北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末考试英语试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末考试英语试卷（Word版附解析），共34页。试卷主要包含了 5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When Gertrude Grew Great
Gertrude was just an average kid with an average life. At hme she helped ut just enugh t slide by. At schl, she did just enugh hmewrk t stay ut f ___1___. She had straight C's in all f her classes.
One day Gertrude’s teacher stpped her after class. “Gertrude,” he said, “I’ve seen the wrk yu d in class, and sme f it is ___2___.” Gertrude knew there were mments when she did try a little harder than what everyne ___3___, like when she tk extra time with her hmewrk t make it lk fancy. But she didn’t really believe that she culd change. She had dne just enugh t ___4___ fr s lng. In fact, she was scared by the thught f having the pwer t becme whatever she wanted.
That night, Gertrude had a dream. It was ten years int the future. She culd nt find an average jb, because even the average jbs were___5___ by abve-average wrkers. Gertrude wanted her wn place, her wn life. A vice spke in the dream:“The present is nthing mre than the___6___ f the chices made in the past.
“The future will nly be the results f the chices we make tday.” Gertrude began crying, because she knew she had helped ___7___ the wrld where she lived, and the chices she made had prduced the ptins she had.
The next day, she tried harder in schl, and she felt ___8___ than usual. She helped mre arund the huse, and she felt better than typical. Sn the pattern f Success ___9___ that f being nrmal and Gertrude even became great at failing by learning frm her mistakes. Ten years later, Gertrude lived in an average sized huse and she was just the average adult. But her ___10___ was abve average, because her life was hers.
1. A. rderB. trubleC. sightD. debt
2. A. challengingB. amusingC. amazingD. encuraging
3. A. learnedB. insistedC. expectedD. cmplained
4. A. get byB. give inC. shw upD. stand ut
5. A. filledB. fferedC. refusedD. valued
6. A. chanceB. riskC. rewardD. utcme
7. A. leadB. shapeC. betterD. prtect
8. A. smarterB. sadderC. calmerD. freer
9. A. fllwedB. cveredC. prducedD. replaced
10. A. independenceB. happinessC. cnfidenceD. gratitude
第二节(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Jules Verne (1828-1905) is regarded as ne f the fathers f science fictin. He ___11___ (pen) 54 nvels as part f his “Extrardinary Vyages” series. Many f his stries feature a brilliant but mad scientist ___12___ inventins ultimately bring mre harm than gd. Captain Nem uses his submarine t vilently attack ships, while Dr. Sarrasin's utpian city ___13___ (becme) the target f a takever plt. Fr Verne, human nature was the factr that determined ___14___ technlgy wuld be a frce fr gd r a surce f destructin.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Internatinal Museum Day represents a unique mment fr the internatinal museum cmmunity. ___15___ (rganise) each year n 18 May, the celebratins can last a day, a weekend r a whle week. On this day, ___16___(participate) museums plan creative events and highlight the imprtance f the rle f museums as institutins. Nw, participatin in Internatinal Museum Day ___17___ (grw) amng museums all ver the wrld.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The summers f my childhd were ___18___ (stick) ht. At night, we ran windw fans and hped fr cler air. But thse summer nights seem pleasant cmpared with the extrardinary heat waves nwadays. Till this summer, thusands f new recrds ___19___ (set) nt just fr daily high temperatures, but als fr warmest vernight lws. Ht nights are dangerus ___20___ they rb peple f the chance t cl dwn befre the next burning day.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Student Vlunteer Internships 2023-2024
A limited number f unpaid internships (实习) are available in Washingtn, D. C. within the U. S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency's (EPA) Office f Water. Yu must be a full-time undergraduate r graduate student. A diversity f candidates within varius fields f study are encuraged t apply, including degree candidates in the fllwing subjects:
·Hydrlgy, aquatic bilgy, marine science, envirnmental engineering, gelgy, meterlgy, sil science, etc
·Public health, txiclgy, sanitatin, envirnmental justice, etc
·Public administratin, finance, management, cmmunicatins, etc.
Candidates shuld have a demnstrated interest r career gals in a water-health r public-health related field, including sustainability and resilience. Demanded qualities include strng analytical, written and ral skills, the ability t wrk independently and n a team, and a strng desire t take initiative.
The vlunteer intern will wrk fr a minimum f 12 weeks n a full-time (40 hurs per week) r part-time (20 hurs per week) schedule. Participants will nt be paid but are qualified t apply fr a travelling expense. Participants d nt becme EPA emplyees during their stay.
Applicatins will be accepted n a rlling basis;hwever, mst prjects will arise fr internship pprtunities during the Summer Semester. Please submit yur applicatin at least 2 mnths befre each semester begins. We recgnize that timeframes may vary due t class schedules and we will wrk with individual candidates t specify exact timing and duratin as necessary. The general timeframes by semester are as fllws:
Summer Semester (late May thrugh late August)
Fall Semester (September thrugh December)
Spring Semester (January thrugh April)
T apply, email a resume, cver letter, and a shrt writing sample (maximum 5 pages) t: braschayk. kelley@ epa. gv.
21. Accrding t the passage, applicants are required t
A. be full-time graduate students
B. speak freign language fluently
C. have the ability t wrk with teams
D. majr in a public-health related field
22. What will EPA prvide fr the vlunteer interns?
A. Financial supprt fr transprt.
B. Persnalized wrk schedules.
C. A letter f recmmendatin.
D. Emplyment pprtunities
23. What shuld candidates d t apply fr the internship?
A. Email yur intern timeframes.
B. Prvide the degree certificate.
C. Wrk in a team fr 12 weeks
D. Offer a shrt writing sample.
B
At an airprt I verheard an ld man and his daughter in their last mments tgether. They had annunced her plane’s departure and standing near the dr, he said t his daughter, “I lve yu, I wish yu enugh.”
She said, “Daddy, ur life tgether has been mre than enugh. Yur lve is all I ever needed. I wish yu enugh, t, Daddy. ” They kissed gd-bye and she left.
He walked ver tward the windw where I was seated. Standing there I culd see he wanted and needed t cry. I tried nt t intrude n his privacy, but he welcmed me in by asking, “Did yu ever say gd-bye t smene knwing it wuld be frever?” “Yes, I have,” I replied.
Saying that brught back memries I had f expressing my lve and appreciatin fr all my Dad had dne fr me. Recgnizing that his days were limited, I tk the time t tell him face t face hw much he meant t me. S I knew what this man was experiencing.
“Frgive me fr asking, but why is this a frever gd-bye?” I asked.
“I am ld and she lives much t far away. I have challenges ahead and the reality is, her next trip back will be fr my funeral,” he said.
“When yu were saying gd-bye I heard yu say, ‘I wish yu enugh. ‘May I ask what that means?”
He began t smile. “That’s a wish that has been handed dwn frm ther generatins. My parents used t say it t everyne. ”He paused fr a mment and lking up as if trying t remember it in detail, he smiled even mre.
“When we said ‘I wish yu enugh’ we were wanting the ther persn t have a life filled with enugh gd things t sustain them, ”he cntinued and then turning tward me, he shared the fllwing as if he were reciting it frm memry.
“I wish yu enugh sun t keep yur attitude bright. I wish yu enugh rain t appreciate the sun mre. I wish yu enugh happiness t keep yur spirit alive. I wish yu enugh pain s that the smallest jys in life appear much bigger. I wish yu enugh gain t satisfy yur wanting. I wish yu enugh lss t appreciate all that yu pssess. I wish enugh ‘Hells’ t get yu thrugh the final ‘Gd-bye’. ”
24. The ld man want t cry because _______
A. he was guilty fr nt lving his daughter enugh
B. his daughter didn’t care abut him as expected
C. he had a slim chance t see his daughter again
D. his daughter’s parting wrds made him sad
25. The authr mentined his Dad t shw________
A. his appreciatin fr his father’s devtin
B. his srrw fr his father leaving the wrld
C his understanding f the ld man’s feeling
D. his cncern fr the ld man’s mental state
26. What message des the ld man’s wish cnvey?
A. Every mment is a blessing.
B. Great hpes make great men.
C. Happiness lies in cntentment.
D. T get time is t get everything.
27. Accrding t the passage, which can best describe the ld man?
A. Helpful and gentle.B. Wise and lving.
C. Mdest and thughtful.D. Kind and generus.
C
The vilence f shaking frm an earthquake is usually fcused in the directin the quake is traveling. But a bmerang quake may spread the intense shaking acrss a wider zne. The new study, published tday in the jurnal Nature Gescience, is a majr step tward clearing up the cmplex physics behind bmerang quakes and understanding their ptential damage.
The latest bmerang was recrded near the mid-cean ridge in the Atlantic in 2016. By examining the psitin f the epicenter (震中) and the energy released by each shaking phase, Stephen Hicks, an earthquake seismlgist at the Imperial Cllege Lndn and first authr f the new study, identified what seemed t be tw steps f the quake:The quake initially headed eastward, but then turned back west. “This was weird, ”he says. This secnd leg f the quake mved remarkably quickly, at s-called supershear speeds. The quake unzipped the surface at an estimated 11, 000 miles per hur—fast enugh t dart frm New Yrk t Lndn in 18. 5 minutes, s fast that it caused the gelgic versin f a snic bm.
Hw ften des this happen?A bmerang quake at supershear speeds, as Hicks and his team bserved in the Atlantic, may be a fairly rare type. But wider evidence f bmerang quakes is munting. These back-tracking events have been studied in cmputer mdels as well as simulated in lab experiments. “The thery says that it’s there, but it’s quite difficult t see that [in the real wrld], ”says Hicks. The 2016 earthquake in Kumamt als seems t have ruptured (破裂) in a similar prcess. Fr that event, the initial shake triggered tw ther quakes, ne f which raced backward t partially verlap the initial break.
Understanding when and why these bmerang events happen is vital t grappling with risks earthquakes present. “Studies like this help us understand hw past earthquakes ruptured, hw future earthquakes may rupture, and hw that relates t the ptential impact fr faults (断层) near ppulated areas, ”says Hicks.
These bmerangs maybe bscured by cnventinal appraches used t analyze quakes, which are based n an assumptin that a quake rushes in ne directin. “Naturally we’re nt lking fr it, we dn’t expect it t exist,” Hicks says. Yet fr earthquakes, it seems, cmplexities might be the nrm rather than the exceptin. As Hicks puts it: “The mre and mre we lk at earthquakes in mre detail, f curse we see stranger things.”
28. A bmerang earthquake differs frm ther quakes because ________.
A. it mves at a super-fast speed
B. it triggers several small quakes
C. it releases immeasurable energy
D. it shakes in tw ppsite directins
29. Frm the passage, we can learn that _________.
A. the cming f the next bmerang can be predicted
B. bmerangs are t cmplex t be fully understd
C. bmerang events are cmmnplace in the real wrld
D. cmmn methds are reliable in analyzing bmerangs
30. What des the underlined phrase “grappling with” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. putting ffB. cping with
C. bringing abutD. fighting against
D
All ver the wrld, frmal educatin supplies the ecnmy with wrkers wh will increase prductivity t fuel the ecnmic machine. But this machine nw threatens ur very survival. If the entire wrld reaches the levels f cnsumptin seen in high-incme cuntries tday, we’ll need multiple planet Earths t supply the resurces. The absurd (荒谬的) idea f infinite grwth within a finite territry is at the heart f ur ecnmic system.
T keep this machine running, frmal educatin generates ever mre efficient “human capital”. Increasing prductivity metrics (指标) rather than the individuality f students drives ur civilizatin’s apprach t schling ur yung peple. Whereas the Sustainable Develpment Gals call fr turning educatin int a frce fr sustainability, the ppsite is ften true: The ways Western scieties have cme t think abut educatin undermine ur ability t deal with the envirnmental crisis. T get thrugh this crisis, we need t cultivate ur imaginatin, nt undermine it.
Grwing up, nne f my schling fstered my ability t imagine a wrld different frm what I saw arund me. Besides, I realize the suppressin (抑制) f children’s imaginatin desn’t take place nly in underresurced cmmunities, but in “elite” institutins that tut “critical thinking”. Schls want t see their graduates succeed, and success is t ften abut maintaining current structures— nt abut reimagining their fundatins.
Essentially, ur educatin systems shape children in the image f artificial intelligence. The perfect “wrker”, AI, cntinually imprves its wn prductivity but desn’t challenge the larger structures within which it perates. It is ne f the great paradxes f ur time that we invest s much int building supercmputers while marginalizing the imaginative ptential f millins f human brains. What’s mre, we even put ur hpe in slving the envirnmental crisis n AI. But AI, like ur ther technlgies, can nly treat the symptms f the envirnmental crisis, nt the causes
Thrughut histry, achievers f great change have relied n their imaginatins t address fundamental flaws in sciety. In my cuntry f birth, cmmunists kept their dreams f demcracy alive fr decades by imagining different futures. In Suth Africa, Nelsn Mandela’s fllwers had t be radical (激进的) in their imaginatin t create a visin f a fairer sciety. Imagining demcracy when living under a ttalitarian regime (极权主义政权) isn’t that different frm imagining degrwth when living in a wrld f infinite grwth.
The kind f intelligence that Nelsn Mandela and such pssessed was nt artificial. The ability t reimagine the future and disrupt the current situatin remains a distinctly human quality. Unlike AI, children are naturally imaginative and questin the premises f sciety. In my research, I have bserved that yunger children are ften the mst radical in imagining different futures.
As lng as ur imaginatin is curtailed, ideas like degrwth sund utpian (乌托邦的) t many, Cultivating imaginatin means learning frm histry’s disrupters wh made the impssible pssible. Instead f dismissing “childish” ideas abut the wrld’s future, it means seeing inspiratin in children’s imaginatins. In an educatin system that celebrates imaginatin, arts and creativity are as imprtant as math and science. Idealism cexists with pragmatism. The envirnmental crisis is nt a crisis f technlgy r science, it is a crisis f imaginatin. If we let children be ur guides, we might be able t imagine ur way t survival.
31. The authr hpes educatin can play its rle in ________
A. develping human resurcesB. prmting sustainable develpment
C. increasing prductivityD. maximizing ecnmic grwth
32. Frm the passage, we can learn that _________
A. imaginatin isn’t well develped in schls
B. AI helps explit the ptential f human brains
C. graduates’ success changes the scial structures
D. AI can address the rt cause f ecnmic crisis
33. Nelsn Mandela is mentined as _________
A. a success in building a fair sciety
B a leader wh had a great influence
C. a pineer pssessing the quality f AI
D. an inspiratin t slve scial prblems
34. Accrding t the passage, the authr may agree that _________
A. children’s imaginatin ensures human’s survival
B. the envirnmental crisis results frm technlgy
C. imaginatin can help slve envirnmental crisis
D. the “childish” ideas will ruin the wrld’s future
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What Came First, the Chicken r the Egg?
Chickens are ne f the mst ecnmically imprtant animals in the wrld tday. ___35___, Recent advancements in archaelgical methdlgies have unveiled that numerus bne discveries, nce believed t be evidence f early chickens, actually belng t wild birds.
Nw, in a new publicatin, an internatinal team f archaelgists, histrians, and bimlecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence fr the raising f chickens fr egg prductin. Using eggshell fragments cllected frm 12 archaelgical sites cvering rughly 1500 years, the researchers shw that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia frm apprximately 400 BCE t 1000 CE and were likely spread alng the ancient Silk Rad. ___36___. It was this trait f prductive egg laying, the researchers argue, that made the dmestic chicken s attractive t ancient peples
___37___. They cllected tens f thusands f eggshell fragments frm sites lcated alng the main Central Asian crridr f the Silk Rad. They then used a methd f bimlecular analysis called ZMS t identify the surce f the eggs. The identificatin f these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers t an imprtant cnclusin. ___38___ . In the wild, this kind f bird nests nce per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). This is the earliest evidence fr the lss f seasnal egg laying yet identified in the archaelgical recrd. Meanwhile, it is an imprtant clue fr better understanding the mutualistic (共生的) relatinships between humans and animals that resulted in dmesticatin
Taken tgether, the new study suggests an answer t the age-ld riddle f the chicken and the egg. ___39___.
A. T reach these cnclusins, the team did a lt f wrk.
B. The abundance f eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying ut f seasn.
C. Yet, the stry f hw they riginated and spread thrughut the ancient wrld remains largely unclear.
D. Research shws chickens were bred thrughut suthern Central Asia, and were spread alng the ancient Silk Rad.
E. The birds must have been laying mre frequently than their wild ancestr, the red jungle fwl
F. They argue that the lss f seasnal egg laying was the main drive fr the spread f dmestic chickens acrss Eurasia and nrtheast Africa
G. As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability t lay a large number f eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we knw tday.
第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
What We Really Knw Abut ASMR
If yu spend time n YuTube r TikTk, yu may have cme acrss vides f smene whispering int a micrphne, carefully slicing stacks f slime, r slwly ripping strips f paper. These vides are designed t trigger an autnmus sensry meridian (经络) respnse, r ASMR, a pleasant feeling that travels frm the tp f the head dwn the back f the neck t the upper spine.
Watching vides that trigger ASMR is thught t lead t psitive respnses thrughut the bdy including enhanced md, relaxatin, and even pain relief. But can yu really achieve these benefits just by watching a shrt vide?A systematic review published seeks t answer that questin. German researchers cmbined the data frm 54 studies t better help us understand ASMR and its effects.
But first, where did this idea cme frm?There are references t feelings similar t ASMR in classic literature dating back t the early 1900s. The cntemprary definitins f ASMR sprang frm a discussin frum n a health-fcused website in2007. A YuTuber named Jennifer Allen cined the term in 2010.
Based n the previus studies, the researchers cncluded that examples f triggers include whispering, tapping, and natural sunds, and it is imprtant t nte that specific triggers f ASMR and the intensity f the respnse vary widely by individuals. They als explred its benefits. Clear evidence shws that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety. Data als shws that it can imprve shrt-term memry. In specific cases, participants watching ASMR vides had lwer heart rates and bld pressure, physical signals f relaxatin. In additin, they fund that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns assciated with relaxatin and stress relief.
Despite the encuraging results, the authrs nted that many f the ASMR studies had small sample sizes and a lack f diversity amng participants; mre research is needed t truly understand the impacts f ASMR.
Luckily, it’s true that watching sensry vides f peple brushing their hair, whispering, and making sft repetitive nises can lead t relaxatin and stress relief. The best thing abut ASMR is that there are minimal side effects. S if yu’re feeling anxius r stressed, it might be wrth watching a few minutes f ASMR vides t see if they help!
40. What is an autnmus sensry meridian respnse (ASMR)?
_____________________________________
41. Accrding t the studies, what benefits can ASMR bring us?
_____________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
>Althugh triggers f ASMR are different, they may cause reactins f similar intensity amng different peple.
_____________________________________
43. Besides watching ASMR vides, what else d yu d when feeling anxius r stressed?
_____________________________________
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的外国笔友Jim来信向你倾诉他的烦恼：学校艺术节展演在即，他任社长的舞蹈社与朋友的音乐社都想在学校仅有的一间排练室（rehearsal rm）练习，导致两个社团都无法充分排练。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 解决问题的建议；
2. 给予安慰或鼓励。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
丰台区2023-2024学年度第二学期期末练习高二英语
笔试(共三部分100分)
第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When Gertrude Grew Great
Gertrude was just an average kid with an average life. At hme, she helped ut just enugh t slide by. At schl, she did just enugh hmewrk t stay ut f ___1___. She had straight C's in all f her classes.
One day Gertrude’s teacher stpped her after class. “Gertrude,” he said, “I’ve seen the wrk yu d in class, and sme f it is ___2___.” Gertrude knew there were mments when she did try a little harder than what everyne ___3___, like when she tk extra time with her hmewrk t make it lk fancy. But she didn’t really believe that she culd change. She had dne just enugh t ___4___ fr s lng. In fact, she was scared by the thught f having the pwer t becme whatever she wanted.
That night, Gertrude had a dream. It was ten years int the future. She culd nt find an average jb, because even the average jbs were___5___ by abve-average wrkers. Gertrude wanted her wn place, her wn life. A vice spke in the dream:“The present is nthing mre than the___6___ f the chices made in the past.
“The future will nly be the results f the chices we make tday.” Gertrude began crying, because she knew she had helped ___7___ the wrld where she lived, and the chices she made had prduced the ptins she had.
The next day, she tried harder in schl, and she felt ___8___ than usual. She helped mre arund the huse, and she felt better than typical. Sn the pattern f Success ___9___ that f being nrmal and Gertrude even became great at failing by learning frm her mistakes. Ten years later, Gertrude lived in an average sized huse and she was just the average adult. But her ___10___ was abve average, because her life was hers.
1. A. rderB. trubleC. sightD. debt
2. A. challengingB. amusingC. amazingD. encuraging
3. A. learnedB. insistedC. expectedD. cmplained
4. A. get byB. give inC. shw upD. stand ut
5. A. filledB. fferedC. refusedD. valued
6. A. chanceB. riskC. rewardD. utcme
7. A. leadB. shapeC. betterD. prtect
8. A. smarterB. sadderC. calmerD. freer
9. A. fllwedB. cveredC. prducedD. replaced
10. A. independenceB. happinessC. cnfidenceD. gratitude
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了曾经格特鲁德只是一个过着普通生活的普通孩子，但是她逐渐意识到帮助塑造了她所生活的世界，她所做的选择产生了她现在的选择，所以她开始用成功的模式取代了正常的模式，让自己更加幸福。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在学校，她只做了足够的家庭作业以避免麻烦。A. rder命令；B. truble麻烦；C. sight视力；D. debt债务。根据上文“At hme, she helped ut just enugh t slide by.(在家里，她帮的忙只够凑合)”以及“At schl, she did just enugh hmewrk t stay ut f”可知，在学校，她只做了足够的家庭作业以避免麻烦。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“格特鲁德，”他说，“我看过你在课堂上做的作业，有些还很了不起。”A. challenging挑战的；B. amusing有趣的；C. amazing令人惊奇的；了不起的；D. encuraging鼓舞人心的。根据后文“like when she tk extra time with her hmewrk t make it lk fancy”可知，老师夸奖她的作业了不起。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：格特鲁德知道，有时候她确实比大家期望的要努力一些，比如她花额外的时间做作业，让它看起来更漂亮。A. learned学习；B. insisted坚持；C. expected期待；D. cmplained抱怨。根据后文“like when she tk extra time with her hmewrk t make it lk fancy”可知，有时候格特鲁德确实比大家期望的要努力一些，故选C。
【4题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她所做的工作只够维持这么长时间。A. get by维持；B. give in屈服；C. shw up出现；D. stand ut突出。根据上文“she did just enugh hmewrk”指她所做的工作只够维持这么长时间。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她找不到一份普通的工作，因为即使是普通的工作也被高于平均水平的工人填补了。A. filled装满；B. ffered提议；C. refused拒绝；D. valued重视。根据上文“She culd nt find an average jb, because even the average jbs were”可知，找不到普通的工作是因为即使是普通的工作也被高于平均水平的工人填补了。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：梦中有个声音说:“现在只不过是过去所做选择的结果。”A. chance机会；B. risk风险；C. reward奖励；D. utcme结果。根据后文“The future will nly be the results f the chices we make tday.”可知，现在只不过是过去所做选择的结果，而未来只会是我们今天所做选择的结果。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：格特鲁德哭了起来，因为她知道她帮助塑造了她所生活的世界，她所做的选择产生了她现在的选择。A. lead带领；B. shape塑造；C. better胜过；D. prtect保护。根据后文“the wrld where she lived, and the chices she made had prduced the ptins she had”指她自己塑造了所生活的世界，她所做的选择产生了她现在的选择。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二天，她在学校更加努力了，她觉得自己比平时聪明了。A. smarter更聪明的；B. sadder更悲伤的；C. calmer更平静的；D. freer更自由的。根据后文“She helped mre arund the huse, and she felt better than typical.(她在家里帮了更多的忙，感觉比平时好多了)”可知，事情在往好的方面发展，她在学校更加努力了，她觉得自己比平时聪明了。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，成功的模式取代了正常的模式，格特鲁德甚至变得善于从错误中吸取教训。A. fllwed跟随；B. cvered覆盖；C. prduced产生；D. replaced取代。根据后文“that f being nrmal”可知，成功的模式取代了正常的模式，故选D。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是她的幸福高于平均水平，因为她的生活是她自己的。A. independence独立；B. happiness幸福；C. cnfidence自信；D. gratitude感激。根据上文“Ten years later, Gertrude lived in an average sized huse and she was just the average adult.( 十年后，格特鲁德住在一所普通大小的房子里，她只是一个普通的成年人)”可知，她从成为普通人中收获了更高的幸福感，故选B。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Jules Verne (1828-1905) is regarded as ne f the fathers f science fictin. He ___11___ (pen) 54 nvels as part f his “Extrardinary Vyages” series. Many f his stries feature a brilliant but mad scientist ___12___ inventins ultimately bring mre harm than gd. Captain Nem uses his submarine t vilently attack ships, while Dr. Sarrasin's utpian city ___13___ (becme) the target f a takever plt. Fr Verne, human nature was the factr that determined ___14___ technlgy wuld be a frce fr gd r a surce f destructin.
【答案】11. penned
12. whse 13. becmes
14. whether##if
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科幻小说之父儒勒·凡尔纳。
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意：他写了54部小说，作为他的“非凡之旅”系列的一部分。描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。故填penned。
【12题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他的许多故事都描写了一位才华横溢但疯狂的科学家，他的发明最终带来的坏处大于好处。定语从句修饰先行词scientist，关系词在从句作定语，故用whse。故填whse。
【13题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：尼莫船长用他潜艇猛烈攻击船只，而萨拉辛博士的乌托邦城市成为了接管阴谋的目标。根据上文uses可知为一般现在时，主语为Dr. Sarrasin's utpian city，谓语用三单形式。故填becmes。
【14题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：凡尔纳认为，人性是决定技术是善的力量还是毁灭的源泉的因素。引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用whether/if。故填whether/if。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Internatinal Museum Day represents a unique mment fr the internatinal museum cmmunity. ___15___ (rganise) each year n 18 May, the celebratins can last a day, a weekend r a whle week. On this day, ___16___(participate) museums plan creative events and highlight the imprtance f the rle f museums as institutins. Nw, participatin in Internatinal Museum Day ___17___ (grw) amng museums all ver the wrld.
【答案】15. Organised##Organized
16. participating
17. grws##has grwn/has been grwing
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际博物馆日的意义。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：每年5月18日举办，庆祝活动可以持续一天、一个周末或整整一周。此处rganise与celebratins构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Organised/Organized。
16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在这一天，参与的博物馆将策划创意活动，并强调博物馆作为机构的重要性。作句子的主语，用动名词形式。故填participating。
【17题详解】
考查时态。句意：现在，世界各地的博物馆越来越多地参与国际博物馆日活动。此处可理解为说明目前的情况用一般现在时，或理解为过去对现在的影响，用现在完成时，或过去发生的动作持续到现在，还可能持续下去，用现在完成进行时，主语为participatin in Internatinal Museum Day，谓语用三单形式。故填grws/has grwn/has been grwing。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The summers f my childhd were ___18___ (stick) ht. At night, we ran windw fans and hped fr cler air. But thse summer nights seem pleasant cmpared with the extrardinary heat waves nwadays. Till this summer, thusands f new recrds ___19___ (set) nt just fr daily high temperatures, but als fr warmest vernight lws. Ht nights are dangerus ___20___ they rb peple f the chance t cl dwn befre the next burning day.
【答案】18. sticky
19. have been set
20. because##since##as
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是与童年时期相比，现在的夏天异常炎热，不仅白天高温创纪录，连夜晚的最低温度也屡创新高。这种炎热的夜晚很危险，因为它们剥夺了人们在下一个炎热日子之前降温的机会。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我童年的夏天又热又粘。设空处使用stick的形容词sticky作表语，意为“粘的，黏的”。故填sticky。
【19题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：直到今年夏天，成千上万的新记录被创造出来，不仅是每天的最高温度，还有最温暖的夜间最低温度。设空处使用动词作谓语，句中till this summer为现在完成时时间标志，同时recrds与set之间是被动关系，故使用现在完成时被动语态。故填have been set。
【20题详解】
考查连词。句意：炎热的夜晚是危险的，因为它们剥夺了人们在下一个炎热的白天到来之前降温的机会。设空处使用连词连接前后两个句子，后句与前句构成因果关系，表示“因为”用as/since/because。故填as/since/because。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Student Vlunteer Internships 2023-2024
A limited number f unpaid internships (实习) are available in Washingtn, D. C. within the U. S. Envirnmental Prtectin Agency's (EPA) Office f Water. Yu must be a full-time undergraduate r graduate student. A diversity f candidates within varius fields f study are encuraged t apply, including degree candidates in the fllwing subjects:
·Hydrlgy, aquatic bilgy, marine science, envirnmental engineering, gelgy, meterlgy, sil science, etc
·Public health, txiclgy, sanitatin, envirnmental justice, etc
·Public administratin, finance, management, cmmunicatins, etc.
Candidates shuld have a demnstrated interest r career gals in a water-health r public-health related field, including sustainability and resilience. Demanded qualities include strng analytical, written and ral skills, the ability t wrk independently and n a team, and a strng desire t take initiative.
The vlunteer intern will wrk fr a minimum f 12 weeks n a full-time (40 hurs per week) r part-time (20 hurs per week) schedule. Participants will nt be paid, but are qualified t apply fr a travelling expense. Participants d nt becme EPA emplyees during their stay.
Applicatins will be accepted n a rlling basis;hwever, mst prjects will arise fr internship pprtunities during the Summer Semester. Please submit yur applicatin at least 2 mnths befre each semester begins. We recgnize that timeframes may vary due t class schedules and we will wrk with individual candidates t specify exact timing and duratin as necessary. The general timeframes by semester are as fllws:
Summer Semester (late May thrugh late August)
Fall Semester (September thrugh December)
Spring Semester (January thrugh April)
T apply, email a resume, cver letter, and a shrt writing sample (maximum 5 pages) t: braschayk. kelley@ epa. gv.
21. Accrding t the passage, applicants are required t
A. be full-time graduate students
B. speak freign language fluently
C. have the ability t wrk with teams
D. majr in a public-health related field
22. What will EPA prvide fr the vlunteer interns?
A. Financial supprt fr transprt.
B. Persnalized wrk schedules.
C. A letter f recmmendatin.
D. Emplyment pprtunities
23. What shuld candidates d t apply fr the internship?
A. Email yur intern timeframes.
B. Prvide the degree certificate.
C. Wrk in a team fr 12 weeks
D. Offer a shrt writing sample.
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇招募广告。美国环保署华盛顿特区水质办公室提供2023-2024年度无薪实习生岗位。本文陈述了一些具体要求。
21题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“Demanded qualities include strng analytical, written and ral skills, the ability t wrk independently and n a team(要求的素质包括强大的分析、写作和口头技能，独立工作和团队合作的能力)”可知，申请者需要具备很多能力包括团队合作能力，而C选项更具体地提到了团队合作的能力，这是在申请要求中明确指出的。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Participants will nt be paid, but are qualified t apply fr a travelling expense.(参与者不会得到报酬，但有资格申请旅行费用)”可知，EPA将为志愿者实习生提供交通费支持。故选A项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“T apply, email a resume, cver letter, and a shrt writing sample (maximum 5 pages) t: braschayk.kelley@epa.gv.(要申请，请将简历、求职信和一份简短的写作样本（最多5页）发送至braschayk.kelley@epa.gv)”可知，候选人需要提交一份简短的写作样本。故选D项。
B
At an airprt I verheard an ld man and his daughter in their last mments tgether. They had annunced her plane’s departure and standing near the dr, he said t his daughter, “I lve yu, I wish yu enugh.”
She said, “Daddy, ur life tgether has been mre than enugh. Yur lve is all I ever needed. I wish yu enugh, t, Daddy. ” They kissed gd-bye and she left.
He walked ver tward the windw where I was seated. Standing there I culd see he wanted and needed t cry. I tried nt t intrude n his privacy, but he welcmed me in by asking, “Did yu ever say gd-bye t smene knwing it wuld be frever?” “Yes, I have,” I replied.
Saying that brught back memries I had f expressing my lve and appreciatin fr all my Dad had dne fr me. Recgnizing that his days were limited, I tk the time t tell him face t face hw much he meant t me. S I knew what this man was experiencing.
“Frgive me fr asking, but why is this a frever gd-bye?” I asked.
“I am ld and she lives much t far away. I have challenges ahead and the reality is, her next trip back will be fr my funeral,” he said.
“When yu were saying gd-bye I heard yu say, ‘I wish yu enugh. ‘May I ask what that means?”
He began t smile. “That’s a wish that has been handed dwn frm ther generatins. My parents used t say it t everyne. ”He paused fr a mment and lking up as if trying t remember it in detail, he smiled even mre.
“When we said ‘I wish yu enugh’, we were wanting the ther persn t have a life filled with enugh gd things t sustain them, ”he cntinued and then turning tward me, he shared the fllwing as if he were reciting it frm memry.
“I wish yu enugh sun t keep yur attitude bright. I wish yu enugh rain t appreciate the sun mre. I wish yu enugh happiness t keep yur spirit alive. I wish yu enugh pain s that the smallest jys in life appear much bigger. I wish yu enugh gain t satisfy yur wanting. I wish yu enugh lss t appreciate all that yu pssess. I wish enugh ‘Hells’ t get yu thrugh the final ‘Gd-bye’. ”
24. The ld man want t cry because _______
A. he was guilty fr nt lving his daughter enugh
B. his daughter didn’t care abut him as expected
C. he had a slim chance t see his daughter again
D. his daughter’s parting wrds made him sad
25. The authr mentined his Dad t shw________
A. his appreciatin fr his father’s devtin
B. his srrw fr his father leaving the wrld
C. his understanding f the ld man’s feeling
D. his cncern fr the ld man’s mental state
26. What message des the ld man’s wish cnvey?
A. Every mment is a blessing.
B. Great hpes make great men.
C. Happiness lies in cntentment.
D. T get time is t get everything.
27. Accrding t the passage, which can best describe the ld man?
A. Helpful and gentle.B. Wise and lving.
C. Mdest and thughtful.D. Kind and generus.
【答案】24. C 25. C 26. A 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在机场一位老人与女儿告别的情景，通过他们的对话展现了亲情、离别与祝愿的主题，同时也穿插了作者自身的回忆与感悟。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段““I am ld and she lives much t far away. I have challenges ahead and the reality is, her next trip back will be fr my funeral,” he said. (“我老了，她住得太远了。我面临着挑战，而现实是，她下次回来将是参加我的葬礼。”)”可知，老人知道自己可能无法活到女儿下次回来的时候，因此这可能是他们最后一次见面，所以老人想哭。故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Standing there I culd see he wanted and needed t cry. I tried nt t intrude n his privacy, but he welcmed me in by asking, “Did yu ever say gd-bye t smene knwing it wuld be frever?” “Yes, I have,” I replied. (站在那里，我看得出他想哭，也需要哭。我尽量不去侵犯他的隐私，但他欢迎我，问我：“你有没有跟一个明知要永远再见的人说再见？”我回答说：“是的。”)”和第四段“Saying that brught back memries I had f expressing my lve and appreciatin fr all my Dad had dne fr me. Recgnizing that his days were limited, I tk the time t tell him face t face hw much he meant t me. S I knew what this man was experiencing. (这句话勾起了我对父亲为我所做的一切表达爱和感激的回忆。意识到他的日子不多了，我花时间当面告诉他，他对我来说有多重要。所以我知道这个人正在经历什么。)”可知，作者提到自己的父亲是因为他曾经也有过向父亲表达爱与感激的经历，认识到父亲的日子有限，亲自面对面地告诉父亲他对自己的意义。这表明作者对老人的感受有着深刻的理解。故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““I wish yu enugh sun t keep yur attitude bright. I wish yu enugh rain t appreciate the sun mre. I wish yu enugh happiness t keep yur spirit alive. I wish yu enugh pain s that the smallest jys in life appear much bigger. I wish yu enugh gain t satisfy yur wanting. I wish yu enugh lss t appreciate all that yu pssess. I wish enugh ‘Hells’ t get yu thrugh the final ‘Gd-bye’. ” (“我希望你有足够的阳光，让你的态度保持光明。愿你有足够的雨水，让你更欣赏阳光。我希望你有足够的快乐来保持你的精神活力。我希望你有足够的痛苦，让生活中最小的快乐也变得更大。我希望你有足够的收获来满足你的需要。我希望你有足够的损失来珍惜你所拥有的一切。我希望有足够的‘你好’让你度过最后的‘再见’。”)”可知，老人的愿望传达了：每一刻都是一种祝福，都是幸福的时刻。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“At an airprt I verheard an ld man and his daughter in their last mments tgether. They had annunced her plane’s departure and standing near the dr, he said t his daughter, “I lve yu, I wish yu enugh.” (在机场，我无意中听到一位老人和他的女儿在一起的最后时刻。他们宣布了她的飞机起飞，他站在门口对女儿说：“我爱你，我希望你足够。”)”以及最后一段““I wish yu enugh sun t keep yur attitude bright. I wish yu enugh rain t appreciate the sun mre. I wish yu enugh happiness t keep yur spirit alive. I wish yu enugh pain s that the smallest jys in life appear much bigger. I wish yu enugh gain t satisfy yur wanting. I wish yu enugh lss t appreciate all that yu pssess. I wish enugh ‘Hells’ t get yu thrugh the final ‘Gd-bye’. ” (“我希望你有足够的阳光，让你的态度保持光明。愿你有足够的雨水，让你更欣赏阳光。我希望你有足够的快乐来保持你的精神活力。我希望你有足够的痛苦，让生活中最小的快乐也变得更大。我希望你有足够的收获来满足你的需要。我希望你有足够的损失来珍惜你所拥有的一切。我希望有足够的‘你好’让你度过最后的‘再见’。”)”可知，老人充满智慧并且深爱着他的家人。故选B。
C
The vilence f shaking frm an earthquake is usually fcused in the directin the quake is traveling. But a bmerang quake may spread the intense shaking acrss a wider zne. The new study, published tday in the jurnal Nature Gescience, is a majr step tward clearing up the cmplex physics behind bmerang quakes and understanding their ptential damage.
The latest bmerang was recrded near the mid-cean ridge in the Atlantic in 2016. By examining the psitin f the epicenter (震中) and the energy released by each shaking phase, Stephen Hicks, an earthquake seismlgist at the Imperial Cllege Lndn and first authr f the new study, identified what seemed t be tw steps f the quake:The quake initially headed eastward, but then turned back west. “This was weird, ”he says. This secnd leg f the quake mved remarkably quickly, at s-called supershear speeds. The quake unzipped the surface at an estimated 11, 000 miles per hur—fast enugh t dart frm New Yrk t Lndn in 18. 5 minutes, s fast that it caused the gelgic versin f a snic bm.
Hw ften des this happen?A bmerang quake at supershear speeds, as Hicks and his team bserved in the Atlantic, may be a fairly rare type. But wider evidence f bmerang quakes is munting. These back-tracking events have been studied in cmputer mdels as well as simulated in lab experiments. “The thery says that it’s there, but it’s quite difficult t see that [in the real wrld], ”says Hicks. The 2016 earthquake in Kumamt als seems t have ruptured (破裂) in a similar prcess. Fr that event, the initial shake triggered tw ther quakes, ne f which raced backward t partially verlap the initial break.
Understanding when and why these bmerang events happen is vital t grappling with risks earthquakes present. “Studies like this help us understand hw past earthquakes ruptured, hw future earthquakes may rupture, and hw that relates t the ptential impact fr faults (断层) near ppulated areas, ”says Hicks.
These bmerangs maybe bscured by cnventinal appraches used t analyze quakes, which are based n an assumptin that a quake rushes in ne directin. “Naturally we’re nt lking fr it, we dn’t expect it t exist,” Hicks says. Yet fr earthquakes, it seems, cmplexities might be the nrm rather than the exceptin. As Hicks puts it: “The mre and mre we lk at earthquakes in mre detail, f curse we see stranger things.”
28. A bmerang earthquake differs frm ther quakes because ________.
A. it mves at a super-fast speed
B. it triggers several small quakes
C. it releases immeasurable energy
D. it shakes in tw ppsite directins
29. Frm the passage, we can learn that _________.
A. the cming f the next bmerang can be predicted
B. bmerangs are t cmplex t be fully understd
C. bmerang events are cmmnplace in the real wrld
D. cmmn methds are reliable in analyzing bmerangs
30. What des the underlined phrase “grappling with” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. putting ffB. cping with
C. bringing abutD. fighting against
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“回旋镖地震”的研究进展和潜在危害。这种地震的特点是在传播过程中会改变方向，产生更广泛的强烈震动。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“The vilence f shaking frm an earthquake is usually fcused in the directin the quake is traveling. But a bmerang quake may spread the intense shaking acrss a wider zne. (地震产生的强烈震动通常集中在地震传播的方向上。但回旋镖地震可能会将强烈的震动扩散到更大的区域。)”同时根据第二段中“By examining the psitin f the epicenter(震中)and the energy released by each shaking phase, Stephen Hicks, an earthquake seismlgist at the Imperial Cllege Lndn and first authr f the new study, identified what seemed t be tw steps f the quake:The quake initially headed eastward, but then turned back west. (伦敦帝国理工学院(Imperial Cllege Lndn)的地震学家、这项新研究的第一作者斯蒂芬·希克斯(Stephen Hicks)通过研究震中的位置和每个震动阶段释放的能量，确定了地震的两个步骤：地震最初向东移动，但随后又向西转回。)”可知，一个回旋镖地震可能将强烈的震动传播到更广泛的区域，最新的回旋镖地震先向东移动，但随后又向西转回，因此回旋镖地震的震动方向会改变，先朝一个方向，然后转向相反的方向。因此，回旋镖地震与其他地震的主要区别在于它在两个相反的方向上震动。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Yet fr earthquakes, it seems, cmplexities might be the nrm rather than the exceptin. As Hicks puts it: “The mre and mre we lk at earthquakes in mre detail, f curse we see stranger things.”(然而，对于地震来说，复杂性似乎是常态，而不是例外。正如希克斯所说：“我们对地震的观察越细致，当然就会看到更奇怪的东西。”)”可知，这表明回旋镖地震非常复杂，难以完全理解。故选B。
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Understanding when and why these bmerang events happen is vital t…(了解这些“回旋镖地震”事件发生的时间和原因对于……)”以及划线词后面的内容“... risks earthquakes present.(……存在地震风险。)”以及后文中“Studies like this help us understand hw past earthquakes ruptured, hw future earthquakes may rupture, and hw that relates t the ptential impact fr faults (断层) near ppulated areas(这样的研究帮助我们了解过去的地震是如何破裂的，未来的地震可能会如何破裂，以及这与人口稠密地区附近断层的潜在影响有何关系)”可知，研究回旋镖地震帮助我们了解过去的地震是如何破裂的，未来的地震可能会如何破裂，以及这与人口稠密地区附近断层的潜在影响有何关系即研究回旋镖地震能够有助于我们处理或者解决目前地震存在的危险。故划线词与B选项“cping with(处理，解决)”为同义词。故选B。
D
All ver the wrld, frmal educatin supplies the ecnmy with wrkers wh will increase prductivity t fuel the ecnmic machine. But this machine nw threatens ur very survival. If the entire wrld reaches the levels f cnsumptin seen in high-incme cuntries tday, we’ll need multiple planet Earths t supply the resurces. The absurd (荒谬的) idea f infinite grwth within a finite territry is at the heart f ur ecnmic system.
T keep this machine running, frmal educatin generates ever mre efficient “human capital”. Increasing prductivity metrics (指标) rather than the individuality f students drives ur civilizatin’s apprach t schling ur yung peple. Whereas the Sustainable Develpment Gals call fr turning educatin int a frce fr sustainability, the ppsite is ften true: The ways Western scieties have cme t think abut educatin undermine ur ability t deal with the envirnmental crisis. T get thrugh this crisis, we need t cultivate ur imaginatin, nt undermine it.
Grwing up, nne f my schling fstered my ability t imagine a wrld different frm what I saw arund me. Besides, I realize the suppressin (抑制) f children’s imaginatin desn’t take place nly in underresurced cmmunities, but in “elite” institutins that tut “critical thinking”. Schls want t see their graduates succeed, and success is t ften abut maintaining current structures— nt abut reimagining their fundatins.
Essentially, ur educatin systems shape children in the image f artificial intelligence. The perfect “wrker”, AI, cntinually imprves its wn prductivity but desn’t challenge the larger structures within which it perates. It is ne f the great paradxes f ur time that we invest s much int building supercmputers while marginalizing the imaginative ptential f millins f human brains. What’s mre, we even put ur hpe in slving the envirnmental crisis n AI. But AI, like ur ther technlgies, can nly treat the symptms f the envirnmental crisis, nt the causes
Thrughut histry, achievers f great change have relied n their imaginatins t address fundamental flaws in sciety. In my cuntry f birth, cmmunists kept their dreams f demcracy alive fr decades by imagining different futures. In Suth Africa, Nelsn Mandela’s fllwers had t be radical (激进的) in their imaginatin t create a visin f a fairer sciety. Imagining demcracy when living under a ttalitarian regime (极权主义政权) isn’t that different frm imagining degrwth when living in a wrld f infinite grwth.
The kind f intelligence that Nelsn Mandela and such pssessed was nt artificial. The ability t reimagine the future and disrupt the current situatin remains a distinctly human quality. Unlike AI, children are naturally imaginative and questin the premises f sciety. In my research, I have bserved that yunger children are ften the mst radical in imagining different futures.
As lng as ur imaginatin is curtailed, ideas like degrwth sund utpian (乌托邦的) t many, Cultivating imaginatin means learning frm histry’s disrupters wh made the impssible pssible. Instead f dismissing “childish” ideas abut the wrld’s future, it means seeing inspiratin in children’s imaginatins. In an educatin system that celebrates imaginatin, arts and creativity are as imprtant as math and science. Idealism cexists with pragmatism. The envirnmental crisis is nt a crisis f technlgy r science, it is a crisis f imaginatin. If we let children be ur guides, we might be able t imagine ur way t survival.
31. The authr hpes educatin can play its rle in ________
A. develping human resurcesB. prmting sustainable develpment
C. increasing prductivityD. maximizing ecnmic grwth
32. Frm the passage, we can learn that _________
A. imaginatin isn’t well develped in schls
B. AI helps explit the ptential f human brains
C. graduates’ success changes the scial structures
D. AI can address the rt cause f ecnmic crisis
33. Nelsn Mandela is mentined as _________
A. a success in building a fair sciety
B. a leader wh had a great influence
C. a pineer pssessing the quality f AI
D. an inspiratin t slve scial prblems
34. Accrding t the passage, the authr may agree that _________
A. children’s imaginatin ensures human’s survival
B. the envirnmental crisis results frm technlgy
C. imaginatin can help slve envirnmental crisis
D. the “childish” ideas will ruin the wrld’s future
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文的体裁为议论文。文章主要围绕当前教育系统如何影响人类应对环境危机的能力展开讨论，提出了对现有教育模式的批判，并强调了培养想象力和创新能力的重要性。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Whereas the Sustainable Develpment Gals call fr turning educatin int a frce fr sustainability, the ppsite is ften true: The ways Western scieties have cme t think abut educatin undermine ur ability t deal with the envirnmental crisis. T get thrugh this crisis, we need t cultivate ur imaginatin, nt undermine it. (虽然可持续发展目标呼吁将教育转变为可持续发展的力量，但事实往往恰恰相反：西方社会对教育的思考方式削弱了我们应对环境危机的能力。为了度过这场危机，我们需要培养我们的想象力，而不是削弱它。)”可知，作者希望教育能在促进可持续发展方面发挥作用。故选B。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Grwing up, nne f my schling fstered my ability t imagine a wrld different frm what I saw arund me. Besides, I realize the suppressin (抑制) f children’s imaginatin desn’t take place nly in underresurced cmmunities, but in “elite” institutins that tut “critical thinking”. Schls want t see their graduates succeed, and success is t ften abut maintaining current structures— nt abut reimagining their fundatins. (从小到大，我所受的学校教育都没有培养我想象一个不同于我所看到的世界的能力。此外，我意识到对儿童想象力的压制不仅发生在资源匮乏的社区，也发生在鼓吹“批判性思维”的“精英”机构。学校希望看到他们的毕业生成功，而成功往往是维持现有的结构，而不是重新构想他们的基础。)”可知，学校教育中想象力并未得到充分发展。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中的“In Suth Africa, Nelsn Mandela’s fllwers had t be radical (激进的) in their imaginatin t create a visin f a fairer sciety. Imagining demcracy when living under a ttalitarian regime (极权主义政权) isn’t that different frm imagining degrwth when living in a wrld f infinite grwth. (在南非，Nelsn Mandela的追随者必须在他们的想象中变得激进，才能创造一个更公平的社会。生活在极权主义政权下想象民主与生活在无限增长的世界里想象去增长并没有什么不同。)”可知，提及Nelsn Mandela是为了强调其作为历史变革者的角色，他拥有重新构想未来的独特人类特质，从而激励人们解决社会问题，作为一个解决社会问题的灵感来源。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Whereas the Sustainable Develpment Gals call fr turning educatin int a frce fr sustainability, the ppsite is ften true: The ways Western scieties have cme t think abut educatin undermine ur ability t deal with the envirnmental crisis. T get thrugh this crisis, we need t cultivate ur imaginatin, nt undermine it. (虽然可持续发展目标呼吁将教育转变为可持续发展的力量，但事实往往恰恰相反：西方社会对教育的思考方式削弱了我们应对环境危机的能力。为了度过这场危机，我们需要培养我们的想象力，而不是削弱它。)”和最后一段中的“The envirnmental crisis is nt a crisis f technlgy r science, it is a crisis f imaginatin. If we let children be ur guides, we might be able t imagine ur way t survival. (环境危机不是技术或科学的危机，而是想象力的危机。如果我们让孩子成为我们的向导，我们也许能够想象我们的生存之路。)”可知，作者认为想象力是解决环境危机的关键，如果释放孩子们的想象力并从中得到启发，我们或许能够想象出通往生存的道路，因此作者同意想象力有助于解决环境危机的观点。故选C。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What Came First, the Chicken r the Egg?
Chickens are ne f the mst ecnmically imprtant animals in the wrld tday. ___35___, Recent advancements in archaelgical methdlgies have unveiled that numerus bne discveries, nce believed t be evidence f early chickens, actually belng t wild birds.
Nw, in a new publicatin, an internatinal team f archaelgists, histrians, and bimlecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence fr the raising f chickens fr egg prductin. Using eggshell fragments cllected frm 12 archaelgical sites cvering rughly 1500 years, the researchers shw that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia frm apprximately 400 BCE t 1000 CE and were likely spread alng the ancient Silk Rad. ___36___. It was this trait f prductive egg laying, the researchers argue, that made the dmestic chicken s attractive t ancient peples
___37___. They cllected tens f thusands f eggshell fragments frm sites lcated alng the main Central Asian crridr f the Silk Rad. They then used a methd f bimlecular analysis called ZMS t identify the surce f the eggs. The identificatin f these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers t an imprtant cnclusin. ___38___ . In the wild, this kind f bird nests nce per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). This is the earliest evidence fr the lss f seasnal egg laying yet identified in the archaelgical recrd. Meanwhile, it is an imprtant clue fr better understanding the mutualistic (共生的) relatinships between humans and animals that resulted in dmesticatin
Taken tgether, the new study suggests an answer t the age-ld riddle f the chicken and the egg. ___39___.
A. T reach these cnclusins, the team did a lt f wrk.
B. The abundance f eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying ut f seasn.
C. Yet, the stry f hw they riginated and spread thrughut the ancient wrld remains largely unclear.
D. Research shws chickens were bred thrughut suthern Central Asia, and were spread alng the ancient Silk Rad.
E. The birds must have been laying mre frequently than their wild ancestr, the red jungle fwl
F. They argue that the lss f seasnal egg laying was the main drive fr the spread f dmestic chickens acrss Eurasia and nrtheast Africa
G. As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability t lay a large number f eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we knw tday.
【答案】35. C 36. B 37. A 38. E 39. G
【解析】
【导语】本文属于说明文。文章探讨了关于鸡与鸡蛋经典问题，并通过介绍一项新的考古研究成果，阐述了家鸡驯化史中关于鸡蛋生产的重要发现，以及这些发现对理解家鸡起源和传播的意义。
【35题详解】
由下文的“Recent advancements in archaelgical methdlgies have unveiled that numerus bne discveries, nce believed t be evidence f early chickens, actually belng t wild birds. (考古学方法的最新进展揭示了许多曾经被认为是早期鸡的证据的骨头发现，实际上属于野生鸟类，)”可知，下文则提到了关于鸡的考古新发现，说明对于鸡如何起源和传播的故事并不清晰。因此，C选项“Yet, the stry f hw they riginated and spread thrughut the ancient wrld remains largely unclear (然而，它们如何起源并在古代世界中传播的故事仍很大程度上不清楚)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选C。
【36题详解】
由上文的“Nw, in a new publicatin, an internatinal team f archaelgists, histrians, and bimlecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence fr the raising f chickens fr egg prductin. Using eggshell fragments cllected frm 12 archaelgical sites cvering rughly 1500 years, the researchers shw that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia frm apprximately 400 BCE t 1000 CE and were likely spread alng the ancient Silk Rad. (现在，在一份新的出版物中，一个由考古学家、历史学家和生物分子科学家组成的国际团队提出了最早的明确证据，证明养鸡是为了产蛋。研究人员从12个考古遗址收集了大约1500年的蛋壳碎片，研究人员表明，从公元前400年到公元1000年，鸡在中亚被广泛饲养，并可能沿着古丝绸之路传播。)”可知，科学家发现大量的蛋壳，本空继续谈论这些蛋壳的发现的意义。B选项“The abundance f eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying ut f seasn. (大量蛋壳进一步表明，这些鸟是在淡季产卵的。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。
【37题详解】
根据下文的“They cllected tens f thusands f eggshell fragments frm sites lcated alng the main Central Asian crridr f the Silk Rad. They then used a methd f bimlecular analysis called ZMS t identify the surce f the eggs. The identificatin f these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers t an imprtant cnclusin. (他们从丝绸之路中亚主要走廊沿线的遗址收集了数以万计的蛋壳碎片。然后，他们使用一种称为ZMS的生物分子分析方法来确定卵子的来源。这些壳碎片被鉴定为鸡，以及它们在每个地点的丰度，使研究人员得出了一个重要的结论。)”可知，下文谈论了团队做的工作，故本空也与团队做的工作有关。A选项“T reach these cnclusins, the team did a lt f wrk (为了得出这些结论，团队做了大量工作)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选A。
【38题详解】
根据上文的“The identificatin f these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers t an imprtant cnclusin. (这些壳碎片被鉴定为鸡，以及它们在每个地点的丰度，使研究人员得出了一个重要的结论。)”可知，本空要阐述这一结论，根据下文的“In the wild, this kind f bird nests nce per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). (在野外，这种鸟每年筑巢一次，通常每窝产六个蛋)”可知，这种鸟下蛋更多，E选项“The birds must have been laying mre frequently than their wild ancestr, the red jungle fwl (这些鸟一定比它们的野生祖先红原鸡更频繁地下蛋)”是对研究结果的直接阐述，能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。
【39题详解】
根据上文的“Taken tgether, the new study suggests an answer t the age-ld riddle f the chicken and the egg. (总的来说，这项新研究为古老的鸡生蛋还是蛋生鸡之谜提供了答案。)”可知，最后一个空格要求总结全文，总结研究的核心发现。G选项“As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability t lay a large number f eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we knw tday. (正如中亚的证据所表明的那样，大量产蛋的能力使鸡成为我们今天所知道的鸡。)”既回应了文章开头的问题，也总结了研究的核心发现，大量产蛋的能力使鸡成为我们今天所知道的鸡，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
What We Really Knw Abut ASMR
If yu spend time n YuTube r TikTk, yu may have cme acrss vides f smene whispering int a micrphne, carefully slicing stacks f slime, r slwly ripping strips f paper. These vides are designed t trigger an autnmus sensry meridian (经络) respnse, r ASMR, a pleasant feeling that travels frm the tp f the head dwn the back f the neck t the upper spine.
Watching vides that trigger ASMR is thught t lead t psitive respnses thrughut the bdy including enhanced md, relaxatin, and even pain relief. But can yu really achieve these benefits just by watching a shrt vide?A systematic review published seeks t answer that questin. German researchers cmbined the data frm 54 studies t better help us understand ASMR and its effects.
But first, where did this idea cme frm?There are references t feelings similar t ASMR in classic literature dating back t the early 1900s. The cntemprary definitins f ASMR sprang frm a discussin frum n a health-fcused website in2007. A YuTuber named Jennifer Allen cined the term in 2010.
Based n the previus studies, the researchers cncluded that examples f triggers include whispering, tapping, and natural sunds, and it is imprtant t nte that specific triggers f ASMR and the intensity f the respnse vary widely by individuals. They als explred its benefits. Clear evidence shws that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety. Data als shws that it can imprve shrt-term memry. In specific cases, participants watching ASMR vides had lwer heart rates and bld pressure, physical signals f relaxatin. In additin, they fund that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns assciated with relaxatin and stress relief.
Despite the encuraging results, the authrs nted that many f the ASMR studies had small sample sizes and a lack f diversity amng participants; mre research is needed t truly understand the impacts f ASMR.
Luckily, it’s true that watching sensry vides f peple brushing their hair, whispering, and making sft repetitive nises can lead t relaxatin and stress relief. The best thing abut ASMR is that there are minimal side effects. S if yu’re feeling anxius r stressed, it might be wrth watching a few minutes f ASMR vides t see if they help!
40. What is an autnmus sensry meridian respnse (ASMR)?
_____________________________________
41. Accrding t the studies, what benefits can ASMR bring us?
_____________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
>Althugh triggers f ASMR are different, they may cause reactins f similar intensity amng different peple.
_____________________________________
43. Besides watching ASMR vides, what else d yu d when feeling anxius r stressed?
_____________________________________
【答案】40. (ASMR/It is) a pleasant feeling that travels frm the tp f the head dwn the back f the neck t the upper spine.
41. It/ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety and imprve shrt-term memry.
42. Althugh triggers f ASMR are different, they may cause reactins f similar intensity amng peple. Accrding t the passage, the intensity f the respnse varies widely by individuals.
43. Pssible versin 1: Time permitting, I can take a city walk in a strange place. Wandering aimlessly in a new place will refresh me and draw my attentin away frm what causes my stress. With a light heart, I can face my prblem mre readily. (41w)
Pssible versin 2: I may talk my prblem ut with my parents r friends. Thrugh an in-depth chat, I may clear my mind and wrk ut sme plausible ways t deal with the prblem causing my anxiety. (34w)
【解析】
【导语】本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了自主感官经络反应（ASMR）的概念、其常见触发因素、对身心健康的潜在益处，以及目前研究存在的局限性。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。由文章第一段中“These vides are designed t trigger an autnmus sensry meridian (经络) respnse, r ASMR, a pleasant feeling that travels frm the tp f the head dwn the back f the neck t the upper spine. (这些视频旨在触发自主感觉经络反应，即ASMR，一种愉快的感觉，从头顶向下到颈部后部，再到脊柱上部。)”可知，自主感官经络反应（ASMR）是一种令人愉快的感觉，从头顶向下延伸至颈部后方，直至上脊柱。故答案为：(ASMR/It is) a pleasant feeling that travels frm the tp f the head dwn the back f the neck t the upper spine.
【41题详解】
考查推理判断题。根据第四段中“Clear evidence shws that ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety. Data als shws that it can imprve shrt-term memry. In specific cases, participants watching ASMR vides had lwer heart rates and bld pressure, physical signals f relaxatin. In additin, they fund that ASMR triggers brain activity patterns assciated with relaxatin and stress relief. (明确的证据表明，ASMR可以减轻压力和焦虑。数据还显示，它可以改善短期记忆。在特定情况下，观看ASMR视频的参与者心率和血压较低，这是放松的身体信号。此外，他们还发现ASMR会触发与放松和减压相关的大脑活动模式。)”可知，ASMR可以减轻压力和焦虑，改善短期记忆。故答案为：It/ASMR can reduce stress and anxiety and imprve shrt-term memry.
【42题详解】
考查推理判断题。根据第四段中“Based n the previus studies, the researchers cncluded that examples f triggers include whispering, tapping, and natural sunds, and it is imprtant t nte that specific triggers f ASMR and the intensity f the respnse vary widely by individuals. (基于之前的研究，研究人员得出结论，触发因素包括耳语、敲击声和自然声音，值得注意的是，ASMR的具体触发因素和反应强度因人而异。)”可知，不同人对相同触发因素的反应强度可能不同，而非相似。因此，错误部分为：“they may cause reactins f similar intensity amng different peple (它们可能会在不同人中引起相似强度的反应)”，因为实际上反应强度是因人而异的。故答案为：Althugh triggers f ASMR are different, they may cause reactins f similar intensity amng different peple. Accrding t the passage, the intensity f the respnse varies widely by individuals.
【43题详解】
开放性问题。如果时间允许，我可以到一个陌生的地方去城市散步。在一个新地方漫无目的地游荡会让我精神焕发，把我的注意力从导致我压力的原因上转移开。心情轻松，我可以更容易地面对我的问题。故答案为：Time permitting, I can take a city walk in a strange place. Wandering aimlessly in a new place will refresh me and draw my attentin away frm what causes my stress. With a light heart, I can face my prblem mre readily.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的外国笔友Jim来信向你倾诉他的烦恼：学校艺术节展演在即，他任社长的舞蹈社与朋友的音乐社都想在学校仅有的一间排练室（rehearsal rm）练习，导致两个社团都无法充分排练。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 解决问题的建议；
2. 给予安慰或鼓励
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Hearing abut yur prblem in rehearsal, I’d like t prvide yu with sme suggestins.
I d understand that bth f yu want t make the perfrmance better. S, yu can list ut the available time perids fr the rehearsal rm, divide it equally int tw, and then decide n the right t use it thrugh negtiatin r drawing lts.
When the rehearsal rm is nt available, yu can arrange sme individual training in ther classrms r even n the playgrund. This way, yur practice in the rehearsal rm will be mre effective.
I hpe my suggestins can be helpful t yu and wish yu a successful perfrmance. Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。外国笔友Jim来信向你倾诉他的烦恼：学校艺术节展演在即，他任社长的舞蹈社与朋友的音乐社都想在学校仅有的一间排练练习，导致两个社团都无法充分排练，要求考生按照要求给他写一封电子邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestin→ prpsal
理解：understand→ cmprehend
安排：arrange→ schedule
有效的：effective→ efficacius
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Hearing abut yur prblem in rehearsal, I’d like t prvide yu with sme suggestins.
拓展句：After hearing abut yur prblem in rehearsal, I’d like t prvide yu with sme suggestins.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing abut yur prblem in rehearsal, I’d like t prvide yu with sme suggestins.（运用了现在分词Hearing作状语）
【高分句型2】I d understand that bth f yu want t make the perfrmance better.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）