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英语人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Natural disasters精品课后作业题
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这是一份英语人教版 (2019)Unit 4 Natural disasters精品课后作业题，文件包含专题10必修第2册Unit4HistoryandTraditions教师版---2025届高三英语总复习人教版2019docx、专题10必修第2册Unit4HistoryandTraditions学生版---2025届高三英语总复习人教版2019docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共56页， 欢迎下载使用。
知识精讲
知识点01 把……和……连接或联结起来
In the 16th century，the nearby cuntry f Wales was jined t the Kingdm f England.16世纪，邻近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。
[例1] The island is jined t the mainland by a bridge.岛上有座桥与大陆相连。
[例2] Hw can we jin this island and that ne?我们怎样才能将这个岛和那个岛连接起来？
[造句]因特网把每个个体和团体都连接起来。
Every individual r grup is jined t the wrld by the Internet.
[知识拓展]
jin in 参加；加入
jin sb. in (ding)sth.
加入某人做某事；和某人一起做某事
jin the club/army/party
加入俱乐部/参军/入党
jin up(with sb.)(与某人)联合，会合
单句语法填空
①We jined pint A pint B in a straight line.
②We plan t jin with the ther climbers n the ther side f the muntain.
③Everybdy has t jin the training.
知识点2 break away (frm sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
Finally，in the 20th century，the suthern part f Ireland brke away frm the UK...最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰的南部脱离了英国……
[例1] Jhn brke away and ran utside，determined never t g t anther dance.约翰离开(舞伴)跑了出去，决定再也不参加任何舞会了。
[例2] It was wrng fr him t break away frm all his gd friends.他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的。
[造句]犯人挣脱了看守。The prisner brke away frm the guards.
[知识拓展]
break dwn 损坏；分解；(汽车)抛锚
break in 非法闯入；插嘴，打断
break int 破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来
break ff 打断；折断；中断(说话)
break ut (战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发
break thrugh 冲突；突破
break up 分解；分裂
用break的相关短语填空
①The tw cuntries are ging t meet t sme barriers t trade between them.
②We had t the huse as we had lst the key.
③The husband and wife are always quarreling and their relatins are ．
④The Unin was cnsisted f several cuntries，ne f which it later because f cnflicts.
⑤The fire during the day，and therefre almst n ne was injured.
知识点3 belng t属于
The fur cuntries that belng t the United Kingdm wrk tgether in sme areas.所属英国的四个国家在一些领域进行了合作。
[例1] Wh des this watch belng t?这块表是谁的？
[例2] China is a develping cuntry belnging t the third wrld.中国是个发展中国家，属于第三世界。
[造句]我过去是一个青年俱乐部的成员。I used t belng t a yuth club.
[知识拓展]
(1)belng in 适于；适宜(放在某处)
(2)belngings n. 财产；所有物；亲戚
单句语法填空/翻译句子
①She packed her few (belng)in a bag and left.
②Hwever，the man， whm the bike belnged，decided nt t keep it.
③这个袋子是我的。 .
[名师点津]
belng t用法两注意
belng t中的t是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“ t”。
知识点4.They use the same flag，knwn as the Unin Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence．像拥有同样的货币和军事防御，他们也使用同一面国旗，即众所周知的英国国旗。
(1)as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
[例1] We can knw mre abut the life f great peple as well as histry and cultures f ther cuntries.
我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。
[例2] As well as being a phtgrapher，she is a talented musician.她不但是个摄影师而且还是个天才音乐家。
[造句]除了摔断了腿，他还伤了胳膊。As well as breaking his leg，he hurt his arm.
[知识拓展]
as well as连接两种词性、结构对等的成分，如对等名词、动词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式等。重点掌握以下要点：
1)as well as连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词根据其前面的名词或代词确定。
2)as well as位于句首，相当于besides，in additin t，后接动词时，用动名词形式。
3)as well as也可以表示同级比较，意思是“和……一样好”，well为副词。
单句语法填空/同义句改写
①Helen，as well as her brthers， (g)abrad already.
②As well as (learn)English，we want t experience life in the USA.
③Students shuld develp their wn interests as well as (d)their schlwrk.
④The child is lively as well as (health).
⑤He didn't perfrm as (gd)as sme f his cmpetitrs.
⑥They visited sme factries，hspitals as well as the schl.
→They visited the schl sme factries and hspitals.
(2)defence n．防御；保卫
[例1] In defence f ur natin，many sldiers lst their lives.为了保卫我们的国家，很多战士献出了生命。
[例2] Mst cuntries have armies fr their defence.大多数国家都有用于防御的军队。
[造句]他搬出马丁·路德·金的名字来为自己的行为辩解。He mentined the name f Martin Luther King in defence f his actins.
[知识拓展]
1)in defence (f ...) 为了保卫(……)
2)defend vt. 保护；保卫；为……辩护
保卫……以免受……
单句语法填空
①We must see t it that there is n gap in ur (defend).
②What talking pints can be raised defence f this argument?
③All ur fficers are trained t defend themselves knife attacks.
知识点5.Almst everywhere yu g in the UK，yu will be surrunded by evidence f fur different grups f peple wh tk ver at different times thrughut histry.几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。
(1)surrund vt.围绕；包围
[例1] Jill was sitting n the flr surrunded by bxes.吉尔坐在地板上，周围摆满了箱子。
[例2] If yu're serius abut wanting t live a healthy life，it's extremely imprtant t surrund yurself with peple wh'll prvide yu with prper emtinal supprt.
如果你真的想过上健康的生活，和能给你提供适当情感支持的人在一起是尤为重要的。
[造句]对于有些人来说，幸福就是被家人和朋友们包围着。
T sme peple，happiness is being surrunded by family and friends.
[知识拓展]
1)be surrunded by... 被……包围、环绕
2)surrund neself with sb./sth. 和某人/某物在一起
3)surrunding adj. 周围的；附近的
4)surrundings n. 环境
单句语法填空/翻译句子
①When I came t the airprt，I saw that the place (surrund)by plice.
②Steve arrived and sat in the frnt rw， (surrund)by his family.
③Standing n the tp，we admired the (surrund)scenes.
④She was faced with a new jb in unfamiliar (surrunding).
⑤他喜欢结交幽默的人们。 .
[小片段填空]
Once upn a time，a king wh was plite t cuntries，lived in a castle by a large frest and having wnderful ．
从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王，他对邻邦十分友好。
(2)evidence n．证据；证明
[例1] There's sme evidence that utdr activities are gd fr us.有证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处。
[例2] The first signs f spring are in evidence.春天的最初迹象已显而易见。
[造句]目前我们没有在其他行星上存在生命的证据。At present we have n evidence f life n ther planets.
[知识拓展]
1)There is sme/n evidence that...
(没)有证据证明……
in evidence 显眼；显而易见
2)evident adj. 明显的；明白的
It's evident that... 很明显……
3)evidently adv. 显然；明显地；清楚地
用evidence的适当形式填空/完成句子
①He hated maths at schl，s it's amazing he became an accuntant!
②It must be t all f yu that he has made a mistake.
③A new study has fund n that sunscreen actually increases the risk f skin cancer.
④很明显，年轻人的教育对一个国家的未来是至关重要的。
educatin f the yung is vital t the future f a cuntry.
[小片段填空]
His ftprints were clearly in the heavy dust，which is the that he had cme here befre.
他的脚印在尘土中清晰可见，这就是他先前来过这里的证据。
知识点6.keep ne's eyes pen (fr)留心；留意
If yu keep yur eyes pen，yu will be surprised t find that yu can see bth its past and its present.如果你留心的话，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。
[例1] Keep yur eyes pen fr a by in a red cap and sweater.你要留心注意一个戴红帽子，身穿红毛衣的小男孩。
[例2] Just keep yur eyes pen and yur muth shut.请你睁大眼睛，闭上嘴巴。
[造句]警方要求居民留意一切不同寻常的情况。
The plice asked the residents t keep their eyes pen fr anything unusual.
[知识拓展]
keep an eye n 照看，照管；留心注意
lk sb. in the eye(s) 直视别人
have an eye fr 对……有判断力/鉴赏力
catch sb.'s eye 吸引某人的注意
完成句子
①We've asked the neighburs (照看)the huse fr us while we are away.
②A red pencilmark n the fifth page (引起了他的注意).
③A gd artist must (对颜色有判断力).
知识点7. everywhere引导地点状语从句
Almst everywhere yu g in the UK，yu will be surrunded by evidence f fur different grups f peple wh tk ver at different times thrughut histry.几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。
[句式分析]
句中everywhere yu g in the UK为everywhere引导的地点状语从句，相当于wherever yu g in the UK。
[例1] Everywhere they lked，nearly everything was destryed.他们无论朝哪里看，几乎一切都被毁了。
[例2] Everywhere he ges，he will nt frget the terrible experience.
无论走到哪儿，他永远也忘不了那次可怕的经历。
[造句]无论去哪儿，我都发现同样的事情。Everywhere I g，I find the same thing.
[知识拓展]
引导地点状语从句的连词有：where(在……地方)，wherever(无论哪里，在任何地方)，everywhere(每一……地方，到处)，anywhere(任何地方)。
完成句子/翻译句子/同义句改写
① ，there are crwds f peple waiting t see her.这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。
②Yu can g ．你可以去任何你想去的地方。
③有志者，事竟成。 .
④我哪儿也看不到它。 .
⑤我们所到之处游客人头攒动。 .
⑥She'll wear fine jewellery everywhere she ges.
→She'll wear fine jewellery she ges.
知识点8.the way后接定语从句
They intrduced the beginnings f the English language，and changed the way peple built huses．他们引进了英语的起源，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
[句式分析]
eq \x(句中the way 后为省略了关系词that 或in which的定语从句。)
[例1] D it the way (that/in which)yu were taught.要按照教你的那样做。
[例2] I was impressed by the way in which she did it.她完成这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。
[造句]使我吃惊的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式。What surprised me was nt what he said but the way he said it.
[知识拓展]
(1)the way 后面的定语从句，关系词若在从句中作状语，相当于“用这种方式/方法(＝in this way)”时，通常不用关系词，偶尔用 that，在较正式的文体里才用 in which 来引导。
(2)the way 后不能用 hw 引导定语从句，但也可以不用the way，而直接用 hw 引导的名词性从句来表达这类意思。
单句语法填空/完成句子
①I dn't like the way yu talk t yur mther and yu must change that way.
②The way was thught f by him f ding the experiment was similar t the way
yu carried it ut.
③ he speaks t his parents.我不喜欢他和他父母说话的方式。
④ was quite simple.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
语法精讲
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表(见教材P114－P115)。
[观察例句]
1．Befre the shw，hundreds f excited visitrs waited in their seats eagerly.
2．Cme and read the pem written by an eightyearld by!
3．I felt myself ften cnfused at first.
4．She had her painting bxed s it was delivered safely.
[归纳用法]
一、过去分词作定语
1．意义
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
a plluted river一条被污染的河流
the watered flwers浇过水的花
(2)只表示完成，不表示被动
fallen leaves落叶
the risen sun升起的太阳
2．位置
单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
A watched pt never bils.
[谚语]心急锅不开。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student wh is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。
3．现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别
现在分词作定语表主动或进行；而过去分词作定语时，表被动或完成。
The car belnging t my uncle was stlen last week.
我叔叔的那辆车上周被盗了。
The bridge built in 2013 was designed by a lcal cmpany.
2013年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。
4．难点突破
三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：
The meeting held yesterday is very imprtant.昨天开的会很重要。
All the members f the team have attended the meeting being held.所有的队员都出席了正在举行的会议。
It is said that there is a meeting t be held in the hall tmrrw.据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。
单句语法填空
①Sme f the peple (invite)t the party can't cme.
②The rm is empty except fr a bkshelf (stand)in ne crner.
③The trees (blw)dwn in the strm have been mved ff the rad.
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1．过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语的关系
过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。
He watched the TV set carried ut f the rm.他看着电视机被搬出了房间。
Last year they had the huse rebuilt.去年他们让人重建了房子。
单句语法填空
①Yu'd better have yur shes (mend).
②The father wants his daughter (teach)the pian.
2．几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)，如see，watch，bserve，find，lk at，hear，listen t，feel，ntice，think等。
I heard the sng sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。
When we gt t schl，we saw the dr lcked.当我们到学校时，看见门锁着。
(2)表示“致、使”意义的动词，如have，make，get，keep，leave等。
They managed t make themselves understd by using very simple English.他们用了很简易的英语以使别人听懂。
Dn't leave thse things undne.要把那些事情做完。
[名师点津]
“have＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示三种含义：
①表示“让某人做某事”
I'll have my hair cut tmrrw.明天我要去理发。
②表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”
He had his wallet stlen.他的钱包被偷了。
③做某事(主语可能参与其中)
I had my huse repaired last week.上周，我修补了房子。
(3)表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词，如like，want，wish，rder等。
The teacher desn't wish such questins (t be)discussed in class.老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。
The plice，finding the film unhealthy，rdered it banned.警察发现这部电影不健康，令其禁演。
单句语法填空
①I saw an ld man (knck)dwn by a car.
②I'd like the jb (d)when I cme back frm the jurney.
③The speaker raised his vice but still culdn't make himself (hear).
3．“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构
在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
With water heated，we can see the steam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。
She std in frnt f him，with her eyes fixed n his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。
单句语法填空
①An ld man was brught in，with his hands (tie)behind his back.
②With all the wrk (d)，I feel very relaxed nw.
4．过去分词/现在分词/不定式作宾语补足语的区别
(1)感官动词后接复合宾语的比较
感官动词(短语)(一感：feel；二听：hear，listen t；四看：see，ntice，bserve，watch)的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)：
see＋宾语＋ eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(\b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(ding sth.看见……,正在做……,d sth.看见……,做了……))\a\vs4\al(（宾语与宾语,补足语之间为,逻辑上的主动,关系）),dne看见……被做（宾语与宾语补足语,之间为逻辑上的被动关系）))
I heard her sing an English sng just nw.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)
I heard her singing an English sng when I passed by her rm yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动，正在进行)
T learn English well，we shuld find pprtunities t hear English spken as much as pssible.
为了学好英语，我们应该寻找机会并尽可能多地听别人说英语。(被动，无时间性)
(2)使役动词make，have，get，keep，let后加复合宾语的比较(以make，have为例)：
①make＋宾语＋ eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(d sth.让……做某事,（宾语与宾语补足语之间为,逻辑上的主动关系）,dne让……被做,（宾语与宾语补足语之间为,逻辑上的被动关系）))
He made his wrkers wrk 12 hurs a day.他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
He tried t make himself understd.他尽量使自己被理解。
②have＋宾语＋ eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(\b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(d sth.使……做某事,ding sth.使……持续, 做某事))\a\vs4\al(（宾语与宾语,补足语之间,为逻辑上的,主动关系）),dne使……被做/遭受（宾语与宾语,补足语之间为逻辑上的被动关系）))
have还可用于have sth. t d结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。
I have smething urgent t infrm yu.我有很紧急的事要通知你们。
(3)with复合结构中补足语的比较
with eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(sb./sth. ding（表示主动、进行）,sth. dne（表示被动、完成）,sth. t d（表示主动、将来）))
Jhn received an invitatin t dinner，and with his wrk finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一个晚餐邀请而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
With a lt f difficult prblems t settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。
单句语法填空
①Listening t music at hme is ne thing，ging t hear it (perfrm)live is quite anther.
②The by made the baby (laugh)by making a face at him.
③She fell asleep with the light (burn).
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The manager was satisfied t see many new prducts (develp)after great effrt.
2．This is the statue f a brave sldier (seat)n a hrse，with a gun n his back.
3．The cars (sell)at the market nw are made in Shanghai.
4．The airprt (cmplete)next year will help prmte turism in this area.
5．The plice will cme sn t take away the (damage)car.
6．Back frm his twyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy t see his mther
(take)gd care f at hme.
7．The meeting (hld)nw is f great imprtance.
8．Gerge telephned a man (call)himself Peter.
9．The new bks (print)in the factry at the mment are mainly intended fr children.
10．The yung man， (tire)f wrking fr thers，is determined t start his wn firm.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
The Amber Rm was given this name because several tns f amber were used t make it.The
1. (select)amber had 2. beautiful yellwbrwn clur like hney.The design f the rm was 3. the fancy style ppular in thse days.It was als a treasure 4. (decrate)with gld and jewels，5. tk the cuntry's best 6. (artist)abut ten years t make.
Later，Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Rm 7. (mve)t a palace utside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.8. (sad)，the Amber Rm 9. (cnsider)ne f the wnders f the wrld，is nw 10. (miss).
写作园地
介绍一个地方
描述一个漂亮或者特殊的地方总体上属于介绍事物的说明文。它的要点内容可包括：地理位置、面积、人口、气候状况、著名的地方以及与众不同之处等。
时态应以现在时为主，人称以第三人称为主。
[基本框架]
开头：介绍该地方的基本信息(位置，面积等)；
主体：描述该地方的一些具体信息(著名的地方，与众不同之处)；
结尾：作者对此地点的感受或总结陈述以吸引读者去旅游。
[常用词块]
1． lcated/is situated＋地点状语 某地位于……
2．＋数词＋metres abve sea level某地海拔为……
3． surrunded by...……周围被……环绕
4． very/quite/extremely the year rund某地气候终年寒冷/炎热/温暖/干燥/潮湿/日光充足/多雨/温和……
5． rich in...，like/such as...……盛产/富于……例如/像……
6． famus/wellknwn fr...……以……著名
7． a (lng)histry f...……有……年的(悠久)历史
8． back t...……可追溯到……
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．It is lcated/lies in...，with an area f...
2．It cvers an area f...，with a histry f...
3．...，lcated cvering an area f...，is ne f China's mst famus scenic spts.
4．The histry back t...
5．It has becme the mst ppular turist attractin since...
★正文佳句
1．There are many places f interest，such as...
2．Yu can enjy...，which has a high reputatin bth at hme and abrad.
3．With...， attracting mre and mre turists.
4．An interesting feature
5．With its pleasant climate，rich natural resurces and beautiful scenery， ne f China's majr turist cities.
6．A trip enable yu t get t knw...
★余味结尾
1． well wrth visiting.
2． a place yu have t visit and the extrardinary view will make yu unwilling t leave.
假定你是英国学生Harry，有一位中国笔友Li Hua想了解一下你的家乡爱丁堡，请你根据提示回复一封电子邮件。
注意：词数80左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Li Hua，
Tday I'm writing t tell yu smething abut Edinburgh which yu asked abut in the last email.
Yurs faithfully，
Harry
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)
1．The pwer f the (个人) is limited while the pwer f the masses is limitless.
2．He then tk the wallet t a (附近的) plice statin after leaving a nte behind t let the wner knw it was safe.
3．The film festival shuld be a real (盛宴) fr film fans.
4．He decided t quit the after quarreling with the manager.
5．The man is (战斗) against the destructin f cultural relics.
6．She herself lived a simple r rather pr life，but she was s t the peple in need f help.
7．Sme f us were t take part in the class activities；thers were nervus and anxius.
8．A waiter is (迎接) the guests at the dr f the pub.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．Many peple were at these .(puzzle)
10．We must take sme measures ur cuntry against invasin.(defence)
11． by trees and flwers，the f the cttage are quite beautiful.(surrund)
12.The the result sftly，but the made me shcked.(annunce)
13．It was evident that the by was by her vice.(fascinate)
14．I lve ，especially the written by the mst famus —Li Bai.(pet)
15．The meeting rm is quite with in it.(crwd)
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
16．医生们尽最大努力救治那些在地震中受伤的人。
Dctrs tried their best t save peple .
17．当他到达停车场的时候，他发现他的车被偷了。
When he arrived at the parking lt， .
18．看到如此可爱的狗被杀死，他的心都碎了。
，he was heartbrken.
19．所有的作业都做完了，他出去玩了。
，he went ut t play.
20．你昨天晚上睡得那么晚，今天发困不足为奇。
Yu stayed up s late last night； .
题组B 能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
The UK，which is als referred 1. as Britain r Great Britain，is a 2. (fascinate) cuntry with a lng histry.It is made up f fur cuntries—England，Sctland，Wales and Nrthern Ireland.The fur cuntries wrk tgether in sme areas,3. they als have sme 4. (different)，such as different legal systems and natinal days.The UK was nce taken ver by fur grups f peple，wh had
great influence n the culture f this cuntry in many ways.Fr example，the Rmans,
6. came in the first century，built many twns and rads all ver the cuntry.The Angl-Saxns 7. (intrduce) the beginnings f the English language.The Vikings left behind the names f many lcatins and the Nrmans had castles 8. (build) all arund England.If yu have knwn the histry and gegraphy f this cuntry，yu will nt 9. (cnfuse) by what these different names mean.Studying the histry f the cuntry will make yur visit much 10. (enjyable)．
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后翻译短文并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：过去分词作定语和宾补)
eq \x(evidence，fascinating，charge，belng t，eager，greet，jin，generus，surrund)
When studying in the UK，I was n lnger puzzled abut when England gt Wales，Sctland and Ireland
t it r when the suthern part f Ireland brke away.The fur cuntries 2. the UK use the same currency and military defence，but they have different legal systems.I saw much
that shwed the Great Britain was invaded by the Rmans，the Vikings as well as the Nrmans，wh left their s-called achievements and influenced the names f lcatins and vcabulary.There were many
places，s I had t keep my eyes pen.Later I traveled t Ireland where I fund myself fascinated by the landscape.It was a feast fr my eyes as if I were appraching a gallery in which I was
5. with beautiful pictures.Every day I was 6. with the rlling muntains dtted with sheep and cattle，the rar f the cean and the scents f flwers.I ften had a sip f wine r beer in small pubs which 7. a small amunt f mney fr their service.Once I talked abut their custms with a crwd f Irish peple wh were interested in ur Cnfucius philsphy，and they were 8. and shared with me a snack cked with butter and hney.The jurney was s striking that I’m 9. t g there again.
题组C 培优拔尖练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It's n secret that Auckland (the largest city in New Zealand) is a diverse city full f different cultures and new research has shwn exactly hw it and the rest f the cuntry are changing.
Mre than 200 ethnic (种族的) grups are recrded as living here and Auckland is cnsidered t have a wider variety f cultural grups than Lndn r Sydney, with 40 percent f its ppulatin made up f different ethnicities.
The changing makeup f the cuntry's ppulatin is featured in the latest NZ Gegraphic magazine, which fcuses n ethnic diversity, age, wealth and attitudes, drawn frm the latest census (人口普查) figures.
Massey University humanities and scial sciences research directr Prfessr Paul Spnley said Auckland's multiculturalism tday is way beynd what experts believed likely a few years ag.
Asian cmmunities, in particular, in New Zealand have almst dubled since 2001, when 6. 6 percent f the Kiwi peple(New Zealanders) were Asian. The prprtin (比例) in Auckland was 14.6 percent. By 2006, 18.9 percent f the citizens in the city were Asian and tday 23 percent identify themselves as Asian.
Natinally, the census shwed 11.8 percent f the ppulatin was Asian－and that figure was increasing.
“The figures are higher than I wuld have thught a few years back，” Mr. Spnley said. “And the healthcare system is attracting Asian wrkers.”
The article als shwed that Kiwis had verall becme mre accepting f migrant cmmunities and particularly f Asian peples. That had been a hugely nticeable change, Mr. Spnley said.
An Asian cmmunity leader Kai Luey in Auckland said there were a number f things that attracted Asians t New Zealand and particularly t Auckland. “The envirnment is clean, there's fresh air and there's safety f 's a gd educatin system here in New Zealand...”
New Zealand was als cnsidered t be a much safer place than many ther cuntries, such as America, Canada and Australia.
1．What change has taken place in Auckland?
A．It has been develping at a higher speed.B．It has started t cntrl its ppulatin.
C．It has begun t value ethnic cultures.D．It has becme a mre diverse city.
2．What is the prprtin f Asians in Auckland nw?
A．Abut netenth. B．Belw nefifth.
C．Nearly nefurth. D．Mre than twfifths.
3．Why d many Asians migrate t New Zealand accrding t Spnley?
A．They need a better educatin.B．They want t live in a safe place.
C．They lve the clean envirnment.D．They hpe t get better healthcare.
4．What d mst New Zealanders think f Asian migrants?
A．They are part f the sciety.B．They are a small ethnic grup.
C．They are very likely t change.D．They are a threat t the cuntry.
B
The United States is ne f the few cuntries in the wrld that have an fficial day n which fathers are hnred by their children. On the third Sunday in June, fathers all acrss the United States are given presents, treated t dinner r therwise made t feel special.
Histrians have recrded that there was a traditin t celebrate a day fr fathers even thusands f years ag. Their study says that 4,000 years ag in Babyln a sn called Elmesu carved a father's day message n a clay card. In his message Elmesu wished his father a lng and healthy life.
Hwever, in mdern times the idea fr creating a day fr children t hnr their fathers began in Spkane, Washingtn. A wman by the name f Snra Smart Ddd thught f the idea fr Father's Day while listening t a Mther's Day sermn in 1909. Having been raised by her father, Henry Jacksn Smart, after her mther died, Snra wanted her father t knw hw special he was t her. Snra's father was brn in June, s she chse t hld the first Father's Day celebratin in Spkane, Washingtn n the 19th f June, 1910.
The nble idea f celebrating Father's Day became quite ppular in the US s much s that President Wdrw Wilsn apprved f the festival in 1916. President Calvin Clidge t supprted the idea but it was President Lyndn Jhnsn wh signed a Presidential Prclamatin declaring the third Sunday f June as Father's Day in 1966.
Mst cmmnly, children give Father's Day cards and flwers t their father. Neckties are a ppular gift n the ccasin f Father's Day. Due t the traditin f giving gifts, cards makers, flrists and gift sellers campaign fr Father's Day Festival in a big way and cash in n the sentiments f the peple.
5．What des the authr intend t d in Paragraph 2?
A．Tell us the stry f Elmesu.B．Supprt the findings f histrians.
C．Intrduce an ld case f Father's Day.D．Prve the surce f mdern Father's Day.
6．What d we knw abut Snra?
A．She created Father's Day in 1909.B．She was abandned by her mther.
C．She refused t celebrate Mther's Day.D．She had a deep affectin fr her father.
7．Hw many years did it take fr Father's day t be fficially declared?
A．Abut 4,000 years. B．Abut 56 years.
C．Abut 61 years. D．Abut 6 years.
8．Which f the fllwing best explains “sentiments” underlined in the last paragraph?
A．Actins. B．Feelings.
C．Activities. D．Incmes.
C
Stnehenge, the wrldfamus circle f stne clumns may have had a brther. A much bigger, lder brther.
University f Bradfrd researchers annunced they had discvered abut 100 stnes cvering several acres and they are thught t have been built arund 4, 500 years ag. The Stnehenge Hidden Landscapes Prject discvered the mnument, which is near Durringtn Walls, als knwn as “superhenge”. Stnehenge, which is believed t have been cmpleted 3, 500 years ag, is abut 2 miles away. “What we are starting t see is the largest surviving stne mnument, preserved underneath a bank, which has ever been discvered in Britain and pssibly in Eurpe，” said Vince Gaffney.
The evidence was fund under 3 feet f earth. Sme f the stnes are thught t have std 15 feet tall befre they were_tppled. “Our radar data has shwn an amazing rw f up t 90 standing stnes, a number f which have survived after being pushed ver, and a large bank placed ver the stnes，” said prfessr Wlfgang Neubauer, directr f the Ludwig Bltzmann Institute fr Archaelgical Prspectin and Virtual Archaelgy.
“In the east, up t 30 survived belw，” he said.“The extrardinary scale and details f the evidence prduced by the Stnehenge Hidden Landscapes Prject, are greatly changing ur understanding f Stnehenge and the wrld arund it，” Neubauer added.
“Everything written befre abut the Stnehenge landscape and the ancient mnuments within it will need t be rewritten，” said Paul Garwd, a scientist and lead histrian n the prject at the University f Birmingham. The findings were annunced n the first day f the British Science Festival being held at the University f Bradfrd.
9．Cmpared t the Stnehenge, the superhenge is believed t be ________.
A．1, 000 years earlier B．1, 000 years later
C．3, 500 years earlier D．4, 500 years earlier
10．What d researchers think f the superhenge?
A．It is the biggest mnument discvered in the wrld.
B．It was built much later than the Stnehenge.
C．It is the largest surviving stne mnument fund in England.
D．It is better prtected than the Stnehenge.
11．What d the underlined wrds “were tppled”mst prbably mean?
A．Set up. B．Pushed dwn.
C．Mved away. D．Brught up.
12．What is the best title f the passage?
A．The Suthern England Has Many Histric Sites
B．The British Science Festival Will Be Held Again
C．Bigger Brther t Stnehenge Has Been Discvered
D．The Prject at the University f Birmingham
Ⅱ.语法填空
In much f Asia，especially the scalled “rice bwl” cultures f China，Japan，Krea，1.________ Vietnam，fd is usually eaten with chpsticks.
Chpsticks are usually tw lng，thin pieces f wd r bamb.They can als be made f plastic，animal bne r metal.Smetimes chpsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chpsticks might 2.________ (make) f gld and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled wrkers als cmbine varius hardwds and metal 3.________ (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chpsticks fr five thusand years.Peple prbably cked their fd in large pts，4.________ (use) twigs (树枝) t remve it.Over time，5.________ the ppulatin grew，peple began cutting fd int small pieces s it wuld ck mre quickly.Fd in small pieces culd be eaten easily with twigs which 6.________ (gradual) turned int chpsticks.
Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius，7.________lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B．C.，influenced the 8.________ (develp) f chpsticks.Cnfucius believed knives wuld remind peple f killings and 9.________ (be) t vilent fr use at the table.
Chpsticks are nt used everywhere in Asia.In India，fr example，mst peple traditinally eat 10.________ their hands.
重点词汇
阅读单词——我会认
1．mansin n．公馆；宅第
2．cemetery n．墓地；公墓
3．philsphy n．哲学
4．descendant n．后裔；后代；子孙
5．heel n．足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
6．currency n．通货；货币
7．military adj.军事的；军用的
8．cnquer vt.占领；征服；控制
9．gallery n．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
10．landscape n．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
11．butter n．黄油；奶油 vt.涂黄油于
12．hney n．蜂蜜
13．ancestr n．祖宗；祖先
14．curtyard n．庭院；院子
15．scent n．气味；气息
16．stew n．炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi.炖；煨
17．sensry adj.感觉的；感官的
18．transitin n．过渡；转变；变迁
19．Wales威尔士(英国)
20．Sctland苏格兰(英国)
21．Nrthern北爱尔兰(英国)
22．Viking n．维京人；北欧海盗
23．Nrman adj.诺曼式的；诺曼人的
24．Rman adj.古罗马的；罗马的 n．古罗马人；罗马市民
25．Irish adj.爱尔兰的；爱尔兰人(或语)的
重点单词——我会写
1．Cnfucius n．孔子
2．individual adj.单独的；个别的n．个人
3．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
4．nearby adj.附近的；邻近的adv.在附近
5．legal adj.法律的；合法的
6．battle n．战役；搏斗vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗
7．prt n．港口(城市)
8．charge n．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电
9．amunt n．金额；数量
10．apprach n．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近
11．ensure vt.保证；确保；担保
12．generus adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
13．psitin n．位置；姿态；职位
14．snack n．点心；小吃
15．eager adj.热切的；渴望的
16．cunty n．(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县
17．feast n．盛宴；宴会；节日
18．rll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动n．卷(轴)；翻滚
19．dt n．点；小(圆)点 vt.加点；遍布
20．cattle n．牛
21．rar vi.& n．吼叫；咆哮
22．cean n．大海；海洋
23．greet vt.问候；迎接
24．pub n．酒吧；酒馆
25．wine n．葡萄酒；果酒
26．beer n．(一杯)啤酒
27．custm n．风俗；习俗；习惯
词汇拓展
1．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled adj.感到困惑的
2．defence n．防御；保卫→defend v．防御；保卫→defensive adj.防御的；保护的
3．legal adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj.不合法的
4．surrund vt.围绕；包围→surrunding adj.周围的→surrundings n．周围的环境
5．evidence n．证据；证明→evident adj.明显的
6．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.达到；实现
7．lcatin n．地方；地点；位置→lcate vt.位于；找……的位置
8．fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v．使……入迷，迷住→fascinated adj.着迷的
9．annunce vt.宣布；通知；声称→annuncement n．宣布；通知→annuncer n．广播员；解说员
10．pet n．诗人→pem n．诗歌→petry n．诗歌(总称)
11．striking adj.引人注目的；显著的→strike vt.打击；攻击；打动 n．罢工
12．crwd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crwded adj.拥挤的
重点词组
1．把……和……连接或联结起来
2．break away (frm sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
3．belng t属于
4．as well as同(一样也)；和；还
5．keep yur eyes pen (fr)留心；留意
重点句型
1．They use the same flag，knwn as the Unin Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。
2．They had castles built all arund England，and made changes t the legal system.
他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
3．Its beautiful cuntryside excites and inspires all，ffering smething fr each f the senses.
它美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。
4．The peaceful landscape f the “Emerald Isle” and its many green cunties is a true feast fr the eyes，with its rlling green hills dtted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
5．With all this beauty，it is nt surprising that Ireland has develped strng traditins that include music，dancing，and dining.
乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓郁的包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮方面的传统就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。
形式
语态
时态
过去分词
被动
完成
现在分词
主动
进行
dne
被动的动作已经完成
being dne
被动的动作正在发生
t be dne
被动的动作将要发生
爱丁堡
苏格兰(Sctland)的首府，政治和文化中心
人口
约50万
面积
260平方千米(square kilmetres)
地理位置
苏格兰的东南部
交通
公共交通十分便利
天气
气候温和(mild climate)
旅游
最受欢迎的旅游城市之一；古老建筑众多
知识精讲
知识点01 把……和……连接或联结起来
In the 16th century，the nearby cuntry f Wales was jined t the Kingdm f England.16世纪，邻近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。
[例1] The island is jined t the mainland by a bridge.岛上有座桥与大陆相连。
[例2] Hw can we jin this island and that ne?我们怎样才能将这个岛和那个岛连接起来？
[造句]因特网把每个个体和团体都连接起来。
Every individual r grup is jined t the wrld by the Internet.
[知识拓展]
jin in 参加；加入
jin sb. in (ding)sth.
加入某人做某事；和某人一起做某事
jin the club/army/party
加入俱乐部/参军/入党
jin up(with sb.)(与某人)联合，会合
单句语法填空
①We jined pint A pint B in a straight line.
②We plan t jin with the ther climbers n the ther side f the muntain.
③Everybdy has t jin the training.
知识点2 break away (frm sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
Finally，in the 20th century，the suthern part f Ireland brke away frm the UK...最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰的南部脱离了英国……
[例1] Jhn brke away and ran utside，determined never t g t anther dance.约翰离开(舞伴)跑了出去，决定再也不参加任何舞会了。
[例2] It was wrng fr him t break away frm all his gd friends.他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的。
[造句]犯人挣脱了看守。The prisner brke away frm the guards.
[知识拓展]
break dwn 损坏；分解；(汽车)抛锚
break in 非法闯入；插嘴，打断
break int 破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来
break ff 打断；折断；中断(说话)
break ut (战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发
break thrugh 冲突；突破
break up 分解；分裂
用break的相关短语填空
①The tw cuntries are ging t meet t sme barriers t trade between them.
②We had t the huse as we had lst the key.
③The husband and wife are always quarreling and their relatins are ．
④The Unin was cnsisted f several cuntries，ne f which it later because f cnflicts.
⑤The fire during the day，and therefre almst n ne was injured.
知识点3 belng t属于
The fur cuntries that belng t the United Kingdm wrk tgether in sme areas.所属英国的四个国家在一些领域进行了合作。
[例1] Wh des this watch belng t?这块表是谁的？
[例2] China is a develping cuntry belnging t the third wrld.中国是个发展中国家，属于第三世界。
[造句]我过去是一个青年俱乐部的成员。I used t belng t a yuth club.
[知识拓展]
(1)belng in 适于；适宜(放在某处)
(2)belngings n. 财产；所有物；亲戚
单句语法填空/翻译句子
①She packed her few (belng)in a bag and left.
②Hwever，the man， whm the bike belnged，decided nt t keep it.
③这个袋子是我的。 .
[名师点津]
belng t用法两注意
belng t中的t是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“ t”。
知识点4.They use the same flag，knwn as the Unin Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence．像拥有同样的货币和军事防御，他们也使用同一面国旗，即众所周知的英国国旗。
(1)as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
[例1] We can knw mre abut the life f great peple as well as histry and cultures f ther cuntries.
我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。
[例2] As well as being a phtgrapher，she is a talented musician.她不但是个摄影师而且还是个天才音乐家。
[造句]除了摔断了腿，他还伤了胳膊。As well as breaking his leg，he hurt his arm.
[知识拓展]
as well as连接两种词性、结构对等的成分，如对等名词、动词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式等。重点掌握以下要点：
1)as well as连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词根据其前面的名词或代词确定。
2)as well as位于句首，相当于besides，in additin t，后接动词时，用动名词形式。
3)as well as也可以表示同级比较，意思是“和……一样好”，well为副词。
单句语法填空/同义句改写
①Helen，as well as her brthers， (g)abrad already.
②As well as (learn)English，we want t experience life in the USA.
③Students shuld develp their wn interests as well as (d)their schlwrk.
④The child is lively as well as (health).
⑤He didn't perfrm as (gd)as sme f his cmpetitrs.
⑥They visited sme factries，hspitals as well as the schl.
→They visited the schl sme factries and hspitals.
(2)defence n．防御；保卫
[例1] In defence f ur natin，many sldiers lst their lives.为了保卫我们的国家，很多战士献出了生命。
[例2] Mst cuntries have armies fr their defence.大多数国家都有用于防御的军队。
[造句]他搬出马丁·路德·金的名字来为自己的行为辩解。He mentined the name f Martin Luther King in defence f his actins.
[知识拓展]
1)in defence (f ...) 为了保卫(……)
2)defend vt. 保护；保卫；为……辩护
保卫……以免受……
单句语法填空
①We must see t it that there is n gap in ur (defend).
②What talking pints can be raised defence f this argument?
③All ur fficers are trained t defend themselves knife attacks.
知识点5.Almst everywhere yu g in the UK，yu will be surrunded by evidence f fur different grups f peple wh tk ver at different times thrughut histry.几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。
(1)surrund vt.围绕；包围
[例1] Jill was sitting n the flr surrunded by bxes.吉尔坐在地板上，周围摆满了箱子。
[例2] If yu're serius abut wanting t live a healthy life，it's extremely imprtant t surrund yurself with peple wh'll prvide yu with prper emtinal supprt.
如果你真的想过上健康的生活，和能给你提供适当情感支持的人在一起是尤为重要的。
[造句]对于有些人来说，幸福就是被家人和朋友们包围着。
T sme peple，happiness is being surrunded by family and friends.
[知识拓展]
1)be surrunded by... 被……包围、环绕
2)surrund neself with sb./sth. 和某人/某物在一起
3)surrunding adj. 周围的；附近的
4)surrundings n. 环境
单句语法填空/翻译句子
①When I came t the airprt，I saw that the place (surrund)by plice.
②Steve arrived and sat in the frnt rw， (surrund)by his family.
③Standing n the tp，we admired the (surrund)scenes.
④She was faced with a new jb in unfamiliar (surrunding).
⑤他喜欢结交幽默的人们。 .
[小片段填空]
Once upn a time，a king wh was plite t cuntries，lived in a castle by a large frest and having wnderful ．
从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王，他对邻邦十分友好。
(2)evidence n．证据；证明
[例1] There's sme evidence that utdr activities are gd fr us.有证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处。
[例2] The first signs f spring are in evidence.春天的最初迹象已显而易见。
[造句]目前我们没有在其他行星上存在生命的证据。At present we have n evidence f life n ther planets.
[知识拓展]
1)There is sme/n evidence that...
(没)有证据证明……
in evidence 显眼；显而易见
2)evident adj. 明显的；明白的
It's evident that... 很明显……
3)evidently adv. 显然；明显地；清楚地
用evidence的适当形式填空/完成句子
①He hated maths at schl，s it's amazing he became an accuntant!
②It must be t all f yu that he has made a mistake.
③A new study has fund n that sunscreen actually increases the risk f skin cancer.
④很明显，年轻人的教育对一个国家的未来是至关重要的。
educatin f the yung is vital t the future f a cuntry.
[小片段填空]
His ftprints were clearly in the heavy dust，which is the that he had cme here befre.
他的脚印在尘土中清晰可见，这就是他先前来过这里的证据。
知识点6.keep ne's eyes pen (fr)留心；留意
If yu keep yur eyes pen，yu will be surprised t find that yu can see bth its past and its present.如果你留心的话，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。
[例1] Keep yur eyes pen fr a by in a red cap and sweater.你要留心注意一个戴红帽子，身穿红毛衣的小男孩。
[例2] Just keep yur eyes pen and yur muth shut.请你睁大眼睛，闭上嘴巴。
[造句]警方要求居民留意一切不同寻常的情况。
The plice asked the residents t keep their eyes pen fr anything unusual.
[知识拓展]
keep an eye n 照看，照管；留心注意
lk sb. in the eye(s) 直视别人
have an eye fr 对……有判断力/鉴赏力
catch sb.'s eye 吸引某人的注意
完成句子
①We've asked the neighburs (照看)the huse fr us while we are away.
②A red pencilmark n the fifth page (引起了他的注意).
③A gd artist must (对颜色有判断力).
知识点7. everywhere引导地点状语从句
Almst everywhere yu g in the UK，yu will be surrunded by evidence f fur different grups f peple wh tk ver at different times thrughut histry.几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四群人在不同的时期统治着英国。
[句式分析]
句中everywhere yu g in the UK为everywhere引导的地点状语从句，相当于wherever yu g in the UK。
[例1] Everywhere they lked，nearly everything was destryed.他们无论朝哪里看，几乎一切都被毁了。
[例2] Everywhere he ges，he will nt frget the terrible experience.
无论走到哪儿，他永远也忘不了那次可怕的经历。
[造句]无论去哪儿，我都发现同样的事情。Everywhere I g，I find the same thing.
[知识拓展]
引导地点状语从句的连词有：where(在……地方)，wherever(无论哪里，在任何地方)，everywhere(每一……地方，到处)，anywhere(任何地方)。
完成句子/翻译句子/同义句改写
① ，there are crwds f peple waiting t see her.这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。
②Yu can g ．你可以去任何你想去的地方。
③有志者，事竟成。 .
④我哪儿也看不到它。 .
⑤我们所到之处游客人头攒动。 .
⑥She'll wear fine jewellery everywhere she ges.
→She'll wear fine jewellery she ges.
知识点8.the way后接定语从句
They intrduced the beginnings f the English language，and changed the way peple built huses．他们引进了英语的起源，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
[句式分析]
eq \x(句中the way 后为省略了关系词that 或in which的定语从句。)
[例1] D it the way (that/in which)yu were taught.要按照教你的那样做。
[例2] I was impressed by the way in which she did it.她完成这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。
[造句]使我吃惊的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式。What surprised me was nt what he said but the way he said it.
[知识拓展]
(1)the way 后面的定语从句，关系词若在从句中作状语，相当于“用这种方式/方法(＝in this way)”时，通常不用关系词，偶尔用 that，在较正式的文体里才用 in which 来引导。
(2)the way 后不能用 hw 引导定语从句，但也可以不用the way，而直接用 hw 引导的名词性从句来表达这类意思。
单句语法填空/完成句子
①I dn't like the way yu talk t yur mther and yu must change that way.
②The way was thught f by him f ding the experiment was similar t the way
yu carried it ut.
③ he speaks t his parents.我不喜欢他和他父母说话的方式。
④ was quite simple.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
语法精讲
过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表(见教材P114－P115)。
[观察例句]
1．Befre the shw，hundreds f excited visitrs waited in their seats eagerly.
2．Cme and read the pem written by an eightyearld by!
3．I felt myself ften cnfused at first.
4．She had her painting bxed s it was delivered safely.
[归纳用法]
一、过去分词作定语
1．意义
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
a plluted river一条被污染的河流
the watered flwers浇过水的花
(2)只表示完成，不表示被动
fallen leaves落叶
the risen sun升起的太阳
2．位置
单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
A watched pt never bils.
[谚语]心急锅不开。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
＝The student wh is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。
3．现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别
现在分词作定语表主动或进行；而过去分词作定语时，表被动或完成。
The car belnging t my uncle was stlen last week.
我叔叔的那辆车上周被盗了。
The bridge built in 2013 was designed by a lcal cmpany.
2013年建造的这座大桥是由一家当地公司设计的。
4．难点突破
三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：
The meeting held yesterday is very imprtant.昨天开的会很重要。
All the members f the team have attended the meeting being held.所有的队员都出席了正在举行的会议。
It is said that there is a meeting t be held in the hall tmrrw.据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。
单句语法填空
①Sme f the peple (invite)t the party can't cme.
②The rm is empty except fr a bkshelf (stand)in ne crner.
③The trees (blw)dwn in the strm have been mved ff the rad.
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
1．过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语的关系
过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。
He watched the TV set carried ut f the rm.他看着电视机被搬出了房间。
Last year they had the huse rebuilt.去年他们让人重建了房子。
单句语法填空
①Yu'd better have yur shes (mend).
②The father wants his daughter (teach)the pian.
2．几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)，如see，watch，bserve，find，lk at，hear，listen t，feel，ntice，think等。
I heard the sng sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。
When we gt t schl，we saw the dr lcked.当我们到学校时，看见门锁着。
(2)表示“致、使”意义的动词，如have，make，get，keep，leave等。
They managed t make themselves understd by using very simple English.他们用了很简易的英语以使别人听懂。
Dn't leave thse things undne.要把那些事情做完。
[名师点津]
“have＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示三种含义：
①表示“让某人做某事”
I'll have my hair cut tmrrw.明天我要去理发。
②表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”
He had his wallet stlen.他的钱包被偷了。
③做某事(主语可能参与其中)
I had my huse repaired last week.上周，我修补了房子。
(3)表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词，如like，want，wish，rder等。
The teacher desn't wish such questins (t be)discussed in class.老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。
The plice，finding the film unhealthy，rdered it banned.警察发现这部电影不健康，令其禁演。
单句语法填空
①I saw an ld man (knck)dwn by a car.
②I'd like the jb (d)when I cme back frm the jurney.
③The speaker raised his vice but still culdn't make himself (hear).
3．“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构
在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
With water heated，we can see the steam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。
She std in frnt f him，with her eyes fixed n his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他的脸。
单句语法填空
①An ld man was brught in，with his hands (tie)behind his back.
②With all the wrk (d)，I feel very relaxed nw.
4．过去分词/现在分词/不定式作宾语补足语的区别
(1)感官动词后接复合宾语的比较
感官动词(短语)(一感：feel；二听：hear，listen t；四看：see，ntice，bserve，watch)的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)：
see＋宾语＋ eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(\b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(ding sth.看见……,正在做……,d sth.看见……,做了……))\a\vs4\al(（宾语与宾语,补足语之间为,逻辑上的主动,关系）),dne看见……被做（宾语与宾语补足语,之间为逻辑上的被动关系）))
I heard her sing an English sng just nw.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)
I heard her singing an English sng when I passed by her rm yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动，正在进行)
T learn English well，we shuld find pprtunities t hear English spken as much as pssible.
为了学好英语，我们应该寻找机会并尽可能多地听别人说英语。(被动，无时间性)
(2)使役动词make，have，get，keep，let后加复合宾语的比较(以make，have为例)：
①make＋宾语＋ eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(d sth.让……做某事,（宾语与宾语补足语之间为,逻辑上的主动关系）,dne让……被做,（宾语与宾语补足语之间为,逻辑上的被动关系）))
He made his wrkers wrk 12 hurs a day.他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
He tried t make himself understd.他尽量使自己被理解。
②have＋宾语＋ eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(\b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(d sth.使……做某事,ding sth.使……持续, 做某事))\a\vs4\al(（宾语与宾语,补足语之间,为逻辑上的,主动关系）),dne使……被做/遭受（宾语与宾语,补足语之间为逻辑上的被动关系）))
have还可用于have sth. t d结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。
I have smething urgent t infrm yu.我有很紧急的事要通知你们。
(3)with复合结构中补足语的比较
with eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(sb./sth. ding（表示主动、进行）,sth. dne（表示被动、完成）,sth. t d（表示主动、将来）))
Jhn received an invitatin t dinner，and with his wrk finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一个晚餐邀请而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
With a lt f difficult prblems t settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。
单句语法填空
①Listening t music at hme is ne thing，ging t hear it (perfrm)live is quite anther.
②The by made the baby (laugh)by making a face at him.
③She fell asleep with the light (burn).
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The manager was satisfied t see many new prducts (develp)after great effrt.
2．This is the statue f a brave sldier (seat)n a hrse，with a gun n his back.
3．The cars (sell)at the market nw are made in Shanghai.
4．The airprt (cmplete)next year will help prmte turism in this area.
5．The plice will cme sn t take away the (damage)car.
6．Back frm his twyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy t see his mther
(take)gd care f at hme.
7．The meeting (hld)nw is f great imprtance.
8．Gerge telephned a man (call)himself Peter.
9．The new bks (print)in the factry at the mment are mainly intended fr children.
10．The yung man， (tire)f wrking fr thers，is determined t start his wn firm.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
The Amber Rm was given this name because several tns f amber were used t make it.The
1. (select)amber had 2. beautiful yellwbrwn clur like hney.The design f the rm was 3. the fancy style ppular in thse days.It was als a treasure 4. (decrate)with gld and jewels，5. tk the cuntry's best 6. (artist)abut ten years t make.
Later，Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Rm 7. (mve)t a palace utside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.8. (sad)，the Amber Rm 9. (cnsider)ne f the wnders f the wrld，is nw 10. (miss).
写作园地
介绍一个地方
描述一个漂亮或者特殊的地方总体上属于介绍事物的说明文。它的要点内容可包括：地理位置、面积、人口、气候状况、著名的地方以及与众不同之处等。
时态应以现在时为主，人称以第三人称为主。
[基本框架]
开头：介绍该地方的基本信息(位置，面积等)；
主体：描述该地方的一些具体信息(著名的地方，与众不同之处)；
结尾：作者对此地点的感受或总结陈述以吸引读者去旅游。
[常用词块]
1． lcated/is situated＋地点状语 某地位于……
2．＋数词＋metres abve sea level某地海拔为……
3． surrunded by...……周围被……环绕
4． very/quite/extremely the year rund某地气候终年寒冷/炎热/温暖/干燥/潮湿/日光充足/多雨/温和……
5． rich in...，like/such as...……盛产/富于……例如/像……
6． famus/wellknwn fr...……以……著名
7． a (lng)histry f...……有……年的(悠久)历史
8． back t...……可追溯到……
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．It is lcated/lies in...，with an area f...
2．It cvers an area f...，with a histry f...
3．...，lcated cvering an area f...，is ne f China's mst famus scenic spts.
4．The histry back t...
5．It has becme the mst ppular turist attractin since...
★正文佳句
1．There are many places f interest，such as...
2．Yu can enjy...，which has a high reputatin bth at hme and abrad.
3．With...， attracting mre and mre turists.
4．An interesting feature
5．With its pleasant climate，rich natural resurces and beautiful scenery， ne f China's majr turist cities.
6．A trip enable yu t get t knw...
★余味结尾
1． well wrth visiting.
2． a place yu have t visit and the extrardinary view will make yu unwilling t leave.
假定你是英国学生Harry，有一位中国笔友Li Hua想了解一下你的家乡爱丁堡，请你根据提示回复一封电子邮件。
注意：词数80左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Li Hua，
Tday I'm writing t tell yu smething abut Edinburgh which yu asked abut in the last email.
Yurs faithfully，
Harry
分层提分
题组A 基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)
1．The pwer f the (个人) is limited while the pwer f the masses is limitless.
2．He then tk the wallet t a (附近的) plice statin after leaving a nte behind t let the wner knw it was safe.
3．The film festival shuld be a real (盛宴) fr film fans.
4．He decided t quit the after quarreling with the manager.
5．The man is (战斗) against the destructin f cultural relics.
6．She herself lived a simple r rather pr life，but she was s t the peple in need f help.
7．Sme f us were t take part in the class activities；thers were nervus and anxius.
8．A waiter is (迎接) the guests at the dr f the pub.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．Many peple were at these .(puzzle)
10．We must take sme measures ur cuntry against invasin.(defence)
11． by trees and flwers，the f the cttage are quite beautiful.(surrund)
12.The the result sftly，but the made me shcked.(annunce)
13．It was evident that the by was by her vice.(fascinate)
14．I lve ，especially the written by the mst famus —Li Bai.(pet)
15．The meeting rm is quite with in it.(crwd)
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
16．医生们尽最大努力救治那些在地震中受伤的人。
Dctrs tried their best t save peple .
17．当他到达停车场的时候，他发现他的车被偷了。
When he arrived at the parking lt， .
18．看到如此可爱的狗被杀死，他的心都碎了。
，he was heartbrken.
19．所有的作业都做完了，他出去玩了。
，he went ut t play.
20．你昨天晚上睡得那么晚，今天发困不足为奇。
Yu stayed up s late last night； .
题组B 能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
The UK，which is als referred 1. as Britain r Great Britain，is a 2. (fascinate) cuntry with a lng histry.It is made up f fur cuntries—England，Sctland，Wales and Nrthern Ireland.The fur cuntries wrk tgether in sme areas,3. they als have sme 4. (different)，such as different legal systems and natinal days.The UK was nce taken ver by fur grups f peple，wh had
great influence n the culture f this cuntry in many ways.Fr example，the Rmans,
6. came in the first century，built many twns and rads all ver the cuntry.The Angl-Saxns 7. (intrduce) the beginnings f the English language.The Vikings left behind the names f many lcatins and the Nrmans had castles 8. (build) all arund England.If yu have knwn the histry and gegraphy f this cuntry，yu will nt 9. (cnfuse) by what these different names mean.Studying the histry f the cuntry will make yur visit much 10. (enjyable)．
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后翻译短文并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：过去分词作定语和宾补)
eq \x(evidence，fascinating，charge，belng t，eager，greet，jin，generus，surrund)
When studying in the UK，I was n lnger puzzled abut when England gt Wales，Sctland and Ireland
t it r when the suthern part f Ireland brke away.The fur cuntries 2. the UK use the same currency and military defence，but they have different legal systems.I saw much
that shwed the Great Britain was invaded by the Rmans，the Vikings as well as the Nrmans，wh left their s-called achievements and influenced the names f lcatins and vcabulary.There were many
places，s I had t keep my eyes pen.Later I traveled t Ireland where I fund myself fascinated by the landscape.It was a feast fr my eyes as if I were appraching a gallery in which I was
5. with beautiful pictures.Every day I was 6. with the rlling muntains dtted with sheep and cattle，the rar f the cean and the scents f flwers.I ften had a sip f wine r beer in small pubs which 7. a small amunt f mney fr their service.Once I talked abut their custms with a crwd f Irish peple wh were interested in ur Cnfucius philsphy，and they were 8. and shared with me a snack cked with butter and hney.The jurney was s striking that I’m 9. t g there again.
题组C 培优拔尖练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It's n secret that Auckland (the largest city in New Zealand) is a diverse city full f different cultures and new research has shwn exactly hw it and the rest f the cuntry are changing.
Mre than 200 ethnic (种族的) grups are recrded as living here and Auckland is cnsidered t have a wider variety f cultural grups than Lndn r Sydney, with 40 percent f its ppulatin made up f different ethnicities.
The changing makeup f the cuntry's ppulatin is featured in the latest NZ Gegraphic magazine, which fcuses n ethnic diversity, age, wealth and attitudes, drawn frm the latest census (人口普查) figures.
Massey University humanities and scial sciences research directr Prfessr Paul Spnley said Auckland's multiculturalism tday is way beynd what experts believed likely a few years ag.
Asian cmmunities, in particular, in New Zealand have almst dubled since 2001, when 6. 6 percent f the Kiwi peple(New Zealanders) were Asian. The prprtin (比例) in Auckland was 14.6 percent. By 2006, 18.9 percent f the citizens in the city were Asian and tday 23 percent identify themselves as Asian.
Natinally, the census shwed 11.8 percent f the ppulatin was Asian－and that figure was increasing.
“The figures are higher than I wuld have thught a few years back，” Mr. Spnley said. “And the healthcare system is attracting Asian wrkers.”
The article als shwed that Kiwis had verall becme mre accepting f migrant cmmunities and particularly f Asian peples. That had been a hugely nticeable change, Mr. Spnley said.
An Asian cmmunity leader Kai Luey in Auckland said there were a number f things that attracted Asians t New Zealand and particularly t Auckland. “The envirnment is clean, there's fresh air and there's safety f 's a gd educatin system here in New Zealand...”
New Zealand was als cnsidered t be a much safer place than many ther cuntries, such as America, Canada and Australia.
1．What change has taken place in Auckland?
A．It has been develping at a higher speed.B．It has started t cntrl its ppulatin.
C．It has begun t value ethnic cultures.D．It has becme a mre diverse city.
2．What is the prprtin f Asians in Auckland nw?
A．Abut netenth. B．Belw nefifth.
C．Nearly nefurth. D．Mre than twfifths.
3．Why d many Asians migrate t New Zealand accrding t Spnley?
A．They need a better educatin.B．They want t live in a safe place.
C．They lve the clean envirnment.D．They hpe t get better healthcare.
4．What d mst New Zealanders think f Asian migrants?
A．They are part f the sciety.B．They are a small ethnic grup.
C．They are very likely t change.D．They are a threat t the cuntry.
B
The United States is ne f the few cuntries in the wrld that have an fficial day n which fathers are hnred by their children. On the third Sunday in June, fathers all acrss the United States are given presents, treated t dinner r therwise made t feel special.
Histrians have recrded that there was a traditin t celebrate a day fr fathers even thusands f years ag. Their study says that 4,000 years ag in Babyln a sn called Elmesu carved a father's day message n a clay card. In his message Elmesu wished his father a lng and healthy life.
Hwever, in mdern times the idea fr creating a day fr children t hnr their fathers began in Spkane, Washingtn. A wman by the name f Snra Smart Ddd thught f the idea fr Father's Day while listening t a Mther's Day sermn in 1909. Having been raised by her father, Henry Jacksn Smart, after her mther died, Snra wanted her father t knw hw special he was t her. Snra's father was brn in June, s she chse t hld the first Father's Day celebratin in Spkane, Washingtn n the 19th f June, 1910.
The nble idea f celebrating Father's Day became quite ppular in the US s much s that President Wdrw Wilsn apprved f the festival in 1916. President Calvin Clidge t supprted the idea but it was President Lyndn Jhnsn wh signed a Presidential Prclamatin declaring the third Sunday f June as Father's Day in 1966.
Mst cmmnly, children give Father's Day cards and flwers t their father. Neckties are a ppular gift n the ccasin f Father's Day. Due t the traditin f giving gifts, cards makers, flrists and gift sellers campaign fr Father's Day Festival in a big way and cash in n the sentiments f the peple.
5．What des the authr intend t d in Paragraph 2?
A．Tell us the stry f Elmesu.B．Supprt the findings f histrians.
C．Intrduce an ld case f Father's Day.D．Prve the surce f mdern Father's Day.
6．What d we knw abut Snra?
A．She created Father's Day in 1909.B．She was abandned by her mther.
C．She refused t celebrate Mther's Day.D．She had a deep affectin fr her father.
7．Hw many years did it take fr Father's day t be fficially declared?
A．Abut 4,000 years. B．Abut 56 years.
C．Abut 61 years. D．Abut 6 years.
8．Which f the fllwing best explains “sentiments” underlined in the last paragraph?
A．Actins. B．Feelings.
C．Activities. D．Incmes.
C
Stnehenge, the wrldfamus circle f stne clumns may have had a brther. A much bigger, lder brther.
University f Bradfrd researchers annunced they had discvered abut 100 stnes cvering several acres and they are thught t have been built arund 4, 500 years ag. The Stnehenge Hidden Landscapes Prject discvered the mnument, which is near Durringtn Walls, als knwn as “superhenge”. Stnehenge, which is believed t have been cmpleted 3, 500 years ag, is abut 2 miles away. “What we are starting t see is the largest surviving stne mnument, preserved underneath a bank, which has ever been discvered in Britain and pssibly in Eurpe，” said Vince Gaffney.
The evidence was fund under 3 feet f earth. Sme f the stnes are thught t have std 15 feet tall befre they were_tppled. “Our radar data has shwn an amazing rw f up t 90 standing stnes, a number f which have survived after being pushed ver, and a large bank placed ver the stnes，” said prfessr Wlfgang Neubauer, directr f the Ludwig Bltzmann Institute fr Archaelgical Prspectin and Virtual Archaelgy.
“In the east, up t 30 survived belw，” he said.“The extrardinary scale and details f the evidence prduced by the Stnehenge Hidden Landscapes Prject, are greatly changing ur understanding f Stnehenge and the wrld arund it，” Neubauer added.
“Everything written befre abut the Stnehenge landscape and the ancient mnuments within it will need t be rewritten，” said Paul Garwd, a scientist and lead histrian n the prject at the University f Birmingham. The findings were annunced n the first day f the British Science Festival being held at the University f Bradfrd.
9．Cmpared t the Stnehenge, the superhenge is believed t be ________.
A．1, 000 years earlier B．1, 000 years later
C．3, 500 years earlier D．4, 500 years earlier
10．What d researchers think f the superhenge?
A．It is the biggest mnument discvered in the wrld.
B．It was built much later than the Stnehenge.
C．It is the largest surviving stne mnument fund in England.
D．It is better prtected than the Stnehenge.
11．What d the underlined wrds “were tppled”mst prbably mean?
A．Set up. B．Pushed dwn.
C．Mved away. D．Brught up.
12．What is the best title f the passage?
A．The Suthern England Has Many Histric Sites
B．The British Science Festival Will Be Held Again
C．Bigger Brther t Stnehenge Has Been Discvered
D．The Prject at the University f Birmingham
Ⅱ.语法填空
In much f Asia，especially the scalled “rice bwl” cultures f China，Japan，Krea，1.________ Vietnam，fd is usually eaten with chpsticks.
Chpsticks are usually tw lng，thin pieces f wd r bamb.They can als be made f plastic，animal bne r metal.Smetimes chpsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chpsticks might 2.________ (make) f gld and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled wrkers als cmbine varius hardwds and metal 3.________ (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chpsticks fr five thusand years.Peple prbably cked their fd in large pts，4.________ (use) twigs (树枝) t remve it.Over time，5.________ the ppulatin grew，peple began cutting fd int small pieces s it wuld ck mre quickly.Fd in small pieces culd be eaten easily with twigs which 6.________ (gradual) turned int chpsticks.
Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius，7.________lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B．C.，influenced the 8.________ (develp) f chpsticks.Cnfucius believed knives wuld remind peple f killings and 9.________ (be) t vilent fr use at the table.
Chpsticks are nt used everywhere in Asia.In India，fr example，mst peple traditinally eat 10.________ their hands.
重点词汇
阅读单词——我会认
1．mansin n．公馆；宅第
2．cemetery n．墓地；公墓
3．philsphy n．哲学
4．descendant n．后裔；后代；子孙
5．heel n．足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
6．currency n．通货；货币
7．military adj.军事的；军用的
8．cnquer vt.占领；征服；控制
9．gallery n．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
10．landscape n．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
11．butter n．黄油；奶油 vt.涂黄油于
12．hney n．蜂蜜
13．ancestr n．祖宗；祖先
14．curtyard n．庭院；院子
15．scent n．气味；气息
16．stew n．炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi.炖；煨
17．sensry adj.感觉的；感官的
18．transitin n．过渡；转变；变迁
19．Wales威尔士(英国)
20．Sctland苏格兰(英国)
21．Nrthern北爱尔兰(英国)
22．Viking n．维京人；北欧海盗
23．Nrman adj.诺曼式的；诺曼人的
24．Rman adj.古罗马的；罗马的 n．古罗马人；罗马市民
25．Irish adj.爱尔兰的；爱尔兰人(或语)的
重点单词——我会写
1．Cnfucius n．孔子
2．individual adj.单独的；个别的n．个人
3．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
4．nearby adj.附近的；邻近的adv.在附近
5．legal adj.法律的；合法的
6．battle n．战役；搏斗vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗
7．prt n．港口(城市)
8．charge n．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电
9．amunt n．金额；数量
10．apprach n．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近
11．ensure vt.保证；确保；担保
12．generus adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
13．psitin n．位置；姿态；职位
14．snack n．点心；小吃
15．eager adj.热切的；渴望的
16．cunty n．(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县
17．feast n．盛宴；宴会；节日
18．rll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动n．卷(轴)；翻滚
19．dt n．点；小(圆)点 vt.加点；遍布
20．cattle n．牛
21．rar vi.& n．吼叫；咆哮
22．cean n．大海；海洋
23．greet vt.问候；迎接
24．pub n．酒吧；酒馆
25．wine n．葡萄酒；果酒
26．beer n．(一杯)啤酒
27．custm n．风俗；习俗；习惯
词汇拓展
1．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled adj.感到困惑的
2．defence n．防御；保卫→defend v．防御；保卫→defensive adj.防御的；保护的
3．legal adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj.不合法的
4．surrund vt.围绕；包围→surrunding adj.周围的→surrundings n．周围的环境
5．evidence n．证据；证明→evident adj.明显的
6．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.达到；实现
7．lcatin n．地方；地点；位置→lcate vt.位于；找……的位置
8．fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v．使……入迷，迷住→fascinated adj.着迷的
9．annunce vt.宣布；通知；声称→annuncement n．宣布；通知→annuncer n．广播员；解说员
10．pet n．诗人→pem n．诗歌→petry n．诗歌(总称)
11．striking adj.引人注目的；显著的→strike vt.打击；攻击；打动 n．罢工
12．crwd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crwded adj.拥挤的
重点词组
1．把……和……连接或联结起来
2．break away (frm sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
3．belng t属于
4．as well as同(一样也)；和；还
5．keep yur eyes pen (fr)留心；留意
重点句型
1．They use the same flag，knwn as the Unin Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。
2．They had castles built all arund England，and made changes t the legal system.
他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
3．Its beautiful cuntryside excites and inspires all，ffering smething fr each f the senses.
它美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。
4．The peaceful landscape f the “Emerald Isle” and its many green cunties is a true feast fr the eyes，with its rlling green hills dtted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
5．With all this beauty，it is nt surprising that Ireland has develped strng traditins that include music，dancing，and dining.
乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓郁的包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮方面的传统就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。
形式
语态
时态
过去分词
被动
完成
现在分词
主动
进行
dne
被动的动作已经完成
being dne
被动的动作正在发生
t be dne
被动的动作将要发生
爱丁堡
苏格兰(Sctland)的首府，政治和文化中心
人口
约50万
面积
260平方千米(square kilmetres)
地理位置
苏格兰的东南部
交通
公共交通十分便利
天气
气候温和(mild climate)
旅游
最受欢迎的旅游城市之一；古老建筑众多
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