专题06.第六章介词（初高区别及衔接）--2024年暑假英语初升高衔接之专题突破（牛津译林版）

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在初中阶段，我们学习了in,n,at,by,with,abut等介词的基本含义和用法。
回顾一：表示时间的介词
初中阶段，我们学到的表时间的介词有：abut大约，after在……以后，等等。
1.(2021连云港,5)The Cmmunist Party f China will have its 100th birthday July 1, 2021.
A.in B.at C.n D.arund
C 【解析】句意:中国共产党将在2021年7月1日迎来它的一百岁生日。本题考查介词辨析。2021年7月1日是具体的日期,所以填介词n。故选C。
2.(2021扬州,3)China’s first Mars rver, Zhurng, tuched dwn n the Red Planet May 15, 2021.
A.n B.in C.at D.t
A 【解析】句意:中国的第一辆火星车“祝融号”于2021年5月15日降落在火星上。本题考查介词辨析。设空处后的“May 15,2021”为具体的某一天,其前应用介词n。故答案为A。
回顾二：表示地点（位置、范围）的介词
初中阶段，需要掌握的此类介词有：abve在……上，abut在……附近，等等。
3.(2020盐城,1)Yancheng is the nly city China t be named after salt.
A.at B.n C.in D.with
C 【解析】句意:盐城是中国唯一以盐命名的城市。本题考查介词的用法。根据语境可知,此处需用地点介词,且中国是大范围的地点,用in。故选C项。
回顾三：表示方向（目标趋向）的介词
此类介词有：acrss横越……，against对抗……，alng沿着……，arund绕着……，等等。
4.(2018无锡,1)Let’s put the pian ver there, the wall.
A.abve B.against C.acrss D.arund
B 【解析】句意:让我们把钢琴放在那里吧,紧靠着墙。本题考查介词的用法。abve在……之上;against倚,紧靠;acrss横过;arund围绕。against the wall紧靠着墙。故选B项。
回顾四：表示方式的介词
初中阶段需要掌握的此类介词有：as作为/当作…，by用/由/乘坐/被……，等等。
5.(2020苏州,1)—Did yu g n the Silk Rad trip by train?
—Yes. The train was great, just like a htel wheels—it had all that I needed.
A.in B.at C.n D.by
C 【解析】句意:——你是坐火车去“丝绸之路”旅行的吗?——是的。这列火车棒极了,就像车轮上的旅馆——它有我需要的一切。本题考查介词短语。n wheels在车轮上。故选C项。
回顾五：表示涉及的介词
此类介词有：abut关于……，except除了……，besides除了……还……，等等。
6.(2020泰州兴化第一次适应性测试,88)Everyne handed in their wrk (除了) Li Hua because f his illness.
except 【解析】except除了……以外(不再有)。注意:拼写时不要和expect混淆。
回顾六：表示目的的介词
初中学到的表目的介词有：fr为了……，frm防止……，t为了……，等。
7.When James arrived at the railway statin,he tried t lk a place t park his car.(D)
A.afterB.atC.upD.fr
回顾七：表示原因的介词
初中阶段接触的此类介词不多，有：fr因为……，with由于……，because f因为……，等。
8.Xiagan is well knwn the culture f“Xia".(B)
A.inB.frC.atD.n
回顾八：表示比较的介词
此类介词有：as与……一样，like像……一样，than比……，l与……相比，unlike与不同。
9.-D yu prefer watching TV listening music?
-Yes,I d.(C)
A.withB.frC.tD.n
回顾九：表示伴随状态的介词
此类介词有：against和…一起（比赛），at在……（上班/休息/上学/家），等等。
10.(2021苏州吴中、吴江、相城一模,45)—What yu said ges far my understanding, Miss Lee.
—Srry, I will explain it again with simple wrds.
beynd 【解析】根据答语I will explain it again with simple wrds(我将用简单的语言再解释一遍)可知,设空处表示“你所说的我无法理解”,所以填beynd。
随堂练习
1.(2021镇江外国语学校4月学情检测,71)—Where is the city library?
—It’s (在……对面)the frnt gate f the Grand Htel.
ppsite 【解析】介词短语作表语,ppsite表示“在……对面”。
2.(2021南京江宁调研,42)It?s s nice t take a walk n the path which leads (穿过)the trees t the river.
thrugh 【解析】介词“穿过”主要有两种表达:一是acrss,指从表面横穿,如acrss the bridge, acrss the rad, acrss the field等;二是thrugh,指从空间内部穿过,如thrugh the frest, thrugh the dr, thrugh the tunnel等。此题是从树林中穿过,所以填thrugh。
3.(2021镇江句容学情调研,64)The temperature in ur hmetwn usually drps (在……以下) zer in winter.
belw 【解析】与zer搭配表示温度在零度以下用“belw”, drp belw zer指(气温)下降到零度以下。
4.(2020常州教学情况调研,45)—Jim, I want t jin the army.
—Are yu jking? Peple (在……下) eighteen aren’t allwed t jin the army.
under 【解析】“under+年龄”表示“在……岁以下”。
6.(2021无锡吴风实验学校调研,6)Ben was helping his mther when the rain began t beat heavily the windws.
A.belw B.acrss C.behind D.against
D 【解析】句意:当雨点开始重重地敲打窗户的时候,本正在帮助他的母亲。本题考查介词辨析。belw在……下面;acrss穿过;behind在……后面;against碰撞。beat against...是固定搭配,反复在……上拍打,击打……。故选D。
7.(2021扬州仪征一模,4)On sunny days, my grandma ften reads a nvel the windw.
A.fr B.by C.with D.frm
B 【解析】句意:在天气晴朗的日子,我奶奶经常在窗边看小说。表示“在……旁边”用by,故选B。
8.(2021南京玄武一模,9)Vlunteering is a gd way t experience life the campus (校园). Take an active part in it, and yu will learn mre abut the wrld.
A.ver B.beyndC.against D.abve
B 【解析】本题考查介词的辨析。ver在……上方;beynd在……之外;against反对,违反,紧靠;abve在……上面。此句应指体验校园之外的生活,故选B。
9.(2021苏州吴中、吴江、相城一模,2)Dn’t stay inside such a sunny day. Let’s g ut t enjy the sweet flwers.
A.in B.nC.by D.thrugh
B 【解析】本题考查介词的用法。在具体某一天前用介词n,故选B。
10.(2021无锡江阴期中,21)I can hardly imagine what ur life will be like the Internet in the infrmatin age nwadays.
A.thrugh B.underC.withut D.against
C 【解析】句意:我很难想象在信息时代的今天,没有互联网,我们的生活将是什么样。本题考查介词辨析。thrugh穿过;under在……下面;withut没有;against反对。故选C。
11.(2021无锡锡山期中,1)In rder t get the difficult times, it is f great imprtance fr cuntries all ver the wrld t wrk clsely tgether.
A.beynd B.acrssC.thrugh D.against
C 【解析】句意:为渡过难关,世界各国密切合作至关重要。本题考查介词辨析。beynd超越;acrss横穿;thrugh穿过,从头到尾;against紧靠,反对。get thrugh the difficult times指“渡过难关”。故选C。
12.(2021徐州一模,2)When are yu arriving? I’ll pick yu up the statin.
A.at B.t C.n D.ff
A 【解析】句意:你什么时候到,我将在车站接你。本题考查地点介词。at在……,后接小地点;t朝,向;n在某物体表面上;ff离开。the statin车站,是小地点,其前用at。故选A。
13.(2021盐城滨海调研检测,1) Friday afternn, ur schl ends earlier than usual.
A.At B.OnC.T D.In
B 【解析】句意:在周五下午,我们学校放学比平时早。本题考查介词的用法。在具体某一天的下午前,用介词n。故选B。
14.(2021扬州梅岭中学一模,2)The blue planet is s far frm the earth that radi signals, traveling the speed f light, take 16 hurs t reach the spacecraft.
A.fr B.inC.n D.at
D 【解析】本题考查介词。at the speed f为固定搭配,意为“以……的速度”,故选D。
15.(2020徐州一模,2)Arthur Cnan Dyle is cnsidered a master at slving crimes.
A.fr B.asC.with D.by
B 【解析】句意:阿瑟·柯南·道尔被认为是破案大师。本题考查介词。be cnsidered as被认为是……。故选B项。
高中知识衔接
高中阶段，我们所学的介词的用法将趋于特殊化或复杂化，同时还将学到一些新的介词及介词短语等。
知识一：ut f类用法
ut f最普通的用法是“在……外面”，其他意思为“由于（原因，动机）；用……（材料）；自……离开；得自（来源）；出于”。
拓展：ut f与名词的搭配，成为高中阶段需要学习和掌握的内容：ut f wrk失业ut f business破产ut f cntrl失控ut f repair失修ut f rder有毛病ut f date过时经典例
The furniture,with its mdern style and bright clrs,suits mdern huses and their gardens,but lks
in the garden f a traditinal hme.
A.ut f questinB.ut f rder
C.ut f sightD.ut f place
【分析】句意为：这套家具款式新潮，色泽明丽，与新式房屋和花园配套，但看起来与传统的房子和花园不相称。D项意为“与……不相称”，符合句意。A项意为“毫无疑问”，B项意为“次序颠倒”，项意为“看不见”，都与句意不符。
【解答】答案为D。
【归纳】解答此类题，需要掌握相关词组的区别。
知识二：in类用法
高中阶段我们要学到in search f的用法，它的意思是“寻找；搜寻”，与in ne''s search fr同义。
拓展：in hnur f为了纪念；为向……表示敬意in praise f歌颂…；表扬……inmemry f为纪念…in favur f赞同；支持in place f代替in charge f负责in pssessin f拥有in cntrl f控制in face f面对……
经典例题
Many Chinese universities prvide schlarships fr students financial aid.
A.in favur fB.in hnur f
C.in face fD.in need f
【分析】句意为：许多中国大学向那些需要经济帮助的学生提供奖学金。in favur f支持；in hnur f为了纪念；in face f面对；in need f需要。
【解答】答案为D。
知识三：at类用法
高中阶段我们将学到at war这一介词短语，它表示“处于交战状态”。
拓展：at类词组有：at wrk在上班at play在玩at peace处于和平中at schl在上学at breakfast在吃早饭at table在吃饭at desk在学习at rest静止经典例题吃
Jhn became a ftball cach in Sealin Middle Schl the beginning f March.
A.nB.frC.withD.at
【分析】考查介词搭配。at the beginning f是固定短语，意为“在……之初/开始”。
【解答】答案为D。
知识四：介词+time类
此类用法常见的有：in time.及时；总有一天；终于，n time按时at ne time曾经；一度at a time一次；同时at times有时at n time决不；在任何时候都不in n time立刻；马上
经典例题
in her life Jennie gained a clear idea f hw large the wrld is.
A.The first timeB.Fr the first timeC.At firstD.At the first time
【分析】此题明显需要一个时间状语，A相当于名词词组，无法承担状语的作用。而项无此表达。C项为“起初，首先”之意，与句意不符。B项为“第一次”之意。
【解答】答案为B。
【归纳】解题时需要分析句子结构，像A选项，乍一看似乎可以，但是根据句子结构就可以排除。
知识五：原因类介词短语
高中阶段需要掌握的此类短语有：
thanks t由于；多亏（介词短语，在句中作原因状语，常置于句首或句末）because f因为；由于wing t由于；因……之缘故as a result f作为……的结果；由于due t因为；由于（不能放在句首）n accunt f由于；因为
经典例题
The pen-air celebratin has been put ff the bad weather.
A.in case fB.in spite fC.instead fD.because f
【分析】本题考查介词短语。句意为：因为坏天气，露天庆祝活动被取消了。in case f以防万一；in spite f尽管；instead f相反；because f因为。
【解答】答案为D。
【归纳】解答本题要掌握四个选项意义的区别。
【引申】
yur help,I have made great prgress and passed the exam.
A.Thanks tB.In caseC.BecauseD.As a result
【解答】答案为A。
知识六：“除了”类介词
l.besides表示“除……之外”（还有，其余都相同），含有“加”的关系，即“把……添加在内”“包括”，属于肯定性质。except表示“除……之外”（其余的不同），是从整体中出去一部分，含有“减”的关系，属于否定性质。如：
Three ther girls are n duty tday besides me.今天除了我，还有3个女同学值日。
We all went t the cinema except Wang Hng.除了王红（没去），我们都去看了电影。
2.but和except同义，通常用在n和由n组成的表示否定意义的词的后面。如：
I knw nbdy but(except)yu.除了你，我谁都不认识。
There is nthing in the rm but an ld stve.除了一个旧火炉，房间里什么也没有。
3.but和except都能接动词不定式，表示“只是，只得”的意思。一般来说，谓语动词为d,des,did时，but(except)后的不定式不带t。如：
They did nthing but(except)wait.他们除了等待，无事可做。
He wanted nthing but(except)t stay there.他只想留在那里。
经典例题
Sme peple chse jbs fr ther reasns mney these days.
A.frB.exceptC.besidesD.with
此题考查介词的辨析。本题题意：如今一些人选择工作时，除了钱的原因还有其他原因。besides除了，包含除去的；except I除了，不包含除去的。根据题意besides符合题意。
【解答】答案为C。
【归纳】解题的关键是掌握besides与except用法的区别，besides除了，包含除去的；except除了，不包含除去的。
知识七：“尽管”类介词
in spite f是高中阶段一个重要的介词短语，作“尽管；虽然；不管；不顾”讲。
拓展(1)：in spite f+n.=despite+n.=regardless f+n.
in spite f the fact that.(同位语从句)=althugh/thugh+从句拓展
：in spite f/despite/althugh/thugh的用法区别
①in spite f与despite同义，常可换用。in spite f为普通用语，despite多用于书面语言，despite不与f连用。
②althugh/thugh也是“尽管；不管；不顾”的意思，但用作从属连词，后面接让步状语从句。in spite f/despite+n.=althugh+从句。
提示：regardless f,in spite f和despite后面不能直接跟从句，只能跟名词，但可以跟the fact that...
经典例题吧
what they say abut me,I'm ging t cntinue my wrk.
A.In terms fB.Regardless fC.Instead fD.In favur f
【分析】考查介词短语。regardless f不顾，不管。句意为：不顾他们对我的指指点点，我将继续我的工作。in terms f依据，按照；instead f代替；in favur f赞同。
【解答】答案为B。
知识八：t作介词的短语
高中阶段，我们还要注意有些动词后跟t时，t是介词，而不是动词不定式。如：
bject t(反对)，be/get used t(习惯于)，lk frward t(盼望、期待)，be devted t(致力于、全神贯注于)，devte neself t(致力于)，cme clse t(差一点就)，pay attentin t(注意)，get dwn t(开始、着手)，take t(变得喜欢、开始经常)，fall t(开始)，lead t(导致)，be ppsed t(反对)，cme t(接近，差一点)，refer t(提及、参考)，agree t(同意某个观点，注意和agree t d同意做某事的区别)，be n the way t(就要……)，stick t(坚持)。
思考总结
介词通常不能单独使用，它要和名词或者动词结合起来构成介词短语。高中阶段需要掌握的有关介词的考点有：1.表示所属关系的简单介词；2.介词短语的含义；3.有些及物动词后不跟介词；4.t为介词时的应用。
随堂练习
一.单句填空
1.Fenghuang in Hunan desn’t lk like a bird, but its name means “phenix” (凤凰) Chinese.
【答案】in
2.In 1886, Pembertn invited Willis Venable t help him perfect his new recipe. They used carbnated water and finally invented a new drink. It had n alchl but culd still ease pain and clear the mind. Pembertn decided t sell it a drink rather than a medicine.
【答案】as
3.Experts and wrkers have vercme the difficulties f a cmplex cnstructin envirnment and a lack an ptical fiber (光纤).
【答案】f
4.Chaplin arrived in Ls Angeles early December, and set abut wrking fr a studi.
【答案】in
5.He was nt used in a mvie late January, during which time Chaplin attempted t learn the prcess f film.
【答案】until
6.It’s up yu t find ut what yur gals really are.
【答案】 t
7.The number f verweight peple in Britain is likely t rise 32 millin t 36 millin by 2025.
【答案】frm
8.Althugh Darwin’s father was initially the trip, which wuld keep his 22-year-ld sn away fr five years, he finally gave in.
【答案】against
9.On Dec.1, Zuckerberg, 31, annunced the birth f his first child and the start the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative.
【答案】f
10.The Great Wall stretches Dandng in the east t Lp Nur in the west, alng the suthern edge f Inner Mnglia.
【答案】frm
11.A gd memry is great imprtance, but it is nt enugh t nly memrize rules frm a grammar bk.
【答案】f
12.Cnsequently, telegrams, letters, and telephne calls all ver the cuntry pured in.
【答案】frm
二.单句改错
13.Last Mnday mrning, I was cycling alng a street in the rush hur n my way an interview fr an imprtant jb.
【答案】way后加t
14.Our class held a debate t discuss this prblem in last week.
【答案】删除in
15.Later I gt a chance t rw a bat in the lake.
【答案】in→n
16.At last, Li Ping wn first prize. Many members said the activity had benefited them fr many ways.
【答案】fr→in
17.Firstly, ur identities can be given away and we can be fr truble.
【答案】fr→in
三
Art imprves ur lives 1 directly and indirectly lifting the mrals f individuals, creating unity and scial harmny. Art creates awareness 2 scial issues. Art may express and reflect the religius, plitical, and ecnmical aspects f cultures. Art is and can be whatever a culture says it is, r whatever peple want it t be. It invlves all peple, thse wh cme up 3 the idea f the wrk, perfrm it and prvide necessary equipment and materials, and peple wh make 4 the audience fr the wrk. Art usually appears 5 the frm f diverse architectures, bdy decratin, clthing manufacture, r memrial sculptures. Art cpies the natural wrld. It gives rders 6 the wrld and strength t human life. Art is a means 7 cmmunicatin. It prvides pleasurable experiences alng 8 intellectual wealth. Art als helps 9 (we) t express ur sentimental relatins. It can beautify surprise, stimulate 10 (imagine), tell stries and recrd histry. As smene nce said, “Art is life.”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
【答案】
四
In Lndn, there are many s-called pp-up shps(流动商店).The reasn why they get such a name is that they are just temprary 1 (arrange).
Pp-up shps first appeared in the UK 2 the early 2000s. They were riginally a way 3 small cmpanies t rent small space in great lcatins.
In 2008, many businesses had t shut 4 . Shps and sme ffices were left empty when they stpped trading. Smart businessmen ccupied sme f them quickly because they culd start a business 5 much lwer risk. The temprary nature f a pp-up shp gave them the pprtunity t test a prduct and develp a custmer base. Being small made 6 easier fr pp-up shps t expand if they were successful.
Pp-up shps can take many different frms. They might be temprary shps in the high street r a shpping center. They might be simple market stalls. Accrding 7 a 2014 reprt made 8 the Center fr Ecnmic and Business Research, the pp-up industry was wrth ￡2.1 billin and it is expected t grw 9 8.4% this year.
Almst anything that can be n a high street can als be a pp-up shp. 10 an age f fast-changing habits, the pp-up idea might be here t stay.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
【答案】
五
Nwadays when faced 1 health r nutritin (营养)questins, peple prbably turn 2 the Internet 3 help. But they may get sme wrng advice nline,which is very dangerus! 4 additin, search engines shw clicking rates lking int 5 (ppular) rather 6 accuracy (准确).S useful advice cannt be easy t find. It is well wrth checking whether the advice is helpful. 7 all, anyne can call themselves 8 diet expert, and even a dctr. But remember, nly fficially recgnized dctrs and dietitians (营养学家)have the right t give medical 9 (suggest). S if yu are unsure, yu'd better visit a dctr. G 10 the right place, and the real answers can be fund.
【答案】1.with 2.t 3.fr 4. In 5.ppularity 6.than 7.After 8.a 9.suggestins 10.t
六
Lcal fd has several meanings. It can be used t refer 1 the fd that is grwn and sld in the same twn. 2 the ther hand,it can als mean the fd directly sld 3 the farmer t the cnsumer, rather than being prcessed. 4 either f the cases,lcal fd is as gd as grwing fd in yur wn garden.
One f the bigger advantages f ging fr lcal fd is that the fd is fresh. As it is grwn at a clse distance and sld immediately, there are n preservatives(防腐剂)added 5 it. And as the fd is fresh, it has a lnger shelf life and will last lnger in yur refrigeratr. Anther health benefit assciated 6 lcal fd is that it's mre nutritius. As the time 7 farm and table is less, the nutrients in the fd dn't get washed ff. S 8 is always beneficial t g fr lcal fd.
Mre imprtantly, yur small cntributin in buying nly lcal fd helps reduce glbal warming. As n transprtatin is required fr transprting fd, there'll be decrease 9 the use f fssil fuel. As few chemicals are used fr these prducts, the envirnment is prtected. Therefre, chsing lcal fd is really 10 gd idea.
【答案】1.t 2.On 3.by 4.In 5.t 6.with 7.between 8.it 9.in 10.a
七
Dear Sir,
I have learned abut that vlunteers fr the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games are needed. I'm writing t apply t this psitin. As a native f Beijing, I think it is a privilege and duty t me t ffer the best vluntary service with ur freign guests and meanwhile prmte Chinese culture. I believe I'm equal fr the jb. I have a gd cmmand f English and I'm cnfident n giving players guidance and help as required. What's mre, I have a wide knwledge in winter sprts, which will prve helpful in cmmunicating abut players. Additinally, I have been invlved in several internatinal exchange prgrams, and enjy spreading ur culture t freigners.
I wuld appreciate if yu culd ffer me the pprtunity. Thank yu f yur time and cnsideratin.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Sir,
I have learned
❶ that vlunteers fr the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games are needed. I'm writing t apply tfr❷ this psitin. As a native f Beijing, I think it is a privilege and duty tfr❸ me t ffer the best vluntary service witht❹ ur freign guests and meanwhile prmte Chinese culture. I believe I'm equal frt❺ the jb. I have a gd cmmand f English and I'm cnfident nin❻ giving players guidance and help as required. What's mre, I have a wide knwledge inf❼ winter sprts, which will prve helpful in cmmunicating abutwith❽players. Additinally, I have been invlved in several internatinal exchange prgrams, and enjy spreading ur culture t freigners.
I wuld appreciate ∧it❾ if yu culd ffer me the pprtunity. Thank yu ffr❿ yur time and cnsideratin.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
abut