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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land评课ppt课件
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land评课ppt课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了from，out of，易混辨析，情景助记，catch，hold，to do，for，跳出来，doing等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Later, they tk a pleasant hike in a frest just a shrt distance away.随后,她们在不远处的森林 里愉快地徒步旅行。(教材P38)情景导学It's gd manners t be pleasant t ur guests.对我们的客人友好是有礼貌的。用法归纳be pleasant sb. 对某人友好
特别提醒pleasant既可以表示事物是令人愉快的,也可以表示人是友好的或笑容、声音等是和善的,如:a pleasant climate/evening/place令人愉快的气候/夜晚/地方a pleasant yung man彬彬有礼的年轻人a pleasant smile/vice/manner 和蔼可亲的笑容/声音/态度•I hpe yu'll have a pleasant jurney.祝你(们)旅途愉快。 (写作·旅游)词汇拓展①pleasantly adv.令人愉快地②pleasantness n.愉快•He remembered the pleasantness f the evening.他对那个愉快的夜晚记忆犹新。③unpleasant adj.令人不愉快的;不友好的④please v.使满意;使愉快
•Mary was willing t talk with me abut her wrries, which pleased me.玛丽愿意和我谈谈她 的烦心事,这让我很高兴。⑤pleased adj.高兴的;满意的;乐意的displeased adj.不快的;不满的;生气的be pleased/displeased with...对……满意/不满意•She was displeased with abslutely everything and nthing was right.她对一切都不满意,没有 一件事是对的。 (2020全国Ⅲ改编)⑥pleasing adj.令人愉快的;令人满意的 ⑦pleasure n.愉快;高兴;快事with pleasure (客气地接受或同意)当然了,很愿意;(方式状语)愉快地It's a pleasure./(It's)My pleasure.(用于对别人表示感谢的礼貌回答)别客气/很乐意效劳。
•—Can yu give me a glass f water?—With pleasure.——你能给我一杯水吗?——当然可以。•When she was tld that the custmer was pleased with the pleasing design, a wave f pleasure als welled up inside her.当她得知顾客对那种令人愉悦的设计很满意,一阵喜悦也涌上她的 心头。 (读后续写·情感描写)
The next mrning, the tw girls arse early t take the train t Lake Luise, passing thrugh the Canadian Rckies.第二天早上,这两个女孩早早起床,坐火车穿过加拿大的落基山脉去路 易斯湖。 (教材P38)情景导学Yur illness arse frm/ut f the lack f exercise and yur unhealthy diet, s I hpe yu can take the fllwing suggestins int cnsideratin.你生病是由缺乏锻炼和你的不健康的饮食引起 的,所以我希望你能考虑以下建议。 (写作·建议信)
用法归纳arise / ...由……引起,因……产生特别提醒arise多表示抽象事物的出现、发生,如situatin、cnditin、ccasin、prblem、dispute(争 端)、crisis、need、pprtunity、chance等。•Children shuld be educated when the need arises.必要时孩子应该受到教育。
•When the teacher came int the classrm, all the students arse immediately.当老师走进教 室时,所有的学生立刻站了起来。•The sun was rising when we gt t the tp f the muntain.当我们到达山顶时,太阳正在升 起。•Measures shuld be taken t raise public awareness f envirnmental prtectin.应当采取措 施提高公众的环境保护意识。 (写作·环境保护)
When the train arrived at the statin, they tk a taxi t Lake Luise, where the blue water literally tk their breath away with its exceptinal beauty.火车到站后,她们乘坐出租车前往路 易斯湖,那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽,简直令她们惊叹不已。 (教材P38)情景导学I tk a deep breath and gradually calmed dwn.我深吸一口气,逐渐冷静下来。When we paused t catch ur breath, Steve gt dwn n ne knee.当我们停下来喘口气时,史蒂 夫单膝跪下了。 (2022全国甲)By mile 17, I became ut f breath and the nce injured ankle hurt badly.跑到17英里的时候,我 就气喘吁吁,曾经受伤的那只脚踝疼得厉害。 (读后续写·动作描写)I turned up the vlume and std staring at the radi,hlding my breath and waiting fr the first
ntes f the sng.我把音量调大,站在那里盯着收音机,屏住呼吸,等待着这首歌的前几个音 符。用法归纳① breath喘不过气来 ② ne's breath喘口气③ ne's breath屏住呼吸④take a deep breath深吸一口气⑤take ne's breath away令某人惊叹词汇拓展①breathe v.呼吸breathe in吸气;吸入(气体)
breathe ut呼气;呼出(气体)•Mst peple dn't realize that they are breathing in plluted air, s it is necessary fr us t put up the psters abut envirnmental pllutin.大多数人没有意识到自己正在吸入被污染了的空 气,因此对我们来说张贴这些关于环境污染的海报是有必要的。 (写作·保护环境)②breathless adj.(令人)气喘吁吁的; (令人)屏息的③breathing n.呼吸•Deep breathing exercises will help yu relax.深呼吸运动有助于放松自己。④breathtaking adj.激动人心的;惊人的•What is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.这次经历如此激 动人心之处在于超凡脱俗的景色。 (2021新高考Ⅰ)
They spent the night, and then tk a cach bund nrth thrugh the Canadian Rckies t Jasper.她们过了一夜,然后乘坐长途汽车,向北穿越加拿大的落基山脉,来到贾斯珀。 (教材P38)情景导学Where can I catch the bus bund fr Beverly Hills? 我到哪儿能赶上前往贝弗利希尔斯的巴士呢?She's t bund up in her wrk t have much time fr her children.她工作太忙,没有很多时间陪 孩子。Thrugh this activity, the freign students are bund t gain a better understanding f traditinal Chinese culture.通过这次活动,外国学生一定会更好地了解中国传统文化。 (写作·文化交流）
Right as I was abut t give up, a small truck with a Mexican family inside pulled ver, and the father bunded ut.就在我要放弃的时候,一辆小卡车靠边停了下来,车里有一家墨西哥人,那 位父亲跳了出来。 (读后续写·动作描写)用法归纳 ①be bund sth. 一定会做某事 ②(be) bund ... 准备前往……③be bund in sth.忙于某事;热衷于某事 ④bund ut
特别提醒教材原句中的nrth是副词,所以bund后面没有加介词fr。head作动词时也有类似用法,如流)head fr the airprt 往机场方向走,head west 往西走。
Edmntn is freezing cld in winter, with daily temperatures averaging -10℃.埃德蒙顿的 冬天极为寒冷,日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。 (教材P38)特别提醒freezing既可以作形容词修饰名词,如freezing fg(冰雾),也可以作副词修饰形容词,如上面教 材原句中的freezing cld(极为寒冷)。词汇拓展①freeze v.(使)结冰; (使)冻住; (使)冻死; (因害怕等)停住不动; 惊呆freeze t death冻死•When she heard the news, the smile frze n her face.当她听到这个消息时,她脸上的笑容僵
住了。 (读后续写·神态描写)②frzen adj.冷冻的;冻僵;结冰的;吓呆•Seeing this terrible scene, they were frzen with fear/terrr/fright.看到这可怕的一幕,他们吓 呆了。 (读后续写·神态描写)③freezer n.冰柜;冷冻室 •Frzen bananas will last several weeks, depending n their ripeness and the temperature f the freezer.冷冻的香蕉可以保存几个星期,这取决于它们的成熟度和冰柜的温度。
Hwever, they did nt anticipate seeing such an pen cuntry, and were truly amazed.然而, 她们没有预料到会看到一个如此空旷的国家,确实感到惊讶。 (教材P39)情景导学It is anticipated that the prices will g dwn in the near future.据预测,在不久的将来,物价会降。As the saying ges, “In heaven there is paradise, and n earth there are Suzhu and Hangzhu.” I anticipate ging t Suzhu and Hangzhu with my parents ne day.常言道:“上 有天堂,下有苏杭。”我期望有一天和我的父母一起去苏州和杭州。 (写作·旅游)用法归纳①anticipate ( ) sth. 期望(做)某事;预期(做)某事
②It is anticipated that... 词汇拓展anticipatin n.预料,预见;期望in anticipatin f...预料……的发生•Judy bught many tys in anticipatin f many children taking part in that party.预料到很多孩 子会参加那场聚会,朱迪买了很多玩具。
Well,cntrary t what many peple believe, there are a lt f vast and empty spaces in Chi- na, actually.嗯,与许多人认为的那样相反,事实上中国有很多广阔而空旷的地方。 (教材P43)情景导学On the cntrary, he is nthing like Mr Bean.恰恰相反,他一点也不像憨豆先生。There are als sme students wh hld a pint f view t the cntrary.也有一些学生持有相反的 观点。 (写作·辩论式议论文)His answer is cntrary t yurs, s I need mre evidence t judge wh is right.他的回答和你的 回答相反,所以我需要更多的证据来判断谁是正确的。
用法归纳 ①(be) cntrary 与……相反;与……相对立 ② the cntrary恰恰相反(用来表示后面的情况与前面的情况相反,常作插入语)③ the cntrary相反的;相反地 (用来展示或证明相反的东西,可作后置定语,也可作状 语)
nly had a few hurs t kill befre they had t prceed t the next leg f their trip t Mntreal...……在前往她们旅程的下一站蒙特利尔之前,她们只有几个小时可以消磨…… (教材P44)情景导学He tk ff his cat and prceeded t und his shes.他脱掉了外衣,接着又解开了鞋子。We're nt sure whether we still want t prceed with the sale.我们不确定是否还要继续减价促 销。用法归纳①prceed sth.继续做(或从事、进行)某事②prceed sth.接着做;继而做(另一件事)
③prceed t Gate 12前往12号登机口④prceed against sb.起诉某人词汇拓展prceeding n.诉讼;[pl.]事件,过程;会议记录•It is strngly demanded that the cnference prceedings be published.强烈要求公开会议记 录。
Standing in the distance, they were astnished t see misty cluds rising frm the great Nia- gara Falls, which is n the suth side f the lake.她们站在远处,看到从湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑 布上升腾而起的水雾,感到非常震撼。 (教材P44)情景导学They were astnished t find the authr was a six-year-ld by.发现作者是个六岁的男孩,他们 很吃惊。He was astnished at the result, lking at me with his eyes widening.他对这个结果感到惊讶, 睁大了眼睛看着我。 (读后续写·神态描写)The recrds shw that the visitrs were astnished by hw rich and technlgically advanced the Ming Dynasty was.记录显示,参观者对明朝的富裕和技术先进程度感到惊讶。
用法归纳①be astnished / sth.对某事感到惊讶②be astnished /hear/learn/see...吃惊地发现/听到/得知/看到……词汇拓展①astnish vt.使十分惊讶;使吃惊It astnishes/astnished sb. that...令某人吃惊的是……•It astnished us that the researchers said that lightning increases the atmsphere's ability t pu- rify itself.令我们吃惊的是,研究人员说闪电会提高大气自我净化的能力。 (China Daily)②astnishing adj.令人十分惊讶的;使人大为惊奇的•He ran 100m in an astnishing 10.69 secnds.他以惊人的10.69秒的速度跑完了100米。
③astnishingly adv.令人惊讶地•Tm tk the news astnishingly well.汤姆对这个消息表现得出奇地冷静。④astnishment n.惊讶 t ne's astnishment令某人惊讶的是with/in astnishment惊讶地;惊愕地•This little by stared with/in astnishment at the stranger.这个小男孩惊愕地盯着陌生人。 (读后续写·神态描写)•T their mther's astnishment, the twins carried the delicius and perfect breakfast upstairs.令 他们的母亲惊讶的是,这对双胞胎把美味而完美的早餐带到了楼上。 (2021新高考Ⅰ改编)
特别提醒astnishing一般修饰事物,表示事物的性质或特征。但当修饰表示人的表情、声音的单词lk、smile、vice、expressin等时,要用astnished。•When he lks at the menu, an astnished lk quickly appears n his face.当他看菜单时,他 脸上立刻露出震惊的表情。
Yu we it t yurselves t stay lnger.你们应该多待一会儿。 (教材P44)情景导学Hw much d I we yu fr the grceries?买这些杂货我得给你多少钱?I think yu we it t yurself t have a day ff.我觉得你应该给自己放一天假。We all think we shuld we ur success in the English Speaking Cmpetitin t yu.我们都认为 我们应该把我们在英语演讲比赛中的成功归功于您。 (写作·感谢信)用法归纳①we sb. sth./we sth. t sb. ( ...)(因……)欠某人债/账②we sth. sb.把……归功于某人;欠某人情③we sb. a lt/a great deal非常感激某人
④we it t sb. sth.应该为某人做某事⑤we allegiance/lyalty/bedience (t sb.)(对位高权重者)忠诚,服从词汇拓展①wing adj.拖欠;未付;未偿还•Yu need t pay the amunt wing, plus the interest.你需要付清欠款,外加利息。②wing t=due t=because f由于;因为•Owing t yur excellent wrk, every ne f us has made great prgress in English.由于您的出 色工作,我们每个人的英语都取得了很大的进步。 (2020浙江)
Edmntn is freezing cld in winter, with daily temperatures averaging -10℃.埃德蒙顿的 冬天极为寒冷,日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。 (教材P38) 情景导学He std at the dr, with a laptp in his hand.他站在门口,手里拿着一台笔记本电脑。The square lks mre beautiful with all the lights n.所有的灯都开着,广场看起来更漂亮了。With s much wrk t d, he wn't have time t g shpping this afternn.有那么多工作要做, 他今天下午没有时间去买东西。用法归纳 ①with的复合结构的常见形式有:
②with的复合结构通常在句中作 ,表示伴随、原因等;也可以作定语。
It was nt until 9:30 a.m. that they finally reached the capital f Ontari, Trnt.直到上午9:30, 她们才终于到达安大略省的省会多伦多。 (教材P39)特别提醒对进行强调时,nt until不能分开。结构拓展 当nt until...位于句首时,要用部分倒装结构。•Nt until yesterday did I learn anything abut it.直到昨天我才对这件事有所了解。
were astnished t see misty cluds rising frm the great Niagara Falls...……她们看 到从尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的水雾,感到非常震撼…… (教材P44)情景导学I saw him enter the building by the back dr.我看到他从后门进了大楼。We all hpe t see the cntract carried ut smthly.我们都希望看到合同被顺利执行。The wall is 12 meters high and frm here yu can see streams f peple mving inside and ut- side the City Wall.(西安)城墙高12米,从这里你能看到川流不息的人群从城墙进出。 (2021全国甲)
用法归纳①see+宾语+ sth. 看见……正在做某事(看见动作正在进行)②see+宾语+d sth.看见……做某事(看见动作的整个过程)③see+宾语+dne看见……被做
Sentence 1译文 火车到站后,她们乘坐出租车前往路易斯湖,那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽,简直令她们惊 叹不已。
Sentence 2译文 她们穿越了两个种植小麦的省份,在那里她们看到了一片片广阔的农场。
Sentence 3译文 窗外的灌木丛和枫树林是红色、金色和橙色的,地上结了霜,这证明秋天已经来到了 加拿大。
Sentence 4译文 李黛予和表妹来到加拿大最大、最富有的城市多伦多后,只有几个小时的时间可以消 磨,然后就得继续前往旅程的下一站蒙特利尔,因此她们就在多伦多逛了逛。
Sentence 5译文 她们站在远处,看到从湖南面的尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的水雾,感到非常震撼。
一、过去分词作表语(与现在分词的比较)1.过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别情景导学He is terrifying.他很吓人。(指他令人害怕)He is terrified.他很害怕。(指他感到害怕)Please describe a dg that is frightened.请描述一只受惊的狗。(狗受到了惊吓)Please describe a dg that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。(狗是令人害怕的)
过去分词作表语、状语和定语(与现在分词的比较)
用法归纳作表语的过去分词与现在分词往往已经被形容词化。当表示主语处于某种状态,即“感到/ 觉得……”时,表语要使用① ;而要表示主语具有“令人感到……”的特征/性质时, 表语使用② 。 常用的这类词还有:
2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的差异情景导学The cup is brken.杯子碎了。(系表)The cup was brken by Tm.杯子被汤姆打碎了。(被动)用法归纳 作表语的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,前面的be为系动词,这时的过去分词 往往已经转化成了③ ,这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite、very、rather等修饰词。构成被动语态的过去分词表示动作,其中的be为助动词,强调被动关系,绝大多数被动语态中 的行为执行者可以由by引出。
二、过去分词作状语(与现在分词的比较)1.过去分词作状语情景导学1Asked what had happened, he lwered his head.当被问到发生了什么事情的时候,他低下了 头。(表时间)Encuraged by the teacher, the girl was very happy.由于受到了老师的鼓励,那个女孩很高兴。 (表原因)Given mre attentin, the fire culd have been avided.如果多加注意,这场火灾本来是可以避 免的。(表条件)Surrunded by his students, the teacher went int the lab.老师在学生们的簇拥下走进实验室。 (表伴随)Left alne at hme, Jenny didn't feel afraid at all.虽然珍妮被独自留在家里,但她一点也不感到 害怕。(表让步)
用法归纳1 过去分词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常要与句子主语④ ,其表示的动作与句子的主 语之间为逻辑上的⑤ 。过去分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、 让步状语、伴随状语或方式状语。情景导学2If accepted fr this pst, yu will be infrmed next week.如果你被接受担任这个职位,将在下周 通知你。用法归纳2 当过去分词作状语时,有时可以在前面加上when、while、if、unless、nce、even thugh、althugh等⑥ 。
情景导学3The test finished, we began ur hliday.考试结束了,我们开始放假了。Mre time given t us, we shuld have dne the jb much better.如果给我们更多的时间,我们会 把工作做得更好。用法归纳3当过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语⑦ 时,可以保留其逻辑主语。我们称这种带逻辑 主语的分词结构为独立主格结构。情景导学4Satisfied with the result f the exam, her parents bught her this gift.由于对这次考试的结果很 满意,她的父母给她买了这件礼物。Occupied in writing his nvel, he has n time t g utside and swim with his friends.由于忙于 写小说,他没有时间去外面和他的朋友们游泳。
用法归纳4 有些过去分词短语作状语时侧重描述主语所处的⑧ ,这些过去分词短语源于系 表结构。常见的有:absrbed in、engaged in/n、buried in、ccupied in/with、expsed t、 based n、satisfied with等。2.过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别情景导学1
用法归纳1 分词在句子中作状语时,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用哪种分词,取决于分 词表示的动作与句子主语之间的关系:通常被动关系用⑨ ,主动关系用⑩ 。情景导学2Having finished the wrk, he went hme.做完工作后,他回家了。Walking alng the street, I saw an ld friend.沿着这条街走时,我看见了一位老朋友。Having been raised n a farm, Tim knws a lt abut farm animals.由于在农场长大,蒂姆对农 场的动物了解得很多。
用法归纳2 过去分词作状语时,没有被动式和完成式;而现在分词作状语时,有四种形式:一般式的主 动形式(ding)、一般式的被动形式(being dne)、完成式的主动形式(having dne)、完成式 的被动形式(having been dne)。一般式(ding/being dne)表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动 作 或几乎同时发生,完成式(having dne/having been dne)表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作 。三、过去分词作定语(与现在分词的比较)1.过去分词作定语情景导学used bks旧书a retired teacher一位退休教师The wind raised the fallen leaves frm the grund.风把落叶从地上刮了起来。
Peple gt water by drpping a bucket tied t a rpe.人们通过把绑在绳子上的桶放下去来取 水。用法归纳 过去分词作定语时,其表示的动作与被修饰词之间一般为被动关系。单个的过去分词作 定语,一般放在被修饰词的前面,过去分词短语作定语,一般放在被修饰词的 。及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成,不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示 。2.过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别情景导学1There is a nice picture hanging n the wall.墙上挂着一幅漂亮的画。This will be the best nvel f its kind ever written.这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
用法归纳1 过去分词作定语时,其表示的动作与被修饰词之间一般为被动关系,而现在分词作定语 时,其表示的动作与被修饰词之间为 。情景导学2His excited expressin suggested that he had gt exciting marks.他兴奋的表情表明他取得了令 人兴奋的成绩。Last night he tld me the surprising news in a surprised vice.昨晚他用震惊的声音告诉了我那 个令人惊讶的消息。用法归纳2 形容词化的分词作定语时,形容人的表情、声音等用 ;形容事/物用 。
即时巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2023新课标Ⅰ)Shanghai may be the (recgnize) hme f the sup dumpling, but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring ancient canal twn f Nanxiang as xia lng ba's birthplace.2.(2022全国乙)It can help t build a cmmunity with a (share) future fr mankind.3.(2022北京)One thery, increasingly (supprt) by experts, suggests that smell pref- erences are learned.4.(2022新高考Ⅱ)Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the (fall) guest walked int the rm, (greet) by the hst.
6.The questin (settle), all f us breathed a sigh f relief.7. (absrb) in painting, Jhn didn't ntice evening (face) with difficulties, we must try t vercme says she was in shck (see) the city after the quake at the time.10. (fund) in the early 20th century, the schl keeps n inspiring children's lve f girls were t see such an pen cuntry. The scenery there was als very .(amaze)12.The hspital has recently btained new medical equipment, (allw) mre patients t be treated.
Later, they tk a pleasant hike in a frest just a shrt distance away.随后,她们在不远处的森林 里愉快地徒步旅行。(教材P38)情景导学It's gd manners t be pleasant t ur guests.对我们的客人友好是有礼貌的。用法归纳be pleasant sb. 对某人友好
特别提醒pleasant既可以表示事物是令人愉快的,也可以表示人是友好的或笑容、声音等是和善的,如:a pleasant climate/evening/place令人愉快的气候/夜晚/地方a pleasant yung man彬彬有礼的年轻人a pleasant smile/vice/manner 和蔼可亲的笑容/声音/态度•I hpe yu'll have a pleasant jurney.祝你(们)旅途愉快。 (写作·旅游)词汇拓展①pleasantly adv.令人愉快地②pleasantness n.愉快•He remembered the pleasantness f the evening.他对那个愉快的夜晚记忆犹新。③unpleasant adj.令人不愉快的;不友好的④please v.使满意;使愉快
•Mary was willing t talk with me abut her wrries, which pleased me.玛丽愿意和我谈谈她 的烦心事,这让我很高兴。⑤pleased adj.高兴的;满意的;乐意的displeased adj.不快的;不满的;生气的be pleased/displeased with...对……满意/不满意•She was displeased with abslutely everything and nthing was right.她对一切都不满意,没有 一件事是对的。 (2020全国Ⅲ改编)⑥pleasing adj.令人愉快的;令人满意的 ⑦pleasure n.愉快;高兴;快事with pleasure (客气地接受或同意)当然了,很愿意;(方式状语)愉快地It's a pleasure./(It's)My pleasure.(用于对别人表示感谢的礼貌回答)别客气/很乐意效劳。
•—Can yu give me a glass f water?—With pleasure.——你能给我一杯水吗?——当然可以。•When she was tld that the custmer was pleased with the pleasing design, a wave f pleasure als welled up inside her.当她得知顾客对那种令人愉悦的设计很满意,一阵喜悦也涌上她的 心头。 (读后续写·情感描写)
The next mrning, the tw girls arse early t take the train t Lake Luise, passing thrugh the Canadian Rckies.第二天早上,这两个女孩早早起床,坐火车穿过加拿大的落基山脉去路 易斯湖。 (教材P38)情景导学Yur illness arse frm/ut f the lack f exercise and yur unhealthy diet, s I hpe yu can take the fllwing suggestins int cnsideratin.你生病是由缺乏锻炼和你的不健康的饮食引起 的,所以我希望你能考虑以下建议。 (写作·建议信)
用法归纳arise / ...由……引起,因……产生特别提醒arise多表示抽象事物的出现、发生,如situatin、cnditin、ccasin、prblem、dispute(争 端)、crisis、need、pprtunity、chance等。•Children shuld be educated when the need arises.必要时孩子应该受到教育。
•When the teacher came int the classrm, all the students arse immediately.当老师走进教 室时,所有的学生立刻站了起来。•The sun was rising when we gt t the tp f the muntain.当我们到达山顶时,太阳正在升 起。•Measures shuld be taken t raise public awareness f envirnmental prtectin.应当采取措 施提高公众的环境保护意识。 (写作·环境保护)
When the train arrived at the statin, they tk a taxi t Lake Luise, where the blue water literally tk their breath away with its exceptinal beauty.火车到站后,她们乘坐出租车前往路 易斯湖,那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽,简直令她们惊叹不已。 (教材P38)情景导学I tk a deep breath and gradually calmed dwn.我深吸一口气,逐渐冷静下来。When we paused t catch ur breath, Steve gt dwn n ne knee.当我们停下来喘口气时,史蒂 夫单膝跪下了。 (2022全国甲)By mile 17, I became ut f breath and the nce injured ankle hurt badly.跑到17英里的时候,我 就气喘吁吁,曾经受伤的那只脚踝疼得厉害。 (读后续写·动作描写)I turned up the vlume and std staring at the radi,hlding my breath and waiting fr the first
ntes f the sng.我把音量调大,站在那里盯着收音机,屏住呼吸,等待着这首歌的前几个音 符。用法归纳① breath喘不过气来 ② ne's breath喘口气③ ne's breath屏住呼吸④take a deep breath深吸一口气⑤take ne's breath away令某人惊叹词汇拓展①breathe v.呼吸breathe in吸气;吸入(气体)
breathe ut呼气;呼出(气体)•Mst peple dn't realize that they are breathing in plluted air, s it is necessary fr us t put up the psters abut envirnmental pllutin.大多数人没有意识到自己正在吸入被污染了的空 气,因此对我们来说张贴这些关于环境污染的海报是有必要的。 (写作·保护环境)②breathless adj.(令人)气喘吁吁的; (令人)屏息的③breathing n.呼吸•Deep breathing exercises will help yu relax.深呼吸运动有助于放松自己。④breathtaking adj.激动人心的;惊人的•What is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.这次经历如此激 动人心之处在于超凡脱俗的景色。 (2021新高考Ⅰ)
They spent the night, and then tk a cach bund nrth thrugh the Canadian Rckies t Jasper.她们过了一夜,然后乘坐长途汽车,向北穿越加拿大的落基山脉,来到贾斯珀。 (教材P38)情景导学Where can I catch the bus bund fr Beverly Hills? 我到哪儿能赶上前往贝弗利希尔斯的巴士呢?She's t bund up in her wrk t have much time fr her children.她工作太忙,没有很多时间陪 孩子。Thrugh this activity, the freign students are bund t gain a better understanding f traditinal Chinese culture.通过这次活动,外国学生一定会更好地了解中国传统文化。 (写作·文化交流）
Right as I was abut t give up, a small truck with a Mexican family inside pulled ver, and the father bunded ut.就在我要放弃的时候,一辆小卡车靠边停了下来,车里有一家墨西哥人,那 位父亲跳了出来。 (读后续写·动作描写)用法归纳 ①be bund sth. 一定会做某事 ②(be) bund ... 准备前往……③be bund in sth.忙于某事;热衷于某事 ④bund ut
特别提醒教材原句中的nrth是副词,所以bund后面没有加介词fr。head作动词时也有类似用法,如流)head fr the airprt 往机场方向走,head west 往西走。
Edmntn is freezing cld in winter, with daily temperatures averaging -10℃.埃德蒙顿的 冬天极为寒冷,日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。 (教材P38)特别提醒freezing既可以作形容词修饰名词,如freezing fg(冰雾),也可以作副词修饰形容词,如上面教 材原句中的freezing cld(极为寒冷)。词汇拓展①freeze v.(使)结冰; (使)冻住; (使)冻死; (因害怕等)停住不动; 惊呆freeze t death冻死•When she heard the news, the smile frze n her face.当她听到这个消息时,她脸上的笑容僵
住了。 (读后续写·神态描写)②frzen adj.冷冻的;冻僵;结冰的;吓呆•Seeing this terrible scene, they were frzen with fear/terrr/fright.看到这可怕的一幕,他们吓 呆了。 (读后续写·神态描写)③freezer n.冰柜;冷冻室 •Frzen bananas will last several weeks, depending n their ripeness and the temperature f the freezer.冷冻的香蕉可以保存几个星期,这取决于它们的成熟度和冰柜的温度。
Hwever, they did nt anticipate seeing such an pen cuntry, and were truly amazed.然而, 她们没有预料到会看到一个如此空旷的国家,确实感到惊讶。 (教材P39)情景导学It is anticipated that the prices will g dwn in the near future.据预测,在不久的将来,物价会降。As the saying ges, “In heaven there is paradise, and n earth there are Suzhu and Hangzhu.” I anticipate ging t Suzhu and Hangzhu with my parents ne day.常言道:“上 有天堂,下有苏杭。”我期望有一天和我的父母一起去苏州和杭州。 (写作·旅游)用法归纳①anticipate ( ) sth. 期望(做)某事;预期(做)某事
②It is anticipated that... 词汇拓展anticipatin n.预料,预见;期望in anticipatin f...预料……的发生•Judy bught many tys in anticipatin f many children taking part in that party.预料到很多孩 子会参加那场聚会,朱迪买了很多玩具。
Well,cntrary t what many peple believe, there are a lt f vast and empty spaces in Chi- na, actually.嗯,与许多人认为的那样相反,事实上中国有很多广阔而空旷的地方。 (教材P43)情景导学On the cntrary, he is nthing like Mr Bean.恰恰相反,他一点也不像憨豆先生。There are als sme students wh hld a pint f view t the cntrary.也有一些学生持有相反的 观点。 (写作·辩论式议论文)His answer is cntrary t yurs, s I need mre evidence t judge wh is right.他的回答和你的 回答相反,所以我需要更多的证据来判断谁是正确的。
用法归纳 ①(be) cntrary 与……相反;与……相对立 ② the cntrary恰恰相反(用来表示后面的情况与前面的情况相反,常作插入语)③ the cntrary相反的;相反地 (用来展示或证明相反的东西,可作后置定语,也可作状 语)
nly had a few hurs t kill befre they had t prceed t the next leg f their trip t Mntreal...……在前往她们旅程的下一站蒙特利尔之前,她们只有几个小时可以消磨…… (教材P44)情景导学He tk ff his cat and prceeded t und his shes.他脱掉了外衣,接着又解开了鞋子。We're nt sure whether we still want t prceed with the sale.我们不确定是否还要继续减价促 销。用法归纳①prceed sth.继续做(或从事、进行)某事②prceed sth.接着做;继而做(另一件事)
③prceed t Gate 12前往12号登机口④prceed against sb.起诉某人词汇拓展prceeding n.诉讼;[pl.]事件,过程;会议记录•It is strngly demanded that the cnference prceedings be published.强烈要求公开会议记 录。
Standing in the distance, they were astnished t see misty cluds rising frm the great Nia- gara Falls, which is n the suth side f the lake.她们站在远处,看到从湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑 布上升腾而起的水雾,感到非常震撼。 (教材P44)情景导学They were astnished t find the authr was a six-year-ld by.发现作者是个六岁的男孩,他们 很吃惊。He was astnished at the result, lking at me with his eyes widening.他对这个结果感到惊讶, 睁大了眼睛看着我。 (读后续写·神态描写)The recrds shw that the visitrs were astnished by hw rich and technlgically advanced the Ming Dynasty was.记录显示,参观者对明朝的富裕和技术先进程度感到惊讶。
用法归纳①be astnished / sth.对某事感到惊讶②be astnished /hear/learn/see...吃惊地发现/听到/得知/看到……词汇拓展①astnish vt.使十分惊讶;使吃惊It astnishes/astnished sb. that...令某人吃惊的是……•It astnished us that the researchers said that lightning increases the atmsphere's ability t pu- rify itself.令我们吃惊的是,研究人员说闪电会提高大气自我净化的能力。 (China Daily)②astnishing adj.令人十分惊讶的;使人大为惊奇的•He ran 100m in an astnishing 10.69 secnds.他以惊人的10.69秒的速度跑完了100米。
③astnishingly adv.令人惊讶地•Tm tk the news astnishingly well.汤姆对这个消息表现得出奇地冷静。④astnishment n.惊讶 t ne's astnishment令某人惊讶的是with/in astnishment惊讶地;惊愕地•This little by stared with/in astnishment at the stranger.这个小男孩惊愕地盯着陌生人。 (读后续写·神态描写)•T their mther's astnishment, the twins carried the delicius and perfect breakfast upstairs.令 他们的母亲惊讶的是,这对双胞胎把美味而完美的早餐带到了楼上。 (2021新高考Ⅰ改编)
特别提醒astnishing一般修饰事物,表示事物的性质或特征。但当修饰表示人的表情、声音的单词lk、smile、vice、expressin等时,要用astnished。•When he lks at the menu, an astnished lk quickly appears n his face.当他看菜单时,他 脸上立刻露出震惊的表情。
Yu we it t yurselves t stay lnger.你们应该多待一会儿。 (教材P44)情景导学Hw much d I we yu fr the grceries?买这些杂货我得给你多少钱?I think yu we it t yurself t have a day ff.我觉得你应该给自己放一天假。We all think we shuld we ur success in the English Speaking Cmpetitin t yu.我们都认为 我们应该把我们在英语演讲比赛中的成功归功于您。 (写作·感谢信)用法归纳①we sb. sth./we sth. t sb. ( ...)(因……)欠某人债/账②we sth. sb.把……归功于某人;欠某人情③we sb. a lt/a great deal非常感激某人
④we it t sb. sth.应该为某人做某事⑤we allegiance/lyalty/bedience (t sb.)(对位高权重者)忠诚,服从词汇拓展①wing adj.拖欠;未付;未偿还•Yu need t pay the amunt wing, plus the interest.你需要付清欠款,外加利息。②wing t=due t=because f由于;因为•Owing t yur excellent wrk, every ne f us has made great prgress in English.由于您的出 色工作,我们每个人的英语都取得了很大的进步。 (2020浙江)
Edmntn is freezing cld in winter, with daily temperatures averaging -10℃.埃德蒙顿的 冬天极为寒冷,日平均气温为零下10摄氏度。 (教材P38) 情景导学He std at the dr, with a laptp in his hand.他站在门口,手里拿着一台笔记本电脑。The square lks mre beautiful with all the lights n.所有的灯都开着,广场看起来更漂亮了。With s much wrk t d, he wn't have time t g shpping this afternn.有那么多工作要做, 他今天下午没有时间去买东西。用法归纳 ①with的复合结构的常见形式有:
②with的复合结构通常在句中作 ,表示伴随、原因等;也可以作定语。
It was nt until 9:30 a.m. that they finally reached the capital f Ontari, Trnt.直到上午9:30, 她们才终于到达安大略省的省会多伦多。 (教材P39)特别提醒对进行强调时,nt until不能分开。结构拓展 当nt until...位于句首时,要用部分倒装结构。•Nt until yesterday did I learn anything abut it.直到昨天我才对这件事有所了解。
were astnished t see misty cluds rising frm the great Niagara Falls...……她们看 到从尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的水雾,感到非常震撼…… (教材P44)情景导学I saw him enter the building by the back dr.我看到他从后门进了大楼。We all hpe t see the cntract carried ut smthly.我们都希望看到合同被顺利执行。The wall is 12 meters high and frm here yu can see streams f peple mving inside and ut- side the City Wall.(西安)城墙高12米,从这里你能看到川流不息的人群从城墙进出。 (2021全国甲)
用法归纳①see+宾语+ sth. 看见……正在做某事(看见动作正在进行)②see+宾语+d sth.看见……做某事(看见动作的整个过程)③see+宾语+dne看见……被做
Sentence 1译文 火车到站后,她们乘坐出租车前往路易斯湖,那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽,简直令她们惊 叹不已。
Sentence 2译文 她们穿越了两个种植小麦的省份,在那里她们看到了一片片广阔的农场。
Sentence 3译文 窗外的灌木丛和枫树林是红色、金色和橙色的,地上结了霜,这证明秋天已经来到了 加拿大。
Sentence 4译文 李黛予和表妹来到加拿大最大、最富有的城市多伦多后,只有几个小时的时间可以消 磨,然后就得继续前往旅程的下一站蒙特利尔,因此她们就在多伦多逛了逛。
Sentence 5译文 她们站在远处,看到从湖南面的尼亚加拉大瀑布上升腾而起的水雾,感到非常震撼。
一、过去分词作表语(与现在分词的比较)1.过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别情景导学He is terrifying.他很吓人。(指他令人害怕)He is terrified.他很害怕。(指他感到害怕)Please describe a dg that is frightened.请描述一只受惊的狗。(狗受到了惊吓)Please describe a dg that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。(狗是令人害怕的)
过去分词作表语、状语和定语(与现在分词的比较)
用法归纳作表语的过去分词与现在分词往往已经被形容词化。当表示主语处于某种状态,即“感到/ 觉得……”时,表语要使用① ;而要表示主语具有“令人感到……”的特征/性质时, 表语使用② 。 常用的这类词还有:
2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的差异情景导学The cup is brken.杯子碎了。(系表)The cup was brken by Tm.杯子被汤姆打碎了。(被动)用法归纳 作表语的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,前面的be为系动词,这时的过去分词 往往已经转化成了③ ,这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite、very、rather等修饰词。构成被动语态的过去分词表示动作,其中的be为助动词,强调被动关系,绝大多数被动语态中 的行为执行者可以由by引出。
二、过去分词作状语(与现在分词的比较)1.过去分词作状语情景导学1Asked what had happened, he lwered his head.当被问到发生了什么事情的时候,他低下了 头。(表时间)Encuraged by the teacher, the girl was very happy.由于受到了老师的鼓励,那个女孩很高兴。 (表原因)Given mre attentin, the fire culd have been avided.如果多加注意,这场火灾本来是可以避 免的。(表条件)Surrunded by his students, the teacher went int the lab.老师在学生们的簇拥下走进实验室。 (表伴随)Left alne at hme, Jenny didn't feel afraid at all.虽然珍妮被独自留在家里,但她一点也不感到 害怕。(表让步)
用法归纳1 过去分词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常要与句子主语④ ,其表示的动作与句子的主 语之间为逻辑上的⑤ 。过去分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、 让步状语、伴随状语或方式状语。情景导学2If accepted fr this pst, yu will be infrmed next week.如果你被接受担任这个职位,将在下周 通知你。用法归纳2 当过去分词作状语时,有时可以在前面加上when、while、if、unless、nce、even thugh、althugh等⑥ 。
情景导学3The test finished, we began ur hliday.考试结束了,我们开始放假了。Mre time given t us, we shuld have dne the jb much better.如果给我们更多的时间,我们会 把工作做得更好。用法归纳3当过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语⑦ 时,可以保留其逻辑主语。我们称这种带逻辑 主语的分词结构为独立主格结构。情景导学4Satisfied with the result f the exam, her parents bught her this gift.由于对这次考试的结果很 满意,她的父母给她买了这件礼物。Occupied in writing his nvel, he has n time t g utside and swim with his friends.由于忙于 写小说,他没有时间去外面和他的朋友们游泳。
用法归纳4 有些过去分词短语作状语时侧重描述主语所处的⑧ ,这些过去分词短语源于系 表结构。常见的有:absrbed in、engaged in/n、buried in、ccupied in/with、expsed t、 based n、satisfied with等。2.过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别情景导学1
用法归纳1 分词在句子中作状语时,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用哪种分词,取决于分 词表示的动作与句子主语之间的关系:通常被动关系用⑨ ,主动关系用⑩ 。情景导学2Having finished the wrk, he went hme.做完工作后,他回家了。Walking alng the street, I saw an ld friend.沿着这条街走时,我看见了一位老朋友。Having been raised n a farm, Tim knws a lt abut farm animals.由于在农场长大,蒂姆对农 场的动物了解得很多。
用法归纳2 过去分词作状语时,没有被动式和完成式;而现在分词作状语时,有四种形式:一般式的主 动形式(ding)、一般式的被动形式(being dne)、完成式的主动形式(having dne)、完成式 的被动形式(having been dne)。一般式(ding/being dne)表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动 作 或几乎同时发生,完成式(having dne/having been dne)表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作 。三、过去分词作定语(与现在分词的比较)1.过去分词作定语情景导学used bks旧书a retired teacher一位退休教师The wind raised the fallen leaves frm the grund.风把落叶从地上刮了起来。
Peple gt water by drpping a bucket tied t a rpe.人们通过把绑在绳子上的桶放下去来取 水。用法归纳 过去分词作定语时,其表示的动作与被修饰词之间一般为被动关系。单个的过去分词作 定语,一般放在被修饰词的前面,过去分词短语作定语,一般放在被修饰词的 。及物动词的过去分词表示被动和完成,不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示 。2.过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别情景导学1There is a nice picture hanging n the wall.墙上挂着一幅漂亮的画。This will be the best nvel f its kind ever written.这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
用法归纳1 过去分词作定语时,其表示的动作与被修饰词之间一般为被动关系,而现在分词作定语 时,其表示的动作与被修饰词之间为 。情景导学2His excited expressin suggested that he had gt exciting marks.他兴奋的表情表明他取得了令 人兴奋的成绩。Last night he tld me the surprising news in a surprised vice.昨晚他用震惊的声音告诉了我那 个令人惊讶的消息。用法归纳2 形容词化的分词作定语时,形容人的表情、声音等用 ;形容事/物用 。
即时巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2023新课标Ⅰ)Shanghai may be the (recgnize) hme f the sup dumpling, but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring ancient canal twn f Nanxiang as xia lng ba's birthplace.2.(2022全国乙)It can help t build a cmmunity with a (share) future fr mankind.3.(2022北京)One thery, increasingly (supprt) by experts, suggests that smell pref- erences are learned.4.(2022新高考Ⅱ)Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the (fall) guest walked int the rm, (greet) by the hst.
6.The questin (settle), all f us breathed a sigh f relief.7. (absrb) in painting, Jhn didn't ntice evening (face) with difficulties, we must try t vercme says she was in shck (see) the city after the quake at the time.10. (fund) in the early 20th century, the schl keeps n inspiring children's lve f girls were t see such an pen cuntry. The scenery there was als very .(amaze)12.The hspital has recently btained new medical equipment, (allw) mre patients t be treated.
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