Unit 4 using language 定语从句课件PPT

定语从句Attributive clauses定语从句修饰______和______，且位于被修饰的名词和代词 。翻译为 ，作用相当于一个 词。“...的”之后形容名词代词We prefer to make friends who share our interests.friends先行词关系词定语从句whoshare our interests++ 定义 关系词A good friend is a person who comforts us, and encourages us when we are disappointed.关系词的三个作用:1.连接作用：连接___句和定语从句。 2.替代作用：替代_____词。 3.成分作用：在定语从句中充当_____。（关系代词后的定从缺成分，关系副词后的定从不缺成分）成分主先行 关系词关系词关系代词关系副词who, which, that, whom, whose在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。where, when, whyThe apple that I ate yesterday was really sweet.I ever met a person who was quite famous.I cannot forget the day when I first entered senior high.I like the girl (who/that wears a red dress.)定语从句考察的就是关系词的使用定语从句三步走勾画定语从句关系词在句中作什么成分勾画先行词 一、which/that修饰物（从句缺成分）1. The bag is mine. 2. The bag is on the desk. The bag _____________is on the desk is mine.1. The pen is red. 2. The pen belongs to me. The pen ______________is red belongs to me.1. The book is intersting. 2. I bought the book yeterday. The book ______________I bought yesterday is intersting. that/which that/which that/which Translation1. 他看了我借的书。He read the book that/which I borrowed.2. 我看过的这部电影很有趣。The film that/which I watched is intersting.二、who/that 修饰人（从句缺成分）1. The boy is standing there. 2. The boy is my brother. The boy______________is standing there is my brother.1. The boy is Harry Potter. 2. The boy wears glasses. The boy______________wears glasses is Harry Potter. who/that who/that Translation1. 我昨天看见的女孩是他的妹妹。The girl who/that I saw yesterday is his sister.2. 正在游泳的那个女孩是我的姐姐。The girl who/that is swimming is my sister.1. The boy is standing there. 2. The boy is my brother. The boy ____________ is standing there is my brother.三、who和whom（who的宾格）的区别（从句缺成分）1. The man is my cousin. 2. You met the man yesterday. The man _______________ you met yesterday is my cousin.who/thatwho/whom/thatTranslation和我一起住的这个女孩17岁。The girl who/whom/that I live with is 17.和我招手的这个女孩17岁。The girl who/that waves at me is 17.四、whose（只要能翻译成……的）I saw some old buildings_____________windows were all broken.The prize will go to the writer __________story shows the most imagination.Don't get close to the house_____________ roof is being repaired. whose whose whose  Tips:只能用that的情况（从句缺成分）`1.当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时（all, eveything, nothing, anything, little, much, some, any, no, each, both……）eg:Can you give me anything that has sugar inside?2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。eg: The first thing that should be done is to get some food and water.3.当先行词由the very, the only, the last修饰时。eg: This is the very book that I want.Tips:只能用that的情况（从句缺成分）4.先行词既包含人又包含物。eg：They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.5.关系代词在定语中做表语时。eg: China is not the country that it was.6.主语是which开头的疑问句时，关系代词用that。eg：Which are the books that you bought for me？四、when(时间），where（地点），why(原因）从句不缺任何成分！！！It's 1995 _____________ Jack went to Beijing.It's 1995 ___________ Jack went to Beijing in.This is the room ____________ I lived.This is the room______________ I lived in.whenthat/whichwhere that/which缺成分缺成分五、介词+which（物）， 介词+whom（人）从句不缺任何成分It is the country _______________silk was first invented in.It is the country______________ __silk was first invented.He is a man_____________________China can be proud of.He is a man________________China can be proud.It's the year_______________I was born in.It's the year____________________I was born.that/which in which/where who/whom/that of whom that/which in which/when Non-defining attributive clauses1. 形式：非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开。The girl who is standing there is my brother.He changed his mind, which made me very angry.2.翻译：翻译不同。限制性定语从句翻译成定语，非限制性定语从句翻译成两个独立的句子。The old lady has a son who works as a doctor.The old lady has a son, who works as a doctor.3.用法：大多数用法一样，部分有区别。①非限制性定语从句关系词不能用that/why。I like the girl, who is standing there.I love your book, which is a grammar book.The old man is John's father, whom/who your son helped yesterday.②作宾语时关系代词不能省略。which可以指代前面一整句话。He stole my bag, which made me angry. ④非限制性定语从句中，介词后可跟关系词which/whom/whose(…的)。 He decided to sell the house, all of ____________windows face south. This is a small house less than 15 square meters, under___________roof lives a large family of three generations.whose whose Lucy is my friend. She has a hearing problem. When she first came to my school, she seemed lonely, but we soon became friends. At first it was difficult to communicate with her. So I learnt a new language. It allows me to “speak” with my hands. Read the passage on your own, try to understand the context and get the main idea.Lucy is a smart girl. Her ideas are always inspiring. I sometimes have problems. I can’t solve them. When this happens, I always ask Lucy for help. Lucy is a good listener. I enjoy sharing moments of my life with her.(1)Lucy is my friend. She has a hearing problem. When she first came to my school, she seemed lonely, but we soon became friends. At first it was difficult to communicate with her. (2)So I learnt a new language. It allows me to “speak” with my hands. Rewrite the underlined sentences with that, which, who, whom or whose.(1) Lucy is my friend who / that has a hearing problem.(2) So I learnt a new language which / that allows me to “speak” with my hands. (3)Lucy is a smart girl. Her ideas are always inspiring. (4)I sometimes have problems. I can’t solve them. When this happens, I always ask Lucy for help. Lucy is a good listener. I enjoy sharing moments of my life with her.(4) I sometimes have problems (that / which) I can’t solve. (3) Lucy is a smart girl whose ideas are always inspiring.Lucy is a smart girl. Her ideas are always inspiring. I sometimes have problems. I can’t solve them. When this happens, I always ask Lucy for help. (5)Lucy is a good listener. I enjoy sharing moments of my life with her.(5) Lucy is a good listener (whom / who / that) I enjoy sharing moments of my life with. Complete the online forum post with that, which, who, whom or whose.that / whichwhosewho / thatwhich / thatwhom / who