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高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Welcome unit优秀课件ppt
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Welcome unit优秀课件ppt，共42页。PPT课件主要包含了Lead-in ，不同点句序不一样， 形容词， 现在分词， 名词，不定式，介词短语， 过去分词，SVA，SVO等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Learning bjectives:
At the end f this lessn, students are able t:1.Have a gd understanding f the basic sentence structures and basic cmpnents f a the basic sentence structures—SV; SVO; SP; SV IO DO; SVOC; SVA; SVOA; There t analyze the structure f the sentences frm the and use the basic sentence structures flexibly.
中文：在星期天的早上我吃了早饭。
相同点：都有句子结构成分，主谓宾状
英文：I had breakfast n Sunday mrning.
1. I met my best friend Tm at the statin yesterday.
英语：孔雀型—尾重 要求把字数较多或语法结构较复杂的句子、成分至于句末。
Members f a sentence :
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
(subject)
(predicative)
(adverbial)
(direct bject)
(bject cmplement)
(indirect bject)
主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物。用“S”表示
Cuntry music has becme mmre and mre ppular.We ften speak English in class.One-third f the students are girls.T swim in the pl is a pleasure.Smking des harm t the health.The rich shuld help the pr.When we are ging t have a day ff has nt been decided.It is necessary t master a freign language.
it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语
主语 (S-subject): 表明句子说的是谁或什么情况，一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句等充当。
Twenty years is a shrt time in histry. The pr are nw living in the shelter.Running is gd fr ur health. T study hard is yur duty. She likes dancing. What I want is sme apples .
谓语:说明主语动作、状态或特征。用“V”表示
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。He practices running every mrning. 2、复合谓语：a.由情态动词+动词原形或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。 He can speak English. b.助动词：帮助构成时态和语态，不同时态有不同的助动词,后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。They are talking abut smething. I have seen the film befre.
We study t create a better wrld.I can speak sme English.We are reading bks.He has gne t Beijing.
宾语:表示动作行为指向的对象。用“O”表示
We like music.Hw many dictinaries d yu have? I have three.They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.It began t rain.I enjy walking in the frest.I think he is a gd partner.He gave me a pencil
宾语 (O-bject): 表示动作、行为的对象；宾语一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式等充当；及物动词后称为动词宾语，介词后称为介词宾语；有些动词可接双宾语 (即直接宾语 → 常指物，和间接宾语 → 常指人)。
在动词后方所跟的双宾语中，表示物的叫做直接宾语direct bject（简称“直宾”），表示人的叫做间接宾语(indirect bject)。He read us the text. → He read the text t us.My sister wrte me a letter. → My sister wrte a letter t me.Henry teaches us English. → Henry teaches English t us.My mther bught me a watch. → My mther bught a watch fr me.Her mther made her a cake. → Her mther made a cake fr her.
直接宾语 direct bject 间接宾语indirect bject
人是间接宾语，物是直接宾语
1.They saw an exhibitin yesterday.2. Hw many dictinaries d yu have? I have five.3. She wants t jin the club.4. I enjyed listening t ppular music.5. I think he is fit fr his ffice.6. Peple find it imprtant t get a gd educatin.7. He tld us a stry.
表语:位于系动词后，说明主语身份、状态等。用“P”表示
My sister is a dctr.Are these pens yurs? The weather has turned cl.The speech is exciting.The price f the shirt is $8.His jb is t edit sme articles.The pencil is in yur bx.Time is up. The class is ver.The truth is that he breaks the glass.
系动词起连接主语和表语作用，本身有一定词义，它和实义动词一样有时态变化，也受主语人称和数的影响。
The day turns lng. He gets angry.He seems ill.It remains a mystery.
常见的系动词：1.be 动词：am, is, are2.状态类系动词：stay, keep, remain, get 等3.感官系动词：feel, smell, taste, sund等4. 变化类系动词：get, becme, grw, g, turn等5. “看起来，似乎”系动词：seem, lk, appear
宾补:补充说明宾语。用“C”表示
His father named him Tutu.The wrkers painted the walls white.Yu cannt frce him t d smething.We saw him entering the rm.We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.
宾语补足语 (Object cmplement): 用来补充说明宾语的情况。英语中有些及物动词接宾语后，意义仍然不完整，还需要一个句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义，状态等，这就是宾语补足语。
They elected me captain f the team. We try t make ur cuntry strng. We fund everything in gd rder there. I shuld advise yu t get the chance. I saw him ging upstairs. They fund the huse brken in.
定语:对名词或代词起修饰，限定作用。
定语 (attribute)：用来修饰或限制名词或代词的成分; 一般可由形容词、非谓语动词、名词、数词、 冠词、介词短语等充当。
a nice girl three cups smething t eat a sleeping baby the burnt fd a cat in the rm a she shp
He is a clever by.His father wrks in a steel wrk.There are 54students in ur class.D yu knwn betty’s sister?He bught sme sleepingpills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spken language is gd.
状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。用“A”表示
1. Hw abut meeting again at six? 2. Last night she didn’t g t the dance party because f the rain.3. I shall g there if it desn’t rain. 4. Mr. Smith lives n the third flr. 5. She put the eggs int the basket with great care. 6. She sat there, reading a bk. 7. In rder t catch up with the thers, I must wrk harder. 8. He was s tired that he fell asleep immediately.9. she wrks very hard thugh she is ld. 10. I am taller than he is.
Light travels mst quickly.We have studied fr 10 years.I am srry t truble yu.He is in the rm making a mdel plane.Once yu begin, yu must g n.
时间状语: at six地点状语: n campus原因状语: because f the rain目的状语: t catch the bus条件状语: if it is sunny方式状语: with great care结果状语: that he slept伴随状语: with a pen in he hand让步状语: thugh he is ld
The basic sentence structures :
主谓 (SV) 主谓宾 (SVO)主系表 (SP)主谓双宾 (S V IO DO)
5. 主谓宾+宾补 (SVOC)6. 主谓状 (SVA)7. 主谓宾状 (SVOA)
8. there be …
SV 主语+谓语(不及物动词)
此句型中 “主语+不及物动词/词组”构成句子的主体部分，不及物动词后不能直接带宾语。注意：有时为了表示发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点或时间等，可以有状语来修饰。
例1 Class begins.
例3 Her mther has gne abrad.
例2 The rain has stpped.
例4 The red sun rise in the east.
不及物动词后面不可直接加宾语。如需要加宾语，需要添加介词
SVO 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
此句型中谓语是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整。注意：一些不及物动词后面加介词相当于一个及物动词，之后可加宾语。
例1 Yu must listen t yur teacher.
例2 My father arrived in Lndn yesterday.
例3 He is laughing at the crippled wman.
例4 I’ll write abut my ftball team in myfuture bks.
SVP 主语+系动词+表语
此类型的句子，谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语性质或状态的表语，才能表达完整的意思。
例1 She became a singer.
例2 My brther is ut nw.
例3 Breakfast smells gd.
SV IO DO 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
常见的可接双宾语的动词有：give, send, bring, we, take, ffer, pass, lend, tell, return, prmise, shw, write, thrw, hand, award, grant等
例2 I bught Tm a birthday gift.
例1 I shwed her my phts.
SVOC主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
在某些及物动词的后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾补才能表达完整的意思。常见的可做宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，介词短语，动词不定式,不带t的动词不定式等
They appinted him manager. They painted the dr green. This set them thinking. They fund the huse deserted.
SVOA 主谓宾+状语
在主谓宾句型的基础上补充时间，地点，原因，条件，方式等信息。
I have my first class at senir high schl .
There are three peple in my uncle’s family. There is a pen and tw bks n the desk. There isn’t a by in the rm. There aren’t any bks n the desk. There’s a lt t explre at senir high. There’s a by sitting under the tree.
该句型可以表示“某地有(存在)某物”，或当我们不知道是谁有……时，也可用该句型。
Practice :
Read the sentences and analyse the structures.
1. The 100-year-ld schl lies in the centre f the city.
2. We must act.
3. The maths hmewrk lks easy.
4. The teacher fund the classrm empty.
这所有着一百年历史的学校坐落于市中心
数学作业看起来挺简单。
老师觉得教室空荡荡的。
5. My mum bught me a new dictinary.
6. Tm is lking frward t meeting the new exchange student.
7. There is an English Crner at ur schl.
8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
There be 句型
我妈妈给我买了一本新的字典。
汤姆期盼遇见一位新的交换生。
在我们学校有一个新的英语角。
在新建的实验室里我们上了一节化学课。
Translate the sentences and analyse the sentence structure.
他在这家公司上班。He wrks in this cmpany. 2. 史密斯先生的话让我印象深刻。Mr. Smith’s wrds impressed me.3. 这个小女孩看起来很害怕。The little girl seemed/lked frightened. 4. 吉姆明天将去这座岛上探险。Jim is ging t explre this island tmrrw.
5. 那个设计者已经给我们发了一封邮件。The designer has sent us an email. 6. 一切都已经改变了。Everything has changed. 7. 明天将有一场关于学习策略的讲座。There will be a lecture n learning strategies tmrrw. 8. 我们必须保持教室干净。We must keep ur classrm clean.
Draw a mind map f sentence members and structures.
Learning bjectives:
At the end f this lessn, students are able t:1.Have a gd understanding f the basic sentence structures and basic cmpnents f a the basic sentence structures—SV; SVO; SP; SV IO DO; SVOC; SVA; SVOA; There t analyze the structure f the sentences frm the and use the basic sentence structures flexibly.
中文：在星期天的早上我吃了早饭。
相同点：都有句子结构成分，主谓宾状
英文：I had breakfast n Sunday mrning.
1. I met my best friend Tm at the statin yesterday.
英语：孔雀型—尾重 要求把字数较多或语法结构较复杂的句子、成分至于句末。
Members f a sentence :
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
(subject)
(predicative)
(adverbial)
(direct bject)
(bject cmplement)
(indirect bject)
主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物。用“S”表示
Cuntry music has becme mmre and mre ppular.We ften speak English in class.One-third f the students are girls.T swim in the pl is a pleasure.Smking des harm t the health.The rich shuld help the pr.When we are ging t have a day ff has nt been decided.It is necessary t master a freign language.
it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语
主语 (S-subject): 表明句子说的是谁或什么情况，一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式、主语从句等充当。
Twenty years is a shrt time in histry. The pr are nw living in the shelter.Running is gd fr ur health. T study hard is yur duty. She likes dancing. What I want is sme apples .
谓语:说明主语动作、状态或特征。用“V”表示
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。He practices running every mrning. 2、复合谓语：a.由情态动词+动词原形或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。 He can speak English. b.助动词：帮助构成时态和语态，不同时态有不同的助动词,后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。They are talking abut smething. I have seen the film befre.
We study t create a better wrld.I can speak sme English.We are reading bks.He has gne t Beijing.
宾语:表示动作行为指向的对象。用“O”表示
We like music.Hw many dictinaries d yu have? I have three.They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.It began t rain.I enjy walking in the frest.I think he is a gd partner.He gave me a pencil
宾语 (O-bject): 表示动作、行为的对象；宾语一般可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式等充当；及物动词后称为动词宾语，介词后称为介词宾语；有些动词可接双宾语 (即直接宾语 → 常指物，和间接宾语 → 常指人)。
在动词后方所跟的双宾语中，表示物的叫做直接宾语direct bject（简称“直宾”），表示人的叫做间接宾语(indirect bject)。He read us the text. → He read the text t us.My sister wrte me a letter. → My sister wrte a letter t me.Henry teaches us English. → Henry teaches English t us.My mther bught me a watch. → My mther bught a watch fr me.Her mther made her a cake. → Her mther made a cake fr her.
直接宾语 direct bject 间接宾语indirect bject
人是间接宾语，物是直接宾语
1.They saw an exhibitin yesterday.2. Hw many dictinaries d yu have? I have five.3. She wants t jin the club.4. I enjyed listening t ppular music.5. I think he is fit fr his ffice.6. Peple find it imprtant t get a gd educatin.7. He tld us a stry.
表语:位于系动词后，说明主语身份、状态等。用“P”表示
My sister is a dctr.Are these pens yurs? The weather has turned cl.The speech is exciting.The price f the shirt is $8.His jb is t edit sme articles.The pencil is in yur bx.Time is up. The class is ver.The truth is that he breaks the glass.
系动词起连接主语和表语作用，本身有一定词义，它和实义动词一样有时态变化，也受主语人称和数的影响。
The day turns lng. He gets angry.He seems ill.It remains a mystery.
常见的系动词：1.be 动词：am, is, are2.状态类系动词：stay, keep, remain, get 等3.感官系动词：feel, smell, taste, sund等4. 变化类系动词：get, becme, grw, g, turn等5. “看起来，似乎”系动词：seem, lk, appear
宾补:补充说明宾语。用“C”表示
His father named him Tutu.The wrkers painted the walls white.Yu cannt frce him t d smething.We saw him entering the rm.We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.
宾语补足语 (Object cmplement): 用来补充说明宾语的情况。英语中有些及物动词接宾语后，意义仍然不完整，还需要一个句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义，状态等，这就是宾语补足语。
They elected me captain f the team. We try t make ur cuntry strng. We fund everything in gd rder there. I shuld advise yu t get the chance. I saw him ging upstairs. They fund the huse brken in.
定语:对名词或代词起修饰，限定作用。
定语 (attribute)：用来修饰或限制名词或代词的成分; 一般可由形容词、非谓语动词、名词、数词、 冠词、介词短语等充当。
a nice girl three cups smething t eat a sleeping baby the burnt fd a cat in the rm a she shp
He is a clever by.His father wrks in a steel wrk.There are 54students in ur class.D yu knwn betty’s sister?He bught sme sleepingpills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spken language is gd.
状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。用“A”表示
1. Hw abut meeting again at six? 2. Last night she didn’t g t the dance party because f the rain.3. I shall g there if it desn’t rain. 4. Mr. Smith lives n the third flr. 5. She put the eggs int the basket with great care. 6. She sat there, reading a bk. 7. In rder t catch up with the thers, I must wrk harder. 8. He was s tired that he fell asleep immediately.9. she wrks very hard thugh she is ld. 10. I am taller than he is.
Light travels mst quickly.We have studied fr 10 years.I am srry t truble yu.He is in the rm making a mdel plane.Once yu begin, yu must g n.
时间状语: at six地点状语: n campus原因状语: because f the rain目的状语: t catch the bus条件状语: if it is sunny方式状语: with great care结果状语: that he slept伴随状语: with a pen in he hand让步状语: thugh he is ld
The basic sentence structures :
主谓 (SV) 主谓宾 (SVO)主系表 (SP)主谓双宾 (S V IO DO)
5. 主谓宾+宾补 (SVOC)6. 主谓状 (SVA)7. 主谓宾状 (SVOA)
8. there be …
SV 主语+谓语(不及物动词)
此句型中 “主语+不及物动词/词组”构成句子的主体部分，不及物动词后不能直接带宾语。注意：有时为了表示发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点或时间等，可以有状语来修饰。
例1 Class begins.
例3 Her mther has gne abrad.
例2 The rain has stpped.
例4 The red sun rise in the east.
不及物动词后面不可直接加宾语。如需要加宾语，需要添加介词
SVO 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
此句型中谓语是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整。注意：一些不及物动词后面加介词相当于一个及物动词，之后可加宾语。
例1 Yu must listen t yur teacher.
例2 My father arrived in Lndn yesterday.
例3 He is laughing at the crippled wman.
例4 I’ll write abut my ftball team in myfuture bks.
SVP 主语+系动词+表语
此类型的句子，谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语性质或状态的表语，才能表达完整的意思。
例1 She became a singer.
例2 My brther is ut nw.
例3 Breakfast smells gd.
SV IO DO 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
常见的可接双宾语的动词有：give, send, bring, we, take, ffer, pass, lend, tell, return, prmise, shw, write, thrw, hand, award, grant等
例2 I bught Tm a birthday gift.
例1 I shwed her my phts.
SVOC主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
在某些及物动词的后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾补才能表达完整的意思。常见的可做宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，介词短语，动词不定式,不带t的动词不定式等
They appinted him manager. They painted the dr green. This set them thinking. They fund the huse deserted.
SVOA 主谓宾+状语
在主谓宾句型的基础上补充时间，地点，原因，条件，方式等信息。
I have my first class at senir high schl .
There are three peple in my uncle’s family. There is a pen and tw bks n the desk. There isn’t a by in the rm. There aren’t any bks n the desk. There’s a lt t explre at senir high. There’s a by sitting under the tree.
该句型可以表示“某地有(存在)某物”，或当我们不知道是谁有……时，也可用该句型。
Practice :
Read the sentences and analyse the structures.
1. The 100-year-ld schl lies in the centre f the city.
2. We must act.
3. The maths hmewrk lks easy.
4. The teacher fund the classrm empty.
这所有着一百年历史的学校坐落于市中心
数学作业看起来挺简单。
老师觉得教室空荡荡的。
5. My mum bught me a new dictinary.
6. Tm is lking frward t meeting the new exchange student.
7. There is an English Crner at ur schl.
8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
There be 句型
我妈妈给我买了一本新的字典。
汤姆期盼遇见一位新的交换生。
在我们学校有一个新的英语角。
在新建的实验室里我们上了一节化学课。
Translate the sentences and analyse the sentence structure.
他在这家公司上班。He wrks in this cmpany. 2. 史密斯先生的话让我印象深刻。Mr. Smith’s wrds impressed me.3. 这个小女孩看起来很害怕。The little girl seemed/lked frightened. 4. 吉姆明天将去这座岛上探险。Jim is ging t explre this island tmrrw.
5. 那个设计者已经给我们发了一封邮件。The designer has sent us an email. 6. 一切都已经改变了。Everything has changed. 7. 明天将有一场关于学习策略的讲座。There will be a lecture n learning strategies tmrrw. 8. 我们必须保持教室干净。We must keep ur classrm clean.
Draw a mind map f sentence members and structures.
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