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专题14.第十四章语气（初高区别及衔接）--2024年暑假英语初升高衔接之专题突破（牛津译林版）
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这是一份专题14.第十四章语气（初高区别及衔接）--2024年暑假英语初升高衔接之专题突破（牛津译林版），文件包含专题14第十四章语气初高区别及衔接教师版--英语初升高衔接大串讲牛津译林版docx、专题14第十四章语气初高区别及衔接学生版--英语初升高衔接大串讲牛津译林版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共13页， 欢迎下载使用。
初中学习的是陈述语气和祈使语气。这两种语气，都是表示真实的描述、推测或者命令等。
回顾一：陈述语气
陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
1.There a basketball match in ur schl tmrrw.(B)
A.will have B.will beC.areD.is ging t be
回顾二：祈使语气
祈使语气表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。
2. yur umbrella,r yu'll catch a cld n such a rainy day.(A)
A.Take B.T takeC.TakingD.Takes
高中知识衔接
在高中，我们要学习虚拟语气。虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式。它用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的假设。
1.I didn't see yur sister at the meeting.If she ， she wuld have met my brther.
A.has cmeB.did cmeC.cameD.had cme
D【解析】本题考查的是f条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是“我”在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此“如果她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了是一般过去时的虚拟，所以从句中用had+过去分词。
2. Jhn went t the hspital alne.If he me abut it，I wuld have gne with him.
A.shuld tell B.tells C.tld D.had tld
D【解析】同上 。
3.一Where are the children?The dinner's ging t be cmpletely ruined.
—I wish they always late.
A.weren'tB.hadn't beenC.wuldn't beD.wuldn't have been
A【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为：—孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。—我但愿他们不要老是迟到。wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always,从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。
4-I have gne thrugh a hard time in the last few years.
-Really?I wish yu me abut it earlier.After all,we are friends.
A.tldB.had tldC.wuld tldD.tell
B【解析】同上。
5.When a pencil is partly in a glass f water,it lks as if it .
A.breaksB.has brkenC.were brkenD.had been brken
C【解析】本题考查的是as if引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”，而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反。前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而主句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were brken。
6.一Thank yu fr telling me f the time,r I late yesterday.
-Dn't mentin it.
shuld beB.wuld be C.will have been D.wuld have been
D【解析】同上。
7.I thrugh that bitter perid withut yur generus help.
A.culdn't have gneB.didn't gC.wuldn't gD.hadn't gne
A【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为：没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。that bitter perid表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+shuld/wuld/culd might+have dne表达，故选A。
8.Withut his help,I the wrk in time.
A.can nt finishB.will nt finishC.had nt finishedD.culd nt have finished
D【解析】同上。
9.Gerge is ging t talk abut the gegraphy f his cuntry,but I'd rather he mre n its culture.
A.fcusB.fcusedC.wuld fcusD.had fcused
B【解析】wuld rather也是虚拟语气的标志。句意为：约翰将要谈论他的国家的地理，但是我宁愿他更多地关注一下文化。
10.-Dn't yu think it necessary that he t Miami but t New Yrk?
-I agree,but the prblem is_ he has refused t.
A.will nt be sent;thatB.nt be sent;that
C.shuld nt be sent;whatD.shuld nt send;what
B【解析】同上。
思考总结
虚拟语气是高中阶段的重点也是难点语法，常常用来表示说话人的愿望、请求、建议、惊奇、设想等。其常考点为：1.判断表示建议、命令、请求后的从句所使用的虚拟语气；2.withut,but fr等隐含的虚拟语气；3.if引导的错综时间虚拟语气。
随堂练习
一
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Shuld naps(小睡) actually (take) during the day?
【答案】be taken
2.There are tw drivers. One has a destinatin in mind which can (find) n a map.
【答案】be fund
Ⅱ.单句改错
4.Thugh I dn’t knw what I can d fr the animals yet, I can at least t fllw my brther.
【答案】删除t
5.She als suggested that I can intrduce my culture t my classmates.
【答案】can→shuld或删除can
二
1.(2019江苏,31)What a pity!Yu missed the sightseeing, r we (have)a gd time tgether.
【答案】wuld have had
2.(2019天津,14)The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they (accmplish) the task in half the time.
【答案】wuld have accmplished
3.(2018北京,12)In tday’s infrmatin age, the lss f data cause serius prblems fr a cmpany.
【答案】 can
4.(2018天津,10)I can’t find my purse. I have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m nt sure.
【答案】culd/might
5.(2018天津,15)If we (catch)the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach nw.
【答案】had caught
6.(2018江苏,27)There is a gd scial life in the village, and I wish I (have) a secnd chance t becme mre invlved.
【答案】had
7.(2017北京,21)Samuel, the tallest by in ur class, easily reach the bks n the tp shelf.
【答案】can
8.(2017天津,2)My rm is a mess, but I clean it befre I g ut tnight. I can d it in the mrning.
【答案】needn’t
9.(2017天津,15)—D yu have Betty’s phne number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I (be) able t reach her yesterday.
【答案】wuldn’t have been
10.(2017江苏,22) (be) it nt fr the supprt f the teachers, the student culd nt vercme her difficulty.
【答案】Were
11.(2016北京,31)I lve the weekend, because I get up early n Saturdays and Sundays.
【答案】needn’t
12.(2016北京,34)Why didn’t yu tell me abut yur truble last week? If yu (tell)me, I culd have helped.
【答案】had tld
13.(2016天津,5)It was really annying; I get access t the data bank yu had recmmended.
【答案】culdn’t
14.(2016江苏,27)If it (be)fr his invitatin the ther day, I shuld nt be here nw.
【答案】had nt been/hadn’t been
15.(2015江苏,28)It might have saved me sme truble I knwn the schedule.
【答案】had
16.(2015天津,13)I wish I (be)at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday,but I was n a business trip in New Yrk then.
【答案】had been
17.(2015安徽,32)It is lucky we bked a rm,r we (have)nwhere t stay nw.
【答案】wuld have
18.(2015陕西,23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I (dance)as well as her.
【答案】danced
19.(2015北京,29)—Can’t yu stay a little lnger?
—It’s getting late.I really g nw.My daughter is hme alne.
【答案】must
三
1.(2020届云南昆明一中摸底一,67)The Ecnmist can (split) int tw parts: Wrld Plitics and Current Affairs.
【答案】be split
2.(2020届山西省实验中学月考一,44)It has great ptential t imprve ppulatin health and shuld (cnsider) fr large-scale use in China, accrding t the study.
【答案】be cnsidered
类别
用法
例句
if引
导的
条件
从句
与现在事实相反
从句动词：过去式（be用were）；主句动词：shuld/wuld/culd/might +动词原形
If he were here, he wuld help us.
与过去事实相反
从句动词：had +过去分词；主句动词：shuld/wuld/culd/might +have +过去分词
If I had been free, I wuld have visited yu.
与将来事实相反
从句动词：过去式/shuld +动词原形/were +不定式；主句动词:shuld/wuld/culd/might +动词原形
If it shuld rain tmrrw, we wuld nt g camping.
其他状语从句
as if 引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式
They are talking as if they had been friends fr years.
even if/thugh 引导的从句, 与现在将来/事实相反:从句动词用过去式,主句动词用shuld/wuld +动词原形。与过去事实相反:从句动词：had +过去分词；主句动词：shuld/wuld +have +过去分词
Even if they were t fail, they wuldn’t lse curage.
宾语从句
demand, suggest, rder, insist等表命令、建议、要求后的从句中动词（shuld）+动词原形
He suggested that we nt change ur mind.
wish后的从句中分别用过去式、过去完成式和culd/wuld+动词原形表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反
I wish I culd be a pp singer.
主语从句
在It is necessary/imprtant/strange that…, It is suggested/demanded/rdered/requested that…等从句中，谓语动词用（shuld）+动词原形
It is strange that such a persn shuld be ur friends.
表语从句和同位语从句
作idea, advice, rder, demand, request等表命令、建议、要求的词的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词用（shuld）+动词原形
My advice is that yu (shuld) finish yur hmewrk first.
The idea that yu (shuld) g is right.
其他句型中
It is time that…句型中动词用过去式或shuld+动词原形
It’s high time that we left.
wuld rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式
I wuld rather yu stayed at hme nw.
If nly句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望
If nly ur dream had cme true!
初中学习的是陈述语气和祈使语气。这两种语气，都是表示真实的描述、推测或者命令等。
回顾一：陈述语气
陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
1.There a basketball match in ur schl tmrrw.(B)
A.will have B.will beC.areD.is ging t be
回顾二：祈使语气
祈使语气表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。
2. yur umbrella,r yu'll catch a cld n such a rainy day.(A)
A.Take B.T takeC.TakingD.Takes
高中知识衔接
在高中，我们要学习虚拟语气。虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式。它用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的假设。
1.I didn't see yur sister at the meeting.If she ， she wuld have met my brther.
A.has cmeB.did cmeC.cameD.had cme
D【解析】本题考查的是f条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是“我”在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此“如果她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了是一般过去时的虚拟，所以从句中用had+过去分词。
2. Jhn went t the hspital alne.If he me abut it，I wuld have gne with him.
A.shuld tell B.tells C.tld D.had tld
D【解析】同上 。
3.一Where are the children?The dinner's ging t be cmpletely ruined.
—I wish they always late.
A.weren'tB.hadn't beenC.wuldn't beD.wuldn't have been
A【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为：—孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。—我但愿他们不要老是迟到。wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always,从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。
4-I have gne thrugh a hard time in the last few years.
-Really?I wish yu me abut it earlier.After all,we are friends.
A.tldB.had tldC.wuld tldD.tell
B【解析】同上。
5.When a pencil is partly in a glass f water,it lks as if it .
A.breaksB.has brkenC.were brkenD.had been brken
C【解析】本题考查的是as if引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”，而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反。前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而主句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were brken。
6.一Thank yu fr telling me f the time,r I late yesterday.
-Dn't mentin it.
shuld beB.wuld be C.will have been D.wuld have been
D【解析】同上。
7.I thrugh that bitter perid withut yur generus help.
A.culdn't have gneB.didn't gC.wuldn't gD.hadn't gne
A【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为：没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。that bitter perid表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+shuld/wuld/culd might+have dne表达，故选A。
8.Withut his help,I the wrk in time.
A.can nt finishB.will nt finishC.had nt finishedD.culd nt have finished
D【解析】同上。
9.Gerge is ging t talk abut the gegraphy f his cuntry,but I'd rather he mre n its culture.
A.fcusB.fcusedC.wuld fcusD.had fcused
B【解析】wuld rather也是虚拟语气的标志。句意为：约翰将要谈论他的国家的地理，但是我宁愿他更多地关注一下文化。
10.-Dn't yu think it necessary that he t Miami but t New Yrk?
-I agree,but the prblem is_ he has refused t.
A.will nt be sent;thatB.nt be sent;that
C.shuld nt be sent;whatD.shuld nt send;what
B【解析】同上。
思考总结
虚拟语气是高中阶段的重点也是难点语法，常常用来表示说话人的愿望、请求、建议、惊奇、设想等。其常考点为：1.判断表示建议、命令、请求后的从句所使用的虚拟语气；2.withut,but fr等隐含的虚拟语气；3.if引导的错综时间虚拟语气。
随堂练习
一
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Shuld naps(小睡) actually (take) during the day?
【答案】be taken
2.There are tw drivers. One has a destinatin in mind which can (find) n a map.
【答案】be fund
Ⅱ.单句改错
4.Thugh I dn’t knw what I can d fr the animals yet, I can at least t fllw my brther.
【答案】删除t
5.She als suggested that I can intrduce my culture t my classmates.
【答案】can→shuld或删除can
二
1.(2019江苏,31)What a pity!Yu missed the sightseeing, r we (have)a gd time tgether.
【答案】wuld have had
2.(2019天津,14)The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they (accmplish) the task in half the time.
【答案】wuld have accmplished
3.(2018北京,12)In tday’s infrmatin age, the lss f data cause serius prblems fr a cmpany.
【答案】 can
4.(2018天津,10)I can’t find my purse. I have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m nt sure.
【答案】culd/might
5.(2018天津,15)If we (catch)the flight yesterday, we wuld be enjying ur hliday n the beach nw.
【答案】had caught
6.(2018江苏,27)There is a gd scial life in the village, and I wish I (have) a secnd chance t becme mre invlved.
【答案】had
7.(2017北京,21)Samuel, the tallest by in ur class, easily reach the bks n the tp shelf.
【答案】can
8.(2017天津,2)My rm is a mess, but I clean it befre I g ut tnight. I can d it in the mrning.
【答案】needn’t
9.(2017天津,15)—D yu have Betty’s phne number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I (be) able t reach her yesterday.
【答案】wuldn’t have been
10.(2017江苏,22) (be) it nt fr the supprt f the teachers, the student culd nt vercme her difficulty.
【答案】Were
11.(2016北京,31)I lve the weekend, because I get up early n Saturdays and Sundays.
【答案】needn’t
12.(2016北京,34)Why didn’t yu tell me abut yur truble last week? If yu (tell)me, I culd have helped.
【答案】had tld
13.(2016天津,5)It was really annying; I get access t the data bank yu had recmmended.
【答案】culdn’t
14.(2016江苏,27)If it (be)fr his invitatin the ther day, I shuld nt be here nw.
【答案】had nt been/hadn’t been
15.(2015江苏,28)It might have saved me sme truble I knwn the schedule.
【答案】had
16.(2015天津,13)I wish I (be)at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday,but I was n a business trip in New Yrk then.
【答案】had been
17.(2015安徽,32)It is lucky we bked a rm,r we (have)nwhere t stay nw.
【答案】wuld have
18.(2015陕西,23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I (dance)as well as her.
【答案】danced
19.(2015北京,29)—Can’t yu stay a little lnger?
—It’s getting late.I really g nw.My daughter is hme alne.
【答案】must
三
1.(2020届云南昆明一中摸底一,67)The Ecnmist can (split) int tw parts: Wrld Plitics and Current Affairs.
【答案】be split
2.(2020届山西省实验中学月考一,44)It has great ptential t imprve ppulatin health and shuld (cnsider) fr large-scale use in China, accrding t the study.
【答案】be cnsidered
类别
用法
例句
if引
导的
条件
从句
与现在事实相反
从句动词：过去式（be用were）；主句动词：shuld/wuld/culd/might +动词原形
If he were here, he wuld help us.
与过去事实相反
从句动词：had +过去分词；主句动词：shuld/wuld/culd/might +have +过去分词
If I had been free, I wuld have visited yu.
与将来事实相反
从句动词：过去式/shuld +动词原形/were +不定式；主句动词:shuld/wuld/culd/might +动词原形
If it shuld rain tmrrw, we wuld nt g camping.
其他状语从句
as if 引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式
They are talking as if they had been friends fr years.
even if/thugh 引导的从句, 与现在将来/事实相反:从句动词用过去式,主句动词用shuld/wuld +动词原形。与过去事实相反:从句动词：had +过去分词；主句动词：shuld/wuld +have +过去分词
Even if they were t fail, they wuldn’t lse curage.
宾语从句
demand, suggest, rder, insist等表命令、建议、要求后的从句中动词（shuld）+动词原形
He suggested that we nt change ur mind.
wish后的从句中分别用过去式、过去完成式和culd/wuld+动词原形表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反
I wish I culd be a pp singer.
主语从句
在It is necessary/imprtant/strange that…, It is suggested/demanded/rdered/requested that…等从句中，谓语动词用（shuld）+动词原形
It is strange that such a persn shuld be ur friends.
表语从句和同位语从句
作idea, advice, rder, demand, request等表命令、建议、要求的词的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词用（shuld）+动词原形
My advice is that yu (shuld) finish yur hmewrk first.
The idea that yu (shuld) g is right.
其他句型中
It is time that…句型中动词用过去式或shuld+动词原形
It’s high time that we left.
wuld rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式
I wuld rather yu stayed at hme nw.
If nly句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望
If nly ur dream had cme true!
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