2024年秋季高三人教版（2019）开学摸底考试英语试卷 B卷(含答案)

这是一份2024年秋季高三人教版（2019）开学摸底考试英语试卷 B卷(含答案)，共18页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Breathtaking Places and Experiences fr 2023
Lking fr yur next adventure? Yu'll find it n ur annual list f the wrld's best destinatins framed by three categries (Adventure, Family, and Culture) fr travelers, and these destinatins fr 2023 are under the radar, ahead f the curve, and ready fr yu t start explring.
Adventure: Adrenaline-pumping utdr excursins
Trek t Chquequira, Peru, an islated Inca site that's under the radar—but sn t be mre accessible. In New Zealand, the cuntry that invented bungee jumping, rekindle yur sense f adventure pst-pandemic. In Austria, hike the crss-cuntry Bergsteigerdrfer netwrk f muntaineering villages t sample lcal culture. Finally, add Revillagiged Natinal Park, Mexic, t yur itinerary. Its prtected waters hld ne f the largest aggregatins f sharks and manta rays in the wrld.
Family: Inspiring jurneys fr all ages
In Switzerland, ride the rails t quaint Alpine twns fr chclate, hiking, and skiing. Help save the turtles in Trinidad and Tbag, ne f the mst imprtant leatherback turtle rkeries in the wrld. In Califrnia, U.S., gather arund a campfire with Glden Gate views at Presidi Tunnel Tps and hike the urban Crsstwn Trail. G bird watching in the avian paradise that is Clmbia, the enchanted land f Disney's Encant.
Culture: Places where histry and heritage rule
Visit King Tut's new hme in Egypt at Cair's Grand Egyptian Museum and see Luxr's Avenue f the Sphinxes. Make a pilgrimage thrugh histry alng Italy's Appian Way, Eurpe's ancient "superhighway". Explre culture and histry—with a side f Lw Cuntry cuisine—at the Internatinal African American Museum in Charlestn, Suth Carlina. See ne f the wrld's largest assemblages f stne statues at Lngmen Grttes, a UNESCO Wrld Heritage site in Henan Prvince, China.
1．Where will yu g if yu want t experience bungee jumping?
A. Chquequira, Peru. B. New Zealand.
C. Austria. D. Revillagiged Natinal Park, Mexic.
2．What will turists d in Trinidad and Tbag?
A. Enjy a campfire. B. Watch birds.
C. G skiing. D. Prtect marine animals.
3．What d the places in the last paragraph have in cmmn?
A. They fcus n histry and heritage.
B. They shw the advantage f the family tur.
C. They are the tp f their kind.
D. They are f the same time.
Myln McArthur is eight years ld. His family belngs t the Pheasant Rump Nakta Natin in the prvince f Saskatchewan. Myln is the nly native child in his class at schl. Until recently, he wre his hair in a traditinal style fr native bys and men: lng braids(辫子). But sme ther children at schl bullied(欺凌)him fr his lng braids.
His mther was wrried. She saw that Myln came hme frm schl crying. She did nt want him t becme depressed, r even suicidal. She knew the number f native children wh had killed themselves had been increasing. S she asked Myln t cut his hair. But befre he did, he made a vide. In it, he spke against the bullies and tld teachers and parents t explain why lng hair is imprtant.
The vide went widespread. In ther wrds, many peple watched it—mre than 1 millin. Myln's vide was the latest part in a lng histry abut native peple and hair. The meaning f hair was different acrss tribes. Many native grups regarded hair as a surce f strength and pwer. But gvernment fficials in the U. S. and Canada have histrically seen native peple's hair differently. Lng hair, they believed, shwed that a persn was wild—nt civilized. The practice has nt ended. Even tday, many public schl systems, prisns and sme wrkplaces require native peple t wear their hair shrt.
Native peple have resisted pressure fr cutting their hair in many ways, including taking legal actin. Recently, they are als—like Myln—using scial media. Myln says that, since he made the vide, tw things have changed. The ther children stpped bullying him. And he decided t grw his hair lng again.
4．What is the main idea f Paragraph 1?
A. Myln was bullied fr his lng hair.
B. Myln is the first persn t live in Canada.
C.Myln is the nly native child in his class.
D. Myln likes wearing lng hair.
5．Why did Myln's mther ask him t cut his lnghair?
A. Because his mther was wrried abut his safety.
B. Because his mther was afraid f his being depressed.
C. Because it was frbidden by the gvernment.
D. Because he wanted t kill himself.
6．What did the gvernment think f the native men's lng hair?
A. Strng.B.Ugly.C.Pwerful.D.Wild.
7．What can we imply frm the last paragraph?
A. Nt nly Myln is fighting fr his traditinal lng hair.
B.Myln was still bullied by sme children.
C. Myln n lnger wre his lng hair.
D. Native peple like Myln nly used scial media t fight.
Cycling is cnsidered ne f the mst efficient ways t travel due t its small carbn ftprint. Many peple are happy t ride a bike in their everyday life. Hwever, better infrastructure （基本设施）and a cultural shift are needed t ensure that mre peple will ride a bike. Bike kitchens are part f a wrldwide mvement that can help with such a challenge.
In bike kitchens, tls, used parts, and repair assistance are prvided t their members. They dnate bikes and have becme spaces fr scial exchange. They als make effrts t imprve basic infrastructure, which plays a key rle in ensuring the safety and cmfrt f cyclists in areas such as the develpment f bike lanes and bike parking. But that alne is nt enugh. Building a cycling culture that is scially accepted t mst, means having significant amunts f peple develping skills f riding bikes.
Cycling has varius benefits, like prmting physical and mental health. Mre imprtantly, the infrastructure needed fr bikes desn't require a huge budget. Besides, bicycles are the mst practical and sustainable means f travel fr shrt and medium distance, and als fr recreatin and sprt. Therefre, a cycling culture appears urgent and significant. Fr individuals in many develped cuntries, transprt can be the largest part f their carbn ftprint. Transprt accunts fr abut ne-fifth f glbal carbn dixide （CO2）emissins. Fr shrt r medium distances, bikes are ne f the lwest-carbn ways t travel. Even mre shckingly, using a bike instead f a car fr shrt trips wuld reduce a persn's travel emissins by 75 percent.
Bike kitchens in particular, extend the lifespan f bikes and their parts. They help build a cmmunity ecnmy that prevents waste generatin, since mst parts are secndhand, fixed, r reused. Either thrugh the supply f tls, parts, wrkshps, fixing sessins, r bikes fr free, bike kitchens encurage a mre sustainable way f traveling that makes cities friendlier, while strengthening cmmunity values.
8．Which f the fllwing can be dne in bike kitchens？
A.Exchanging bikes.B.Teaching thers t ride bikes.
C.Purchasing the new parts.D.Develping riding skills.
9．What des the authr want t stress in the text？
A.Cycling is a sustainable way t travel.
B.Transprt is still a challenging prblem.
C.Everyne shuld have an ec-friendly travel.
D.Bikes are als suitable fr a lng distance travel.
10．What is the authr's attitude twards bike kitchens accrding t the text？
A.Critical.B.Dubtful.C.Psitive.D.Grateful.
11．What is the main idea f the text？
A.Bike kitchens reduce peple's travel influences.
B.Bike kitchens are helping bst cycling culture.
C.Bike kitchens are gaining ppularity in the wrld.
D.Bike kitchens make cycling accessible t everyne.
Yung kids' brains are very sensitive (敏感的) t their mms' vices, science has shwn. But as kids grw int teens, everything changes. Teenagers' brains are nw mre sensitive t strangers' vices than thse f their wn mms', new research shws.
The researchers studied the brains f 7-t 16-year-lds as they listened t things said by their mms r by unfamiliar wmen. The wrds were gibberish: teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt. Using such meaningless wrds allwed the scientists t study the vices, nt what they were saying. As the kids listened, certain parts f their brains became active. This was especially true in brain areas that help us t find rewards and pay attentin.
Daniel Abrams, a researcher at Stanfrd University, says that yunger kids' brains respnd mre strngly t their mms' vices than t strangers'. Hwever, in adlescence (青春期) , we shw the exact ppsite.
"These areas in the adlescent brains dn't stp respnding t mms "vices, "Abrams explains. "It's just that unfamiliar vices becme mre wrthy f attentin. Here's why: As kids grw up, they widen their scial cnnectins beynd their family. S their brains need t begin paying mre attentin t that wider wrld. "
But mms' vices still have special pwer, especially in times f stress, a 2011 study with girls shwed. Levels f stress drpped when these girls heard their mms' vices n the phne.
The brain seems t adapt t new needs that cme with adlescence. "As we grw up, ur survival depends less and less n ur mms' supprt." says Leslie Seltzer. a bilgical anthrplgist at the University f Wiscnsin-Madisn. "Instead we rely mre and mre n ur friends and thers clser t ur wn age. "
"S while bth teens and their parents may smetimes feel annyed, that's OK, "Abrams says. "This is the way the brain is wired, and there's a gd reasn fr it. "
12．What des the underlined wrd "gibberish" in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Questin. B. Stry. C. Saying.D. Nnsense.
13．Why d teens becme mre sensitive t unfamiliar vices?
A. They need mre cnnectins. B. They desire real understanding.
C. They are tired f their mms. D. They have mre energy t spare.
14．What are mms' vices like t teens accrding t the 2011 study?
A. Exciting. B. Unpleasant. C. Cmfrting. D. Strange.
15．What is Daniel Abrams 'pinin n teens' change in their vice preference?
A. It deserves scientific preventin. B. It is nrmal and understandable.
C. It is discuraging and prblematic. D. It negatively affects their grwth.
二、七选五
16． Like all mammals, whales need t sleep in rder t survive. But they are als air breathers, meaning that they cannt sleep in the water all the time. There are arund 90 different types f whale, which can hld their breath fr abut an hur, depending n the species. Hwever, they usually travel up t the surface t breathe every 15 minutes. ①_______
Sme scientists have fund that whales cannt becme fully uncnscius r they wuld drwn. T deal with living in the water full-time while having t breathe air, these air-breathers have evlved int vluntary nes, as a way t prevent accidentally breathing in water at inpprtune mments. ②_______ Therefre, they have t be awake and alert at all times t prevent themselves frm drwning.
Whales have sme f the largest brains n the planet.③_______ They can actively decide which part f their brains t use at a given time. This particular way f sleeping can be seen mst clearly in captive (圈养的) whales. When whales are sleeping, they can be seen keeping ne eye clsed while the ther remains pen.
④_______Sme species, like sperm whales, enter a deeper sleep where they hang in grups, vertically, nt t far belw the surface fr just ver an hur. Other species, such as the humpback whales, have been bserved resting mtinless at the surface f the water fr nly 30 minutes. ⑤_______And, killer whales, which are very scially cmplex, never swim t far frm the ther members f their pd, sleeping in clse grups.
A. S hw exactly d they get any sleep?
B. They cntinue t swim slwly and regularly.
C. They wn’t lse their bdy temperature by staying still.
D. It’s an interesting dilemma fr whlly cean air breathers.
E. This sleeping technique varies slightly amng species, hwever.
F. Whales cnsciusly cntrl their blwhles with pwerful muscles.
G. Sperm whales in particular have the biggest brain f any living mammal.
三、完形填空（15空）
The first cable car riginated frm San Francisc. They were invented befre the autmbile in the days when hrse-drawn streetcars were the ppular public transprtatin.
One day, Andrew Hallidie, whse father was the inventr f the wire rpe, witnessed a terrible 1 invlving a streetcar fr which it was that 2 the idea f the cable railway. He was wandering arund the street when he nticed a hrse struggling t 3 the streetcar up Jacksn Street. It’s 4 and was dragged back dwn a hill, passengers and gds 5 ut f the carriage. This scene triggered Hallidie t find a 6 way t transprt peple and things.
Back hme, Hallidie 7 strands f wire rpes t make wire cables, believing the cables wuld be 8 enugh t pull the cable cars. Then he fund smene t help him 9 the cars, with difficulty but successfully. He als managed t get the help f William E. Eppelsheimer, a German engineer, wh 10 the first cable car line. Finally, Hallidie btained a frmal 11 frm a lawyer named Benjamin Brks t build a valid system.
August 2, 1873 saw the first trial f the cable car. Originally, Hallidie hired a grip man t perate the car. But after lking dwn the 12 hill, the man refused firmly. Hallidie decided t 13 it by himself frm Jnes Street t Kearney Street by way f Clay Street, knwn as the Clay Street Hill line tday. Abut ne mnth after the test run, the Line pened fr 14 use. Frm then n, ther lines pened in San Francisc as well as in ther U.S cities and cities verseas. Till nw, San Francisc is the nly city where the cable car still 15 .
17．A. accidentB. hrseC. quarrelD. game
18．A. remindedB. cnceivedC. recalledD. cnvinced
19．A. catchB. pushC. kickD. pull
20．A. slippedB. slidC. ranD. jumped
21．A. cllapsingB. fallingC. eruptingD. unflding
22．A. wiserB. rugherC. saferD. brader
23．A. twistedB. revisedC. fixedD. divided
24．A. lngB. thickC. rughD. strng
25．A. manufactureB. sellC. designD. advertise
26．A. tk nB. pulled upC. built upD. laid ut
27．A. annuncementB. permissinC. cmmitmentD. appintment
28．A. wideB. steepC. primitiveD. remte
29．A. fetchB. dragC. driveD. direct
30．A. publicB. persnalC. utsideD. external
31．A. hatchesB. refreshesC. peratesD. casts
四、短文填空
32． Althugh failing t qualify fr the FIFA Wrld Cup finals sccer turnament in Qatar in 2022,China has made a huge ①_____(cntribute) t the largest glbal sprting event.
China was respnsible ②_____ building Stadium 974 in Qatar. It was assembled(组装) frm 974 cntainers by China Internatinal Marine Cntainers in Shenzhen, ③_____ means it can be cmpletely taken apart.
1815 buses, including 888 electric-pwered ④_____(ne), frm Higer Bus C in Suzhu, ⑤_____(deliver) t Qatar last year. It was the first time that new energy buses frm China ⑥_____(use) at a majr glbal sprting event.
⑦_____ wide range f Chinese items were available at the turnament, including key rings, hrns, flags, clthing and shes frm Yiwu, Zhejiang and Jinjiang, Fujian Prvince, as well as firewrks frm Liuyang, Hunan Prvince. If the elements prvided by China fr Qatar event were cntesting a "glbal manufacturing Wrld Cup", "Team China" was ⑧_____(sure) a ppular winner.
Sccer has the pwer ⑨_____(bring) peple tgether and such an ⑩_____(influence) event will bst glbal cnsumptin ptential. Chinese brands are entering the internatinal market in a mre imperceptible(感觉不到的) way and resnating(引起共鸣) with glbal users.
五、书面表达
33．假如你是某学生会主席李华，为了迎接国际志愿者日(Internatinal Vlunteer Day)的到来，请你以学生会的名义向全校师生写一封英文倡议信，号召参加主题为“互助，互爱”(mutual assistance and care) 的志愿者活动。
内容包括：
1. 倡议目的；
2. 活动内容；
3. 呼吁参加。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80 个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Dear teachers and schlmates,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
the Students’ Unin
六、读后续写
34．阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Tw fast friends were Willie and his little dg Bunce. Willie culd never think f taking a walk withut Bunce. Cake and play were equally shared between them. Willie taught his dg many cunning tricks, and ften said that Bunce culd d almst anything in the wrld but talk. Then n a bright summer afternn, Willie had strlled with Bunce dwn t the river, which was nt mre than tw blcks frm his father's stre-Mr. Brwn's stre.
Willie began t thrw stnes int the water, and t watch the ripples(涟漪) as they made ne circle after anther. Bunce lay n the grass, watching the flies buzzing arund his nse, and catching sme that came t near.
There were sme lgs flating in the river near the bank. Willie jumped upn ne f them t see if he culd thrw a stne acrss the river. He drew back and sent the stne with all strength. Just as it left his hand, the lg turned and he fell int the water. He was frightened, fr he did nt knw hw t swim, and there was n ne t hear, thugh he called as lud as he culd fr help.
Nt being a big water dg, pr Bunce ran up and dwn the bank tw r three times, barking, lking first at Willie and then arund.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
Then he started, as fast as he culd run, up the street twards Mr. Brwn's stre.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bunce, sensing Mr. Brwn realizing smething was wrng, headed fr the river.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：B
解析：根据第一个小标题下的In New Zealand, the cuntry that invented bungee jumping可知,蹦极是新西兰发明的,故如果你想去体验蹦极就去新西兰。故选B项。
2．答案： D
解析：根据第二个小标题下的Help save the turtles in Trinidad and Tbag可知,在特立尼达和多巴哥你可以拯救海龟,即游客可以保护海洋动物。故选D项。
3．答案： A
解析：根据最后一段的小标题Culture: Places where histry and heritage rule可知,本段列举的几个旅游地点的共性是它们都突出了历史和文化遗产。故选A项。
4．答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段中的“But sme ther children at schl bullied him fr his lng braids.”可知,第一段交代事情的起因,即迈伦因留长发而受到欺凌。故选A项。
5．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She did nt want him t becme depressed, r even suicidal. She knew the number f native children wh had killed themselves had been increasing. S she asked Myln t cut his hair.”可知,迈伦的母亲是因为害怕迈伦抑郁甚至自杀,所以让他剪掉长发。故选B项。
6．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But gvernment fficials in the U.S. and Canada have histrically seen native peple's hair differently. Lng hair, they believed, shwed that a persn was wild—nt civilized.”可知,政府对于留长发的原住民男性的看法是认为其野蛮且并未开化。故选D项。
7．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Native peple have resisted pressure fr cutting their hair in many ways, including taking legal actin. Recently, they are als—like Myln—using scial media.”可知,不只迈伦一个人在为传统的长发做斗争。故选A项。
8．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Building a cycling culture that is scially accepted t mst, means having significant amunts f peple develping skills f riding bikes.”可知, 骑行文化的建立可以让许多人提升自己的车技。故答案选D项。
9．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“Fr individuals in many develped cuntries, wuld reduce a persn's travel emissins by 75 percent.”和最后一段的“Either thrugh the prvisin f tls,…while strengthening cmmunity values.”可判断,作者在文章中重点强调这个观点：骑自行车是一种非常低碳、可持续的出行方式。故答案选A项。
10．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章的内容可知,作者非常赞同和支持自行车厨房（bike kitchen）。故答案选C项。
11．答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是自行车厨房的益处很多,但最关键的一点是可以推广骑行文化, 从而让更多人爱上骑自行车。比较选项可知, B项最能概括文章大意。
12．答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。根据画线词后文"teebudieshawlt, keebudieshawlt and peebudieshawlt"和"Using such meaningless wrds(用这 些无意义的词语) "可推知，画线词gibberish的意思是“无意义的话”，与nnsensc的意思最为接近。故选D。
13．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段"It's just that unfamiliar vices becme mre wrthy f attentin. Here's why: As kids grw up, they widen their scial cnnectins beynd their family. S their brains need t begin paying mre attentin t that wider wrld.(只是不 熟悉的声音变得更值得关注。原因如下:随着孩子的成长，他们扩大了家庭以外的社会关系。所以他们的大脑需要开始更多地关注更广阔的世界。)"可知，青少年对陌生的声音反应更敏感是因为他们需要扩大自己的社交关系。故选A。
14．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段"But mms' vices still have special pwer, especially in times f stress, a 2011 study with girls shwed. Levels f stress drpped when these girls heard their mms' vices n the phne.(但2011年一项针对女孩的研究显示，母亲的 声音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在压力大的时候。当这些女孩在电话里听到妈妈的声音时，她们的压力水平下降了。) "可推 断，对于青少年来说，妈妈的声音让青少年感到安慰。故选C。
15．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段" "S while bth teens and their parents may smetimes feel annyed, that's OK," Abrams says. "This is the way the brain is wired, and there's a gd reasn fr it."(Abrams说: "所以，虽然青少年和他们的父母有时会感到恼火， 但这没关系。" "这就是大脑的连接方式，这是有充分理由的。")"可推断，Daniel Abrams认为青少年的声音偏爱的变化是正常且可以理解的。故选B。
16．答案：AFGEC
解析：①根据上文“Like all mammals, whales need t sleep in rder t survive.(和所有哺乳动物一样，鲸鱼需要睡觉才能生存)”及“Hwever, they usually travel up t the surface t breathe every 15 minutes.”可知，鲸鱼通常每隔15分钟要浮出水面呼吸，但像其它哺乳动物一样，它们也得睡觉。推测空格处的内容与“鲸鱼如何在这过程中睡觉”有关。故选A项。
②根据下文“Therefre, they have t be awake and alert at all times t prevent themselves frm drwning.(因此，他们必须时刻保持清醒和警惕，以防止自己溺水)”可知，空格处的内容应该与鲸鱼如何避免吸入海水有关， F项“鲸鱼有意识地用强有力的肌肉控制它们的气孔。”是后文鲸鱼避免吸入海水的结果。故选F项。
③根据上文的“Whales have sme f the largest brains n the planet. (鲸鱼有着地球上最大的大脑)”和下文的“They can actively decide which part f their brains t use at a given time. (他们可以主动决定在给定的时间使用大脑的哪一部分)”可知，空格处的内容应该与鲸鱼的大脑有关，G项“抹香鲸的大脑是现存哺乳动物中最大的。”符合此处语境。故选G项。
④根据后文“Sme species, like sperm whales, enter a deeper sleep where they hang in grups, vertically, nt t far belw the surface fr just ver an hur. (有些物种，比如抹香鲸，会进入更深的睡眠状态，它们成群结队地垂直悬挂在水面下不远的地方，仅仅一个多小时)”及“Other species, such as the humpback whales, have been bserved resting mtinless at the surface f the water fr nly 30 minutes. (其他物种，例如座头鲸，已经被观察到在水面上静止不动地休息仅仅30分钟)”可知，E项“然而，这种睡眠技巧在不同鲸鱼种类间略有不同。”总起全段，是全段的总结。故选E项。
⑤根据上文的“Other species, such as the humpback whales, have been bserved resting mtinless at the surface f the water fr nly 30 minutes. (其他物种，例如座头鲸，已经被观察到在水面上静止不动地休息仅仅30分钟)”可知，通过保持静止不动，座头鲸尽量保持体温不变。G项“它们不会因为静止不动而失去体温。”承接上文，符合此处语境。故选C 项。
17．答案：A
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.accident事故;Bhrse马;C.quarrel吵架;D.game游戏。句意:一天，安德鲁·哈利迪(Andrew Hallidie)，他的父亲是钢丝绳的发明者，目睹了一场可怕的事故，涉及一辆马车，正是因为这辆马车，电缆轨道的想法应运而生。由下文"was dragged back dwn a hill (被拖下山)"可知，马车被拖下山，这是发生了一场事故。故选A项。
18．答案：B
解析：way t transprt peple and things.(这一幕促使哈利迪去找到一种(6)的方式来运送人和物)"可知，马车被拖下山这一事故使电缆轨道的想法被构想出来。故选B项，
19．答案：D
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.catch抓住;B.push推;C.kick踢;D.pu拉。句意:当他在街上闲逛时，他注意到一匹马正奋力将马车拉上杰克逊街。与下文"was dragged back dwn a hill (被拖下山)"马车被拖下山相对照，此处在讲马正奋力将马车拉上杰克逊街。故选D项。
20．答案：A
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.slipped(意外而不自主地)滑落，下降;B.slid(在一个光滑的表面持续地)滑动;C.ran跑步;D.jumped跳跃。句意:它滑了一滑，被拖下山，乘客和货物从车厢里掉了出来。由下文"was dragged back dwn a hill (被拖下山)"可知，马应该是滑了一滑才被拖下山的。故选A项。
21．答案：B
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.cllapsing倒塌;B.falling落(到);C.erupting爆发;D.unflding展开。句意:它滑了一滑，被拖下山，乘客和货物从车厢里掉了出来。由上文"was dragged back dwn a hill (被拖下山)"可知，发生了马车被拖下山的事故，乘客和货物肯定也从车厢里掉了出来，才能体现事故场景。故选B项。
22．答案：C
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.wiser更聪明的;B.rugher更粗糙的;C.safer更安全的:D.brader更广泛的。句意:这一幕促使哈利迪找到了一种更安全的方式来运送人和物。由上文语境可知，发生了马车被拖下山的事故，乘客和货物从车厢里掉了出来，这危险的场景使哈利迪想找到一种更安全的方式来运送人和物。故选C项。
23．答案：A
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.twisted扭转;B.evised修正;C.fixed修理;D.divided分开。意:回到家里，哈利迪把几股钢丝绳拧成钢缆相信这些钢缆足够坚固，可以拉动缆车。由下文"strands f wire rpes t make wire cables"可知，此处指哈利迪把几股钢丝绳拧成钢缆，去增加钢缆的结实性。故选A项。
24．答案：D
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.lng长的;B.thick厚的;C.rugh粗糙的;D.strng坚强的。句意:回到家里，哈利迪把几股钢丝绳拧成钢缆相信这些钢缆足够坚固，可以拉动缆车。由上文"strands f wire rpes t make wire cables"可知，把几股钢丝绳拧成钢缆，增加了钢缆的结实性，让钢缆足够坚固以拉动缆车。故选D项。
25．答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.manufacture生产;B.sell卖;C.design设计;D.advertise做广告。句意:然后他找人帮他设计汽车，虽然困难重重，但还是成功了。发明可知，他找人帮他设计电缆汽车。故选C项。
26．答案：D
解析：考查动词短语及语境理解。A.tkn承担;B.pulled up拔起;C.built up建立;D.laid ut铺开，排列。句意:他还设法得到了德国工程师William E.Eppelsheimer的帮助，他铺设了第一条缆车线路。由电缆车的发明和下文"the first cable car line"可知，此处指铺设第一条电缆车线路。故选D项。
27．答案：B
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.annuncement宣布;B.permissin许可;C.cmmitment承诺;D.appintment约会。句意:最后，哈利迪从一位名叫Benjamin Brks的律师那里获得了建立有效系统的正式许可。由下文"a lawyer"和" t build a valid system"可知，律师工作内容与法律许可等相关，哈利迪想建立有效的电缆车系统，是需要获得政府许可的。故选B项。
28．答案：B
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.wide广泛的:B.steep陡峭的;C.primitive原始的;D.remte遥远的。句意:但在看了看陡峭的山坡后，那个人坚决拒绝了。由下文"the man refused firmly"可知，应该是一个陡峭的山坡，看到害怕，那个人才拒绝的。故选B项。
29．答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.fetch拿来;B.dag拖;C.drive开车;D.direct指示。意:哈利迪决定自己开车从琼斯街经过克莱街到科尔尼街，今天被称为克莱街希尔线。由上文"the man refused firmly(那个人坚决拒绝了)"和下文"t by himself"可知，雇佣的人看到陡峭的山坡后拒绝试车，最后哈利迪亲自上阵，自己开车。故选C项。
30．答案：A
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.public公共的;B.persnal个人的;C.utside外面的;D.external外部的。句意:试运行大约一个月后，该线路向公众开放。呼应下文"Frm then n，ther lines pened in San Francisc as well as in ther US cities and cities verseas.(从那时起，其他线路在旧金山以及美国其他城市和海外城市开通)"其他线路向公众开放，试运行大约一个月后，发现安全性很好，该线路向公众开放。故选A项。
31．答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.hatches孵化;B.refreshes刷新;C.perates使运行;D.casts投射。句意:到目前为止，旧金山是唯一一个缆车仍在运营的城市。由上文"The first cable car riginated frm San Francisc.(第一辆缆车起源于旧金山)"和本处语境可知，作为第一辆缆车起源的旧金山，其缆车仍在运营。故选C项。
32．答案：①cntributin②fr③which④nes⑤were delivered⑥had been used⑦A⑧surely⑨t bring⑩influential
解析：①考查名词。句意:尽管未能获得2022年卡塔尔世界杯足球赛决赛的参赛资格,但中国为这项全球最大的体育赛事做出了巨大贡献。make a huge cntributin t是固定搭配,意为"为……做出巨大贡献"。故填cntributin。
②考查介词。句意:中国承建了卡塔尔974体育场。be respnsible fr是固定搭配,意为"对……负责"。故填fr。
③考查定语从句。句意:它由深圳的中国国际海运集装箱(集团)股份有限公司用974个集装箱组装而成,这意味着它可以被完全拆除。此处为非限制性定语从句,指代前面的句子,且从句中缺少主语。故填which。
④考查代词。句意:去年,苏州海格客车有限公司向卡塔尔交付了1815辆客车,包括888辆纯电动客车。此处指代buses,应用ne的复数形式。故填nes。
⑤考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:去年,苏州海格客车有限公司向卡塔尔交付了1815辆客车,包括888辆纯电动客车。根据last year可知,时态应用一般过去时;buses和deliver是动宾关系,应用被动语态;主语1815 buses是复数,谓语动词应用复数形式。故填were delivered。
⑥解析:考查时态和语态。句意:这是中国的新能源客车首次在大型全球体育赛事中使用。It was the first time that…是固定句型,意为"……第一次做某事",从句应用过去完成时;new energy buses和use是动宾关系,应用被动语态。故填had been used。
⑦考查冠词。句意:在比赛中可以买到各种各样的中国商品,包括来自浙江义乌和福建晋江的钥匙扣、喇叭、旗帜、服装和鞋子,以及来自湖南浏阳的烟花。a wide range f 是固定搭配,意为"各种各样的"。注意首字母大写。故填A。
⑧考查副词。句意:如果中国为卡塔尔赛事提供的元素在角逐一场"全球制造业世界杯",那么"中国队"无疑是一个受欢迎的赢家。此处修饰动词 was,应用副词。故填surely。
⑨考查不定式。句意:足球具有将人们聚集在一起的力量,这样一项有影响力的赛事将提升全球的消费潜力。have the pwer t d sth.是固定搭配,意为"有做某事的力量"。故填t bring。
⑩考查形容词。句意:足球具有将人们聚集在一起的力量,这样一项有影响力的赛事将提升全球的消费潜力。此处修饰名词event,应用形容词作定语。故填influential。
33．答案：Dear teachers and schlmates,
As the president f the Students’ Unin, I am thrilled t annunce the upcming celebratin f Internatinal Vlunteer Day n December 5th that serves as a reminder f the imprtance f mutual assistance and care within ur cmmunity.
T cmmemrate this meaningful ccasin, ur Student Unin is rganizing a series f vlunteer activities centered arund the theme f “Mutual Assistance and Care”. These activities will include vlunteering at lcal shelters, rganizing dnatin drives fr thse in need, and spreading kindness thrughut ur campus.
I urge each and every ne f yu t jin us in making a psitive impact n ur cmmunity by participating in these vlunteer activities. Tgether, let’s embdy the spirit f mutual assistance and care, and make a difference in the lives f thers.
the Students’ Unin
解析：1.词汇积累
激动的：thrilled→excited
宣布：annunce→declare
主题：theme→tpic
影响：impact→effect
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：T cmmemrate this meaningful ccasin, ur Students’ Unin is rganizing a series f vlunteer activities centered arund the theme f “Mutual Assistance and Care”. These activities will include vlunteering at lcal shelters, rganizing dnatin drives fr thse in need, and spreading kindness thrughut ur campus.
拓展句：T cmmemrate this meaningful ccasin, ur Students’ Unin is rganizing a series f vlunteer activities centered arund the theme f “Mutual Assistance and Care”, which will include vlunteering at lcal shelters, rganizing dnatin drives fr thse in need, and spreading kindness thrughut ur campus.
【高分句型1】As the president f the Students’ Unin, I am thrilled t annunce the upcming celebratin f Internatinal Vlunteer Day n December 5th that serves as a reminder f the imprtance f mutual assistance and care within ur cmmunity.（运用了that引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】T cmmemrate this meaningful ccasin, ur Students’ Unin is rganizing a series f vlunteer activities centered arund the theme f “Mutual Assistance and Care”.（运用了不定式作目的状语）
34．答案：
Then he started, as fast as he culd run, up the street twards Mr. Brwn's stre. When Bunce reached the stre, the dr was shut, but he scratched at it desperately and barked ludly until Mr. Brwn came t pen it. "What are yu up t, Bunce?" he asked, cnfused by the dg's unusual behavir. At the sight f Mr. Brwn, Bunce caught hld f his clthes, ran t the dr, then back again, catching at him, barking, and jumping. "Where is Willie?" he added, realizing his sn culd be in danger.
Bunce, sensing Mr. Brwn realizing smething was wrng, headed fr the river. Fllwing Bunce, Mr. Brwn dashed t the river anxiusly. Hardly had he reached the bank when he sptted Willie struggling in the water. Withut hesitatin, he jumped int the river, caught Willie just as he was ging t sink and quickly carried him back t the bank. Frtunately, Willie was safe and sund. Having knwn the whle stry, Willie hugged Bunce and thanked him fr saving his life by telling his father t cme t his rescue. N ne seemed t be mre delighted than Bunce.