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人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists同步练习题
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这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists同步练习题，共11页。
Sectin Ⅰ Reading and Thinking (1)
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单词拼写。
1. At the farm there was an ld-fashined pump fr drawing water frm a well.
2. Every mment f every day, energy is being transfrmed frm ne frm int anther.
3. Befre the Spring Festival, all Chinese husehlds wuld have their huses cleaned frm tp t bttm.
4. Because f human activities, the number f sme rare animals is n the decrease.
5. Under the micrscpe(显微镜),he discvered that these seeds had hks(钩),s they culd easily stick t clthing r hair.
6. It is reprted that the plice have arrested the suspect (犯罪嫌疑人) f the accident.
7. By pure (纯粹的) chance he fund the rare bk he needed in a small shp.
8. Being expsed t these surrundings will increase the risk f infectin (感染).
9. He fcused n his discvery and the statistics (统计数字) f his research.
10. He made substantial (大量的) dnatins t charity.
Ⅱ. 用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空。
1. Smetimes parents are t blame fr their children's bad behaviur at schl.
2. Many wild animals including birds have died frm the frest fire.
3. The suspect subscribed t the fact that he had entered the victim's rm.
4. In general, a learned man makes fewer mistakes in life than a man withut knwledge.
5. Many graduates dnated their used bks s that mre students can benefit frm their kind behaviur.
6. Dctrs frm acrss the cuntry are attending t the patients at the risk f getting infected.
7. Encuraged by the stry f the great scientist, Linda is determined t carry n her educatin.
8. The cause f the pwer failure was fund ut in time after a ne-hur examinatin.
9. Thanks t yur timely warning, we avided wasting a lt f time in carrying ut the prject.
10. My family used t live in the city but nw we have mved t the cuntryside.
Ⅲ. 翻译句子。
1. 这个问题已经得到根本解决。(nce and fr all)
The prblem has been settled nce and fr all.
2. 你想让人把票递送给你吗? (have sth dne)
D yu want t have the tickets delivered t yu?
3. 他被怀疑感染上了霍乱。(suspect; infect)
He was suspected f being infected with chlera.
4. 为了改变你的人生,你必须改变思考的方式。(the way)
T change yur life, yu must change the way yu think.
5. 一项新的研究发现睡眠和体重之间有着紧密的联系。(link)
A new study has fund a clse link between sleep and weight.
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 阅读理解。
A
(2023年·广东湛江二模)
As yu walk arund the UK in March, yu might ntice that sme peple are wearing a daffdil (水仙花) n their cats. The British wear these yellw flwers t shw they supprt ne f this cuntry's best-knwn charities: the Marie Curie Cancer Care.
The Marie Curie Cancer Care tries t ensure everyne diagnsed with cancer is cared fr in the best pssible way. It als helps fund research int pssible cures thrugh ther rganizatins. Funded in 1948, it has been cntinuing with its gal ever since.
The charity was named after Marie Curie, a renwned scientist. She experimented with newly-discvered elements t create the thery f radiactivity. Unfrtunately, verexpsure t the radiactive elements made her develp a disease and die in 1934. Marie Curie wn the Nbel Prize in tw different fields. Because f her pineering wrk which led t chemtherapy (化学疗法), the charity shared the name f Marie Curie.
The daffdil is ne f the first plants t flwer during spring in the UK, which marks the return f flwering plants t the ecsystem after winter. Because f this, the charity uses the daffdil as a metaphr fr bringing life t ther peple thrugh charitable giving.
Everyne yu see wearing a daffdil has dnated mney t the charity, but each daffdil is wrth nly what yu want t pay fr it. The charity des ask that yu stick t a minimum amunt f ￡1.
The charity encurages peple t start wearing their daffdils at the start f March, when the “Great Daffdil Appeal” kicks ff. But that desn't mean yu can nly wear them in March. Peple are smetimes seen walking arund with daffdils n their clthes all year rund.
1. What des it mean when the British wear a daffdil n their cats?
A. They supprt a charity.
B. They are recvering frm cancer.
C. They've been helped by a charity.
D. They've been diagnsed with cancer.
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The British wear these yellw flwers t shw they supprt ne f this cuntry's best-knwn charities: the Marie Curie Cancer Care.”可知,英国人在外套上戴水仙花代表支持一个慈善机构。故选A。
答案:A
2. What des the underlined wrd “renwned” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Beautiful.B. Mdest.
C. Famus.D. Humrus.
解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The charity was named after Marie Curie”和下文“Because f her pineering wrk which led t chemtherapy, the charity shared the name f Marie Curie.”可知,科学家玛丽·居里很出名,故画线单词意为“著名的”。故选C。
答案:C
3. Why was the charity named after Marie Curie?
A. Patients required that.
B. It was launched by her.
C. She greatly supprted it.
D. It culd shw respect fr her.
解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Because f her pineering wrk which led t chemtherapy, the charity shared the name f Marie Curie.”可知,该慈善机构以Marie Curie命名是为了对这位伟大的科学家表示尊敬。故选D。
答案:D
4. What can we learn abut the daffdil frm the text?
A. It can be used as medicine.
B. It's thught t stand fr hpe.
C. It's widely wrn wrldwide.
D. It's sld t the wearers at a high price.
解析:推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Because f this, the charity uses the daffdil as a metaphr fr bringing life t ther peple thrugh charitable giving.”可知,水仙花被认为代表着希望。故选B。
答案:B
B
Edmund Halley was an English scientist wh lived ver 200 years ag. He studied the bservatins f cmets(彗星) which ther scientists had made. The rbit f ne particular cmet was a very difficult mathematical prblem. He culd nt figure it ut. Neither culd ther scientists wh dealt with such prblems.
Hwever, Halley had a friend named Newtn, wh was a brilliant mathematician. Newtn thught he had already wrked ut that prblem, but he culd nt find the papers n which he had dne it. He tld Halley that the rbit f a cmet had the shape f an ellipse (椭圆).
Nw Halley set t wrk. He figured ut the rbits f sme f the cmets that had been bserved by scientists. He made a surprising discvery. The cmets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same rbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 t 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange t Halley. The different cmets fllwed the same rbit. The mre Halley thught abut it, the mre he thught that there had nt been three different cmets, as peple thught. He decided that they had simply seen the same cmet three times. The cmet had gne away and had cme back again.
It was an astnishing idea! Halley felt certain enugh t make a predictin f what wuld happen in the future. He decided that this cmet wuld appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years t g befre Halley's predictin culd be tested. In 1758 the cmet appeared in the sky. Halley did nt see it, fr he had died sme years befre. Ever since then that cmet has been called Halley's cmet, in his hnur.
5. Hw did Halley make his discvery?
A. By ding experiments.
B. By means f his wn careful bservatin.
C. By using the wrk f ther scientists.
D. By chance.
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He studied the bservatins f cmets which ther scientists had made.”可知,哈雷的发现是他在研究其他科学家们的观察中得出来的。故选C。
答案:C
6. When did Halley make a surprising, but crrect predictin?
A. In 1704.B. In 1705.
C. In 1706.D. In 1707.
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He decided that this cmet wuld appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years t g befre Halley's predictin culd be tested.”可知,他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年,而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证,由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。故选B。
答案:B
7. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Halley and ther scientists.
B. The rbit f a cmet.
C. Newtn and Halley.
D. Halley and his discvery.
解析:主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知,文章主要向我们讲述了科学家哈雷以及他发现哈雷彗星的故事。故选D。
答案:D
Ⅴ. 阅读七选五。
D yu want t be a scientist?If yu'd like t be ne, yu shuld lay the fundatin(基础) fr the task ahead. 1.______
Take the necessary classes in high schl. Yu'll need t d well in mathematics. 2.______ Yu can als cnsider ging t a science camp during high schl. There yu'll d mre intensive prjects than yu d in yur regular science classes in schl.
Start ut with the basics in cllege. Yu'll need t take basic curses in bilgy, chemistry and physics t equip yurself with the basics f each science, as well as the scientific methd f bserving and experimenting. Skills in ne r tw freign languages may be helpful as well, in rder t read lder scientific papers that are written in freign languages. 3.______
4.______ After yu've gtten yur feet wet and yu're familiar with the directins this wrk culd take yu, chse a majr in a mre specific branch f science.
Develp yur writing skills. Yu'll als need t write well as a scientist, bth t get mney fr yur research and t publish yur results in scientific magazines. 5.______ Always be reading scientific jurnals and keep up with the field. Yu'll be in thse jurnals yurself, in time. Lk ver their wrk fr structure and the basics f a gd scientific paper.
A. Get a higher educatin.
B. Be patient, and think creatively.
C. There's a guide fr the preparatin wrk.
D. Chse a majr in a field that interests yu.
E. Scientists in the physical sciences use a great deal f mathematics.
F. The mst helpful languages t learn include French, German and Russian.
G. Classes in English in high schl and technical writing in cllege will help yu imprve yur skills.
1. 解析:根据第一段中的“If yu'd like t be ne, yu shuld lay the fundatin fr the task ahead.”并结合下文给出的建议可知,本句承上启下,应为说明有一个关于准备工作的指南。故选C。
答案:C
2. 解析:根据空前一句“Yu'll need t d well in mathematics.”可知,此处是讲数学的重要性,本空说明要学好数学的原因是科学家要用大量的数学知识。故选E。
答案:E
3. 解析:根据空前一句“Skills in ne r tw freign languages may be helpful as well, in rder t read lder scientific papers that are written in freign languages.”可知,此处主要讲应学习一到两门外语,故本空应为列举学习哪些语言。故选F。
答案:F
4. 解析:根据文章结构可知,空处是本段的主旨句,结合下文内容“After yu've gtten yur feet wet and yu're familiar with the directins this wrk culd take yu,chse a majr in a mre specific branch f science.”可知,这里讲的是选专业的问题。故选D。
答案:D
5. 解析:根据本段主旨句“Develp yur writing skills.”可知,本段主要讲的是培养写作技巧,G项中的“technical writing”与本段主旨相符。故选G。
答案:G
subscribe t, attend t, be determined t,
used t, be t blame, s that, in time, thanks t, die frm, in general
Sectin Ⅰ Reading and Thinking (1)
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单词拼写。
1. At the farm there was an ld-fashined pump fr drawing water frm a well.
2. Every mment f every day, energy is being transfrmed frm ne frm int anther.
3. Befre the Spring Festival, all Chinese husehlds wuld have their huses cleaned frm tp t bttm.
4. Because f human activities, the number f sme rare animals is n the decrease.
5. Under the micrscpe(显微镜),he discvered that these seeds had hks(钩),s they culd easily stick t clthing r hair.
6. It is reprted that the plice have arrested the suspect (犯罪嫌疑人) f the accident.
7. By pure (纯粹的) chance he fund the rare bk he needed in a small shp.
8. Being expsed t these surrundings will increase the risk f infectin (感染).
9. He fcused n his discvery and the statistics (统计数字) f his research.
10. He made substantial (大量的) dnatins t charity.
Ⅱ. 用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空。
1. Smetimes parents are t blame fr their children's bad behaviur at schl.
2. Many wild animals including birds have died frm the frest fire.
3. The suspect subscribed t the fact that he had entered the victim's rm.
4. In general, a learned man makes fewer mistakes in life than a man withut knwledge.
5. Many graduates dnated their used bks s that mre students can benefit frm their kind behaviur.
6. Dctrs frm acrss the cuntry are attending t the patients at the risk f getting infected.
7. Encuraged by the stry f the great scientist, Linda is determined t carry n her educatin.
8. The cause f the pwer failure was fund ut in time after a ne-hur examinatin.
9. Thanks t yur timely warning, we avided wasting a lt f time in carrying ut the prject.
10. My family used t live in the city but nw we have mved t the cuntryside.
Ⅲ. 翻译句子。
1. 这个问题已经得到根本解决。(nce and fr all)
The prblem has been settled nce and fr all.
2. 你想让人把票递送给你吗? (have sth dne)
D yu want t have the tickets delivered t yu?
3. 他被怀疑感染上了霍乱。(suspect; infect)
He was suspected f being infected with chlera.
4. 为了改变你的人生,你必须改变思考的方式。(the way)
T change yur life, yu must change the way yu think.
5. 一项新的研究发现睡眠和体重之间有着紧密的联系。(link)
A new study has fund a clse link between sleep and weight.
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 阅读理解。
A
(2023年·广东湛江二模)
As yu walk arund the UK in March, yu might ntice that sme peple are wearing a daffdil (水仙花) n their cats. The British wear these yellw flwers t shw they supprt ne f this cuntry's best-knwn charities: the Marie Curie Cancer Care.
The Marie Curie Cancer Care tries t ensure everyne diagnsed with cancer is cared fr in the best pssible way. It als helps fund research int pssible cures thrugh ther rganizatins. Funded in 1948, it has been cntinuing with its gal ever since.
The charity was named after Marie Curie, a renwned scientist. She experimented with newly-discvered elements t create the thery f radiactivity. Unfrtunately, verexpsure t the radiactive elements made her develp a disease and die in 1934. Marie Curie wn the Nbel Prize in tw different fields. Because f her pineering wrk which led t chemtherapy (化学疗法), the charity shared the name f Marie Curie.
The daffdil is ne f the first plants t flwer during spring in the UK, which marks the return f flwering plants t the ecsystem after winter. Because f this, the charity uses the daffdil as a metaphr fr bringing life t ther peple thrugh charitable giving.
Everyne yu see wearing a daffdil has dnated mney t the charity, but each daffdil is wrth nly what yu want t pay fr it. The charity des ask that yu stick t a minimum amunt f ￡1.
The charity encurages peple t start wearing their daffdils at the start f March, when the “Great Daffdil Appeal” kicks ff. But that desn't mean yu can nly wear them in March. Peple are smetimes seen walking arund with daffdils n their clthes all year rund.
1. What des it mean when the British wear a daffdil n their cats?
A. They supprt a charity.
B. They are recvering frm cancer.
C. They've been helped by a charity.
D. They've been diagnsed with cancer.
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The British wear these yellw flwers t shw they supprt ne f this cuntry's best-knwn charities: the Marie Curie Cancer Care.”可知,英国人在外套上戴水仙花代表支持一个慈善机构。故选A。
答案:A
2. What des the underlined wrd “renwned” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Beautiful.B. Mdest.
C. Famus.D. Humrus.
解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The charity was named after Marie Curie”和下文“Because f her pineering wrk which led t chemtherapy, the charity shared the name f Marie Curie.”可知,科学家玛丽·居里很出名,故画线单词意为“著名的”。故选C。
答案:C
3. Why was the charity named after Marie Curie?
A. Patients required that.
B. It was launched by her.
C. She greatly supprted it.
D. It culd shw respect fr her.
解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Because f her pineering wrk which led t chemtherapy, the charity shared the name f Marie Curie.”可知,该慈善机构以Marie Curie命名是为了对这位伟大的科学家表示尊敬。故选D。
答案:D
4. What can we learn abut the daffdil frm the text?
A. It can be used as medicine.
B. It's thught t stand fr hpe.
C. It's widely wrn wrldwide.
D. It's sld t the wearers at a high price.
解析:推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Because f this, the charity uses the daffdil as a metaphr fr bringing life t ther peple thrugh charitable giving.”可知,水仙花被认为代表着希望。故选B。
答案:B
B
Edmund Halley was an English scientist wh lived ver 200 years ag. He studied the bservatins f cmets(彗星) which ther scientists had made. The rbit f ne particular cmet was a very difficult mathematical prblem. He culd nt figure it ut. Neither culd ther scientists wh dealt with such prblems.
Hwever, Halley had a friend named Newtn, wh was a brilliant mathematician. Newtn thught he had already wrked ut that prblem, but he culd nt find the papers n which he had dne it. He tld Halley that the rbit f a cmet had the shape f an ellipse (椭圆).
Nw Halley set t wrk. He figured ut the rbits f sme f the cmets that had been bserved by scientists. He made a surprising discvery. The cmets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same rbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 t 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange t Halley. The different cmets fllwed the same rbit. The mre Halley thught abut it, the mre he thught that there had nt been three different cmets, as peple thught. He decided that they had simply seen the same cmet three times. The cmet had gne away and had cme back again.
It was an astnishing idea! Halley felt certain enugh t make a predictin f what wuld happen in the future. He decided that this cmet wuld appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years t g befre Halley's predictin culd be tested. In 1758 the cmet appeared in the sky. Halley did nt see it, fr he had died sme years befre. Ever since then that cmet has been called Halley's cmet, in his hnur.
5. Hw did Halley make his discvery?
A. By ding experiments.
B. By means f his wn careful bservatin.
C. By using the wrk f ther scientists.
D. By chance.
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He studied the bservatins f cmets which ther scientists had made.”可知,哈雷的发现是他在研究其他科学家们的观察中得出来的。故选C。
答案:C
6. When did Halley make a surprising, but crrect predictin?
A. In 1704.B. In 1705.
C. In 1706.D. In 1707.
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He decided that this cmet wuld appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years t g befre Halley's predictin culd be tested.”可知,他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年,而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证,由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。故选B。
答案:B
7. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Halley and ther scientists.
B. The rbit f a cmet.
C. Newtn and Halley.
D. Halley and his discvery.
解析:主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知,文章主要向我们讲述了科学家哈雷以及他发现哈雷彗星的故事。故选D。
答案:D
Ⅴ. 阅读七选五。
D yu want t be a scientist?If yu'd like t be ne, yu shuld lay the fundatin(基础) fr the task ahead. 1.______
Take the necessary classes in high schl. Yu'll need t d well in mathematics. 2.______ Yu can als cnsider ging t a science camp during high schl. There yu'll d mre intensive prjects than yu d in yur regular science classes in schl.
Start ut with the basics in cllege. Yu'll need t take basic curses in bilgy, chemistry and physics t equip yurself with the basics f each science, as well as the scientific methd f bserving and experimenting. Skills in ne r tw freign languages may be helpful as well, in rder t read lder scientific papers that are written in freign languages. 3.______
4.______ After yu've gtten yur feet wet and yu're familiar with the directins this wrk culd take yu, chse a majr in a mre specific branch f science.
Develp yur writing skills. Yu'll als need t write well as a scientist, bth t get mney fr yur research and t publish yur results in scientific magazines. 5.______ Always be reading scientific jurnals and keep up with the field. Yu'll be in thse jurnals yurself, in time. Lk ver their wrk fr structure and the basics f a gd scientific paper.
A. Get a higher educatin.
B. Be patient, and think creatively.
C. There's a guide fr the preparatin wrk.
D. Chse a majr in a field that interests yu.
E. Scientists in the physical sciences use a great deal f mathematics.
F. The mst helpful languages t learn include French, German and Russian.
G. Classes in English in high schl and technical writing in cllege will help yu imprve yur skills.
1. 解析:根据第一段中的“If yu'd like t be ne, yu shuld lay the fundatin fr the task ahead.”并结合下文给出的建议可知,本句承上启下,应为说明有一个关于准备工作的指南。故选C。
答案:C
2. 解析:根据空前一句“Yu'll need t d well in mathematics.”可知,此处是讲数学的重要性,本空说明要学好数学的原因是科学家要用大量的数学知识。故选E。
答案:E
3. 解析:根据空前一句“Skills in ne r tw freign languages may be helpful as well, in rder t read lder scientific papers that are written in freign languages.”可知,此处主要讲应学习一到两门外语,故本空应为列举学习哪些语言。故选F。
答案:F
4. 解析:根据文章结构可知,空处是本段的主旨句,结合下文内容“After yu've gtten yur feet wet and yu're familiar with the directins this wrk culd take yu,chse a majr in a mre specific branch f science.”可知,这里讲的是选专业的问题。故选D。
答案:D
5. 解析:根据本段主旨句“Develp yur writing skills.”可知,本段主要讲的是培养写作技巧,G项中的“technical writing”与本段主旨相符。故选G。
答案:G
subscribe t, attend t, be determined t,
used t, be t blame, s that, in time, thanks t, die frm, in general
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