北京市第十九中学2023-2024学年高二下学期4月期中英语试卷（Word版附解析）

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（考试时长 90 分钟 满分 100 分)
本试卷共 8 页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：知识运用 （共两节，30 分）
第一节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was a rainy mrning and the children, mainly bys with varius learning difficulties, refused t settle fr the start f the lessn. As an inexperienced teacher, I tried every means t get them t be__________1__________, but in vain. My panic was rising and I culd feel my heart beating wildly. This was the______2______f my jb as a music teacher, I thught—teaching was nt fr me. Then I had an idea. Hping that n ne wuld ntice that I was______3______inside, I threw my vice as far as it wuld reach: “Put yur heads n the desks and clse yur eyes! We are ging n a jurney.”
____4____, the children fell silent. “Nw what shuld I d?” I thught t myself. Reaching ver t my cllectin f CDs, I blindly___5___, put it in the machine and played it. Obediently (顺从地) , my class lay their heads n their desks, clsed their eyes and_____6_____. When the music started, the rm was filled with the mst beautiful tnes and musical clrs I culd have ever imagined. All the children were______7______. When the music finished, I asked them all t raise their______8______slwly s that we culd share ur musical jurneys.
At this pint, when all the children were willing t share their experiences, I began t learn hw t teach. The music allwed me t learn that teaching is abut sharing and respect, tears and smiles, the knwing and the______9______and, mst f all, an understanding f each ther. This was the pwer that_______10_______in the classrm culd have.
1. A. gladB. safeC. kindD. quiet
2. A. endB. aimC. ruleD. plan
3. A. guessingB. shakingC. respndingD. laughing
4. A. PunctuallyB. ImprtantlyC. AmazinglyD. Obviusly
5. A. passed ne nB. gave ne backC. turned ne inD. tk ne ut
6. A. sleptB. nddedC. waitedD. cntinued
7. A. talkingB. singingC. dancingD. listening
8. A. legsB. headsC. armsD. shulders
9. A. unpreparedB. unspkenC. unknwnD. unfrgtten
10. A. gamesB. musicC. tearsD. knwledge
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一次上音乐课的经历，通过改变教学方式，“失控课堂”即可变成“乐学”课堂，同时作者也告诉读者音乐的力量在于它使人们能够相互理解。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个没有经验的老师，我想尽一切办法让他们安静下来，但没有成功。A. glad高兴的；B. safe安全的；C. kind善良的；D. quiet安静的。由上文的“mainly bys with varius learning difficulties，refused t settle fr the start f the lessn”和下文的“the children fell silent”可知，一开始孩子们拒绝安心开始上课（说明孩子们很吵闹），所以作为老师的作者，想让他们安静下来。故选D项。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为音乐教师的工作到头了，教学不适合我。A. end结束；B. aim目标；C. rule规则；D. plan计划。由下文的“I thught—teaching was nt fr me”可知，作者认为教学不适合自己，所以觉得音乐教师这一工作要结束了、到头了。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：希望没有人注意到我内心在发抖，我把声音尽量往外抛：“把头放在桌子上，闭上眼睛！我们要去旅行。”A. guessing猜测；B. shaking颤抖；C. respnding响应；D. laughing嘲笑。由上文的“My panic was rising and I culd feel my heart beating wildly.”可知，作者很恐慌、心脏在狂跳，说明作者内心并不平静，在颤抖。故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊奇的是，孩子们安静了下来。A. Punctually准时地；B. Imprtantly重要地；C. Amazingly令人惊奇地；D. Obviusly明显地。由上文语境和“Put yur heads n the desks and clse yur eyes! We are ging n a jurney.”可知，一开始作者想尽办法都不能让孩子们安静下来，可作者说了“把头放在桌子上，闭上眼睛！我们要去旅行。”这句话后，孩子们就安静下来，这很令作者惊讶。故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我伸手去拿我收藏的CD，盲目地拿出一张，放进机器里播放。A. passed ne n传递；B. gave ne back回馈；C. turned ne in上交；D. tk ne ut拿出、取出。由上文的“Reaching ver t my cllectin f CDs”和下文的“put it in the machine and played it”可知，作者伸手去拿收藏的CD并播放了，说明作者拿出了一张CD。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：顺从地，我们班的学生把头靠在课桌上，闭上眼睛等着。A. slept睡觉；B. ndded点头；C. waited等待；D. cntinued继续。由上文的“my class lay their heads n their desks, clsed their eyes”和下文的“When the music started”可知，音乐还未开始，孩子们把头靠在课桌上，闭上眼睛是为了等着听音乐。故选C项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有的孩子都在听。A. talking谈话；B. singing唱歌；C. dancing跳舞；D. listening倾听。由上文的“my class lay their heads n their desks, clsed their eyes and_____6_____.”可知，作者班上的孩子们都把头靠在课桌上，闭上眼睛，这是为了等着听音乐，说明所有的孩子都在听。故选D项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：音乐结束后，我让他们慢慢抬起头来，这样我们就可以分享我们的音乐之旅。A. legs腿；B. heads头；C. arms手臂；D. shulders肩膀。由上文的“my class lay their heads n their desks”可知，听音乐前，班上的孩子们都把头靠在课桌上，所以听完后，作者让孩子们抬起头来。故选B项。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：音乐让我明白了教学是关于分享和尊重，眼泪和微笑，知道和未知，最重要的是，相互理解。A. unprepared无准备的；B. unspken默契的；C. unknwn未知的；D. unfrgtten牢记的。由上文的“tears and smiles”可知，眼泪和微笑是一对反义词，此处用unknwn和前文形成对比。故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是教室里音乐所能拥有的力量。A. games游戏；B. music音乐；C. tears眼泪；D. knwledge知识。由上文语境可知，作者想尽办法都不能让孩子们安静下来，而音乐瞬间使孩子们安静下来，并让作者也明白了教学是什么，这体现了教室里音乐所能拥有的力量。故选B项。
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Music cmes in different styles and frms. But my favrite music genre is jazz, and it is smth and relaxing. Whenever I am tired r _____11_____desperatin, I listen t jazz n my cell phne. In n time, I find myself ____12____(relax). Even when I study, I als play jazz as backgrund music. In the last few years, my days ____13____(brighten) due t jazz.
【答案】11. in 12. relaxed
13. have been brightened
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在最喜欢的音乐类型是爵士乐，因为它流畅而放松。在过去的几年里，作者的日子因爵士乐而变得明亮起来。
【11题详解】
考查介词。句意：每当我累了或绝望的时候，我就用手机听爵士乐。分析句子可知，此处为介词短语in desperatin“在绝望中，处于绝望状态中”，满足句意要求，所以此处为介词in的填入。故填in。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：很快，我发现自己放松了。根据句意可知，此处为形容词relaxed“感到放松的”作宾语补足语，满足句意要求。故填relaxed。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：在过去的几年里，我的日子因爵士乐而变得明亮起来。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据该句时间状语In the last few years可知，此处为现在完成时，主语my days单数名词和动词brighten为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故填have been brightened。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Chinese petry is an essential part f Chinese culture,____14____ reflects the thughts, feelings, and experiences f Chinese peple thrugh the ages. The frms and styles f Chinese petry have undergne (经历) many changes, but its beauty and pwer have always been preserved. One f the ____15____ (significant) features f Chinese petry is its use f rhyme and meter. ____16____ (cmbine) with the use f imagery and symblism, these elements make Chinese petry unique and unfrgettable.
【答案】14. which
15. mst significant
16. Cmbined
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。中国诗歌作为文化瑰宝，穿越时代映照国人情思，其韵律美与象征意象的独特融合，成就了不可磨灭的艺术魅力与深远影响。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：中国诗歌是中华文化的重要组成部分，它反映了世代中国人的情感、思想和经历。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【15题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：中国诗歌最重要的特点之一是押韵和韵律的运用。这里要求填入significant“重要的”的适当形式来修饰features。由于“ne f the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”是一个固定结构，用于表达“最……之一”，因此需要将significant变为最高级形式mst significant。故填mst significant。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：与意象和象征手法的结合，这些元素使得中国诗歌独特且难以忘怀。本句谓语为make，此处为非谓语动词，且cmbine“（使）结合”与逻辑主语these elements之间是被动关系，故用现在分词形式cmbining，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Cmbined。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nearly tw decades have passed since China ____17____(send) the first Beidu satellite int space in 2000. During that time, mre Beidu satellites were sent int rbit (轨道), ____18____ (frm) the Beidu Navigatin Satellite System (BDS). In late 2012, it began prviding psitining, navigatin, timing and messaging ____19____ (service) t peple in China and ther parts f the Asia-Pacific regin. At the end f 2018, BDS started t serve users wrldwide. Nw with tw mre Beidu satellites ____20____ (launch) n Dec 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in rbit.
【答案】17. sent
18. frming
19. services
20. launched
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成北斗导航卫星系统。文章还说明了从2012年底到2019年期间，北斗系统能提供的功能和完善情况。
【17题详解】
考查时态。句意：自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。结合in 2000可知，since引导的时间状语时态用一般过去时，谓语用send“发送”的过去式。故填sent。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成了北斗导航卫星系统（BDS）。本句谓语为were sent，此处为非谓语动词，frm“形成”与其逻辑主语Beidu satellites之间是主动关系，用现在分词，作结果状语。故填frming。
【19题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：2012年底，该公司开始向中国和亚太地区其他地区的用户提供定位、导航、授时和信息服务。service“服务”为可数名词，根据上文psitining, navigatin, timing and messaging可知，此处服务不止一种，故应用名词复数形式。故填services。
【20题详解】
考查with复合结构。句意：随着2019年12月16日又发射两颗北斗卫星，北斗系统在轨卫星总数达到53颗。这里是with复合结构，即“with+宾补+宾补”，因为Beidu satellites“北斗卫星”和launch“发射”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词，作宾补。故填launched。
第二部分：阅读理解 （共两节，38 分）
第一节 （共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Fr many travelers these days, finding a way t make travel mre meaningful has becme a tp pririty. They are increasingly pursuing jurneys that include time t vlunteer, wrk n a cnservatin prject, prtect endangered animals r t d ther activities that allw fr giving back while explring a new part f the wrld. Here are sme pprtunities that cmbine travel with ding gd deeds.
The Azres
The trips ffer the pprtunity t wrk n carefully selected prjects alngside famus scientists while als enjying encunters with sme f the wrld’s mst fascinating sea creatures in water. It allws participants t jin a research team in the Azres that s studying the animals t supprt future cnservatin f the species. Advanced diving experience is required.
Red Sea Egypt
Cmbining an pprtunity fr wrld-class diving with being part f an imprtant research effrt cnducted by Hurghada Envirnmental Prtectin and Cnservatin Assciatin. The seven-night trip includes learning hw t gather water data with state -f- the -art scientific equipment and cnducting nbard and underwater experiments.
Australia
Explre Queensland, Australia, while als supprting a registered charity that rescues farm animals frm abuse, neglect, and situatins where they’re in danger. Participants help with daily cleaning f barns (牲口圈) and cages. feeding, health checks, light repair, mnitring animals’ mvements, and intensive care f ill, ld and baby animals. The experience includes free accmmdatins with Wi Fi and a swimming pl.
Rmania
Wrk with bears at Rmania’s largest bear sanctuary (庇护所), a place that was created as a heaven fr bears that have been abused. Lcated in the Carpathian Muntains, the sanctuary needs vlunteers t help with preparing fd, mnitring animal well-being and leading cnservatin turs. The sanctuary is hme t 84 bears, with 20 mre due t be rescued.
21. What d the first tw trips have in cmmn?
A. Bth invlve underwater activities.
B. Bth prvide free accmmdatins.
C. Bth require advanced diving experience.
D. Bth teach hw t use scientific equipment.
22. Which place best suits a girl wh likes hrses?
A. The Azres.B. Red Sea.C. Australia.D. Rmania.
23. Why are the bears adpted by the sanctuary in Rmania?
A. They have n fd.B. They are badly treated.
C. They shuld be mnitred.D. They need t live in muntains.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四处旅游地点。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Azres部分的“The trips ffer the pprtunity t wrk n carefully selected prjects alngside famus scientists while als enjying encunters with sme f the wrld’s mst fascinating sea creatures in water.(这些旅程提供了与著名科学家一起从事精心挑选的项目的机会，同时也享受与一些世界上最迷人的海洋生物在水中相遇的乐趣。)”和Red Sea, Egypt部分的“Cmbining an pprtunity fr wrld-class diving with being part f an imprtant research effrt(既是世界级潜水的机会，也是重要研究工作的一部分)”和“The seven-night trip includes learning hw t gather water data with state -f- the -art scientific equipment and cnducting nbard and underwater experiments.(7个晚上的旅行包括学习如何用最先进的科学设备收集水数据，以及进行船上和水下实验。)”可知，两者都有水下活动。故选A。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据Australia部分的“Explre Queensland, Australia, while als supprting a registered charity that rescues farm animals frm abuse, neglect, and situatins where they’re in danger.(探索澳大利亚昆士兰，同时也支持一个注册的慈善机构，该机构拯救农场动物，使它们免受虐待、忽视和危险。)”可推知，这里可能有马，最适合喜欢马的女孩，故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段的“Wrk with bears at Rmania’s largest bear sanctuary (庇护所), a place that was created as a heaven fr bears that have been abused.(在罗马尼亚最大的熊保护区和熊一起工作，这里是被虐待的熊的天堂。)”可知，这些熊会被罗马尼亚的保护区收养是因为它们受到虐待。故选B。
B
Learning t say “yes, and”
When I first heard abut the imprvisatin (即兴交流) class, I was hesitating. As a quiet and shy girl, I feared imprvising in frnt f strangers. Hwever, I knew I wanted t wrk as a science cmmunicatr after finishing my Ph.D., s it seemed like a perfect chance t learn hw t speak and cmmunicate with thers effectively. I signed up, knwing the experience wuld give me help.
During ur first class, we learned an imprtant cncept f imprvisatin: “yes, and.” It means that, as imprvisers, we’d better accept what fellw perfrmers say. If smene says that rhins (犀牛) are librarians, fr example, then rhins are librarians. We d nt questin the lgic; we say “yes” and then cntinue with the scene as if nthing is wrng.
The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned int mnths, I became mre cmfrtable and even started t enjy ur classes. I became better at listening, relating t my cnversatin partners, and cmmunicating clearly in the mment. Once when I was giving a presentatin abut my science, an audience member surprised me with a questin that didn’t grw ut f the infrmatin I’d presented. Instead f getting cnfused and nervus, I tk the “yes, and” apprach—accepting the questin and letting my mind fcus n why it was asked. That helped me find an apprpriate answer. I gt pretty excited abut it.
The benefits f imprvisatin g beynd cmmunicatin. Befre attending the class, I wuld get stuck when my experiments prduced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake. But nw, instead f getting discuraged, I will stay pen t the pssibility that the results are real, keep explring the data and end up identifying a new type f cell—ne that isn’t behaving as expected.
I think all scientists can benefit frm this lessn. If the data say rhins are librarians, then it’s wrth finding ut whether rhins are, in fact, librarians. As scientists, ur jb isn’t t challenge data that supprt, a precnceived stry, but t say “yes, and.”
24. Why did the authr attend the imprvisatin class?
A. T get a different experience.
B. T finish her Ph.D. at university.
C. T give up her jb as a science cmmunicatr.
D. T imprve her speaking and cmmunicating ability.
25. What was the authr’s change after attending the imprvisatin class?
A. She frmed her wn idea quickly.
B. She came up with lts f creative respnses.
C. She paid mre attentin t the lgic f answers.
D. She became a gd listener befre giving an pinin.
26. The authr mentins applying the “yes, and” apprach t her scientific experiments t ________.
A. explain the prcess f using the methd
B. prve the benefits f the imprvisatin class
C. share her wn research experiences with readers
D. attract fellw scientists t attend the imprvisatin class
27. What can be inferred abut scientists frm the last paragraph?
A. They shuld attend the imprvisatin class.
B. They shuld questin all precnceived ideas.
C. They shuld carry n research by admitting earlier data.
D. They shuld try t imprve their academic knwledge.
【答案】24. D 25. D 26. B 27. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者通过上即兴交流课，学会了“yes, and”方法，让自己更善于倾听，并给自己的科学研究带来了好处。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“As a quiet and shy girl, I feared imprvising in frnt f strangers. Hwever, I knew I wanted t wrk as a science cmmunicatr after finishing my Ph.D., s it seemed like a perfect chance t learn hw t speak and cmmunicate with thers effectively. I signed up, knwing the experience wuld give me help.”（作为一个安静害羞的女孩，我害怕在陌生人面前即兴交流。然而，我知道我想在完成博士学位后成为一名科学交流者，因此，这似乎是一个学习如何有效地与他人交谈和沟通的绝佳机会。我报名了，因为我知道这段经历会给我帮助）可知，因为作者打算的完成博士学位后成为一名科学交流者，需要提高与他人交谈和沟通的能力，但她一个安静害羞的女孩，她参加即兴交流课是想要提高自己的交谈和沟通的能力，由此可知，作者参加即兴交流课是为了提高她的交谈和沟通能力。故选D项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned int mnths, I became mre cmfrtable and even started t enjy ur classes. I became better at listening, relating t my cnversatin partners, and cmmunicating clearly in the mment.”（最初的几个场景很难，但随着上了几个月课后，我变得更舒服了，甚至开始享受我们的课程。我变得更善于倾听，更善于与我的谈话伙伴交流，也更善于在这一刻清晰地沟通）可知，在上了几周课后，作者变得更善于倾听，更善于与谈话伙伴交流，也更善于清晰地沟通，由此可知，作者参加即兴交流课后的变化是：在发表意见之前，她成了一个很好的倾听者。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Befre attending the class, I wuld get stuck when my experiments prduced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake. But nw, instead f getting discuraged, I will stay pen t the pssibility that the results are real, keep explring the data and end up identifying a new type f cell—ne that isn’t behaving as expected.”（在上课之前，当我的实验产生意想不到的数据时，我会被卡住，觉得自己犯了一个错误。但是现在，我不会灰心，而是会对结果是真实的可能性保持开放态度，继续探索数据，最终发现一种新类型的细胞——一种不符合预期的细胞）和最后一段关键句“I think all scientists can benefit frm this lessn.”（我认为所有的科学家都能从这个课中受益）可知，运用了“yes, and”方法，让作者在进行科学实验的过程中受益，她会对意想不到的结果持开放态度，继续研究，最终有了意想不到的科学发现，她认为所有的科学家都能从这个课中受益，由此可知，作者提到在她的科学实验中运用“yes, and”的方法是为了证明即兴交流课的好处。故选B项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“If the data say rhins are librarians, then it’s wrth finding ut whether rhins are, in fact, librarians. As scientists, ur jb isn’t t challenge data that supprt, a precnceived stry, but t say “yes, and.””（如果数据显示犀牛是图书管理员，那么就有必要了解犀牛是否是图书管理员。作为科学家，我们的工作不是去挑战支持一个事先形成的描述的数据，而是说“yes, and”）可知，作者认为面对之前的科学数据，我们的工作并不是去挑战它，而是要接受它，并继续研究，探索真伪，由此可知，从最后一段可以推断出科学家应该通过接受早期数据进行研究。故选C项。
C
Small batteries are big prblems, but nbdy really pays attentin t where they end up. Researchers at the Cellulse & Wd Materials Labratry are wrking t address this prblem. Their new research paper describes a water-activated paper battery develped frm envirnmentally friendly materials that culd eventually present a sustainable alternative t the mre harmful batteries cmmn in lw-pwer devices.
The paper battery has the same key cmpnents as standard batteries but packages them differently. Like a typical chemical battery, it has a psitively charged side called a cathde, a negatively charged side called an ande, and a cnductive material called an electrlyte (电解质) between the tw. A traditinal battery’s cmpnents are enclsed in plastic and metal; in the new battery, the ande and cathde are inks printed nt the frnt and back f a piece f paper. That paper is filled with salt, which disslves (溶解) when the paper is dampened with water. The resulting saltwater slutin acts as the electrlyte.
Sustainable materials were a precnditin fr the researchers wh cnsidered nly safe and plentiful ingredients t create their device. “We were fairly cnfident that we wuld have smething that wuld wrk in the end, but develping these materials and ink systems is challenging,” says Gustav Nyström, senir authr f the study.
After trying hundreds f frmulatins fr the battery cmpnents, the researchers settled n a graphite ink t make the cathde, a zinc ink fr the ande, and salt-filled paper t create the electrlyte.
When the paper is dry, the battery is shelf-stable. Add just a cuple f drps f water, hwever, and the salt disslves, allwing electrns t flw. Once the paper is dampened, the battery activates within 20 secnds. The new battery’s perating perfrmance declines as the paper dries. When the scientists re-wet the paper during testing, the battery regained functinality and lasted an hur befre beginning t dry ut again.
Althugh the researchers demnstrated that their battery culd pwer an alarm clck, the paper batteries are unlikely t replace standard nes n stre shelves. Nyström envisins a future where these paper batteries culd make their way int prducts within the next tw t five years. “The perfrmance that yu see n this device, I think, is enugh fr a lt f ther applicatins already,” he says. It is mstly a matter f increasing prductin and integrating the batteries int systems such as diagnstic tests and envirnmental sensrs.”
28. Hw is the paper battery similar t the standard battery?
A. The key cmpnents are envirnmentally friendly.
B. They are bth packaged in plastic and metal.
C. They bth have tw charged sides and an electrlyte.
D. Bth batteries can perate fr nly an hur.
29. ________ is the cnditin fr the paper battery t wrk.
A. Heating the saltB. Charging the electrns
C. Drying ut the batteryD. Wetting the paper
30. Nyström will mst likely agree with the predictin that ________.
A. majr technlgical breakthrugh will be made in the near future
B. all hme appliances will be pwered by paper batteries
C. the future fr a wide applicatin f paper batteries is nt far ff
D. paper batteries will have lnger shelf life than traditinal nes
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种科研新成果：由环保材料开发的水活化纸电池，这种电池最终可能成为低功耗设备中常见的更有害电池的可持续替代品。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The paper battery has the same key cmpnents as standard batteries but packages them differently. Like a typical chemical battery, it has a psitively charged side called a cathde, a negatively charged side called an ande, and a cnductive material called an electrlyte (电解质) between the tw.(纸电池的关键部件与标准电池相同，但包装方式不同。就像一个典型的化学电池一样，它有一个带正电的一面叫做阴极，一个带负电的一面叫做阳极，在两者之间有一种叫做电解质的导电材料)”可知，新型电池和传统电池一样，都有正负电极和电解质。故选C项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“in the new battery, the ande and cathde are inks printed nt the frnt and back f a piece f paper. That paper is filled with salt, which disslves (溶解) when the paper is dampened with water. The resulting saltwater slutin acts as the electrlyte. (在这种新型电池中，阳极和阴极是印在一张纸的正面和背面的墨水。那张纸里装满了盐，当纸被水浸湿时，盐就会溶解。得到的盐水溶液充当电解质)”可知，新型纸电池是纸被浸湿才会发挥作用。故选D项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nyström envisins a future where these paper batteries culd make their way int prducts within the next tw t five years.( Nyström设想未来，这些纸电池可以在未来两到五年内进入产品，投入使用)”可推测，Nyström认同这个预测——这种电池的广泛应用不会太久远。故选C项。
D
A vide circulated n scial media earlier this year, shwing a turist pening the dr f a vehicle, reaching ut an arm and attempting t strke a passing lin. The lin shrugged the turist ff, but it culd have easily gne hrribly wrng.
Reckless behaviur arund wildlife risks the safety f bth peple and animals. Peple risk being attacked, mauled (撕咬) and pssibly killed, while animals can be harmed, remved r even put dwn, regardless f whether they were nly defending themselves. Animal attacks can als cast a destinatin in a negative light, causing temprary clsures r scaring ff visitrs. All just s smene culd bast that they had strked a lin r captured a mment n a camera phne.
“Turists are getting mre and mre reckless arund wildlife and the surce f the prblem is scial media.” says wildlife phtgrapher Anette Msshachers. “Peple risking their lives r ding stupid things with wildlife are after ‘likes’ and fllwers, smething t shw ff n scial media,” says Mssbacher. “The greater the risk, the mre ‘likes’ they get. With sme clients, it seems like a sickness r addictin.”
Yet scial media is nt entirely t blame. Peple have always taken risks fr an experience. Flish behavir and a tendency t get ccky arund dangerus animals must have been arund since the dawn f humanity. A hunger fr attentin nline might drive sme f the current madness, but sme individuals might be trying t recreate a piece f the actin they have seen n televisin. Perhaps the adrenaline (肾上腺激素) rush when clse t wild animals causes a disappearance f cmmn sense.
“There’s a wrrying lack f awareness that animals several times ur size, weight, speed and strength can easily hurt us,” says wildlife phtgrapher David Llyd. “I dn’t think parks are ding enugh t raise awareness. Turists need t knw hw their presence can affect wildlife. A gd example is cheetahs (猎豹) n vehicle rftps. It may be a thrill fr the bystanders, but the cnsequences if a mther cheetah falls ff wuld be severe. She wuld n lnger be able t hunt, s her cubs culd easily starve.”
“Peple aren’t getting the educatin abut why they need t stay away frm wildlife, including aviding diseases, keeping peple secure and letting wildlife be wild,” says Philip Muruthi, vice president f species cnservatin and science fr the African Wildlife Fundatin. “We need t educate turists thrugh signs, pamphlets and frntline drivers. We shuld stick t guidelines, and there needs t be enfrcement thrugh the law.”
31. What can we learn abut reckless behaviur arund wildlife?
A. It may get animals killed fr defending themselves.
B. It may bring mre prfits t a turist destinatin.
C. It enables turists t get intimate with animals.
D. It harms turists mre than animals.
32. As fr Mssbacher’s pinin n what drives peple’s reckless behavir, the authr is______.
A. sympatheticB. disapprvingC. indifferentD. dubtful
33. What des the underlined wrd “ccky” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. ver-sensitive.B. ver-cnfidentC. ver-frightened.D. ver-shcked.
34. What can we cnclude frm the passage?
A. Punishment rather than educatin can stp peple taking silly risks arund wildlife.
B. Parks are expected t take mre respnsibilities fr educating turists.
C. Mre regulatin f the turist industry is the key t raising turists’ awareness.
D. Raising turists’ awareness means stressing the danger f animals t them.
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. B 34. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了游客面对野生动物时变得越来越鲁莽这一现象的原因并提出解决这一问题的建议。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Peple risk being attacked, mauled (撕咬) and pssibly killed, while animals can be harmed, remved r even put dwn, regardless f whether they were nly defending themselves. (人可能会被攻击、咬伤，甚至可能被杀死，而动物可能会被伤害、移走或杀死，不管它们是否只是在自卫)”可知，人类鲁莽的的行为可能会导致会让动物因为自卫而被杀死。故选A项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中Mssbacher的话“Turists are getting mre and mre reckless arund wildlife and the surce f the prblem is scial media. (游客在野生动物周围变得越来越鲁莽，问题的根源是社交媒体)”可知，Mssbacher认为社交媒体是游客面对野生动物时越来越鲁莽的根本原因，根据第四段中“Yet scial media is nt entirely t blame. Peple have always taken risks fr an experience. (然而，社交媒体并不完全是罪魁祸首。人们总是为了体验而冒险)”可知，作者认为Mssbacher的表述并不完全准确，作者认为游客的鲁莽行为也可许是从于人类的本性。所以他对Mssbacher的观点持怀疑态度。故选D项。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Peple have always taken risks fr an experience. Flish behavir and a tendency t get ccky arund dangerus animals must have been arund since the dawn f humanity. (人们总是为了体验而冒险。自人类诞生以来，在危险动物面前愚蠢的行为和ccky倾向一定一直存在)”可知，冒险是人类的本性，结合并列词组“Flish behavir”可推知，“ccky”也是一种鲁莽的、不理性的表现，意为“傲慢的，鲁莽的，过于自信的”。A. ver-sensitive过于敏感的；B. ver-cnfident过于自信的；C. ver-frightened过于害怕的；D. ver-shcked过度震惊的。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“I dn’t think parks are ding enugh t raise awareness. Turists need t knw hw their presence can affect wildlife. (我认为公园在提高公众意识方面做得还不够。游客需要知道他们的存在会如何影响野生动物)”和第六段中““Peple aren’t getting the educatin abut why they need t stay away frm wildlife, including aviding diseases, keeping peple secure and letting wildlife be wild,” says Philip Muruthi, vice president f species cnservatin and science fr the African Wildlife Fundatin. (非洲野生动物基金会负责物种保护和科学的副主席菲利普·穆鲁蒂说：“人们没有接受教育，不知道为什么他们需要远离野生动物，包括避免疾病，保证人们的安全，让野生动物自由自在。”)”可推知，公园在提高公众意识方面做得还不够，应该在教育游客方面承担更多的责任。故选B项。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw t Activate Brain Cells
Scientists used t think that yur brain stpped grwing new cells nce yu reached adulthd. Happily, current research shws that it isn’t true! As yu get lder, yu can cntinue t grw new brain cells.
Get regular aerbic(有氧的) exercise.
Research shws that regular aerbic exercise ver a lng perid f time can better imprve brain cells’ grwth than ther frms f exercise. Add aerbic activities such as swimming, pwer walking, and jgging, t yur regular rutine. ____35____
D stress-relieving activities.
Activities that reduce stress and give yu a sense f well-being can encurage the grwth f new brain cells. ____36____ Yu can d sme yga, read yur favrite bks, r listen t relaxing music.
____37____
Antixidant-rich(富含抗氧化物的) fds can prevent damage t yur current brain cells and prmte the grwth f new, healthy cells. Omega-3 fatty acids may als help imprve yur brain’s health. Add plenty f brain-bsting fds t yur diet, such as vegetable il, nuts, green tea, blueberries and fatty fish.
Maintain an active scial life.
____38____ It’s als gd fr yur brain. Scializing helps keep yur brain cells active, preventing sme f the lss f brain functin. If yu can’t scialize in persn, reach yur friends ver the phne r n scial media.
Get plenty f gd-quality sleep.
If yu’re an adult, try t get 7-9 hurs f sleep each night. If yu’re a teen, aim fr 8-10 hurs. Yur brain heals itself f the day’s stresses while yu sleep. ____39____ Yu can imprve yur sleep by ging t bed and waking up at the same time every day.
A. Spending time with friends isn’t just enjyable.
B. Eat fds rich in substances that d gd t brain cells.
C. Any kind f head injury may put yu at risk f brain damage.
D. Try t d things that bring yu pleasure and help yu relax every day.
E. Fr example, yu might aim fr 30 minutes f jgging a day, 5 days a week.
F. Frtunately, there are treatments that can help yu restre yur brain’s health.
G. It als prcesses infrmatin yu picked up during the day, helping yu t learn and preserve new memries.
【答案】35. E 36. D 37. B 38. A 39. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，随着年龄的增长，大脑可以继续生长新的脑细胞。文中给出了一些促进脑细胞生长的建议。
【35题详解】
空前“Add aerbic activities such as swimming, pwer walking, and jgging, t yur regular rutine. (在你的日常生活中加入一些有氧运动，比如游泳、健步走和慢跑。)”提到增加一些有氧运动，如游泳、快走和慢跑。E项“Fr example, yu might aim fr 30 minutes f jgging a day, 5 days a week. (例如，你可以每天慢跑30分钟，每周5天。)”是对空前提到的建议的举例说明，前后联系密切。故选E。
【36题详解】
空前“Activities that reduce stress and give yu a sense f well-being can encurage the grwth f new brain cells. (减轻压力和给你一种幸福感的活动可以促进新脑细胞的生长。)”建议做能够减轻压力、带来幸福感的活动。D项“Try t d things that bring yu pleasure and help yu relax every day. (试着每天做一些能给你带来快乐和帮助你放松的事情。)”承接上文。D项中的“bring yu pleasure”和空前的“give yu a sense f well-being”对应，“help yu relax”和空前的“reduce stress”对应。故选D。
【37题详解】
本空是本段小标题。本段“Antixidant-rich(富含抗氧化物的) fds can prevent damage t yur current brain cells and prmte the grwth f new, healthy cells. Omega-3 fatty acids may als help imprve yur brain’s health. Add plenty f brain-bsting fds t yur diet, such as vegetable il, nuts, green tea, blueberries and fatty fish. (富含抗氧化剂的食物可以防止对当前脑细胞的损害，并促进新的健康细胞的生长。Omega-3脂肪酸也有助于改善大脑健康。在你的饮食中加入大量的健脑食物，比如植物油、坚果、绿茶、蓝莓和富含脂肪的鱼。)”提到一些促进大脑发育的食物。B项“Eat fds rich in substances that d gd t brain cells. (吃富含对脑细胞有益的物质的食物)”能够总结概括该段内容。故选B。
【38题详解】
根据本段小标题“Maintain an active scial life. (保持积极的社交生活。)”以及空后句“It’s als gd fr yur brain. (这对你的大脑也有好处。)”可知，本段建议保持积极的社交生活，由空后的als可推断出空处说的应该也是社交生活的好处。故A项“Spending time with friends isn’t just enjyable. (和朋友在一起不仅仅是享受。)”符合语境。故选A。
【39题详解】
空前“Yur brain heals itself f the day’s stresses while yu sleep. (在你睡觉的时候，你的大脑会自愈白天的压力。)”是睡眠对大脑的好处之一。G项“It als prcesses infrmatin yu picked up during the day, helping yu t learn and preserve new memries. (它还会处理你白天获得的信息，帮助你学习和保存新的记忆。)”与之并列，进一步说明了睡眠对大脑的好处。且G项中的“It”指的就是“睡眠”。故选G。
第三部分：书面表达 （共两节，32 分）
第一节 （共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共 12 分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The capacity fr empathy — t first identify and then understand and share in smene else’s feelings — is largely held as a virtue. Yet there is a knwledge prblem that makes being naturally empathetic a struggle. Why? As pet Jhn Keats put it, “Nthing ever becmes real until it is experienced.”
S hw can smene else’s perspective (视角) and emtins ever becme real enugh fr us t develp empathy? Reading fictin may prvide an answer.
Studies shw that when yu read fictin, it nt nly activates the language prcessing center f the brain but als increases glbal flw in the brain. It speeds up the part invlved in physical mvement and areas f the brain linked t sensry experiences. In ther wrds, reading fictin lights up the brain in ways that cpy the neural (神经) activities f the experience yu’re reading abut. Fr example, if yu read a well-written passage abut a character hiking thrugh the wilderness, yur brain reacts as if yu’re n that hike.
T really cultivate empathy, yu need t be internally mre aware f and cnnected t thse arund yu. And again, reading fictin is assciated with just such a skill. One study, which assesses ne’s ability t determine smene else’s emtins based n their facial expressin alne, shwed that fictin readers scred higher than nn-readers and readers f nnfictin. The researchers assumed that reading fictin allws peple t practice taking n smene else’s perspective and thus imprves their scial awareness. This suggests that reading fictin imprves ne’s thery f mind and emtinal intelligence.
The takeaway lessn is simple: If yu want t build empathy, try reading mre fictin, mre ften — especially fictin by and abut peple whse experiences are different frm yur wn.
40. What des the authr think can help develp empathy?
___________________________________________________________________________________
41. Hw des reading fictin light up ur mind?
___________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why?
▷Nn-readers and readers f nnfictin can better determine smene else’s emtins based n their facial expressin alne.
___________________________________________________________________________________
43. In additin t the benefits mentined abve, what d yu think are sme ther benefits f reading fictin? (In abut 40 wrds)
___________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Reading fictin.
41 By cpying the neural (神经) activities f the experience we’re reading abut.
42. Nn-readers and readers f nnfictin can better determine smene else’s emtins based n their facial expressin alne.
·Fictin readers can better determine smene else’s emtins based n their facial expressin alne.
43. 言之有理即可，如Reading fictin helps us develp ur brains. The human brain can wrk well when we just d regular things, like driving r walking. Hwever, it perfrms mre effectively when an element f surprise is added, because this helps build cnnectins in the brain.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述阅读小说有助于培养同理心。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“S hw can smene else's perspective (视角) and emtins ever becme real enugh fr us t develp empathy? Reading fictin may prvide an answer.(那么，别人观点和情绪如何才能变得真实到足以让我们产生同理心呢？阅读小说可能会提供一个答案)”可知， 作者认为阅读小说有助于培养同理心。故答案为Reading fictin.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“In ther wrds, reading fictin lights up the brain in ways that cpy the neural (神经) activities f the experience yu're reading abut.(换句话说，阅读小说会激活大脑，其方式是复制你所阅读的经历的神经活动)”可知，阅读小说通过复制你所阅读的经历的神经活动来激活大脑。故答案为By cpying the neural (神经) activities f the experience we’re reading abut.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中“One study, which assesses ne’s ability t determine smene else’s emtins based n their facial expressin alne, shwed that fictin readers scred higher than nn-readers and readers f nnfictin.(一项研究评估了一个人仅根据面部表情判断他人情绪的能力，结果显示，读小说的人得分高于不读小说的人和读非小说的人)”可知，比起不读小说的人和读非小说的人，读小说的人凭面部表情能更好地判断他人的情绪，故本句应在“Nn-readers and readers f nnfictin”下划线，因为Fictin readers can better determine smene else’s emtins based n their facial expressin alne(读小说的人仅凭面部表情能更好地判断别人的情绪)。故答案为Nn-readers and readers f nnfictin can better determine smene else’s emtins based n their facial expressin alne.·Fictin readers can better determine smene else’s emtins based n their facial expressin alne.
【43题详解】
考查开放题型。本题是开放题型，要求写出阅读小说还有哪些好处，言之有理即可，注意字数。如Reading fictin helps us develp ur brains. The human brain can wrk well when we just d regular things, like driving r walking. Hwever, it perfrms mre effectively when an element f surprise is added, because this helps build cnnectins in the brain.
第二节 （20 分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，下一届青运会（The Yuth Games ）将在你们城市举行，现在正在招募志愿者，你想成为其中一员，请你用英文给组委会写一封电子邮件，内容应包括：
1. 自我介绍；
2. 申请理由；
3. 自身优势.
注意:1.100 词左右；
2.开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】参考范文1：
Dear Sir/Madam,
My name is Li Hua. I’m writing t apply t wrk as a vlunteer fr the Yuth Games.
I am a girl f 17, a senir tw student nw. I have a strng desire t be a vlunteer because I hpe t imprve myself and gain sme scial experience by ding this jb. There is n dubt that I’ll ffer the best service t the peple at the Games.
I’m sure that I can d the wrk well. Firstly, I’m gd at cmmunicating with thers. Secndly, I’m always ready t help thse in need. Besides, knwing the city well will be helpful fr the vlunteer wrk.
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd accept me. I’m lking frward t yur early reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
参考范文2：
Dear Sir/Madam,
My name is Li Hua, a 17-year-ld female student in Grade 11 at Hngxing High Schl. I am writing t express my keen interest in vlunteering fr the upcming Yuth Games in ur city.
I believe that vlunteering fr such a significant event will enhance my persnal grwth and prvide valuable scial experience. With excellent cmmunicatin skills, a helpful nature, and in-depth knwledge f ur lcal area, I am cnfident that I will be a valuable additin t yur team.
I am eager t cntribute t the success f the Games and hpe t be granted the pprtunity t serve as a vlunteer. Thank yu fr cnsidering my applicatin.
Lking frward t yur favrable reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
参考范文3：
Dear Sir/Madam,
My name is Li Hua, a seventeen-year-ld female student currently in Grade Tw at Hngxing High Schl. I am writing t express my keen interest in becming a vlunteer fr the upcming Yuth Games in ur city.
I am eager t apply as a vlunteer fr several reasns. Firstly, I believe that vlunteering fr such a significant event wuld be an excellent pprtunity fr me t develp myself and gain valuable scial experience. It is a chance t cntribute t the success f the Games while als learning new skills and meeting peple frm diverse backgrunds.
Mrever, I pssess several qualificatins that make me a suitable candidate fr this rle. I excel in cmmunicatin, which is crucial fr interacting effectively with participants, visitrs, and fellw vlunteers. I am als a naturally helpful individual, always ready t lend a hand where needed. Additinally, being familiar with the lcal area, I can prvide useful infrmatin and assistance t thse unfamiliar with ur city.
I am cnfident that my enthusiasm, dedicatin, and skills will cntribute significantly t the smth peratin f the Yuth Games. I wuld be hnred t be a part f this exciting event and help create a memrable experience fr all invlved.
Thank yu fr cnsidering my applicatin. I lk frward t the pprtunity t serve as a vlunteer and cntribute t the success f the Yuth Games.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对于下一届青运会（The Yuth Games ）将在你们城市举行，现在正在招募志愿者，你想成为其中一员这一情况，用英文给组委会写一封电子邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
提高，增强：enhance→ imprve
提供：prvide→ ffer
渴望做某事：be eager t d→ lng t d sth
机会：pprtunity→ chance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：My name is Li Hua, a 17-year-ld female student in Grade 11 at Hngxing High Schl.
拓展句：My name is Li Hua, wh is a 17-year-ld female student in Grade 11 at Hngxing High Schl.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I believe that vlunteering fr such a significant event will enhance my persnal grwth and prvide valuable scial experience.（运用了从属连词that引导的宾语从句。）
【高分句型2】With excellent cmmunicatin skills, a helpful nature, and in-depth knwledge f ur lcal area, I am cnfident that I will be a valuable additin t yur team.（运用了with的介词短语作状语以及从属连词that引导的宾语从句。）