英语人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Natural disasters精练

这是一份英语人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Natural disasters精练，文件包含Unit4NaturalDisastersReadingandThinking分层作业原卷版docx、Unit4NaturalDisastersReadingandThinking分层作业解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共13页， 欢迎下载使用。

基础巩固
课文词汇翻译
n. 灾难；灾害
n.洪水；大量 vi. 淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
n．& vt. 营救；救援
vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失
vt. 摧毁；毁灭
vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动
n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避（风雨或危险）
n．& vt. 破坏；毁坏
vt.使落入险境/圈套 n.险境；陷阱
vt. 埋葬；安葬
【答案】
1．disaster 2．fld 3．rescue 4．damage 5．destry 6．affect 7．shelter 8．ruin 9．trap 10．bury
课文词块翻译
1．tireless f the city’s peple 市民们不知疲惫的努力
2．shw the 展示出智慧
3．peple were in 人们大为震惊→a (adj. ) news 一个令人震惊的消息→feel (adj. ) 感到震惊
4．t again再次呼吸→a deep (n. )深呼吸→a little breathless(adj. )有点喘不上气
5． frm terrible injuries遭受严重的伤→suffering(n. )痛苦, 折磨
【答案】1. effrts 2．wisdm 3． shck shcking shcked 4． breathe breath 5．suffer
【解析】1． effrts 考查汉译英。对比中英文表达可知，空格处意为“努力”，tireless是形容词，修饰名词，“努力”的名词是effrt，此处指很多努力，因此空格处用复数，故填effrts。
2．wisdm考查汉译英。对比中英文表达可知，空格处意为“智慧”，是wisdm，是不可数名词，故填wisdm。
3．shck shcking shcked考查汉译英。对比中英文表达可知，第一空意为“震惊”，in后跟名词作宾语，“震惊”的名词是shck，是不可数名词；第二空意为“令人震惊的”，修饰news用修饰物的-ing形容词作定语，“令人震惊的”的形容词是shcking。第三空意为“震惊的”，“感到震惊”修饰的是人，第三空用修饰人的-ed形容词shcked作表语，因此第三空是shcked。故填shck，shcking，shcked。
4．breathe breath考查汉译英。对比中英文表达可知，第一空意为“呼吸”，第一空处是不定式，第一空前有不定式符号t，因此第一空用动词原形，“呼吸”的动词是breathe；；第二空意为“呼吸”，deep是形容词，修饰名词，“呼吸”的名词是breath，是不可数名词，故填breathe，breath。
5．suffer 考查汉译英。对比中英文表达可知，空格处意为“遭受”，是动词suffer，故填suffer。
能力提升
用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The sldier met his (die) n the battlefield.
【答案】death
【详解】考查名词。句意：那个士兵在战场上牺牲了。分析句子可知，形容词性物主代词his后应接名词作met的宾语。故填death。
2．The (wise) f the ancient Greek philsphers is timeless, says Supis. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】wisdm
【详解】考查名词。句意：索皮奥斯说，古希腊哲学家的智慧是永恒的。此处作主语应用名词wisdm表示“智慧”，为不可数名词。故填wisdm。
3．Nearly ne (three) f the natin felt the earthquake at that time. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】third
【详解】考查数词。句意：当时全国近三分之一的地区有震感。表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子如是1以上，分母须用复数形式。根据句意，故填third。
4．Chickens were t nervus (eat),and dgs refused (g) inside buildings. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 t eat t g
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：鸡因为太紧张而吃不下东西，狗也拒绝进入建筑物。第一空为句型表示“太……以至于不能……”，t是不定式符号，空一用不定式作状语；第二空refuse t d sth.，用不定式作宾语。故填①t eat；②t g。
5．Thusands f children (leave) withut parents. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】were left
【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：成千上万的孩子变成了孤儿。分析句子可知，谓语动词leave与主语Thusands f children构成被动的关系，且表示已发生的事件，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。故填were left。
6．Rescue wrkers were building (shelter) fr survivrs whse hme had been destryed. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】shelters
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：救援人员正在为房屋被毁的幸存者建造避难所。根据下文的“survivrs”可知，建造的避难所不止一个，空处应用可数名词shelter的复数形式。故填shelters。
7．All the peple present felt at the accident. (shck) (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】 shcked shcking
【详解】考查形容词。句意：所有在场的人对这令人震惊的事故都感到震惊。第一空前的feel表示“感到”，为连系动词，后面加形容词作表语，此处表示“感到震惊的”，表示人的感受，应填shcked；第二空修饰accident，应填-ing结尾的形容词shcking作定语，表示“令人震惊的”。故填①shcked；②shcking。
8．The mrning air is fresh (breath). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】t breathe
【详解】考查不定式。句意：早晨的空气呼吸起来很清新。固定句型sth.+be+adj.+t d，t d用主动形式表被动含义，该空用不定式形式。故填t breathe。
9．The ancient temple has been in (ruin) and needs repairing. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】ruins
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：这座古庙已成废墟，需要修复。in ruins成为废墟，所以空处应用名词的复数形式。故填ruins。
10．The climbers (trap) in the muntain are waiting t be rescued. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】trapped
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被困在山上的登山者正在等待救援。此处trap与climbers构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填trapped。
课文句子翻译
1．数以千计的孩子失去了父母。(句型公式：leave sb＋宾语补足语)
教材原句：Thusands f children were .
【答案】left withut parents
【详解】考查动词的固定结构和时态语态。根据提示可知本句应用固定结构leave sb＋宾语补足语，本句中的sb是Thusands f children ，在本句中作主语，所以谓语应用被动语态结构，所以用left和were构成一般过去时的被动语态，失去了父母，应用介词短语withut parents在本句中作主语补足语，故填left withut parents。
2．仿佛世界末日即将来临。
It the wrld were cming t an end.
【答案】 seemed as if/thugh
【详解】考查固定句型。根据中文意思可知，空处表示的意思为“仿佛”，应用固定句型seem as if/thugh，as if/thugh引导表语从句，根据从句时态可知，主句使用一般过去时，seem应为seemed。故填①seemed；②as；③if/thugh。
3．鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食;狗拒绝进入屋内。(句型公式：t＋形容词＋t...太……而不能……)
教材原句：Chickens and even pigs were , and dgs refused t g inside buildings.
【答案】t nervus t eat
【详解】考查固定句型。“t＋形容词＋t...太……而不能……”为固定句型，“紧张的”的英文为nervus ，“太焦躁不安而不吃”的英文表达为t nervus t eat，故填t nervus t eat。
4．有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。
With strng supprt frm the gvernment and f the city’s peple, a new Tangshan was built upn the earthquake ruins.
【答案】 the tireless effrts
【详解】考查名词和形容词。根据句意，表示“不懈的”应为tireless作定语修饰名词“努力”，表示“努力”应为effrt作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“唐山人们的努力”，所以此处应使用名词复数，且“努力”为特指，其前应有定冠词the。故填①the②tireless③effrts。
慢慢地，这座城市又恢复了生机。(汉译英)

【答案】Slwly, the city began t breathe again.
【详解】考查时态和副词。事情已发生，谓语时态用一般过去时，副词slwly (慢慢地)作状语，begin t d sth. (开始做某事)，动词breathe (呼吸)表示恢复生机，再结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Slwly, the city began t breathe again.
拓展延伸
一、阅读理解
Nbdy expects a natural disaster t strike. Neither des anyne knw the impact it can have n life. The fllwing measures can save yur life in an emergency.
Typhn
Typhns ccur in the nrthwestern Pacific Ocean, particularly in expsed regins like the Carline Islands, the Philippines, and Japan. The best place t hide during a typhn is a secure basement r a bathrm with n windws. A must-have device is a battery-pwered weather radi, thrugh which yu will hear evacuatin rders r in ther cases, instructins n hw t survive in yur shelter and learn abut the weather situatin.
Fld
Flds ccur mre ften than any ther natural disaster and change the landscape dramatically. They are usually caused by intense rainfalls lasting fr days. Dn’t try t be the bravest persn arund and stay in yur huse. Once yu hear the evacuatin warning, leave fr safer higher grunds with yur imprtant papers in a waterprf cntainer.
Avalanche
An avalanche can hit when yu are enjying Alpine skiing in a dreamlike lcatin. It is very fast and disastrus, burying everything in its way under tns f snw. When an avalanche starts, try t mve t the side f the slpe as fast as yu can. If yu get buried in the snw, dig an air pcket t be able t keep breathing. Wait fr the rescue team t find yu and dn’t waste yur energy shuting r digging frantically. Call ut when yu hear the team appraching.
Wildfire
Wildfires spread at an amazing speed and destry everything in their way. If yu are caught in a wild fire, use a wet clth t cver yur nse and muth t ensure that yu can breathe. Try t stay upwind f the fire at all times and get clse t a pnd r river. Stay lw and cver yurself with wet clthing, a blanket, r sil until the fire passes.
1．Amng the fur natural disasters, which ne requires peple t hide indrs?
A．Typhn.B．Fld.
C．Avalanche.D．Wildfire.
2．What shuld thse trapped in typhns prbably d when they hear the evacuatin rders?
A．Get t a basement r windwless bathrm.
B．Find smething slid t hide under.
C．Leave the place where they are.
D．Get a trch in case f a blackut.
3．What d we knw frm the text?
A．Typhns ccur nly in the expsed regins in the nrthwestern Pacific Ocean.
B．Flds cause the mst frequent damage amng the disasters mentined.
C．Thse wh meet with avalanches are advised t call ut the minute they’re trapped.
D．Getting clean air matters mst in the case f wildfires, despite the difficulty.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是在遇到自然灾害时应该怎么挽救自己的生命。
1．A 细节理解题。根据Typhn部分的“The best place t hide during a typhn is a secure basement r a bathrm with n windws.(台风期间最好的藏身之处是安全的地下室或没有窗户的浴室。)”可知，台风时需要人们躲在室内，故选A。
2．C 细节理解题。根据Typhn部分的“A must-have device is a battery-pwered weather radi, thrugh which yu will hear evacuatin rders r in ther cases, instructins n hw t survive in yur shelter and learn abut the weather situatin.(一个必备的设备是电池供电的天气收音机，通过它你可以听到疏散命令，或者在其他情况下，关于如何在避难所生存的指示，并了解天气情况。)”可知，当听到撤离命令时，那些被困在台风中的人可能会离开他们所在的地方。故选C。
3．B 细节理解题。根据Fld部分的“Flds ccur mre ften than any ther natural disaster and change the landscape dramatically.(洪水比其他自然灾害发生得更频繁，并极大地改变了地貌。)”可知，在上述灾害中，洪水造成的破坏最为频繁。故选B。
七选五
Earthquakes can strike withut warning. But many injuries and deaths frm this kind f natural disaster can be prevented if peple fllw these safety tips.
If yu’re inside a building, stay there! One f the mst dangerus things t d in an earthquake is t try t leave a building. 1 Drp t the grund. Get under an bject that is nt easily damaged. Hld n t it until the shaking stps. Yu can als get t a crner frmed by tw walls with yur arms ver yur head. If yu’re in bed when the quake hits, stay there and prtect yur head with a pillw.
2 Dn’t take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric ples r tall buildings. If yu are driving, stp as quickly as pssible and stay away frm verpasses (立交桥), buildings, bridges r anything else that might fall r cllapse beneath yu. 3
If yu are trapped in ruins, cver yur muth with a handkerchief r a piece f clthing. Use yur cell phne t call fr help if pssible. Dn’t shut. Shuting can cause yu t breathe in dust. 4
Be prepared fr aftershcks. 5 Hwever, smetimes they even happen mnths later. Therefre, if yu are nt in a safe psitin (位置) after the first shck, yu shuld mve quickly but carefully t a safer place.
A．If yu’re utside, g t an pen space.
B．Dn’t get int a panic and stay calm.
C．Dn’t park yur car under a tree r any tall bject.
D．Tap n a pipe r the wall s rescuers can find yu.
E．Mst injuries happen when peple inside buildings try t g ut.
F．They can happen in the first hurs after the earthquake.
G．Take a gd hld f yur cell phne in the building.
【答案】1．E 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地震时保持安全的一些技巧。
1．E 上文“One f the mst dangerus things t d in an earthquake is t try t leave a building. (地震时最危险的事情之一就是试图离开建筑物。)”指出，地震时试图离开建筑物是最危险的；E项“Mst injuries happen when peple inside buildings try t g ut.(大多数伤害发生在建筑物内的人试图出去的时候。)”承接前文，指出建筑物内的人试图离开建筑物时容易造成伤害，阐述了地震时试图离开建筑物是最危险的原因；E选项中的“when peple inside buildings try t g ut”与上文中的“try t leave a building”相对应。故选E。
2．A 设空处为段首句；后文“Dn’t take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric ples r tall buildings. If yu are driving, stp as quickly as pssible and stay away frm verpasses (立交桥), buildings, bridges r anything else that might fall r cllapse beneath yu. (不要躲在树下、路灯下、电线杆下或高层建筑下。如果你正在开车，请尽快停车，并远离立交桥、建筑物、桥梁或任何可能在你身下倒塌的东西。)”讲述了一些在户外的安全做法。再结合第二段首句“If yu’re inside a building, stay there! (如果你在建筑物里，就待在那里！)”可知，第二段讲述了在建筑物内的做法，本段主要阐述在户外时应该怎么做，A项“If yu’re utside, g t an pen space.(如果你在外面，就去空旷的地方。)”引领下文，符合语境。故选A。
3．C 上文“If yu are driving, stp as quickly as pssible and stay away frm verpasses (立交桥), buildings, bridges r anything else that might fall r cllapse beneath yu. (如果你正在开车，请尽快停车，并远离立交桥、建筑物、桥梁或任何可能在你身下倒塌的东西。)”讲述了开车时应该立即停车，远离可能坍塌的立交桥、建筑物、桥梁等之上；C项“Dn’t park yur car under a tree r any tall bject.(不要把车停在树下或任何高的物体下。)”承接前文，阐述停车时的注意事项，不要停在任何高的物体之下，符合语境。故选C。
4．D 上文“If yu are trapped in ruins, cver yur muth with a handkerchief r a piece f clthing. Use yur cell phne t call fr help if pssible. Dn’t shut. Shuting can cause yu t breathe in dust.(如果你被困在废墟中，用手帕或一块衣服捂住嘴。如果可能的话，用手机打电话求助。不要喊。大喊大叫会让你吸入灰尘。)”阐述了被困废墟下的注意事项，指出不能大喊呼救，因为这会让你吸入灰尘；D选项“Tap n a pipe r the wall s rescuers can find yu.(轻敲管道或墙壁，这样救援人员就能找到你。)”承接上文，介绍了求救的方式，符合语境。故选D。
5．F 根据上文“Be prepared fr aftershcks. (为余震做好准备。)”和下文“Hwever, smetimes they even happen mnths later. (然而，有时它们甚至会在几个月后发生。)”可知，空处和下文形成转折关系，指出余震会在短时间内发生，F项“They can happen in the first hurs after the earthquake.(它们可能在地震后的最初几个小时内发生。)”符合语境，选项中的代词“They”指代上文的“aftershcks”。故选F。
三、语法填空
Several days befre July 28,1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan. The water in the village wells rse and fell. Deep cracks appeared in the well walls, and even 1 (smell) gas was cming ut f at least ne well. Sme animals als had sme unusual behaviurs. But peple in the city, 2 were asleep as usual that night, didn’t think much f these.
At 3:42 a.m., ne f the mst deadly earthquakes f the 20th century brke ut. It destryed the city and even caused damage in Beijing. In less than ne minute, Tangshan 3 (lie) in ruins. The number f peple wh were killed r 4 (terrible) injured in the quake 5 (be) mre than 400,000. Later that afternn, anther big quake struck Tangshan again. Mre buildings fell dwn. Water, fd, and electricity were hard 6 (get)．
But all the hpe wasn’t lst. Sn after the quakes, teams were rganised t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead. Many mre peple, 7 (include) wrkers and dctrs, came t prvide help. Thrugh all the 8 (effrt), the city began t breathe again.
Tday, 9 new Tangshan was built upn the earthquake ruins, which has prved 10 the entire wrld that in times f disaster, peple must unify and shw the wisdm t stay psitive and rebuild fr a brighter future.
【答案】
1．smelly 2．wh 3．lay 4．terribly 5．was 6．t get 7．including 8．effrts 9．a 10．t
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了1976年唐山大地震的发生及其对城市造成的破坏和人员伤亡，但也强调了人们在灾难中团结一心、积极重建的重要性。最终，新的唐山在废墟上重建，向世界展示了人类的智慧和勇气。
1．smelly考查形容词。句意：井壁出现了深裂缝，至少有一口井甚至冒出了臭气。分析句子，设空处使用smell的形容词smelly作定语，修饰名词，意为“臭的，有难闻气味的”。故填smelly。
2．wh考查定语从句。句意：但是这个城市里的人，那天晚上像往常一样睡着了，并没有把这些放在心上。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词peple，指人，故使用wh。故填wh。
3．lay考查动词。句意：不到一分钟，唐山就成了一片废墟。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。lie意为“躺着，处于”。故填lay。
4．terribly考查副词。句意：地震中死亡或严重受伤的人数超过40万。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语，修饰形容词injured，意为“严重地”。故填terribly。
5．was考查动词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。句子的主语为the number，为单数。故填was。
6．t get考查非谓语动词。句意：水、食物和电都很难得到。句中be hard t d意为“很难去做某事”，形容词后使用不定式作状语，不定式与句子的主语是动宾关系，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。故填t get。
7．including考查介词。句意：更多的人，包括工人和医生，前来提供帮助。分析句子，设空处使用include的介词including与后文的名词wrkers and dctrs构成介词短语，意为“包括”。故填including。
8．effrts考查名词。句意：经过所有的努力，这个城市又开始呼吸了。分析句子，设空处使用名词effrt作宾语，意为“努力”，根据句意和all，此处表示复数意义。故填effrts。
9．a 考查冠词。句意：今天，一个崭新的唐山在地震废墟上重建起来，向全世界证明，在灾难的时刻，人们必须团结一致，展现智慧，保持乐观，重建美好的未来。句中表示“一个崭新的唐山”应该使用不定冠词表示泛指，此处new首字母为辅音音素。故填a。
10．t考查固定短语。句意：同上。句中prve t sb意为“向某人证明”，此处表示“向全世界证明”，故使用介词t。故填t。