根据句意填空）
43. Zhang Tian’s first year is almost over. It has been a tough year, but he has enjoyed working with the children. The __________ Zhang Tian made to the village was great, so he became very popular among the villagers and they treated him as one of them.（根据句意填空）
44. He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he was __________ by them to go and teach where he was needed the most.（根据句意填空）
45. Living in the village was also more __________ than he had thought. The power and water supplies were unstable, so he could only shower every three or four days, and he had to learn how to cook.（根据句意填空）
46. Paul jumped up and rushed onto the court. And clearly, all the extra hours that he’d spent practicing alone __________. The other team just couldn’t keep up with his energy and speed.（根据句意填空）
47. Besides, anybody who is feeling down can go for a run to cheer themselves up. Even a thirty-minute run will provide __________ from aches or tension that you may be suffering due to stress.（根据句意填空）
48. This was not an easy task. The reason why this was difficult was that the team had __________ resources. They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality.(根据句意填空)
49. Tu Youyou bravely __________ to be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her. The test was a success.（根据句意填空）
50. Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China, her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to reach her goals and the fact that her work __________ the Eastern and Western worlds, saving millions of lives.（根据句意填空）
51. Active learners do not judge people based on first __________ or personal feelings. Instead, they separate the message from the messenger.（根据句意填空）
第二节（14分）
52. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他最近学习压力很大，他为此感到苦恼。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示理解；
2. 你的建议及理由。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
丰台区2023-2024学年度第一学期期中练习
高一英语（B卷）
考试时间：90分钟
笔试（共三部分 100分）
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was lucky enough to test into the best high school in the city. But then came my ___1___: Am I good enough? It was a question that ___2___ me through my first month, even as I began to settle in, even as I got used to the early morning wake-ups and moving between buildings for class.
I knew I had to work to ground myself. My earliest strategy involved keeping quiet and trying to ___3___ my new classmates. Who were these kids anyway? How did they learn in school? All I knew was that they were the smartest kids in the city, obviously. ___4___ wasn’t I as well? Hadn’t I landed here because I was smart like them? The truth is that I didn’t know. This ___5___ was like a deadly cell(细胞) that threatened to divide and divide again, unless I could find some way to stop it.
Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be ___6___, and so did my second. Over the course of my first two years, I began to build the same kind of ___7___ I’d had at my previous school. With each little achievement, my doubt ___8___ took leave.
I loved any subject that involved writing and labored through math. I had classmates who were always a step or two ahead of me, whose achievements seemed effortless, but I tried not to let that get to me. I was beginning to understand that if I put in extra hours of studying, I could often ___9___ the gap. I wasn’t a straight-A student, but I was always ___10___ and I made progress.
1. A. excitement B. satisfaction C. anger D. worry
2. A. freed B. dogged C. warmed D. guided
3. A. observe B. admire C. support D. calm
4. A. Or B. So C. But D. For
5. A. guess B. doubt C. interest D. risk
6. A. excellent B. average C. different D. typical
7. A. responsibility B. friendship C. confidence D. teamwork
8. A. suddenly B. frequently C. accidentally D. slowly
9. A. close B. notice C. control D. create
10. A. expecting B. trying C. wondering D. suffering
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者转到城里最好的高中之后的适应过程。从刚开始的自我怀疑，取得了小成绩之后，疑虑慢慢消失，找回自信，并坚持一直努力，到最后取得成绩和进步。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但随之而来的是我的担忧：我足够好吗？A. excitement兴奋；B. satisfaction满意；C. anger生气；D. worry担忧。根据后文“Am I good enough?(我够好吗？)”可知，作者对自己有所怀疑和“担忧”。故选D项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个问题在我入学的第一个月里一直困扰着我，即使我已经开始适应，即使我已经习惯了清晨起床，在教学楼之间穿梭上课。A. freed释放；B. dogged(长期)困扰；C. warmed温暖；D. guided带领。根据后文“even as I began to settle in, even as I got used to the early morning wake-ups and moving between buildings for class.”可推知，这个问题“困扰着”作者很长一段时间。故选B项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最早的策略是保持安静，尽力观察我的新同学。A. observe观察；B. admire钦佩；C. support支持；D. calm使平静下来。根据后文“Who were these kids anyway? How did they learn in school?(这些孩子到底是谁?他们在学校是怎么学习的?)”可知，作者在“观察”班里的同学。故选A项。
【4题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：但我不也是吗？A. Or或者；B. So因此；C. But但是；D. For因为。分析语境可知，前文“All I knew was that they were the smartest kids in the city, obviously.(我只知道他们显然是城里最聪明的孩子)”可知，作者认为新的同学们都很聪明，后文“ 4 wasn’t I as well? (我不也是吗？)”则是对自己的怀疑，前后文之间为转折关系。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种怀疑就像一个致命的细胞，威胁着要分裂再分裂，除非我能找到办法阻止它。A. guess猜测；B. doubt怀疑；C. interest使感兴趣；D. risk冒风险。分析句子可知，“This”指代前文“ 4 wasn’t I as well? Hadn’t I landed here because I was smart like them?(但我不也是吗？我来到这里不就是因为我和他们一样聪明吗？)”，这是作者初到新的学校和班级时对自己的“怀疑”。故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我的第一轮成绩很优秀，第二轮也是如此。A. excellent极好的；B. average普通的；C. different不同的；D. typical典型的。根据“Fortunately(幸运地是)”可推知，作者第一轮的成绩应该“极好的”。故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最初的两年里，我开始建立起和在上一所学校时一样的信心。 A. responsibility责任；B. friendship友谊；C. confidence信心；D. teamwork团队合作。根据前文“Fortunately, my first round of grades turned out to be 6 , and so did my second.(幸运的是，我的第一轮成绩很优秀，第二轮也是如此)”可知，作者的成绩保持的很好，这让作者有了“信心”。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着每一项小小的成就，我的疑虑慢慢消失了。A. suddenly突然；B. frequently频繁地；C. accidentally意外地；D. slowly缓慢地。根据前文“With each little achievement(每一个小小的成就)”可知，随着每取得一点成绩，作者的自我怀疑就消失了，与“little”相呼应，这里应是“slowly”，表达“慢慢地消失”。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始明白，如果我多花几个小时学习，我经常可以缩小这种差距。A. close缩小；B. notice注意；C. control控制；D. create创造。分析语境可知，“the gap(差距)”应是指前文“always a step or two ahead of me”提及的与成绩好的同学之间的差距，作者认为通过努力，可以“缩小”这种差距。故选A项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不是一个优等生，但我一直在努力，而且我取得了进步。A. expecting期待；B. trying努力；C. wondering想知道；D. suffering遭受。根据后文“I made progress(我取得了进步)”可知，作者取得了进步是因为付出了“努力”。故选B项。
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On the first day of my first grade, I ____11____ (stand) by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I voiced my biggest concern to my mother, “How will I make friends?” She ____12____ (hand) me advice, “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years, I ____13____ (live) by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously facing ____14____ (challenge), I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself.”
【答案】11. stood##was standing
12. handed 13. have lived##have been living
14. challenges
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者二十年来，一直坚持第一天上学时妈妈告诉他的“做自己”，并且在今后的日子里，也会始终坚持“做自己”。
【11题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在上一年级的第一天，我站在门边，心里七上八下。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据时间状语“On the first day of my first grade”和句意可知，应用一般过去时或过去进行时，表示过去发生的动作或当时正在发生的动作。故填stood/was standing。
【12题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：她给我的建议是:“做你自己。”分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据“voiced”和句意可知，本句还是在讲述“On the first day of my first grade”（上一年级的第一天）所发生的事情，故应用一般过去时。故填handed。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：在过去的20年里，我一直以这句话为生。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据时间状语“For the past 20 years”和句意可知，应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，表示过去20年来已经发生的动作或一直发生的动作，有可能会继续下去。故填have lived/have been living。
【14题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：紧张面对挑战时，我知道我会对自己低声说“做你自己”这几个简单的字。分析句子可知，空处应为名词，作宾语；challenge表示“挑战”，为可数名词，故应用复数形式，表泛指。故填challenges。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Saving nature is at the very heart of what we do as World Wildlife Fund (WWF). We protect wildlife for many reasons. It is a source of inspiration. It boosts a sense of wonder. It is fundamental (重要的) to the balance of nature. In our work, WWF ___15___ (focus) on saving populations of the most important species in the wild. ____16____ (final), by protecting species, we save this beautiful and irreplaceable planet ____17____ is called home.
【答案】15. focuses
16. Finally
17. that/which
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了拯救自然是我们世界自然基金会（WWF）工作的核心，解释了其保护野生动物的原因。
【15题详解】
考查时态。句意：在我们的工作中，世界自然基金会专注于拯救野外最重要物种的种群。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为WWF，谓语用三单形式。故填focuses。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：最后，通过保护物种，我们拯救了这个美丽而不可替代的星球，我们称之为家。修饰后文句子应用副词finally，作状语，首字母大写。故填Finally。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最后，通过保护物种，我们拯救了这个美丽而不可替代的星球，我们称之为家。定语从句修饰先行词planet，在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
After college I wanted to make a difference in the world, so I joined the Peace Corps and ____18____ (become) a volunteer teacher in Namibia. This was my first time going abroad and living ____19____ local people. Simply getting used to the living conditions was a big challenge. Honestly, my first choice wasn’t Africa, but I am thankful that I ____20____ (send) there. Before Namibia, I never thought I would adapt to such a situation. Step outside of your comfort zone and face the challenge. You won’t regret it.
【答案】18. became
19. with 20. was sent
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者大学毕业后，去纳米比亚成为了一名志愿教师，并且很快适应了当地的环境，作者鼓励大家勇敢走出自己的舒适区，面对挑战。
18题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：大学毕业后，我想改变世界，所以我加入了和平队，并在纳米比亚当了一名志愿教师。分析句子可知，空处应为动词，与“joined”作并列谓语，句子使用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作，动词应用过去式形式。故填became。
【19题详解】
考查介词。句意：这是我第一次出国，和当地人在一起生活。分析句子可知，空处应为介词，后接名词短语“local people”作宾语；根据句意，这里是指“和当地人一起生活”，即live with local people。故填with。
【20题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：实话说，我的第一选择不是非洲，但我很感激被送到了那里。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据前文“so I joined the Peace Corps and 1 (become) a volunteer teacher in Namibia.”中的谓语动词及句意可知，作者去纳米比亚当志愿教师是过去发生的动作，故空处应用一般过去时，主语I与send之间应为被动关系，表示“我被送往”，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是I，be动词应用was。故填was sent。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Sunshine High School
EcoCentral
This website is all about looking after the Earth. There are facts about different animals, as well as information about forests, deserts and oceans: You can upload your own videos onto the site for everyone to see.
TeenPress
This is one of the best sites on the web for teenagers who love writing. You can share your work with others, and there are message boards where you can chat about things that are important to you.
ChannelTwenty
On this site you can watch a daily news program and search for information about big news stories. There are also videos on different subjects, articles about famous bands, games and competitions.
Inside-the-cover
Finding out about your favorite writers is easy on this site. There are lots of interesting articles and information about the latest books. You can read blogs by well-known writers and post questions to them. And you are likely to get replies from them.
Tune-in
There are millions of songs on this website for you to download or listen to online. You can save your favorite songs in your own list. If you’re in a band, you can record your music and upload it. The website is large, but the menus are easy to use.
ScienceZone
There’s lots of information on this site about maths, chemistry and biology. You can visit some of the world’s most famous museums, or watch wildlife via webcams. There are also some very cool games, such as Save the Planet.
21. TeenPress is a website for teenagers who ________.
A. enjoy writing B. care about the Earth
C. like watching the news D. are interested in music
22. On Inside-the-cover, you can ________.
A. take writing classes B. share your articles
C. learn about the latest books D. answer the writers’ questions
23. If you like visiting online museums, which website is best for you?
A. EcoCentral. B. ScienceZone.
C. Tune-in. D. ChannelTwenty.
24. The author writes the passage to________.
A. introduce websites to teenagers
B. teach teenagers to design websites
C. encourage teenagers to create websites
D. compare different websites for teenagers
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了六个网站，分别涉及到了动物、写作、新闻、新书、歌曲和博物馆方面的信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据TeenPress部分的This is one of the best sites on the web for teenagers who love writing.（对于喜欢写作的青少年来说，这是最好的网站之一。）可知，TeenPress是一个为喜欢写作的青少年开设的网站。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Inside-the-cover 部分的There are lots of interesting articles and information about the latest books.（有很多关于最新书籍的有趣的文章和信息。）可知，在Inside-the-cover，你可以了解最新的书籍。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据ScienceZone部分的You can visit some of the world’s most famous museums, or watch wildlife via webcams.(你可以参观一些世界上最著名的博物馆，或者通过网络摄像头观看野生动物)可知，如果你喜欢参观网上博物馆，ScienceZone最适合你。故选B。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文以及文章各段落的主要内容可知，本文介绍了六个网站，分别涉及到了动物、写作、新闻、新书、歌曲和博物馆方面的信息，作者写这篇文章是为了向青少年介绍网站。故选A。
B
It was a week after my mom had passed away and I didn’t know how to go on with life. So when I received an email from a friend about a race benefiting cancer research, I ignored it. It seemed to prick my heart, as cancer was the disease that had taken my mother away from me.
But something about my friend’s words—“I can help organize the whole thing”—stuck with me. I felt obliged（有义务的）to agree. In the weeks to come, I managed to re-enter the world of the living. I checked our team’s website daily, feeling proud each time a donation ticked up our total. I knew my mom would have wanted it that way. She was the type who never got defeated. It was this very spirit that helped me get by.
When the race ended I noticed the runners all had one thing in common: There were big smiles on their faces. They made it look so rewarding and effortless. I wanted in.
So I enrolled in another race two months later. Considering I could barely run a mile, it was ambitious. But my friend and I made a training plan so I wouldn’t come in last. I followed it religiously and didn’t let anything get in my way.
Running up and down the city’s hills, I was flooded with memories. I had lived there after college and my mother had visited often. I passed Bloomingdale’s, recalling the time she and I had gotten into a screaming argument there.
I was about to beat myself up when I remembered what Mom had said after her diagnosis of cancer. “I don’t want you to feel guilty about anything.” Her paper-thin hands had held me tightly. A weight lifted from my shoulders.
When the race day arrived, I gave it my all for my mom and for all she had taught me and continued to teach me. As I ran, whenever I felt like slowing down, I pictured her cheering me on.
Crossing the finish line, I was filled with her love and a sense of peace.
25. Why did the author ignore the email in the beginning?
A. She felt it hard to finish the race.
B. She had no time to join in the event.
C. She thought the research meaningless.
D. She was reminded of her mother’s death.
26. What mainly helped the author recover from her mom’s death?
A. The company of her friends. B. The inspiration from her mom.
C. The pleasure in going for a run. D. The success in organizing an event.
27. Which of the words can best describe the author’s mom?
A. Considerate and polite. B. Brave and humorous.
C. Strong-willed and caring. D. Outgoing and patient.
28. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. How I Got Healed in Running B. The Loss of Sweet Memories
C. What Matters Most in Running D. The Rewards of Great Friendship
【答案】25. D 26. B 27. C 28. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者母亲去世之后，作者对母亲的回忆及母亲赐予作者的力量，使他能够从悲伤中走出来，积极面对生活。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句“It seemed to prick my heart, as cancer was the disease that had taken my mother away from me.”（这件事似乎刺痛了我的心，正是癌症夺去了我母亲的生命。）可知这个比赛使作者想起了因癌症过世的母亲。故选D项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“She was the type who never got defeated. It was this very spirit that helped me get by.”（她是那种永远不会被打败的人。正是这种精神帮助我度过那段艰难的时期。）可知，母亲永不言败的精神支撑作者从悲伤中恢复。故选B项。
27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第六句“She was the type who never got defeated. ”（她是那种永远不会被打败的人。）可知作者的母亲意志力坚强，并结合第六段第二句“I don’t want you to feel guilty about anything.”（我不希望你对任何事情感到内疚。）说明母亲关心爱护作者。所以作者母亲是一个意志坚强，又体贴的人。故选C项。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第二句“As I ran, whenever I felt like slowing down, I pictured her cheering me on. Crossing the finish line, I was filled with her love and a sense of peace.”（在赛跑的时候，每当我想慢下来的时候，就会看到母亲鼓励我的画面。通过终点线时，我内心充满了她的关爱和一种平和感。）并结合上文作者对母亲的回忆，可知母亲治愈了作者，正是母亲的鼓励，他才能完成比赛。故选A项。
C
We rely on our memory not only for sharing stories with friends or learning from our past experiences, but we also use it for crucial things like creating a sense of personal identity. Yet evidence shows that our memory isn’t as consistent as we’d like to believe.
There are countless reasons why tiny mistakes might happen each time we recall past events, ranging from what we believe is true or wish were true, to what someone else told us about the past event, or what we want that person to think.
And whenever these mistakes happen, they can have long-term effects on how we’ll recall that memory in the future.
Take storytelling for example. When we describe our memories to other people, we might ask ourselves whether it’s vital to get the facts straight, or whether we only want to make the listener laugh. And we might change the story’s details depending on the listener’s attitudes. It isn’t only the message that changes, but sometimes it’s also the memory itself. This is known as the “audience-tuning effect”, showing us how our memories can change automatically over time, as a product of how, when, and why we access them.
In fact, sometimes simply the act of rehearsing(复述) a memory can be exactly what makes it susceptible(易受影响的)to change. This is known as “retrieval-enhanced suggestibility”. In a typical study of this effect, participants watched a short film, then took a memory test a few days later. But during the days between watching the film and taking the final test, two other things happened. First, half of the participants took a practice memory test. Second, all of the participants were given a description of the film to read, which contained some false details. Participants who took a practice memory test shortly before reading the false information were more likely to reproduce this false information in the final memory test.
Why might this be? One theory is that rehearsing our memories of past events can temporarily make those memories malleable. In other words, retrieving(找回)a memory might be a bit like taking ice-cream out of the freezer and leaving it in direct sunlight for a while. By the time our memory goes back into the freezer, it might have naturally become a little misshapen, especially if someone has influenced it purposely in the meantime.
These findings lead us to wonder how much our most treasured memories have changed since the very first time we remembered them. Remembering is an act of storytelling, after all. And our memories are only ever as reliable as the most recent story we told ourselves.
29. According to the “audience-tuning effect”, our memories can ________.
A. change our personal identity B. correct mistakes on their own
C. determine our attitudes to others D. be affected by how we handle them
30. What can we infer from the study of “retrieval-enhanced suggestibility”?
A. Practice can make imperfect. B. Storytelling brings back memories.
C. Rehearsing contributes to better memories. D. Memory abilities vary from person to person.
31. What does the underlined word “malleable” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Acceptable. B. Valuable. C. Changeable. D. Controllable.
【答案】29. D 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。通过实验研究证明反复的回忆会使记忆发生改变。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“This is known as the “audience-tuning effect”, showing us how our memories can change automatically over time, as a product of how, when, and why we access them.(这就是所谓的“观众调谐效应”，它向我们展示了我们的记忆是如何随着时间的推移而自动变化的，这是我们如何、何时以及为什么读取记忆的结果)”可知，我们处理记忆的方式会影响我们的记忆。故选D。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“In fact, sometimes simply the act of rehearsing(复述)a memory can be exactly what makes it susceptible(易受影响的)to change. (事实上，有时仅仅是复述记忆的行为就能使记忆容易改变。)”结合本段中的实验结果可知，复述记忆次数多的受试者更容易改变记忆。由此可推知，经常回忆并不会完美的重现记忆。故选A。
【31题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“By the time our memory goes back into the freezer, it might have naturally become a little misshapen, especially if someone has influenced it purposely in the meantime.(当我们的记忆回到冰库时，它可能会自然而然地变得有点畸形，特别是如果有人同时有意的影响它)”可知，这里将记忆与取出冰箱的冰激凌作类比，冰激凌会融化变形，记忆也一样会发生改变。由此可推知，划线词malleable与changeable同义，表示“可变的”。故选C。
D
Over millions of years humans have responded to certain situations without thinking too hard. If our ancestors spotted movement in the nearby forest, they would run first and question later. At the same time, the ability to analyze and to plan is part of what separates us from other animals. The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉)and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah(草原).
Slow thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace. Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and less to analysis. In demanding customer-service or public-facing situations, instinct is often a better guide to how to behave.
Instinct can also be improved. Plenty of research has shown that instinct becomes more unerring with experience. In one well-known experiment, volunteers were asked to assess whether a selection of designer handbags were real or not. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate(深思熟虑)over their decision. Instinct worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it outperformed analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be.
However, the real reason to embrace fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. It is often the only way to get through the day. To take one example, when your inbox floods with new emails at the start of a new day, there is absolutely no way to read them all carefully. Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. The value of many managerial decisions lies in the simple fact that they have been made at all. Yet as data explodes, the temptation(诱惑)to ask for one more bit of analysis has become much harder to resist. Managers often suffer from overthinking, turning a simple problem into a complex one.
When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. Does the decision maker have real expertise in this area? Is this a field in which emotion matters more than reasoning? Above all, is it worth delaying the decision? Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right. But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning to a waste of time.
32. What does the underlined word “unerring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Accurate. B. Creative. C. Controllable. D. Obvious.
33. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Managers can afford the cost of slow thinking.
B. Fast thinking can be a boost to work efficiency.
C. Slow thinking will hold us back in the long run.
D. Too much data is to blame for wrong decisions.
34. What is the author's purpose of writing the passage?
A. To explain how instinct works.
B. To compare instinct and slow thinking.
C. To highlight the value of instinct in the workplace.
D. To illustrate the development of different thinking patterns.
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了直觉在工作场所的应用价值。
【32题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第三段第一句“Instinct can also be improved.”（直觉能够被改善。）及最后一句“The more expert you become, the better your instinct tends to be.”（你变得越熟练，直觉越准确。）说明随着熟练度的提高，直觉也会越来越准确。故“unerring”应是“无偏差的，精确的”意思。故选A项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段第四句第五句“Instinct is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened. Fast thinking can also help the entire organization. ”（直觉能够帮助你决定哪些邮件需要回复，哪些需要删除，哪些不用打开。快速思考也对整个组织有益。）可知快速思考可以提高工作效率，避免在不重要的事情上浪费时间。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“The question of when to trust your instinct (直觉 )and when to think slow matters in the office as much as in the savannah (草原)”.（什么时候应该相信你的直觉及什么时候应该缓慢思考的问题在办公室和在大草原上一样重要。）可知，在工作场所，直觉也是很重要的。结合最后一段第一句“When to use instinct in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition. ”（什么时候在工作场所使用直觉取决于其自身的识别模式。）可知要具体分析在工作场所使用直觉的情况。联系全文内容可知，本文主要强调了直觉在工作场所的应用价值。故选C项。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It won’t sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person’s wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem(自尊心) and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier.
____35____ “From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,” states a study.
____36____ Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others?
Many of us don’t have a real sense of our value. It’s been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. ____37____ This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.
Unlike a conscience(良心), this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior. ____38____ It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don’t stick your neck out”: “No one wants to hear from you”; and “You’re going to make a fool of yourself.”
One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others ____39____ We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we’re able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others.
A. However, the work doesn’t stop there.
B. People may lower the value of their own kind comments.
C. We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down.
D. Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden.
E. This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.
F. Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others.
G. Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.
【答案】35. G 36. E 37. C 38. F 39. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了善良在一个人的幸福中起着重要作用时，这听起来并不是一个大惊喜。然而令人惊讶的却是，人们可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。这是因为一种“内心批判”在促使人们贬低自己对他人产生的价值。要摒弃掉自我内心批判，同时看到对他人的积极影响，能够做到这一点的程度将有助于决定我们自己的幸福以及我们在他人身上点燃的幸福。
【35题详解】
设空句为该段主旨句，后文内容时对其具体的解释。根据后文“‘From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,’ states a study.(一项研究称：“从在公园里送一杯热巧克力到在实验室里送一份礼物，那些表现出善意的人总是低估了接受者的积极感受，认为他们的行为没有接受者想象的那么有价值。”)”可知，该部分强调表现善意的人低估了自己的行为对他人的影响。选项G“Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.(然而，人们可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。)”在句意上贴合该段主旨，“even the smallest of kind acts(甚至是最小的善举)”对应后文的“From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab(从在公园里送一杯热巧克力到在实验室里送一份礼物)”。故选G项。
【36题详解】
根据后文“Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others?(然而，为什么我们认为某人会从善意行为中感受到的与他们的真实感受之间存在差异？为什么我们低估了我们对他人的影响？)”提出了一系列的疑问并结合上文内容可推知，设空句应是一个结论句，且上文内容有关，应包含关键词“underestimate(低估，看轻)”含义。选项E“This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.(这种误解表明，人们贬低自己与他人的关系。)”中主语“This misunderstanding”指代上一段内容，在句意上是针对上文得出的结论，且“devalue”对应“underestimate”，符合词汇复现原则。故选E项。
【37题详解】
根据后文“This ‘voice’ tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.(这种“声音”倾向于将我们的注意力转移到评估我们的一举一动，并对我们的关系产生不良影响。) ”为第二次提出这种“声音”，说明设空句应是首次提到这种“声音”，且是一种产生消极影响的声音。选项C“We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down.(我们都有一种“批判的内心声音”，这种声音往往会让我们失望。)”提出了名词“批判的内心声音”，符合分析。故选C项。
【38题详解】
根据前文“Unlike a conscience, this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior.(与良心不同，这种内心的批评不会激发积极的行为。)”提出了“内心批判”是消极的，由此可推知，设空句应进一步强调其消极性的具体影响，同时包含话题“贬低自己的影响”。选项F“Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others. (相反，它使我们与自己作对，使我们低估了自己对他人的有益影响。)”讲到了内心批判对自己和对他人具体消极影响，且“Instead”与前文构成反义转折关系，前后衔接紧密。故选F项。
【39题详解】
根据前文“One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others.(对抗我们批判的内心声音的一个好方法是善待他人。)”提到了一个抵制内心批判的方式，后文“We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect.(我们还必须努力通过我们所影响的人的眼睛来看待自己。)”则提到了下一个步骤，由此可推知，设空句应是转折句，说明不仅仅有第一步，以承接后文。选项A“However, the work doesn’t stop there.(然而，这项工作并不止于此。)”为转折句，“the work”呼应前文内容，在句意上承接后文。故选A项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共 12小题, 共 18 分）
阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词汇或短语。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
40. I do a wide range of things online. I shop for various things online, such as books, computer hardware and other necessities. It’s so __________ to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.（根据句意填空）
【答案】convenient
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我在网上做各种事情。我在网上买各种东西，比如书籍、电脑硬件和其他必需品。在我购买之前，可以比较不同网上商店的质量和价格，这是非常方便的。根据句意可知，空处应用表示“方便的”形容词convenient，作表语。故填convenient。
41. It usually takes me 20 minutes to get home by bus. I often use the time to review English words. As the popular saying goes, “Every minute __________!”(根据句意填空)
【答案】counts
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我乘公共汽车回家通常要花20分钟。我经常利用这段时间复习英语单词。常言道：“分秒必争!”。根据上文“I often use the time to review English words”可知，“我”热爱学习，分秒必争，每一分钟对我来说都很“重要”。用不及物动词count作谓语动词，意为“重要”，陈述生活哲理用一般现在时态，主语是单词名词，谓语用单数形式。故填counts。
42. At school, I do my homework when I have spare time. After school, I try to use any possible time to __________ the things I have learnt during the day.（根据句意填空）
【答案】revise##review
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：在学校，我有空闲时间就做作业。放学后，我尽量利用任何可能的时间复习我在白天学到的东西。根据句意，用动词revise/review，表示“复习”。不定式to后接动词原形。故填revise/review。
43. Zhang Tian’s first year is almost over. It has been a tough year, but he has enjoyed working with the children. The __________ Zhang Tian made to the village was great, so he became very popular among the villagers and they treated him as one of them.（根据句意填空）
【答案】contribution
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：张天的第一年快结束了。这是艰难的一年，但他很喜欢和孩子们一起工作。张天对村子的贡献很大，所以他在村民中很受欢迎，他们把他当作他们中的一员。句中用名词作主语。根据句意，表示“贡献”用名词contribution，表示特指，用名词的单数形式。故填contribution。
44. He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he was __________ by them to go and teach where he was needed the most.（根据句意填空）
【答案】inspired
【解析】
【详解】考查语态。句意：在他上学的早期，他遇到了来自小村庄的优秀老师，他们激励他去最需要他的地方教书。根据句意可知，空处应用动词inspire，表示“激励”，he与inspire为被动关系，所以空处应用动词的过去分词形式，与was构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填 inspired。
45. Living in the village was also more __________ than he had thought. The power and water supplies were unstable, so he could only shower every three or four days, and he had to learn how to cook.（根据句意填空）
【答案】challenging
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：住在村子里也比他想象的更具挑战性。根据下文“The power and water supplies were unstable, so he could only shower every three or four days, and he had to learn how to cook.”可知，村子的电力和水供应不稳定，只能三四天洗一次澡，还得学习做饭。由此可知，住在村中还是具有挑战性的。challenging“具有挑战性的”，符合语境。该形容词在句中作表语。故填challenging。
46. Paul jumped up and rushed onto the court. And clearly, all the extra hours that he’d spent practicing alone __________. The other team just couldn’t keep up with his energy and speed.（根据句意填空）
【答案】paid off
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。句意：保罗跳起来冲进球场。很明显，他额外时间的独自练习都有了回报。另一个队跟不上他的精力和速度。根据下文“The other team just couldn’t keep up with his energy and speed.”可知，保罗额外时间的独自练习都有了回报，“得到回报”为短语pay off， that he’d spent practicing alone是定语从句，所以all the extra hours为主语，和动词pay off是主动关系，由jumped，rushed可知，句子描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，故填paid off。
47. Besides, anybody who is feeling down can go for a run to cheer themselves up. Even a thirty-minute run will provide __________ from aches or tension that you may be suffering due to stress.（根据句意填空）
【答案】relief
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：此外，任何情绪低落的人都可以去跑步，让自己振作起来。即使是30分钟的跑步也能缓解你可能因压力而遭受的疼痛或紧张。由第一句可知，跑步有好处，即跑步可以“减轻”疼痛或紧张，再由动词 provide 后接名词作宾语可知，此处填入名词relief合适，relief from ：从……中获得缓解或解脱。故填relief。
48. This was not an easy task. The reason why this was difficult was that the team had __________ resources. They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality.(根据句意填空)
【答案】limited
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这不是一件容易的事。这很困难的原因是团队的资源有限。他们没有足够的员工，他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。根据下文“They did not have enough staff”和“the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality”可推知，团队条件不好，资源“有限”。空格处用形容词limited作定语，意为“有限的”。故填limited。
49. Tu Youyou bravely __________ to be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her. The test was a success.（根据句意填空）
【答案】volunteered
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，句意：当他们准备开始测试时，屠呦呦勇敢地自愿成为第一个人类受试者，她的团队其他成员也跟着做了起来。测试很成功。根据句意可知，空处为volunteer的某种形式作谓语。再结合“were”可知，为一般过去时。故填volunteered。
50. Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China, her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to reach her goals and the fact that her work __________ the Eastern and Western worlds, saving millions of lives.（根据句意填空）
【答案】bridged
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：屠呦呦因其在中国科学困难时期作为一名科学家的勇敢而闻名，她有能力运用古老的智慧和新的方法来实现她的目标，以及她的工作在东西方世界之间架起了一座桥梁，拯救了数百万人的生命。结合句意“架起桥梁”可知应用动词bridge，结合上文可知为一般过去时。故填bridged。
51. Active learners do not judge people based on first __________ or personal feelings. Instead, they separate the message from the messenger.（根据句意填空）
【答案】impressions
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：主动学习者不会根据第一印象或个人感受来判断别人。相反，他们将信息与信使分开。根据上文Active learners do not judge people based on first等信息可知，此处表示“根据第一印象”，应用名词impression作介词on的宾语。根据句意可知，用复数表泛指，故填impressions。
第二节（14分）
52. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他最近学习压力很大，他为此感到苦恼。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示理解；
2. 你的建议及理由。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m sorry to learn that you’ve been under a lot of pressure lately. It is natural to feel pressured when you attend a new school. Here are some suggestions that can help you deal with stress.
First, try to build up your confidence. Study is a long-term process and confidence plays an important role in it. So never give up no matter what happens. Second, you should find your own strengths and weaknesses, and seek help from both teachers and classmates when facing difficulties and stress. Last but not least, doing more physical exercise can keep you fit as well as relax yourself.
I hope you will get out of your trouble soon. I believe it will all work out. Cheer up! Let me know if I can help further.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回复邮件，对他因学习压力很大感到苦恼表示理解，并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestion→advice
压力：stress→pressure
健康的：fit→healthy
摆脱：get out of→get rid of
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：First, try to build up your confidence. Study is a long-term process and confidence plays an important role in it.
拓展句：First, try to build up your confidence because study is a long-term process and confidence plays an important role in it.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m sorry to learn that you’ve been under a lot of pressure lately. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Last but not least, doing more physical exercise can keep you fit as well as relax yourself. (运用了动名词短语作主语)
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