人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists课后练习题

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists课后练习题，共20页。试卷主要包含了D　考查名词，C　考查动词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.In this lecture, I can nly give yu a (pure) persnal view n hw we can make the best use f time.
2.In the 1960s, a German scientist made a remarkable (find) when bserving hneybees.
3. (initial), the cmputer system wrked well, but then it appeared t have sme imperfectins.
4.It is reprted that the huse prices in sme cities have decreased 10% in the past several years.
5.(2024福建福州一中模拟)Butyrate(丁酸盐) plays a vital rle in directing the bdy's respnse t (infect).
6.Sme peple blame the smart phne their absence f mind. Yet in fact, peple's weakening self-cntrl shuld be respnsible.
7.(2021天津3月)After several (frustrate) hurs f unsuccessful attempts t fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jrdan dcumentary(纪录片) series The Last Dance.
8.The prfessr (cast) an admiring glance at the by when he expressed an amazing idea.
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.The nly way t get here is by bat, which is we arrived.
2.The best mment fr the ftball star was he scred the winning gal.
3.The ld building, behind which was a famus university, was I used t wrk.
4.This is my father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.
5.He wn first prize in the English writing cmpetitin. This is the teacher praised him.
6.(2022新高考Ⅰ)The cre f yur relatinship is yu will always be there t help each ther.
7.(2019江苏)The questin, hwever, is this is what the develping cuntries need the mst.
8.The number f snakes had declined. He realized that it was there weren't enugh trees t prtect them frm the heat.
题型(二)
1.那就是我们学校的许多学生选择阅读电子书的原因。
That is in ur schl read electrnic bks.
2.我的问题是她是否会准时参加演讲比赛。
she is ging t take part in the speech cntest n time.
3.如果把筷子的一部分放在水里,它们看起来就像断了一样。(as if;虚拟语气)
If the chpsticks are partly placed in the water, it lks .
4.我的建议是,如果你想上理想的大学,你应该从现在开始努力学习。
My advice frm nw n if yu want t g t yur ideal university.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024重庆一中月考)
Rbts in space will be extracting(提取) gld frm asterids(小行星) within ten years if a new prject backed by a Silicn Valley billinaire ges as planned. Peter Diamandis, the funder f Planetary Resurces, said the cmpany attempts t make the resurces f space available t humanity.
The initial stage, t be achieved in the next 18 t 24 mnths, is t launch a series f private telescpes which will rbit Earth. These will be used t search fr the right type f asterids. The plan is t use cmmercially built rbtic ships t extract rcket fuel and valuable minerals frm the rcks that regularly pass by Earth. Diamandis predicts that they culd have their versin f a space-based petrl statin up and running by 2025.
Several scientists nt invlved in the prject argued that the prject was daring, difficult and very pricey. They d nt see hw it culd be cst-effective. But the funder f Planetary Resurces has a track recrd in prfiting frm the space explratin business. Diamandis was the first persn t sell rides int space t turists. “Befre we started sending peple int space as private citizens, peple thught that it was a ridiculus idea,” Diamandis said. “This is a lng-term prject. But it's nt a charity. We'll make mney.” The idea that asterids culd be mined fr resurces has been arund fr years. There are prbably 1,500 asterids that pass near Earth and that wuld be gd initial targets. They are at least 50 meters wide, and Diamandis figures ten percent f them have water and ther valuable minerals.
Richard Binzel, prfessr f Planetary Science at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy, says, “The idea might be many decades ahead f its time. But yu have t start smewhere as it might ffer a new perspective n saving Earth frm ver-explitatin.”
1.What is suppsed t be the first step f the prject?
A.Sending rbts int Earth's rbit.
B.Sending sme telescpes int space.
C.Building a space-based petrl statin.
D.Using rbtic ships t extract rcket fuel.
2.Hw did Diamandis use t make mney frm the space explratin business?
A.By extracting gld frm asterids.
B.By prviding space travel fr turists.
C.By being the first persn t g int space.
D.By selling tickets t turists' rides int space.
3.What des Richard Binzel think f the prject?
A.It is risky. B.It is cmplex.
C.It is wrthwhile. D.It is demanding.
4.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.Mining Asterids
B.Humans and Asterids
C.Space Explratin in Prgress
D.The Prject f Extracting Minerals
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024陕西榆林月考)
Characteristics f an excellent scientist
The dictinary defines a scientist as a persn having prfessinal knwledge f ne r mre sciences, especially natural sciences. 1 Let's lk at sme characteristics f an excellent scientist.
Curisity
An excellent scientist must be very curius abut things. Scientists such as Thmas Edisn and Gerge Westinghuse discvered things mainly because they wanted t knw hw things wrk. 2
Patience
Becming a scientist takes a lng time. 3 Even if yu think yu have received sme educatin in science, yu still have a lt f scientific research t d. If yu're an instant-gratificatin type f persn, this may nt be the best chice fr yu.
Ethical(道德的) qualities
In rder t truly discver and use knwledge fr the greater gd, a scientist must have a desire t imprve peple's life as well as the envirnment, since they are linked and they can affect ne anther in the lng run. 4 Sticking t an ld belief in cntradictin t prf is dishnest. Hwever, that belief shuldn't be changed withut pwerful evidence.
Wrking habits
5 He/She can wrk well alne r in grups, depending n what's needed, and he/she als needs t cmmunicate thughts n paper and verbally. Netwrking cnnects him/her with clleagues wrking n similar prjects where he/she may discver smething new.
A.T make discveries, yu have t think differently.
B.There are very few jbs that take lnger than this ne.
C.It als defines a scientist as smene wh uses scientific methds.
D.One f the main places that many scientists wrk in is the research labratry.
E.An excellent scientist even takes ntes f the smallest bservatin and keeps it in mind.
F.A scientist must reprt findings hnestly regardless f persnal interests r public pinin.
G.Withut a drive t ask questins r even wnder, a scientist will never get t the first stage f the scientific prcess.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024广西跨市联合适应性训练检测)
In high schl, I did a scientific experiment. The experiment made me 1 that science culd teach us a lt. It teaches us the 2 s we knw where we are frm. That day, I firmly 3 t be a scientist. Ever since that day, I have studied harder 4 in all my science-related subjects. After schl, I d much research n hw I can becme a 5 scientist in the future.
One f my 6 fr my becming a scientist is Barbara McClintck, wh was awarded the 1983 Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine. At 25, she already had her PhD in btany. After that, she started her 7 as the leader in the develpment f maize cytgenetics(玉米细胞遗传学) and she 8 herself t that research fr the rest f her life.
If I am lucky and given the 9 t achieve my ambitin as a scientist, I want t be like Dctr McClintck. She 10 smething that helped the ther scientists 11 the things abut genetics.
I knw I will be able t achieve my 12 as lng as I put my heart and perseverance int it. If I achieve my gal, I will share my 13 f success with all the kids wh als lve science and want t becme scientists. My future will be as 14 as the stars in the night sky. Hwever, my future is still far. I will make the mst f the 15 t achieve my greatest ambitin f becming a scientist.
B.wnder
C.realize D.value
B.rigin
C.grwth D.study
B.vlunteered
C.cntinued D.decided
B.pssibly
C.prperly D.separately
B.ppular
C.real D.careful
B.persuasins
C.generatins D.inspiratins
B.career
C.praise D.traditin
B.invited
C.limited D.decreased
B.freedm
C.right D.pprtunity
B.expected
C.discvered D.awarded
ut B.figure ut
C.stick ut D.break ut
B.reward
C.fame D.stage
B.lcatin
C.light D.secret
B.capable
C.prud D.brave
B.present
C.mind D.heart
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Part 2 Learning Abut Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ 考查副词。空格后是形容词persnal,所以此处用副词修饰形容词,purely persnal view意为“纯粹的个人观点”。故填purely。
2.finding 考查名词。空格处作made的宾语,由前面的不定冠词a可知应填名词finding。
3.Initially 考查副词。设空处位于句首,在句中作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词。故填Initially。
4.by 考查介词。此处指某些城市的房价在过去几年里下降了10%,decrease by...表示“下降了……”。故填by。
5.infectin 考查名词。空格处作介词t的宾语,此处指身体对感染的反应,应用infect的名词形式。故填infectin。
6.fr 考查介词。blame sth. fr sth.意为“把某事归咎于某物”,此处指有些人把心不在焉归咎于智能手机。故填fr。
7.frustrating 考查形容词。设空处修饰其后的名词hurs,应用以-ing结尾的形容词。故填frustrating。
8.cast 考查动词的时态。空格处是主句的谓语动词,根据语境和时间状语从句中谓语的时态可知,主句也用一般过去时,故填cast。cast a glance at...意为“看……一眼”。
Ⅱ.题型(一)
1.hw 句意:到达这里的唯一途径是乘船,这就是我们如何到达(这里)的。“ we arrived”是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处在从句中作方式状语,表示“如何”,故填hw。
2.when 句意:对这个足球明星来说,最好的时刻是他踢进决胜球的时刻。“ he scred the winning gal”是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处在从句中作时间状语,故填 when。
3.where 句意:那座古老的建筑是我过去工作的地方,在它的后面有一所著名的大学。“ I used t wrk”是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
4.what “ my father has taught me”是表语从句,设空处在从句中作taught的直接宾语,表示“父亲教我的道理”,故填what。
5.why 句意:他在英语写作比赛中获得了一等奖。这就是老师表扬他的原因。“ the teacher praised him”是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处表示“……的原因”,故填why。
6.that 句意:你们的关系的核心是你们将一直在一起互相帮助。空前为系动词is,所以设空处引导表语从句,且从句“yu will always be there t help each ther”意思完整,不缺成分,故应用that引导表语从句。
7.whether 句意:然而,问题是,这是不是发展中国家最需要的。空前为系动词is,所以设空处引导表语从句,且从句“this is what the develping cuntries need the mst”不缺成分,但根据“The questin”可知,设空处表示“是否”,故应用whether引导表语从句。
8.because 句意:蛇的数量减少了。他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温的侵袭。“ there weren't enugh trees t prtect them frm the heat”是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处表示“因为”,故填because。
题型(二)
1.why many students; chse t 2.My questin is whether 3.as if they were brken 4.is that yu shuld study hard
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一个新的项目计划从小行星上提取黄金等宝贵的矿物质和燃料。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The initial stage, t be achieved in the next 18 t 24 mnths, is t launch a series f private telescpes which will rbit Earth.”可知,该项目的最初阶段是往太空发射一系列私人望远镜。故选B。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Befre we started sending peple int space as private citizens, peple thught that it was a ridiculus is a lng-term prject. But it's nt a charity. We'll make mney.”可知,Diamandis以前通过为游客提供太空旅行来获取利益。故选B。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段Richard Binzel说的话“The idea might be many decades ahead f its time. But yu have t start smewhere as it might ffer a new perspective n saving Earth frm ver-explitatin.”可推知,Richard Binzel认为这个新的项目是值得开发的。故选C。
4.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段首句“Rbts in space will be extracting gld frm asterids within ten years if a new prject backed by a Silicn Valley billinaire ges as planned.”和第二段第三句“The plan is t use cmmercially built rbtic ships t extract rcket fuel and valuable minerals frm the rcks that regularly pass by Earth.”可知,这篇文章主要介绍了一个新的项目计划从小行星上提取黄金等宝贵的矿物质和燃料。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.available adj.可获得的 2.launch v.发射 3.search fr寻找 4.target n.目标 5.perspective n.视角 6.demanding adj.要求高的;苛求的
【熟词生义】 back v.支持
长难句
原句 Rbts in space will be extracting gld frm asterids within ten years if a new prject backed by a Silicn Valley billinaire ges as planned.
分析 本句为主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句,as planned为状语从句的省略形式。
译文 如果一个由硅谷亿万富翁支持的新项目按计划进行,太空中的机器人将在十年内提取来自小行星的黄金。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。成功绝非偶然,凡是成功的科学家都有一些特别的品质。
1.C 细节句。空格处上句“The dictinary defines a scientist as a ”说明了字典对科学家这一名词的解释和理解。C项“它还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人”接着解释这一名词,与上句构成并列关系,符合逻辑,其中“als”是关键信息。故选C。
2.G 细节句。空格处为段尾句。根据本段小标题“Curisity”和第一句“An excellent scientist must be very curius abut things.”可知,该段说明科学家要具备的一个特征就是有好奇心。空格处应该与“好奇心”有关,所以G项“如果一个科学家没有发问甚至好奇的动力,他就永远无法进入科学过程的第一阶段”符合语境,其中关键信息是“questins”和“wnder”。故选G。
3.B 细节句。根据本段小标题“Patience”和空格处上句“Becming a scientist takes a lng time.”可知,成为科学家需要很长的时间并且需要一定的耐心。由此推知空格处应该介绍与“耐心”有关的内容。所以B项“很少有工作比这个工作需要更长的时间”符合语境,其中关键信息是“take lnger”。故选B。
4.F 细节句。根据本段小标题“Ethical qualities”和空格处下文“Sticking t an ld belief in cntradictin t prf is dishnest. Hwever, that belief shuldn't be changed withut pwerful evidence.”可知,科学家要诚实、坚持真理,这是科学家特征的体现。由此推知,空格处应该介绍与科学家的“道德品质”有关的内容。F项“科学家必须诚实地报告研究结果,而不考虑个人利益或舆论”符合语境,其中关键信息是“hnestly”。故选F。
5.E 细节句。根据本段小标题“Wrking habits”可知,本段主要讲工作习惯。设空处下句“He/She can wrk well alne r in grups, depending n what's needed, and he/she als needs t cmmunicate thughts n paper and verbally.”介绍了科学家良好的工作习惯和工作能力。E项“一个优秀的科学家甚至会记下最微小的观察结果并牢记在心”也是工作习惯。故选E。
【高频词汇】 1.characteristic n.特征;特点;品质 adj.典型的;独特的 2.define vt.给……下定义;界定;解释 3.scientific adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的 4.desire n.渴望;欲望 v.渴望;期望 5.affect v.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动 6.belief n.看法;信仰;信心
【差距词汇】 instant-gratificatin adj.即时满足的
长难句
原句 In rder t truly discver and use knwledge fr the greater gd, a scientist must have a desire t imprve peple's life as well as the envirnment, since they are linked and they can affect ne anther in the lng run.
分析 本句为主从复合句。In rder t...短语作目的状语;since引导原因状语从句,其中的并列连词and连接两个并列分句。
译文 为了真正发现知识并使知识有更大的用处,科学家必须有改善人类生活和环境的愿望,因为这两者是相互联系的,而且从长远来看,它们会相互影响。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了高中时期的作者在某次做实验的时候,发现了科学能够教会我们很多东西,自此作者立志成为一名科学家,尽管未来很遥远,但作者会充分把握现在去实现梦想。
1.C 考查动词。后文“It teaches us the 2 s we knw where we are frm.”进一步描述科学教会了我们的具体内容,所以该空表示那次实验让作者“意识到”了科学能教会我们很多东西。A.怀疑;B.想知道;C.意识到;D.重视。故选C。
2.B 考查名词。根据空后内容“s we knw where we are frm”可知,科学教了我们“起源”。A.学校;B.起源;C.成长;D.学习。故选B。
3.D 考查动词。根据前文“science culd teach us a lt”可知,作者通过做实验发现了科学能教会我们很多东西;根据后文“I have studied harder 4 in all my science-related subjects”可知,作者更加努力去学习与科学有关的学科,所以该空描述作者“决定”成为一名科学家。A.拒绝;B.自愿做;C.继续;D.决定。故选D。
4.A 考查副词。前文讲述作者决定成为一名科学家,所以会对与科学相关的课程“尤其”关注。A.尤其;B.可能;C.适当地;D.单独地。故选A。
5.C 考查形容词。前文讲述作者决定成为一名科学家并为之付出努力,所以此处指作者去研究如何成为一名“真正的”科学家。A.快乐的;B.受欢迎的,流行的;C.真正的;D.仔细的。故选C。
6.D 考查名词。根据后文具体介绍的科学家Barbara McClintck可知,她是“使作者产生动机的人”之一。A.经历;B.信仰,信念;C.一代人;D.使人产生动机的人。故选D。
7.B 考查名词。空后内容“the develpment f maize cytgenetics”是她从事的“事业”的具体内容。A.尝试;B.事业;C.表扬;D.传统。故选B。
8.A 考查动词。根据空后的“fr the rest f her life”可知,Barbara McClintck把余生都“奉献”给了那项研究。A.把……奉献给;B.邀请;C.限制;D.减少。故选A。
9.D 考查名词。根据空后的“I want t be like Dctr McClintck”和空前的提示词“lucky”可知,此处表示还未发生的,所以是被给予实现成为科学家的夙愿的“机会”。A.原因;B.自由;C.权利;D.机会。故选D。
10.C 考查动词。根据空后的“smething that helped the ther scientists”可知,她“发现”的一些东西帮助了其他科学家。A.听到;B.期待;C.发现;D.授予。故选C。
11.B 考查动词短语。McClintck博士所发现的东西帮助了其他科学家“弄清楚”关于遗传学的内容。A.出发;B.弄清楚;C.显眼,突出;D.爆发。故选B。
12.A 考查名词。根据空前的动词“achieve”可知,这里指实现“梦想”,同时呼应前文的“ambitin”。A.梦想;B.奖励;C.名声;D.舞台。故选A。
13.D 考查名词。根据空后的“f success with all the kids”可知,作者会和孩子们分享成功的“秘诀”。A.运气;B.位置;C.光线;D.秘诀。故选D。
14.A 考查形容词。作者把自己的未来比作夜空中的星星,所以应该是“明亮的”。A.明亮的;B.有能力的;C.骄傲的;D.勇敢的。故选A。
15.B 考查名词。前文描述作者的未来还很遥远,所以此处应该是作者会充分把握“现在”去实现自己的目标。A.教训;B.现在;C.头脑;D.内心。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.subject n.科目,课程 2.award v.授予;奖励 3.ambitin n.理想;雄心 4.perseverance n.坚持不懈 5.make the mst f充分利用