【学考复习】（江苏专用）2024年高中英语学业水平考试 专题讲解 第10讲阅读理解 -讲义

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\l "_Tc6558" PAGEREF _Tc6558 \h 1
\l "_Tc15851" 考点一 细节理解题 PAGEREF _Tc15851 \h 1
\l "_Tc26385" 考点二 主旨大意题2
\l "_Tc2857" 考点三 推理判断题3
\l "_Tc2857" 考点四 词义猜测题4
\l "_Tc23347" 9
\l "_Tc9551" 2 PAGEREF _Tc9551 \h 6
1. 熟悉语篇类型和语篇结构
2. 明确命题方向和命题规律
3.掌握做题技巧
细节理解题题目是针对考生对文中的具体信息的掌握情况进行考察，首先要明白事实细节类问题的设问方式：一般这类题目围绕wh, what, which, why, when, where, hw, 等问题进行提问。
一、细节理解题的解题技巧：
1.根据选项中的疑问词和关键词初步定位答案所处的段落，然后利用略读的方式在本段落查找相关内容，找到之后要细心研读此部分内容，并仔细对比选项，对错误选项进行排除。
2.对题干中没有关键词的题目，这就要从选项入手，在选项中寻找关键词，然后定位原文内容，逐一进行核实。这种细节理解题是细节类题目中最难的，需要甄别的信息很多，这一类题需要进行反复的训练。
正确选项的特点：
1.对原文中的关键词利用同义转换的方式进行改写，把原文改头换面或解释信息来表达相同的含义。
2.对原文中的关键内容或复杂语言现象进行概括总结，选项中包含特别有概括性的词语。
3.利用反义词或双重否定对原文中的关键内容进行反向表达。
4.利用语态互换的方式，把原文中相关语句中的主动语态表达变为被动语态表达，或反之。
错误选项的特点：
1.与原文几乎相同。一眼看上去和原文几乎没有区别，同学们要特别警惕这种答案，它往往利用偷梁换柱，或偷换概念的方式，在选项中不起眼的位置更换很少的内容，这种干扰项干扰性最强，很容易出错。
2.不依据文本，利用常识的正确性误导考生。这里还是要提醒同学们在选择时一定要依据文本，不可凭常识，想象或主观臆断进行选择。
3.把原文中关键的内容断章取义，看似与原文很相似，但可能对文章的内容进行了夸大或缩小。
4.答案与原文无关，属于无中生有，需要同学们与原文仔细对照，去伪存真。
主旨类题目的解题技巧：
第一，主旨类阅读理解是怎么设问的，通常有以下几种情况：What's the main idea f the passage? What's the best title f the passage? What is mainly discussed in the passage? The theme / purpse f the passage .等
第二，不同类型的文章主旨的概括方式不同。
说明文，议论文和新闻类文章有相似的概括方式。一般这几类文章第一段为文章的主题段，通过概括主题段的主要内容就可以总结出文章的题目或主旨。所以要特别注意这几类文章的首段。但有的文章会在第一段利用一个或几个问题引入话题，而真正的中心在第二段，或需要通过对每一段的主题句进行概括才能得出。新闻类的文章在概括标题时需要考虑文章的特点，这类文章的题目需要第一眼就引起读者的兴趣，所有它的标题往往有引人注意或吸引人眼球的特点。
记叙文一般没有主题段和主题句，所以在概括主旨大意或题目时没有明显的线索。可以用尝试用以下的几种方式概括主旨或标题：
记叙文是记人叙事的文章，一般都包含六个基本的要素：wh, what, when, where, what, why, hw, 把这几个要素串联起来就是文章的中心。
2.还可以把主要段落的段意串联起来，这样就归纳出了文章的中心或题目。
3.记叙文有时会围绕着一个人或一个事物展开故事，那么文章中反复提到的人或事物，就是关键词，需要出现在主旨或题目中。反复出现的关键词对应主旨或标题这一点，也适合其它类型的文章。
还有一种方法适合于各种类型的文章。可以尝试利用各小题的题干帮助你概括主旨。如果有两个或两个以上的题目中都包含有相同的词汇，那么这应该是文章中重点谈论的问题，是关键词，与主旨有关，应该包含在题目或主旨中。
主旨类阅读理解是高中阶段的一大难点，在掌握方法的同时需要反复的练习。1.养成每读一篇文章就总结中心的习惯。2.对高考真题进行集中限时训练，所谓集中限时训练就是只做其中的主旨类题目，每天4—5篇，每篇3分钟，经过一段时间的训练，一定能取得很好的效果。
推理判断类题目的解题技巧：
推理判断题是除主旨类题目之外的又一个难点，是失分最多的题目之一。提高推理判断的能力不仅有利于提高阅读理解水平，对于提高听力和七选五的解题能力也非常有帮助。
首先，必须掌握题干中表达推理判断的词汇：infer推断，indicate表明，暗示， suggest表明，暗示， imply暗示，暗指，cnclude断定，推断出，cnclusin结论。
需要明白推理判断题在考查什么。推理判断题是在理解文章字面意思的同时，考查考生对文章深层抽象含义的理解，包括对整篇文章或某段或某个细节所暗含意思的推断，也包含对作者观点态度，意图打算等的推理。
如何进行推理判断。
1.避开正确的事实细节的“坑”。这类题目中往往会出现与原文内容非常一致的事实细节，由于内容本身的正确性，很容易被认为是正确答案。所谓推理判断，只是在原有内容的基础上进行合理的逻辑推理，而不是漫无边际的推理。避开主观臆断的“坑”。所有的推理判断，都是在文本的基础上进行的，不能凭借自己的想象，猜测，主观想法进行判断。
2.对于整篇文章的推断，比如What can we infer frm the passage?要抓住文章的中心，分析文章的结构，对主题段和主题句进行分析，根据上下文的逻辑关系，判断文章暗含的意思。对于文章中某个段落的推理，比如What cnclusin can yu draw frm paragraph 2? 此类题目要反复阅读相关段落，重点分析本段落的主题句或关键词或but, hwever 之后的内容。对于文章中某个细节内容的推理，要结合题干中的关键词定位文章中的关键信息的位置，然后反复阅读相关语句，抓住关键词或关键短语，推理出这句话暗含的意思。对于作者或文中某个人物观点态度的推理，对于某人，某事物，某现象的感情色彩往往隐藏于文章的字里行间，同学们需要注意文章在一些表达赞同，反对，喜欢，批评，厌恶，冷漠，积极，消极等感情色彩的名词，动词，形容词或副词。
猜测词义类题目的解题技巧：
高考英语阅读理解中猜测词义是继主旨类，推理判断类之后的又一个逢考必错的难点。提高猜测词义的能力不仅对于做好阅读理解中的此类题目特别重要，而且对于提高其它各种题型，甚至全面提高英语水平都起着很重要的作用。
第一，在平时就要养成猜测词义的习惯。在平时的阅读和课堂限时训练中，要养成良好的做题习惯，不要一遇到生词就查词典或干脆越过去不理睬，这样久而久之大脑就变得懒惰，不勤于思考。要养成遇到生词就动动脑子，利用所学的知识和方法猜测词义的习惯。而不是只在考试题中遇到划线部分需要猜测词义的时候才去考虑。
第二，怎样进行词义猜测
1.猜测词义要把握“就近原则”。也就是针对划线部分词义的猜测，它的线索就在本句内，或在前一句或在后一句，不会太远。所以，猜测词义题要仔细研读就近的句子，从中获取解题线索。
2.猜测词义要利用好各种逻辑关系，比如转折，因果，并列，递进，对比等。常见的表转折关系的词汇和短语有but, yet, hwever, while, althugh, thugh, as, n the cntrary, in cntrast, fr ne thing…fr anther thing, n the ne hand…n the ther hand, instead等。例如，I tried hard nt t make mistakes , but I slipped up. 根据but 可以了解到前后为转折关系，意思正好相反，再根据前面熟悉的短语make mistakes, 可以猜测出slipped up的意思是犯错误。
常见的表因果关系的词汇和短语有because, since, as, fr, s, therefre, due t, as a result, wing t, n accunt f, thanks t, fr this reasn, s…that, such…that等。例如，Rubber can be stretched mre than nine times its nrmal length because it is very elastic.这个句子中有because引导的原因状语从句，根据这个因果关系我们可以推断出橡皮筋之所以能够延长是因为它有弹性，那elastic就是有弹性的。
3.猜测词义要利用好解释或定义关系。通常情况下在做解释或下定义时会用到定语从句，同位语从句或破折号或be called, be knwn as, in ther wrds, such as, fr example, fr instance, like, including 等，例如，A carpenter is a persn whse jb is making and repairing wden bjects and structures.从句子中的定语从句可以看出这种人的工作是制作或修理木器，那就是木匠。
4.猜测词义要利用好构词法。在前面《巧用派生法记单词》那篇文章中，我们详细地讲过怎样利用派生法，合成法和转换法记单词，其实我们就是在利用构词法的规律猜测词义。同学们需要记住一些常用的派生词的前缀，后缀，以及它的功能，还有合成词的特点以及转换法中的熟词生义的用法。详细用法请参考《巧用派生法记单词》。
5.猜测词义要利用好基本的常识或经验。有时，需要猜测的词汇周围并没有前面提到的一些可以提供线索的词汇或结构，需要你利用自己的生活常识或经验进行猜测，比如，Mr Smiths died. Many peple attended his funeral.根据常识我们可以猜测出funeral的意思是葬礼。
猜测词义时并不是每次都能遇到可以利用的线索词汇，读懂上下文的语境非常重要。利用好高考真题，进行反复的集中限时训练，利用所学的方法技能，并且总结出自己的做题方法，提高猜测词义和理解文章的能力。
考点一 细节理解题
【典例分析】（21·22上·学业考试）In certain cuntries f the wrld, the king r queen is still the head f these cuntries. The UK is ne f these cuntries. S what des the British ryal family(皇室) represent fr the British peple tday? Well, a large number f things. The ryal family are f curse a part f British histry and traditin. They still have an imprtant functin and meaning fr many peple tday. It just wuldn't feel the same if there were n ryal family. In additin t that, the queen has imprtant frmal duties:
·As head f the state, the Queen represents the UK n visits abrad and invites ther wrld leaders t visit the UK.
·As head f the armed frce, nly the Queen can declare when the UK is at war r when the war is ver.
·As head f the Church f England.
·The queen has t read and sign the gvernment dcuments(文件) every day.
Nt just the Queen, the ryal family spend a great deal f their time travelling up and dwn the cuntry in supprt f different charities (慈善).
Despite the wrk the ryal family des fr the UK, there are peple wh dn't believe there shuld be a ryal family. Smetimes the press and media criticize (批评) the ryal family as well, One criticism is that the British peple shuld nt have t pay fr the ryal family thrugh their taxes. Anther is that the Buckingham Palace shuld be pen t the psies mre ften, in rder 0 pay fr the building repairs that are necessary.
1．Tday, the British ryal family still represents_______________ f the UK.
A．the hnr and prideB．the histry and traditin
C．the functin and lawD．the plitics and culture
2．Which is ne f the Queen's frmal duties?
A．Visiting freign cuntries.B．Fighting in war.
C．Writing gvernment dcuments.D．Repairing the church.
3．Why are the ryal family criticized by the press and media?
A．Because they d nthing fr the cuntry.
B．Because sme peple dn't want t pay fr them.
C．Because the Queen is t busy t meet with her peple.
D．Because mre peple want t visit the Buckingham Palace freely.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍英国的皇室及其女王的职责。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The ryal family are f curse a part f British histry and traditin.(王室当然是英国历史和传统的一部分。)”可知，今天，英国王室仍然代表着英国的历史和传统。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“As head f the state, the Queen represents the UK n visits abrad and invites ther wrld leaders t visit the UK. (作为国家元首，女王代表英国出访，并邀请其他国家领导人访问英国。)”可知，出访外国是女王的职责之一。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“One criticism is that the British peple shuld nt have t pay fr the ryal family thrugh their taxes . (其中一种批评是英国人不应该为皇室纳税。)”可知，皇室受指责是因为有些人不想为皇室纳税。故选B。
考点二 推理判断题
【典例分析】（21·22上·学业考试）The pupils f Grange twn High have been busy getting t knw their newest and tallest classmate, a 7-meter-tall giraffe utside their schl
The giraffe is a huge sculpture made by a lcal artist. The schl's headmaster nticed the sculpture in the artist's garden as he drve past ne day. He thught it wuld be perfect fr his schl. “I knew everyne wuld lve it,” he said, “because ur basketball team is knwn as Grange twn giraffes, and they wear giraffes n their shirts. S I asked them t write a letter t the artist, asking hw much it wuld cst t buy the giraffe. He was very kind and gt it ready t deliver in six weeks - all fr nthing. It was expected t arrive n Sunday mrning s that the pupils wuld see it when they gt t schl n Mnday - at that time they had n idea that we were getting it.
The artist, Tm Bennett, was a university prfessr f chemistry befre he left that jb in 2006 and nly tk up metalwrk a cuple f years ag. “I've always drawn pictures,” he said, “I can even remember ding it n my first day at schl - I drew a hrse. I wanted it t be the best hrse picture ever, but I dn't think I succeeded.” Tm's first metalwrk was a bicycle fr tw that he and his wife culd g cycling n tgether. “It was a mst uncmfrtable bike ever created,” he said, “S I gave up making bicycles and went int sculpture instead.”
Meanwhile, the pupils at Grange twn High are very happy with their new classmate. “We are ging t hld a cmpetitin t give it a prper name.” said ne girl. “Everyne likes the expressin n his face, s perhaps that will give us sme ideas.”
5．When the pupils gt t schl n Mnday, they prbably felt _______________.
A．excitedB．nervusC．wrriedD．cnfident
【答案】5．A
5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It was expected t arrive n Sunday mrning s that the pupils wuld see it when they gt t schl n Mnday - at that time they had n idea that we were getting it.（它预计会在周日早上到达，这样学生们周一到校时就能看到它了——那时他们还不知道我们收到了它。）”及最后一段“Meanwhile, the pupils at Grange twn High are very happy with their new classmate.（与此同时，格兰其镇高中的学生们也对他们的新同学感到非常高兴。）”可推测，当学生们在周一早上看到长颈鹿时非常兴奋。故选A项。
考点三 主旨大意题
【典例分析】（21·22上·学业考试）The pupils f Grange twn High have been busy getting t knw their newest and tallest classmate, a 7-meter-tall giraffe utside their schl
The giraffe is a huge sculpture made by a lcal artist. The schl's headmaster nticed the sculpture in the artist's garden as he drve past ne day. He thught it wuld be perfect fr his schl. “I knew everyne wuld lve it,” he said, “because ur basketball team is knwn as Grange twn giraffes, and they wear giraffes n their shirts. S I asked them t write a letter t the artist, asking hw much it wuld cst t buy the giraffe. He was very kind and gt it ready t deliver in six weeks - all fr nthing. It was expected t arrive n Sunday mrning s that the pupils wuld see it when they gt t schl n Mnday - at that time they had n idea that we were getting it.
The artist, Tm Bennett, was a university prfessr f chemistry befre he left that jb in 2006 and nly tk up metalwrk a cuple f years ag. “I've always drawn pictures,” he said, “I can even remember ding it n my first day at schl - I drew a hrse. I wanted it t be the best hrse picture ever, but I dn't think I succeeded.” Tm's first metalwrk was a bicycle fr tw that he and his wife culd g cycling n tgether. “It was a mst uncmfrtable bike ever created,” he said, “S I gave up making bicycles and went int sculpture instead.”
Meanwhile, the pupils at Grange twn High are very happy with their new classmate. “We are ging t hld a cmpetitin t give it a prper name.” said ne girl. “Everyne likes the expressin n his face, s perhaps that will give us sme ideas.”
7．What's the main idea f the text?
A．It was a difficult jb t name a giraffe.
B．Tm Bennett is well-knwn as a sculptr.
C．A metal giraffe arrived at Grange twn High.
D．The Grange twn Giraffe is a strng basketball team.
【答案】 7．C
7．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The pupils f Grange twn High have been busy getting t knw their newest and tallest classmate, a 7-meter-tall giraffe utside their schl.（格兰其镇高中的学生们一直在忙着认识他们最新的、最高的同学，一只7米高的长颈鹿。）”及第二段“The giraffe is a huge sculpture made by a lcal artist.（长颈鹿是当地一位艺术家制作的巨大雕塑。）”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一只金属长颈鹿来到格兰其镇高中。故选C项。
考点四 词句猜测题
（21·22上·学业考试）Have yu ever wanted t stp eating smething sweet but yu just culdn’t? Is it the first thing yu d when yu get hme frm schl t lk in the biscuit tin? Can yu eat a huge bar f chclate all by yurself? Can yu say “n” t sweets at parties? If yu can’t, then there is a reasn … perhaps yu are a sugar addict! Des that sund funny? Well, dctrs say that peple wh eat sweets regularly can easily becme addicted t sugar. What’s mre, mst sugar addicts dn’t even realize that they are addicted! Sugar addictin is serius because it can really damage yur health. Dctrs say that we shuld eat fd which is healthy such as fresh fruits and vegetables, and that we shuldn’t eat a lt f sugar, fat r fast fd. But sugar addicts can’t fllw this advice. They knw they must stp eating sweet fd, but they can’t.
S what can yu d if yu think yu are addicted t the taste f sugar? Well, here is sme advice:
Eat sme fresh fruits when yu really want smething sweet t eat.
Cut dwn sme sweet fd slwly.
Dn’t try t stp eating it at nce.
Yu have t tell yur parents. If they knw, they will help yu.
13．What des the underlined wrd “damage” mean?
A．be harmful tB．be gd frC．be kind tD．be srry fr
【答案】13．A
13．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“Sugar addictin is serius”（糖瘾很严重）和划线单词后句“Dctrs say that we shuld eat fd which is healthy such as fresh fruits and vegetables, and that we shuldn’t eat a lt f sugar, fat r fast fd.”（医生说，我们应该吃健康的食物，如新鲜水果和蔬菜，我们不应该吃太多的糖，脂肪或快餐。）可知，糖瘾是个很严重的问题，而且医生也建议我们不应该吃太多的糖。由此可推断出，划线单词所在句“because it can really damage yur health”表示的是“因为糖瘾真的会损害你的健康”，“be harmful t”意为“对……有害”，符合句意。故选A项。
（22·23下·佳木斯·学业考试）Cmmunicatin is a prblem fr parents and children f all ages. If it’s hard fr yu t cmmunicate with yur parents, dn’t wrry abut it. Here is sme advice fr yu.
Dn’t argue with yur parents. Dn’t try t talk abut smething with yur parents when yu are angry. Yur parents prbably wn’t listen t yu if yu are shuting at them. G smewhere else t cl ff. Then think abut what yu want t say t yur parents. If yu think yu can’t speak t them at the mment, try writing a letter t them.
Try t understand yur parents. Yur parents may think differently frm yu. Tell yur parents what yu think, what yu care abut and why. Perhaps yu and yur parents disagree n smething. Put yurself in their shes and yu may find a better way ut.
Michael’s mther didn’t agree with him abut buying a mtrcycle. They argued ver it. But they finally came t an agreement. Michael bught the mtrcycle, but nly drve it n certain days.
It is als imprtant t shw yur lve t yur parents. Try t d sme small things at hme, like making them a cup f tea, helping d sme chres, and s n. It helps t keep yur relatinship clser. A gd relatinship with yur parents can make yu a better and happier persn. It is wrth having a try.
1．The passage mainly talks abut the cmmunicatin prblem between ________.
A．parents and schl teachers
B．schl kids and their parents
C．teachers and their students
D．parents and children f all ages
2．Yur parents prbably wn’t listen t yu if yu dn’t ________.
A．shw yur lve t themB．ften stay with them
C．speak t them plitelyD．d chres fr them
3．The stry f Micheal shws that it’s imprtant t ________.
A．understand each ther
B．stay away frm yur parents
C．argue with each ther
D．disagree with yur parents
4．Ding sme small things at hme can make yur parents feel that ________.
A．yu are happyB．yu lve themC．yu like chresD．yu are relaxed
5．Which f the fllwing is NOT true?
A．It’s certainly necessary t shw yur lve t yur parents.
B．It’s hard fr all the teenagers t cmmunicate with their parents.
C．Think it ver befre yu want t talk t yur parents abut smething.
D．Put yurself in yur parents’ shes and yu may find sme gd ways t cmmunicate with yur parents.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了一个普遍性问题，即，父母和各个年龄段的孩子之间的沟通问题，并提出了一些建议。
1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段内容“Cmmunicatin is a prblem fr parents and children f all ages. If it’s hard fr yu t cmmunicate with yur parents, dn’t wrry abut it. Here is sme advice fr yu.(沟通对父母和所有年龄段的孩子来说都是一个问题。如果你和父母沟通有困难，不要担心。这是给你的一些建议。)”可知，这篇文章主要讨论了父母和各个年龄段的孩子之间的沟通问题。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Yur parents prbably wn’t listen t yu if yu are shuting at them.(如果你对父母大喊大叫，他们可能不会听你的。)”可知，当你对父母大喊大叫，用不礼貌的方式沟通时，父母可能不会听你讲话。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。分析前后文语境可知，Micheal的例子“Michael’s mther didn’t agree with him abut buying a mtrcycle. They argued ver it. But they finally came t an agreement. Michael bught the mtrcycle, but nly drve it n certain days.(Micheal的母亲不同意他买摩托车。他们为此争论起来。但他们最终达成了协议。Micheal买了摩托车，但只在特定的日子里开。)”中讲到了“Micheal与母亲在买摩托车方面发生了矛盾，而最终相互有了协议，使事情达成”，因此可知，这是为了作为举例论证前一段提到的论点“Try t understand yur parents.(努力理解你的父母。)”，“Put yurself in their shes and yu may find a better way ut.(设身处地为他们想想，你可能会找到更好的出路。)”。由此可推知，该例子是为了表明子女和父母相互理解的重要性。故选A项。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“It is als imprtant t shw yur lve t yur parents. Try t d sme small things at hme, like making them a cup f tea, helping d sme chres, and s n.(向父母表达你的爱也很重要。尽力在家里做一些小事情，比如给他们泡杯茶，帮他们做一些家务等等。)”可知，在家里做一些小事情可以让父母感受到你对他们的爱。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Cmmunicatin is a prblem fr parents and children f all ages.(沟通对父母和所有年龄段的孩子来说都是一个问题。)”可知，文中讲到沟通困难这一问题存在于父母和所有年龄段的孩子，即，这是一个普遍性的问题，但并非说“所有的青少年都很难与父母沟通”这一含义。因此，B项“It’s hard fr all the teenagers t cmmunicate with their parents.(所有的青少年都很难与父母沟通。)”表述错误。故选B项。
（22·23·学业考试）Windws pen? Fans n? Ready fr anther water break? Fr schls acrss Greater Trnt, the extremely ht temperatures prvided sme lessns in hw t beat the heat—r at least attempt t—withut air cnditining. It wasn’t easy. With sme classrm temperatures getting clse t 40℃—ne teacher even handed ut temperature meters t see hw ht it gt—bth students and educatrs were red-faced and bathed with sweat all day.
The extreme weather had sme parents wndering if their children shuld be spending mst f the day inside ht schls, and a few chse t keep them hme. Very few schls acrss Greater Trnt are air-cnditined. There are n rules r requirements that schls shut dwn as the temperature rises.
At Bwmre public schl, near Cxwell Ave. and Gerrard St. E, teachers arrive at 7 am and pen all the drs and windws t circulate fresh air. The windws at the schl, replaced in stages ver the past few years, swing in at the tp, and ut at the bttm t prvide better air flw.
“Is it ht? Yes. Is it smething that makes us feel uncmfrtable? Yes,” said Headmaster Lilian Hansn. Despite that, she said she’d never advcate fr air cnditiners in schls, which are expensive and wuld cnsume the city’s electric pwer. She’d rather see mre gardens, mre trees—mre natural slutins, mre sustainable chices.
“We are teaching kids t make gd chices,” she said. “Scial respnsibility is the key.” Students frm kindergarten t Grade 8 seek pleasant places under trees and in the utdr peaceful garden during the break time between classes and after schl as the trees there prvide much-needed shade. Teachers als take classes with students ut there during the day. And kids d get the message abut staying cl. Students are reminded t dress in cl clthing. When Hansn arrived at wrk in a dark-clred dress, a student asked her: “What were yu thinking wearing a black dress n a day like tday?”
6．What can be learned abut the new windws at Bwmre public schl?
A．They can let air in and ut cntinuusly.
B．They can let mre light in.
C．They can stp the nise.
D．They can cllect rains.
7．Why was Lilian Hansn against fixing air cnditiners in schls?
A．She thught the heat bearable.
B．The schls hadn’t enugh mney.
C．The city lacked enugh pwer.
D．She was cncerned mre abut envirnment.
8．Hw did the student feel after seeing Hansn in a dark-clred dress?
A．Frightened.B．Puzzled.C．Embarrassed.D．Interested.
9．What is the main idea f the last paragraph?
A．The students enjy studying utdrs.
B．The schl is unfriendly t the students.
C．The schl beats the heat in different ways.
D．The students are free t learn anything they like.
【答案】6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，天气酷热难耐，学校老师和孩子们采用各种方式避暑，在校长看来，这些方法都有利于保护环境。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The windws at the schl, replaced in stages ver the past few years, swing in at the tp, and ut at the bttm t prvide better air flw. (学校的窗户在过去几年里被分阶段更换，在顶部摆动，在底部摆动，以提供更好的空气流通)”可知，在鲍莫尔公立学校，窗户可以连续地让空气进出。故选A项。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“She’d rather see mre gardens, mre trees—mre natural slutins, mre sustainable chices. (她宁愿看到更多的花园，更多的树木——更多自然的解决方案，更可持续的选择)”可推知，Lilian Hansn反对在学校里安装空调是因为她更关心环境。故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Students are reminded t dress in cl clthing.When Hansn arrived at wrk in a dark-clred dress, a student asked her: “What were yu thinking wearing a black dress n a day like tday?” (学生们被提醒穿凉爽的衣服。当Hansn穿着深色的裙子去上班时，一个学生问她：“像今天这样的天气，你穿着黑色的裙子在想什么？”)”可推知，看见Hansn穿着深色的裙子去上班，学生们认为黑色不会凉爽，表示很困惑。故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段““We are teaching kids t make gd chices,” she said. “Scial respnsibility is the key.” Students frm kindergarten t Grade 8 seek pleasant places under trees and in the utdr peaceful garden during the break time between classes and after schl as the trees there prvide much-needed shade. Teachers als take classes with students ut there during the day. And kids d get the message abut staying cl. Students are reminded t dress in cl clthing. (“我们在教孩子们做出正确的选择，”她说。“社会责任是关键。”从幼儿园到八年级的学生，在课间休息时间和放学后，在树下和室外宁静的花园里寻找舒适的地方，因为那里的树提供了急需的遮荫。老师也会在白天和学生一起上课。孩子们确实得到了保持凉爽的信息。学生们被提醒穿凉爽的衣服。)”可知，文章最后一段主要介绍了学校师生用各种环保的方法来应对酷热。故选C项。
（22·23·学业考试）If yu’ve always wanted t grw yur wn fruits and vegetables but culd never quite make the time fr it-technlgy is here t help yu.
At first glance, technlgy and farming dn’t g hand in hand, but that’s ld schl thinking. In this day and age, technlgy and farming are a perfect match. With cheap sensrs (传感器), simple phne apps, and available equipment, yu can build yur very wn farming rbt.
Give it pwer, water, and Wi-Fi, and it will take care f the rest. FarmBt can plant water, weed, and mnitr the sil and plants with an array f sensrs. All yu need t d(is harvest the prduce nce it’s dne.
FarmBt is an pen-surce rbt develped by a cmpany. It runs n tracks, and uses game-like pen-surce sftware. Everything is custmizable (可定制的) and adaptable. Yu design yur land and drp plants nt a virtual map f yur land, The seeds are spaced autmatically, and yu can apply different grwing plans. It can be cntrlled by a phne, tablet, r cmputer.
FarmBt is an example f precisin farming-a series f tls and techniques that enable farmers t ptimize (充分利用) their resurces and increase harvest, while als (being mre sustainable. Fr instance, a sil humidity sensr lets yu knw when it’s time t water the plants, r a nutrient detectr lets yu knw which areas (if any) need anymre nutrients.
Back in the day, precisin farming wuld require heavy and expensive equipment. But recently, the miniaturizatin (小型化) f sensrs, tgether with the use f smartphnes; Internet, and apps, has made it much mre accessible, FarmBt is taking that idea and applying it-n green thumb (特殊园艺才能) required.
10．What is playing an imprtant part in transfrming the traditinal farming?
A．Farmer.B．Rbt.C．Technlgy.
11．Which f the fllwing best describes FarmBt?
A．It can d all kinds f farm wrk
B．It can wrk accrding t yur plan
C．It can adapt well t a new envirnment
12．What can we say abut precisin farming?
A．It’s an easy prcess.
B．It’s highly cmpetitive
C．It’s prductive and envirnmentally friendly.
13．What message des the text cnvey?
A．Rbts can grw crps fr peple.
B．There is n need t grw yur wn fruits.
C．Technlgy is making life hard fr farmers
【答案】10．C 11．B 12．C 13．A
【导语】本文为说明文。文章介绍了借助科技，人们可以操控农场机器人来帮助自己种庄稼。
10．细节理解题。根据全文文意以及第二段“At first glance, technlgy and farming dn’t g hand in hand, but that’s ld schl thinking. In this day and age, technlgy and farming are a perfect match. With cheap sensrs (传感器), simple phne apps, and available equipment, yu can build yur very wn farming rbt.”（乍一看，科技和农业并不是齐头并进的，但这是老派的想法。在这个时代，科技和农业是完美的结合。有了便宜的传感器、简单的手机应用程序和可用的设备，你就可以建造自己的农业机器人。）可知，科技在使传统农业转型方面起着重要的作用。故选C项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“FarmBt is an pen-surce rbt develped by a cmpany. It runs n tracks, and uses game-like pen-surce sftware. Everything is custmizable (可定制的) and adaptable. Yu design yur land and drp plants nt a virtual map f yur land, The seeds are spaced autmatically, and yu can apply different grwing plans. It can be cntrlled by a phne, tablet, r cmputer.”（FarmBt是一家公司开发的开源机器人。它在轨道上运行，并使用类似游戏的开源软件。一切都是可定制的和可适应的。你可以设计你的土地并将植物放置在你的土地的虚拟地图上，种子自动间隔，你可以应用不同的种植计划。它可以通过手机、平板电脑或电脑来控制。）可知，FarmBt是开源机器人，它在轨道上运行，并使用类似游戏的开源软件。使用者可以用手机、平板电脑或电脑在虚拟地图上规划种植。由此可知，FarmBt可以按照人们的方案来工作。故选B项。
12．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的第一句“FarmBt is an example f precisin farming-a series f tls and techniques that enable farmers t ptimize (充分利用) their resurces and increase harvest, while als (being mre sustainable.”（FarmBt是精准农业的一个例子，它是一系列工具和技术，使农民能够优化他们的资源，增加收成，同时也更具可持续性。）可知，精准农业使农民能够充分利用他们的资源，提高产量，同时也更具可持续性。由此可知，它既多产又环保。故选C项。
13．主旨大意题。结合全文内容以及第二段中“In this day and age, technlgy and farming are a perfect match. With cheap sensrs(传感器), simple phne apps, and available equipment, yu can build yur very wn farming rbt.”（在这个时代，科技和农业是完美的结合。有了便宜的传感器、简单的手机应用程序和可用的设备，你就可以建造自己的农业机器人。）可知，本文讲述的是随着科技的发展，精准农业得到进一步发展，农场机器人来帮助人们种庄稼。故选A项。
（22·23·学业考试）If yu think f the jbs rbts culd never d, yu wuld prbably put dctrs and teachers at the tp f the list. But, in sme cases, they already perfrm better than dctrs at diagnsing (诊断) illness. Als sme patients might feel mre cmfrtable sharing persnal infrmatin with a machine than a persn. Culd there be a place fr rbts in educatin after all?
British educatin expert Anthny Seldn thinks s. And he even has a date fr the rbt takever f the classrm: 2027. He believes rbts will d the main jb f transferring infrmatin and teachers will be like assistants. Intelligent rbts will read students’ faces, mvements and maybe even brain signals. Then they will transfer the infrmatin t each student. It’s nt a ppular pinin and it’s unlikely rbts will ever have empathy (共情) and the ability t really cnnect with humans like anther human can.
One thing is certain, thugh. A rbt teacher is better than n teacher at all. In sme parts f the wrld, there aren’t enugh teachers and 9—16 percent f children under the age f 14 dn’t g t schl. Teachers all ver the wrld are leaving because it is a difficult and lwer-paid jb and they feel verwrked. That prblem culd be partly slved by rbts.
Perhaps the questin is nt “Will rbts replace teachers?” but “Hw can rbts help teachers?”. Teachers waste a lt f time ding nn-teaching wrk, including mre than 11 hurs a week marking hmewrk. If rbts culd cut the time teachers spend marking hmewrk and writing reprts, teachers wuld have mre time and energy fr the parts f the jb humans d best.
14．What des Anthny Seldn think f rbts in 2027?
A．Rbts can d mst teaching.B．Rbts will wrk as assistants.
C．Rbts can nly transfer infrmatin.D．Rbts will have empathy like humans.
15．Why are rbt teachers necessary?
A．Because rbt teachers cst less.B．Because rbt teachers teach better.
C．Because there aren’t enugh teachers.D．Because there are already rbt dctrs.
16．What is the meaning f the underlined wrd “takever” in Paragraph 2?
A．接管B．负责C．安排D．上课
17．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．Illness diagnsingB．Rbt teachers
C．Infrmatin transferringD．Educatin prblems
【答案】14．A 15．C 16．A 17．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了机器人在教育方面的应用以及机器人老师的作用。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段中“British educatin expert Anthny Seldn thinks s. And he even has a date fr the rbt takever f the classrm: 2027. He believes rbts will d the main jb f transferring infrmatin and teachers will be like assistants. (英国教育专家Anthny Seldn认为是这样的。他甚至还为机器人接管教室定下了日期：2027年。他认为机器人将承担传递信息的主要工作，教师将扮演助手的角色)”可知，Anthny Seldn认为到2027年机器人可以做大部分的教学工作。故选A项。
15．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In sme parts f the wrld, there aren’t enugh teachers and 9—16 percent f children under the age f 14 dn’t g t schl. Teachers all ver the wrld are leaving because it is a difficult and lwer-paid jb and they feel verwrked. That prblem culd be partly slved by rbts. (在世界上的一些地方，没有足够的教师，9—16%的14岁以下儿童没有上学。世界各地的教师都在离开，因为这是一份困难且收入较低的工作，他们觉得工作过度。机器人可以部分解决这个问题)”可知，因为没有足够的老师，所以需要机器人教师。故选C项。
16．词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“He believes rbts will d the main jb f transferring infrmatin and teachers will be like assistants. (他认为机器人将承担传递信息的主要工作，教师将扮演助手的角色)”可知，课堂中传递信息的工作将主要由机器人承担，教师则是助手。由此推知，机器人会接管课堂，takever意为“接管”。故选A项。
17．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段中“Culd there be a place fr rbts in educatin after all? (机器人到底能在教育中占有一席之地吗？)”和第二段中“British educatin expert Anthny Seldn thinks s. (英国教育专家Anthny Seldn认为是这样的)”可知，文章主要介绍了机器人将被应用于教育领域，扮演教师的角色，所以B项“Rbt teachers (机器人老师)”符合文章大意，最适合作为本文的标题。故选B项。
（21·22·学业考试）Paris is the capital f the Eurpean natin f France. It is als ne f the mst beautiful and mst famus cities in the wrld.
Paris is called the City f Light. It is als an internatinal fashin center. What wmen are wearing in Paris will be wrn by wmen all ver the wrld. Paris is als a famus wrld center f educatin. Fr example, it is where the headquarters f UNESCO, the United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin.
The Seine River divides the city int tw parts. Thirty-tw bridges crss this beautiful river. The ldest and perhaps mst well-knwn is the Pint Neuf, which was built in the sixteenth century. The Srbnne, a famus university, stands n the left bank f the river. There are many ther famus places in Paris, such as the famus museum, the Luvre, as well as the Ntre Dame. Hwever, the mst famus building in this city is Eiffel Twer.
Paris is named after a grup f peple called the Parisii. They built a small village n an island in the middle f the Seine River abut tw thusand years ag. This island, called the lle de la Cite, is where Ntre Dame lies. Tday arund eight millin peple live in the Paris area.
18．This article mainly tells us abut ________.
A．the buildings in ParisB．the general situatins f Paris
C．the center f the wrldD．the famus buildings alng the Seine River
19．The wrd “ headquarters” means________.
A．tall buildingsB．research centerC．imprtant areasD．main ffice
20．Frm the passage we may cnclude that________.
A．the clthes wrn by wmen in Paris are liked by wmen all ver the wrld
B．wmen in Paris sell their clthes all ver the wrld
C．wmen frm all ver the wrld g t Paris and wear their wn clthes
D．wmen frm all ver the wrld like t g t Paris t buy clthes
21．The building f ________is the mst famus building t the wrld.
A．UNESCOB．the Pnt NeufC．Eiffel TwerD．Ntre Dame
22．Which f the fllwing descriptins f Paris is NOT true accrding t the text?
A．Paris is the capital f the Eurpean natin f France.
B．Paris is called the City f Light.
C．The United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin is lcated in Paris.
D．The mst famus building in this city is the famus museum., the Luvre.
【答案】18．B 19．D 20．A 21．C 22．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍法国的首都巴黎的概况。
18．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“Paris is the capital f the Eurpean natin f France. It is als ne f the mst beautiful and mst famus cities in the wrld. (巴黎是欧洲国家法国的首都。它也是世界上最美丽、最著名的城市之一)”可知，文章主要介绍法国的首都巴黎的概况。故选B。
19．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Paris is als a famus wrld center f educatin. (巴黎也是世界著名的教育中心)”可推断下文的意思，“Fr example, it is where the headquarters f UNESCO, the United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin. (例如，联合国教育、科学及文化组织的总部就设在这里)”可知， headquarters是总部的意思，和D选项“main ffice (总公司)”同义，故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据第二段“It is als an internatinal fashin center. What wmen are wearing in Paris will be wrn by wmen all ver the wrld. (它也是一个国际时尚中心。巴黎的女人穿什么，全世界的女人都会穿什么)”可推知，巴黎的女人引领时尚的潮流，所以她们穿的衣服被全世界女人喜欢。故选A。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段“There are many ther famus places in Paris, such as the famus museum, the Luvre, as well as the Ntre Dame. Hwever, the mst famus building in this city is Eiffel Twer. (巴黎还有许多其他著名的地方，比如著名的博物馆，卢浮宫，还有巴黎圣母院。然而，这座城市最著名的建筑是埃菲尔铁塔)”可知，巴黎最著名的建筑是埃菲尔铁塔。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段“There are many ther famus places in Paris, such as the famus museum, the Luvre, as well as the Ntre Dame. Hwever, the mst famus building in this city is Eiffel Twer. (巴黎还有许多其他著名的地方，比如著名的博物馆，卢浮宫，还有巴黎圣母院。然而，这座城市最著名的建筑是埃菲尔铁塔)”可知，巴黎最著名的建筑是埃菲尔铁塔，所以D选项错误。故选D。
（22·23·学业考试）I’m nw at a special university where 46 speech and hearing impaired (受损) students graduate each year. Every mrning, I made it a practice f setting the intentin (意图) in my heart f “May I be a tl fr them t get what they need right nw?”.
Tday, ne girl came and sat dwn. I started with hw we usually d. She can speak but cannt hear and lip-read. I asked ne questin, and she went n fr 10 minutes straight, and in Tamil (泰米尔语). I understd a cuple f wrds here and there, s I understd that she was nt saying anything cnnected with what I asked. I just kept n listening t her withut speaking a wrd. This went n fr an hur and a half! Then, after a lng pause, I tld her t get back n track with anther questin. And then she shared fr anther half an hur straight! The whle time I was just lking in her eyes which wuld g here and there but cme back t me. In the end, I just gt up and hugged her and she was smiling wider.
Then I invited her t have juice with me. She said yes. What put me in a state f fear was realizing, just a few minutes later, that treating my new friend t sme juice was the first celebratin f my very first salary! A mnth ag, I started my first jb, and what a blessing t have this imprtant mment in my life be rted in genersity.
23．What was the writer’s intentin accrding t Paragraph 1?
A．A dubt.B．A wish.C．A struggle.D．A guess.
24．When the girl came, the writer _________.
A．required her t speak in EnglishB．discvered smething strange abut her
C．asked her questins as usualD．began t teach her t lip-read
25．What did the girl d in the cnversatin?
A．She asked the writer t speak.
B．She listened mst f the time herself.
C．She stared at the writer’s eyes all the time.
D．She went n talking fr 1.5 hurs befre a lng pause.
26．Hw did the writer feel after treating the girl t juice?
A．Glad.B．Regretful.C．Bitter.D．Grateful.
【答案】23．B 24．C 25．D 26．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一所为言语和听力受损的学生服务的特殊大学工作，这一天一个女生来了，虽然作者无法听懂她的话，但是一直在认真倾听，工作结束后作者用自己的第一份薪水请了女生喝果汁。
23．细节理解题。根据第一段“I’m nw at a special university where 46 speech and hearing impaired (受损) students graduate each year. Every mrning, I made it a practice f setting the intentin (意图) in my heart f “May I be a tl fr them t get what they need right nw?”. (我现在在一所特殊的大学，每年有46名言语和听力受损的学生毕业。每天早上，我都会在心里设下这样一个意图：我可以成为他们得到他们现在所需要的东西的工具吗？)”可知，作者设下的意图是希望自己能够帮助满足这些言语和听力受损的学生的需求，这是一个美好的愿望。故选B项。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Tday, ne girl came and sat dwn. I started with hw we usually d. She can speak but cannt hear and lip-read. I asked ne questin (今天，一个女孩走过来坐下。我从我们通常的做法开始。她能说话，但不能听，也不能读唇语。我问了一个问题)”可知，女孩过来以后，作者像往常一样问问题。故选C项。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I just kept n listening t her withut speaking a wrd. This went n fr an hur and a half! Then, after a lng pause, I tld her t get back n track with anther questin. (我只是不停地听她说话，一句话也没说。这种情况持续了一个半小时！然后，在长时间的停顿之后，我让她用另一个问题回到正题上来)”可知，在交谈中，女孩连续讲了一个半小时才停顿了很长一段时间。故选D项。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What put me in a state f fear was realizing, just a few minutes later, that treating my new friend t sme juice was the first celebratin f my very first salary! A mnth ag, I started my first jb, and what a blessing t have this imprtant mment in my life be rted in genersity. (让我感到恐惧的是，仅仅几分钟后，我就意识到请我的新朋友喝果汁是我第一次庆祝我的第一份薪水！一个月前，我开始了我的第一份工作，将生命中重要的一刻深植于慷慨是多么的幸运)”可知，作者是用自己的第一份薪水来请女孩喝果汁，这重要的一刻与慷慨待人相连，作者感到非常幸运。由此推知，作者请女孩喝果汁后感到很高兴。故选A项。
（22·23·学业考试）We were n ur way! In Wyming we wuld have a new hme. It was 1980 and my husband Gary and I were driving t Wyming with ur kids. After driving all day, we were hungry. S we stpped at a restaurant t have dinner.
After the dinner, we were n ur way again. Suddenly ur car hit ice n a bridge. As sn as the car started t slide. Gary tuched the brakes (刹车) but failed t cntrl the car. We were thrwn frm side t side against the guardrails (护巴). It tk sme time befre we slid t a stp, but unfrtunately ur car was ttally destryed.
Only minutes later, a car stpped by and the driver asked hw he might help, With his help, my husband was able t have ur car taken t Rapid City. Then he drve us t a htel in the city. He made sure we were safe befre he said gd night and left. The next mrning, the driver returned and drve us t find ur car s that we culd take back ur valuables. He lst at least half a day f wrk, all fr a family he had never met and wuld never see again.
With n car, ur family finally arrived in Gillette, where we had n friends. Thugh we were a little lnely, we all felt lucky and thankful t the amazing stranger whse service made such a difference t ur family.
27．Where was the writer’s new hme?
A．Rapid City.B．Wyming.C．Gillette.
28．When was the car ttally destryed?
A．Befre the dinner.B．During the dinner.C．After the dinner.
29．Wh helped the family?
A．An ld friend.B．A stranger.C．A family member.
30．Hw did the writer feel?
A．Lucky.B．AmazedC．Unlucky.
【答案】27．B 28．C 29．B 30．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家驱车前往怀俄明州的新家，因道路结冰而导致车发生故障，幸亏好心人的帮助才摆脱困境，并顺利到达新家。
27．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“We were n ur way! In Wyming we wuld have a new hme.”（我们已经上路了！在怀俄明州，我们将有一个新家）可知，作者的新家在怀俄明州。故选B项。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After the dinner, we were n ur way again.”（晚饭后，我们又上路了）以及“but unfrtunately ur car was ttally destryed.”（但不幸的是我们的车完全被毁了）可知，汽车几乎被毁发生在晚餐之后。故选C项。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He lst at least half a day f wrk, all fr a family he had never met and wuld never see again.”（他至少损失了半天的工作，这一切都是为了一个他从未见过、也永远不会再见的家庭）可知，帮助作者一家的是一个陌生人。故选B项。
30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“we all felt lucky and thankful t the amazing stranger whse service made such a difference t ur family.”（我们都感到很幸运，并感谢这位了不起的陌生人，他的帮助对我们的家庭产生了如此大的影响）可知，作者觉得自己很幸运。故选A项。
（22·23·学业考试）We use ur middle names when filling ut fficial papers, and when we write ur initials (姓名的首字母) n smething. But except that, we dn't use them every day. S why d we even have middle names in the first place?
Sme peple might answer, “If my mm has three names t shut at me, I knw I’m in truble.”
But there is histry behind it, and it dates back t ancient Rme. At that time, peple had three names, a persnal name, a family name, and anther name which shwed what branch f family yu were frm. The mre names yu had, the mre respected yu were by thers.
The way we use middle names tday started in the Middle Ages when Eurpeans named their children with the given name first, middle name secnd, and family name third. The traditin was spread t America as peple started t g verseas.
Tday, sme peple dn't even have middle names, sme prefer t be called by their middle names, and sme never even use theirs. But, just feel lucky that we dn't need t keep track f ur family tree like sme aristcrats (贵族) used t and end up with 38names.
31．Why d we have middle names in the first place?
A．They shw we are humrus.
B．They shw what branch f family we were frm.
C．Mms can have three names t shut at their children.
32．When did Eurpeans start t use middle names?
A．In the 1500s.B．In the Middle Ages.C．In ancient Rme.
33．Hw did the traditin f using middle names spread?
A．Ancient Rme-Eurpe-America
B．Eurpe--Ancient Rme-America
C．America--Ancient Rme-Eurpe
34．What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．It's Cl t Have 38 Names
B．We Dn't Need Family Names
C．Why We Have Middle Names
【答案】31．B 32．B 33．A 34．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了中间名不常在日常生活中被使用但又一开始就有中间名。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“At that time, peple had three names, a persnal name, a family name, and anther name which shwed what branch f family yu were frm. (那个时候，人们有三个名字，一个个人的名字，一个家族名字和另一个表明你来自哪个家族的名字。)”可知，另一个名字指代中间名，是用来表明你来自哪个家族的，故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The way we use middle names tday started in the Middle Ages when Eurpeans named their children with the given name first, middle name secnd, and family name third. (我们今天使用中间名的方式始于中世纪，当时欧洲人给他们的孩子起名字时，名字第一，中间名第二，姓氏第三。)”可知，欧洲人是在中世纪的时候开始使用中间名，故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But there is histry behind it, and it dates back t ancient Rme. (但是它背后是有历史的，它追溯到罗马。)”和第四段“The way we use middle names tday started in the Middle Ages when Eurpeans named their children with the given name first, middle name secnd, and family name third. The traditin was spread t America as peple started t g verseas. (我们今天使用中间名的方式始于中世纪，当时欧洲人给他们的孩子起名字时，名字第一，中间名第二，姓氏第三。随着人们开始出国，这一传统就传播到了美国。)”可知，使用中间名这一传统是从古罗马开始，传到欧洲之后再到美国的，故选A。
34．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“We use ur middle names when filling ut fficial papers, and when we write ur initials (姓名的首字母) n smething. But except that, we dn't use them every day. S why d we even have middle names in the first place? (当我们填写正式文件时以及在一些东西上写我们姓名的首字母时，我们会使用中间名。除此之外，我们并不是每天使用它们。那么，为什么我们一开始就有中间名呢？)”可知，文章第一段提出问题，后文围绕这个问题展开讲，主要解释了使用中间名的原因，故C项“我们为什么有中间名”符合文章标题，故选C。
（22·23·学业考试）If English means endless new wrds, difficult grammar and smetimes strange prnunciatin, yu are wrng. Haven’t yu nticed that yu have becme smarter since yu started t learn a language? Accrding t a new study by a British university, learning a secnd language can lead t an increase in yur brain pwer. Researchers fund that learning ther languages changes grey matter. This is the area f the brain which prcesses infrmatin, It is similar t the way that exercise builds muscles.
Scans (扫描) shwed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in peple withut a secnd language.
“Our findings suggest that the structure f the brain is changed by the experience f learning a secnd language,” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability t learn.
Prfessr Dylan Vaughan Jnes f the University f Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. “Having tw languages gives yu tw windws n the wrld and makes the brain mre flexible,” he said, “Yu are actually ging beynd language and have a better understanding f different ideas.”
The findings were matched in a study f native Italian speakers wh had learned English as a secnd language between the ages f tw and thirty-fur. Reading, writing, and cmprehensin were all tested, The results shwed that the yunger they started t learn, the better, “Studying a language means yu get an entrance t anther wrld, ”explained the scientists.
35．If yu are learning a secnd language, hw will yu be?
A．Lazier.B．Happier.C．Smarter.
36．What des grey matter prcess?
A．Diseases.B．Emtin.C．Infrmatin.
37．What is the meaning f the underlined wrd “bilingualism”?
A．The ability t speak ne language.
B．The ability t speak tw languages.
C．The ability t speak three languages
38．Accrding t the last paragraph, what were tested in a study?
A．Writing, listening, and reading.
B．Reading, writing, and translating.
C．Writing, cmprehensin, and reading.
【答案】35．C 36．C 37．B 38．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了学习第二外语可以提高人的智力。
35．细节理解题。根据第一段“Haven’t yu nticed that yu have becme smarter since yu started t learn a language? Accrding t a new study by a British university, learning a secnd language can lead t an increase in yur brain pwer. (你没有注意到，自从你开始学习一门语言以来，你变得更聪明了吗？根据英国一所大学的一项新研究，学习第二语言可以提高你的脑力)”可知，如果你正在学习第二语言，你会变得更聪明。故选C。
36．细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers fund that learning ther languages changes grey matter. This is the area f the brain which prcesses infrmatin, It is similar t the way that exercise builds muscles.(研究人员发现，学习其他语言会改变灰质。这是大脑处理信息的区域，类似于锻炼锻炼肌肉的方式)”可知，灰质是大脑中处理信息的一块区域。故选C。
37．词句猜测题。根据第四段““Having tw languages gives yu tw windws n the wrld and makes the brain mre flexible, ” he said, “Yu are actually ging beynd language and have a better understanding f different ideas.” (他说：“拥有两种语言可以让你看到世界的两扇窗户，让大脑更灵活，你实际上超越了语言，对不同的想法有了更好的理解。”)”可知，Dylan Vaughan Jnes教授谈到拥有两种语言的益处，所以他研究的是可以说两种语言与数学技巧之间的联系，推测划线单词bilingualism表示“双语能力”，即“说两种语言的能力”。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Reading, writing, and cmprehensin were all tested. (阅读、写作和理解能力都接受了测试)”可知，在研究中测试了阅读、写作和翻译。故选C。
（22·23·学业考试）Can yu imagine that there are a huge number f tiny waste pieces in the Arctic (北极的) sea ice? Because f the waste pieces, 30,000 kinds f animals are in danger. It’s true that ne persn’s acts alne can’t help the planet. But each ne f us can find ways t make ur cntributins.
In the hme, we culd try nt t waste fds. Use a digital meal planner t get a right amunt f fd s that everything we buy and ck gets eaten. Learn hw t stre fds t keep them fresh lnger. Be sure t use prper ways t keep ur hme warm. Fr example we can replace ld windws with energy-saving nes.
At the stre, we culd green ur habits. Buy reusable plates, but nt single-use nes. Buy hme tissue nt made f materials which may lead t destructin f frests. Buy glass cups instead f paper nes.
In the cmmunity, we culd help keep its plants healthy. Take part in tree-planting prjects r grass-cutting activities t help plants grw well.
Our actins alne can’t save the planet, but the abve ways and habits can help.
39．In which sea can we find many tiny waste pieces accrding t the text?
A．The Arctic sea.B．The Atlantic sea.C．The Indian sea.
40．What can we d t help in the hme?
A．T buy hme tissue.B．T ck delicius fds.C．T keep fds fresh lnger.
41．What des the underlined wrd “destructin” in the passage mean?
A．The act f building smething.
B．The act f destrying smething.
C．The act f prtecting smething.
42．What des the authr think f the ways?
A．Useless.B．Helpful.C．Dubtful.
【答案】39．A 40．C 41．B 42．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。很多动物处于危险中，我们每个人都应为保护动物而贡献力量。文章就此给出了一些建议。
39．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Can yu imagine that there are a huge number f tiny waste pieces in the Arctic (北极的) sea ice?(你能想象在北极的海冰里有大量的小碎片吗？)”可知，北冰洋海冰中有很多微型垃圾碎片。故选A。
40．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Learn hw t stre fds t keep them fresh lnger.(学习如何储存食物，使其保鲜更长时间)”可知，学会储存食物来让其保持新鲜就可以避免食物浪费。故选C。
41．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Buy hme tissue nt made f materials which may lead t destructin f frests.(购买不使用可能导致森林destructin的材料制成的家用卫生纸)及常识可知，有些卫生纸是用木材制作的，这会对森林造成破坏，此处指购买不使用可能导致森林破坏的材料制成的家用卫生纸。由此可知，划线词destructin与The act f destrying smething.“破坏某物的行为”意思接近。故选B。
42．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It’s true that ne persn’s acts alne can’t help the planet. But each ne f us can find ways t make ur cntributins.(的确，一个人的行为不能帮助地球。但我们每个人都能找到自己的贡献)”及最后一段“Our actins alne can’t save the planet, but the abve ways and habits can help.(我们的行动本身并不能拯救地球，但是以上的方法和习惯可以帮助我们)”可推知，作者认为这些方法是有帮助。故选B。
一
Cheating can happen in a lt f different ways. When peple cheat, it’s nt fair t ther peple, like the kids wh studied fr the test r wh were the true winners f a game. Many peple like the actin f cheating. It makes difficult things seem easy, like getting all the right answers n the test. But it desn’t slve the prblem f nt knwing the material and it wn’t help n the next test— unless the persn cheats again.
Sme peple lse respect fr cheaters and think less f them. The cheaters themselves may feel bad because they knw they are nt really earning that gd grade. And, if they get caught cheating, they will be in truble at schl, and maybe at hme, t.
Sme kids cheat because they’re busy r lazy and they want t get gd grades withut spending the time studying. Other kids might feel like they can’t pass the test withut cheating. Even when there seems t be a “gd reasn” fr cheating, cheating isn’t a gd idea.
If yu were sick r upset abut smething the night befre and culdn’t study, it wuld be better t talk with the teacher abut this. And if yu dn’t have enugh time t study fr a test because f swim practice, yu need t talk with yur parents abut hw t balance swimming and schl.
A kid wh thinks cheating is the nly way t pass a test needs t talk with the teacher and his r her parents s they can find sme slutins tgether. Talking abut these prblems and wrking them ut will feel better than cheating.
1．The authr thinks that when kids cheat in class, ________.
A．it des harm t their healthB．it is unfair t ther peple
C．teachers shuld punish themD．teachers shuldn’t stp them at nce
2．The third paragraph mainly tells us ________.
A．cheating isn’t a gd ideaB．sme kids can’t pass the test withut cheating
C．why kids cheat in the testD．sme kids dn’t spend the time studying
3．We can learn frm the passage ________.
A．cheaters are ften thught highly f
B．parents whse kids cheat are ften in truble
C．kids cheat in the test because f swim practice
D．peple shw n respect fr thse wh cheat
4．In the passage thse cheaters are advised t ________.
A．find gd slutins instead f cheatingB．spend mre time n schl than n sprts
C．try hard t be intelligent rather than lazyD．ask their classmates fr gd methds f study
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作弊的形式多种多样，作弊对其他人是不公平的。作弊的学生认为不用付出努力就能获得高分，这种坐享其成的想法是不可取的。作弊不是最好的办法，应该主动跟老师或父母交谈，寻求更好的解决办法。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When peple cheat, it’s nt fair t ther peple, like the kids wh studied fr the test r wh were the true winners f a game. (当人们作弊时，这对其他人来说是不公平的，比如那些为考试而学习的孩子，或者那些真正的比赛赢家。)”可知，作弊对其他人不公平，故选B项。
2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Sme kids cheat because they’re busy r lazy and they want t get gd grades withut spending the time studying. Other kids might feel like they can’t pass the test withut cheating. Even when there seems t be a ‘gd reasn’ fr cheating, cheating isn’t a gd idea.(一些孩子作弊是因为他们很忙或者很懒，他们想在不花时间学习的情况下取得好成绩。其他孩子可能觉得他们不作弊就不能通过考试。 即使作弊似乎有一个‘很好的理由’，作弊也不是一个好主意)”可知，本段主要解释孩子在考试中作弊的原因。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sme peple lse respect fr cheaters and think less f them. (有些人会对作弊者失去尊重，对他们的评价也会降低)”可知，人们不尊重那些作弊的人。故选D项。
4．细节理解题。由文章最后一段“A kid wh thinks cheating is the nly way t pass a test needs t talk with the teacher and his r her parents s they can find sme slutins tgether. Talking abut these prblems and wrking them ut will feel better than cheating.(一个认为作弊是通过考试的唯一途径的孩子需要与老师和他或她的父母谈谈，这样他们才能一起找到一些解决方案。谈论这些问题并解决它们会比作弊感觉更好。)”可知，作者建议那些作弊者找到好的解决方案，而不是作弊。故选A项。
二
Sir David Attenbrugh has devted his life t the natural wrld and envirnmental causes. His wrk has raised awareness f the threats that habitats face, and it reminds us hw we are all cnnected. It’s this devtin t science that has earned him multiple hnrs and awards. It’s really awe-inspiring t see hw many he has, using a unique way t shine a light n just hw many he hlds.
David Attenbrugh’s name cmprises 17 letters, r 20 if yu want t thrw the “Sir” distinctin he earned when he was knighted (封为爵士) by Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ in 1985. After thse, there are 39 mre letters cncerning the multiple rders he has been awarded and scieties he’s a member f. These letters are: OM, GSMG, CH, CVO, CBE, FRS, FSA, FRSA, FLS, FZS, FRSGS and FRSB．
But what d these letters mean? It’s easier t first divide them amng rders and scieties. The frmer are OM, GSMG, CH, CVO, CBE, and s n. These are handed ut by the Ryal Family fr “exceptinal service” and “majr cntributins” twards the advancement f the Arts, Learning, Literature, and Science.
The latter are fellwships that illustrate Attenbrugh’s wide interests and tpics he’s an expert in. Beynd his titles, the 96-year-ld naturalist has reached far and wide. His lve fr nature can be traced back t childhd when he spent his days cllecting fssils, stnes, and natural samples. Attenbrugh went n t study Natural Sciences at Cambridge befre jining the BBC as a prducer in 1952.
Thrughut the English-speaking wrld, he is knwn fr his cntributins t the natural histry dcumentary, particularly the pwerful Life cllectin, which cvers the subjects f animal and plant life n Earth. While the hnrs he has gtten pay tribute (致敬) t his achievements and dedicatin, his true pride likely lives in every persn wh decides t take a stand t prtect ur planet.
5．What’s the significance f Attenbrugh’s cntributin t the envirnment?
A．It has brught him a lt f hnrs.
B．It causes the Ryal Family t give help.
C．It prvides peple with many gd prgrams.
D．It awakens peple’s envirnmental awareness.
6．What des the authr intend t tell us in paragraphs 2 and 3?
A．The great hnrs David Attenbrugh has gt.
B．The different kinds f hnrs fr different areas.
C．The hardness t get hnrs frm the Ryal Family.
D．The reasn why David Attenbrugh was awarded.
7．What can we knw abut Attenbrugh frm paragraph 4?
A．He spent mst time playing utside when yung.
B．His jb was cnnected with his majr at cllege.
C．His interest in nature began when he was yung.
D．His interest changed after he attended the cllege.
8．Which can best describe Attenbrugh?
A．Frtunate.B．Critical.C．Strng-minded.D．Devted.
【答案】5．D 6．A 7．C 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了致力于环境实业的BBC制片人Sir David Attenbrugh的事迹。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“His wrk has raised awareness f the threats that habitats face, and it reminds us hw we are all cnnected.(他的工作提高了人们对栖息地面临的威胁的认识，并提醒我们，我们是如何联系在一起的。)”可知，他的工作让人们提高了人们对栖息地的威胁的认识，并提醒我们是如何被联系在一起的，由此可知，他的工作唤醒了人们的环保意识。故选D项。
6．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“David Attenbrugh’s name cmprises 17 letters, r 20 if yu want t thrw the “Sir” distinctin he earned when he was knighted (封为爵士) by Queen Elizabeth II in 1985.( David Attenbrugh的名字由17个字母组成，如果你想加上他在1985年被英国女王伊丽莎白二世封为爵士时获得的“爵士”称号，那就是20个字母。)”可知，David Attenbrugh被伊丽莎白二世封为“爵士”称号，以及第三段中的“These are handed ut by the Ryal Family fr “exceptinal service” and “majr cntributins” twards the advancement f the Arts, Learning, Literature, and Science.(这些勋章由王室颁发给在艺术、学习、文学和科学领域做出“杰出贡献”和“重大贡献”的人。)”可知，讲述是David Attenbrugh获得的这些勋章都是往事颁发给做出“杰出贡献”和“重大贡献”的人，由此可知，作者在第二段和第三段主要讲述David Attenbrugh获得的荣誉。故选A项。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His lve fr nature can be traced back t childhd when he spent his days cllecting fssils, stnes, and natural samples.(他对自然的热爱可以追溯到童年时代，那时他整天收集化石、石头和自然样本。)”可知，他对大自然的热爱可以追溯到他的童年时期，由此可知，从很小的时候Attenbrugh就对自然感兴趣。故选C项。
8．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Sir David Attenbrugh has devted his life t the natural wrld and envirnmental causes.( David Attenbrugh毕生致力于自然世界和环境事业。)”以及下文中介绍的David Attenbrugh对环保事业做出的贡献以及获得的荣誉看，他对环保事业是有献身精神的。故选D项。
三
The standard schl field trip ften includes an uting t a museum, but a new resurce prvides guidance n hw t bring a museum int the classrm. As part f the Mbile Museum Prject, the Ryal Hllway, University f Lndn, and the Kew Ryal Btanic Gardens teamed up t create a Curaring (管理) a schl museum: Teachers’handbk. The prject, which can be used fr any age grup, turns the traditinal understanding f a museum n its head: “The primary aim f bject-based learning shuld be t learn frm rather than abut bjects.”
Asking questins such as, “What d yu want peple t learn and why?” and “Wh are yu hping t attract and why?” help students understand the purpse f their exhibit. Cllecting the bjects fr the museum is a learning prcess in and f itself: “culturally significant” bjects, such as an bject passed dwn thrugh a family r an bject frm a student’s hme cuntry, can generate strytelling and help students build a sense f histrical understanding and empathy (共鸣) . Such a prcess can encurage students t think independently and critically, thus making their mind quicker and sharper.
Once gathered, students can practice thematic (主题的) gruping by dividing the bjects int different kinds, “scientific, thematic, r gegraphic,” befre rganizing the cllectin fr final exhibit. Students might be asked t create an explanatry series t shw the relatinship between bjects. Fr example, an exhibit descriptin might shw the changes f an bject: “wheat seeds t wheat seedlings, t flur, and t flur prducts”. Designing and writing labels (标签) prvide anther way t incrprate strytelling int the curating prcess.
The museum cncept is a brad frm that can be used—and rerganized—t cmbine different subjects. After the prject’s cmpletin, be sure t cllect advice, even criticism frm students. Did students learn new things frm the bjects? Students can wrk tgether t explre “what wrked and what didn’t wrk, and what might be dne differently next time” This gives students a chance t critically grade their wn wrk.
9．What is the main purpse f the Mbile Museum Prject?
A．T help students make their wn bjects.
B．T encurage students t jin the team.
C．T get students t learn frm bjects.
D．T intrduce students t museums.
10．What can we cnclude frm the secnd paragraph?
A．Strytelling skills are valued in the prcess.
B．Students are required t learn t run a museum.
C．It is imprtant t questin befre hlding an exhibitin.
D．T stage an exhibitin can sharpen students’mind.
11．What des the underlined wrd “incrprate” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Translate.B．Divide.
C．Include.D．Thrw.
12．What des the authr advise us t d in the last paragraph?
A．Review the prject.B．Get familiar with a subject.
C．Learn t grade ne’s wrk.D．Find time t see the wrld.
【答案】9．C 10．D 11．C 12．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作为移动博物馆项目的一部分，皇家霍洛威、伦敦大学和邱皇家植物园合作创建了一个学校博物馆：教师手册。该项目可用于任何年龄段，颠覆了人们对博物馆的传统理解。由此，文章介绍了基于对象的学习。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The primary aim f bject-based learning shuld be t learn frm rather than abut bjects. (基于对象的学习的主要目的应该是从对象中学习，而不是学习对象。)”可知移动博物馆的主要目的是使学生从对象中学习，故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段“Asking questins such as, “What d yu want peple t learn and why?” and “Wh are yu hping t attract and why?” help students understand the purpse f their exhibit. Cllecting the bjects fr the museum is a learning prcess in and f itself: “culturally significant” bjects, such as an bject passed dwn thrugh a family r an bject frm a student’s hme cuntry, can generate strytelling and help students build a sense f histrical understanding and empathy (共鸣) . Such a prcess can encurage students t think independently and critically, thus making their mind quicker and sharper. (问这样的问题：“你想让人们学习什么?为什么?”以及“你希望吸引谁，为什么?”，帮助学生理解展览的目的。为博物馆收集物品本身就是一个学习的过程：“具有文化意义”的物品，比如一件家庭传下来的物品或一件来自学生祖国的物品，可以产生故事情节，帮助学生建立对历史的理解和同理心。这样的过程可以鼓励学生独立思考和批判性思考，从而使他们的思维更快、更敏锐。)”可知，举办展览可以让学生在收集物品的过程中学习，进而使他们的思维更敏锐，故选D项。
11．词句猜测题。根据第三段“strytelling int the curating prcess.(将讲故事……策展过程)”可推理出划线词的含义为“将……包括在内”，故选C项。
12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“After the prject’s cmpletin, be sure t cllect advice, even criticism frm students. Did students learn new things frm the bjects? Students can wrk tgether t explre “what wrked and what didn’t wrk, and what might be dne differently next time” (项目完成后，一定要收集学生的建议，甚至批评。学生们从这些物品中学到了新东西吗？学生们可以一起探索“哪些有效，哪些无效，以及下次可能采取的不同做法”)”可知最后一段建议我们要在项目结束后，及时对项目的开展情况进行反思，故选A项。
四
Wh says that being rmmates with smene frm a cmpletely different generatin has t be strange? Lately, mre and mre Americans are becming intergeneratinal (代际的)rmmates, and they’re changing the way peple think they shuld be living.
Explained as thse that are separated by at least ne generatin living tgether, there has been a majr increase in intergeneratinal rmmate arrangements (安排)within the United States since 1971. In fact, statistics shw that this number has actually quadrupled (增长四倍)since then. In a Pew Research Center article, it shared that by March 2021, there were at least 59. 7 millin Americans that had many generatins living under ne rf.
There are a tn f reasns that cme int play fr these types f arrangements. Fr sme, it’s because f the increase in the average life-expectancy age(平均预期寿命), a decreased birth rate, a rise in cllege tuitin, the ever rising rentals in almst every castal city, and mre. But if anything, many say that ne main reasn behind the rise is that lder peple have space t rent ut and that having yunger peple arund just makes them happier.
Accrding t a 25-year-ld rbtics student living in Massachusetts, Nadia Abdullah, wh mved in with her 64-year-ld rmmate Judith in 2019, “It was perfect——Judith has becme like my family.”
Their arrangement was $700 a mnth frm Nadia, plus the prmise f her ding sme help arund the huse. This als allwed Nadia t live just 6 miles frm Bstn and 30 minutes frm her rbtics jb lcated in Beverly Mass. Nadia was matched with Judith thrugh website, a renting center specifically created t find intergeneratinal rmmates.
Anther yung renting center reviewer, Kaplan, als gave sme pinins n the service and why it’s s special, saying, “Thrugh this, I lived with Sarah while attending Harvard. She prvided the type f knwledge yu just can’t Ggle——shwing me hw t garden, hw t ck fish, and add French Rmanticism t life.”
13．What is the increasing husing trend mentined in the text.
A．Mre peple are living tgether as rmmates.
B．Strangers f a generatin are living tgether like a family.
C．Different generatins are living under the same rf.
D．Family members f different generatins are living tgether.
14．What des the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A．The types f the arrangements.B．The reasns fr the arrangements.
C．The slutins t the arrangements.D．The prblems with the arrangements.
15．What culd Kaplan learn frm the rmmate?
A．Hw t ggle special knwledge.B．Hw t build a garden.
C．Hw t fish.D．Hw t live a rmantic life
16．What can be cncluded frm Nadia and Kaplan’s experiences?
A．The website is ppular with university students.
B．The intergeneratinal rmmates shuld help each ther.
C．The intergeneratinal rmmate arrangements wrk well.
D．The elderly benefit mre than the yung frm the arrangements.
【答案】13．C 14．B 15．D 16．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在美国，越来越多的隔代人群选择居住在同一屋檐下。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Explained as thse that are separated by at least ne generatin living tgether, there has been a majr increase in intergeneratinal rmmate arrangements (安排)within the United States since 1971. In fact, statistics shw that this number has actually quadrupled (增长四倍)since then. In a Pew Research Center article, it shared that by March 2021, there were at least 59. 7 millin Americans that had many generatins living under ne rf.(被解释为至少有一代人住在一起，自1971年以来，美国的代际室友安排大幅增加。事实上，统计数据显示，从那时起，这个数字实际上已经翻了四番。皮尤研究中心在一篇文章中表示，截至2021年3月，至少有59人。700万美国人，几代人生活在一个屋檐下。)”可知，文章中所提到的这种正在增长的住房趋势指的是“不同代人群在同一屋檐下居住”。故选C项。
14．主旨大意题。根据第三段“There are a tn f reasns that cme int play fr these types f arrangements. Fr sme, it’s because f the increase in the average life-expectancy age(平均预期寿命)，a decreased birth rate, . a rise in cllege tuitin, the ever rising rentals in almst every castal city, and mre. But if anything, many say that ne main reasn behind the rise is that lder peple have space t rent ut and that having yunger peple arund just makes them happier.(对于这些类型的安排，有很多因素在起作用。对一些人来说，这是因为平均预期寿命的增加，出生率的下降，大学学费的上涨，几乎每个沿海城市的租金都在上涨，等等。但如果有什么不同的话，许多人声称，房价上涨的一个主要原因是老年人有房子出租，而年轻人在身边让他们更快乐。)”可知，本段主要分析了“隔代人群在同一屋檐下居住”这种安排的原因。故选B项。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“She prvided the type f knwledge yu just can’t Ggle-shwing me hw t garden, hw t ck fish, and add French Rmanticism t life.(她提供了你无法在谷歌上搜索到的知识——教我如何园艺，如何烹饪鱼，以及如何将法式浪漫主义融入生活。)”可知，Kaplan可以从年长的室友那里学会如何做园艺、烹饪鱼以及浪漫地生活。故选D项。
16．推理判断题。根据第四段中“It was perfect——Judith has becme like my family.(这太完美了，Judith就像我的家人一样。)”可知，Nadia很满意和年老的人一起居住。以及最后一段中“Thrugh this, I lived with Sarah while attending Harvard. She prvided the type f knwledge yu just can’t Ggle——shwing me hw t garden, hw t ck fish, and add French Rmanticism t life.(通过这件事，我在哈佛上学时和萨拉住在一起。她提供了你无法在谷歌上搜索到的知识，向我展示了如何园艺、如何烹饪鱼类，并将法国浪漫主义融入生活。)”可知，Kaplan认为这项服务有特别之处。可以推断出，隔代人群在同一屋檐下居住，这种安排效果很好。故选C项。
五
Daphne Sares, a bilgist, made an amazing discvery abut alligatrs (短吻鳄). The investigatin f the sensry dts f alligatrs began when she was at university. Nw she hlds a research psitin at the University f Maryland.
The first time Daphne Sares gt really clse t an alligatr was when she was helping t hld dwn an eight-ft alligatr. When she gt clse t the alligatr, she nticed that its face was cvered with little black spts.
She started her study f the black dts when she went t the library. When she read the bks and the scientific jurnals, she learned that peple had nticed the dts. Peple thught that the dts were sme kind f sense rgan. Hwever, n ne really knew what the dts were fr.
It was a cmplete accident when she fund ut what the dts were used fr. She placed electrdes (电极) n nerves cming frm sme f the sensry dts. When the nerves were stimulated, they created a tiny electric current. Just then she heard a small sund ver a audi speaker. She tried t see if the dts acted like eyes and temperature sensrs, but nthing wrked. One day she accidentally drpped a tl int an alligatr’s tank. When she put her hand in the tank t get the tl ut, she made small ripples (涟漪) in the water. When the ripples reached the alligatr’s face, she heard a nise ver the speaker. She then realized that the dts must be sensitive t the changes in pressure when they were hit by ripples f water.
After that, she is nw studying blind cavefish. She is trying t learn whether they are blind frm birth r lse their sight as they grw up.
17．What was Daphne Sares ding when she nticed the black dts?
A．Studying the sense rgan.
B．Helping t keep a hld f an alligatr.
C．Observing an alligatr in a pnd.
D．Reading scientific jurnal in the library.
18．What did Daphne Sares d in rder t find ut the use f the black dts?
A．She cllected data nline.
B．She did sme field bservatins.
C．She sught help frm prfessinals.
D．She did sme scientific experiments.
19．Which sense are the black dts n the alligatr’s face related t?
A．The sense f feeling.B．The sense f sight.
C．The sense f taste.D．The sense f hearing.
20．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A．A Brn BilgistB．The Types f Alligatrs
C．A Discvery Abut AlligatrsD．Daphne Sares’ Stries
【答案】17．B 18．D 19．A 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Daphne Sares关于短吻鳄的一些研究发现以及发现过程。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“The first time Daphne Sares gt really clse t an alligatr was when she was helping t hld dwn an eight-ft alligatr. When she gt clse t the alligatr, she nticed that its face was cvered with little black spts.(Daphne Sares第一次真正接近鳄鱼是在她帮忙按住一条8英尺长的鳄鱼的时候。当她靠近鳄鱼时，她注意到它的脸上布满了小黑点)”可知，Daphne Sares注意到那些黑点时在帮忙按住鳄鱼。故选B项。
18．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“She placed electrdes (电极) n nerves cming frm sme f the sensry dts. When the nerves were stimulated, they created a tiny electric current. Just then she heard a small sund ver a audi speaker. She tried t see if the dts acted like eyes and temperature sensrs, but nthing wrked.(她将电极放置在来自一些感觉点的神经上。当神经受到刺激时，它们会产生微小的电流。就在这时，她听到扬声器里传来一个小小的声音。她试着看看这些点是否像眼睛和温度传感器一样，但都不起作用)”可推知，为了找出黑点的用途，Daphne Sares做了一些科学实验。故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One day she accidentally drpped a tl int an alligatr’s tank. When she put her hand in the tank t get the tl ut, she made small ripples (涟漪) in the water. When the ripples reached the alligatr’s face, she heard a nise ver the speaker. She then realized that the dts must be sensitive t the changes in pressure when they were hit by ripples f water.(一天，她不小心把一个工具掉进了鳄鱼的水箱里。当她把手伸进水箱把工具拿出来时，她在水里激起了小涟漪。当涟漪到达鳄鱼的脸时，她听到扬声器里有声音。然后她意识到，当这些圆点受到水波纹的冲击时，它们一定对压力的变化很敏感)”可推知，这些黑点对压力的变化很敏感，所以与感觉感官有关。故选A项。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Daphne Sares, a bilgist, made an amazing discvery abut alligatrs (短吻鳄). The investigatin f the sensry dts f alligatrs began when she was at university. Nw she hlds a research psitin at the University f Maryland.(生物学家达芙妮·苏亚雷斯(Daphne Sares)有一个关于短吻鳄的惊人发现。对短吻鳄感官点的研究始于她上大学的时候。现在她在马里兰大学从事研究工作)”可知，本文主要讲述Daphne Sares关于短吻鳄的一些研究发现。由此可知，C项“A Discvery Abut Alligatrs(关于鳄鱼的一个发现)”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。
六
Happiness is fr everyne. Yu dn’t need t care abut thse peple wh have beautiful huses with large gardens and swimming pls r thse wh have nice cars and a lt f mney and s n. Why? Because thse wh have big huses may ften feel lnely and thse wh have cars may want t walk n the cuntry rads at their free time.
In fact, happiness is always arund yu if yu put yur heart int it. When yu are in truble at schl, yur friends will help yu; when yu study hard at yur lessns, yur parents are always taking gd care f yur life and yur health; when yu get success, yur friends will say cngratulatins t yu; when yu d smething wrng, peple arund yu will help yu t crrect(改正) it. And when yu d smething gd t thers, yu will feel happy, t. All these are yur happiness. If yu ntice them, yu can see that happiness is always arund yu.
Happiness is nt the same as mney. It is a feeling f yur heart. When yu are pr, yu can als say yu are very happy, because yu have smething else that can’t be bught with mney. When yu meet with difficulties, yu can say ludly yu are very happy, because yu have mre chances(机会) t challenge yurself. S yu cannt always say yu are pr and yu have bad luck. As the saying ges, life is like a revlving(旋转)dr. When it clses, it als pens. If yu take every chance yu get, yu can be a happy and lucky persn.
21．Happiness is fr_________.
A．thse wh have large and beautiful husesB．thse wh have cars
C．thse wh have a lt f mneyD．all peple
22．When yu d smething wrng, _________.
A．yu may crrect itB．yu will have n chance t challenge yurself
C．anybdy will laugh at yuD．yu will be happy
23．Which is the title f the passage?
A．D Smething Gd t OthersB．Happy and Lucky
C．HappinessD．Life and Success
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C
【导语】这是一篇演讲稿。这篇文章讲述了快乐幸福的定义，什么样的生活是快乐的，作者给出的结论是快乐是发自内心的。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段首句“Happiness is fr everyne.(幸福属于每个人)”可知，作者认为幸福属于所有人。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“when yu d smething wrng, peple arund yu will help yu t crrect(改正) it.(当你做错事时，你周围的人会帮助你纠正它)”可知，你做了错事的时候，可以在亲人朋友的帮助下改正它。故选A项。
23．主旨大意题。根据文章三个段落的首句“Happiness is fr everyne.(幸福属于每个人)”“In fact, happiness is always arund yu if yu put yur heart int it.(事实上，只要你用心，幸福就在你身边)”及“Happiness is nt the same as mney. It is a feeling f yur heart. (幸福和金钱不一样。它是你内心的一种感觉)”可知，文章主要围绕happiness这一中心词论述幸福的意义。所以文章最佳标题是Happiness。故选C项。
七
Rbert was a by f eight years ld. One day, when he was ding cleaning at hme, he thught he shuld mve the bx ut f the huse. The bx made f wd was very heavy. And it was much bigger than he was. He tried, but he culd nt mve it. After resting fr a shrt time, the by started nce mre, but failed again. He culdn’t even mve it a bit. He felt very tired and hpeless.
Just then, his father came hme frm wrk and saw his sn wrk hard. He didn’t help Rbert. Instead, he asked, “Dear sn, have yu dne yur best? And are yu ding everything yu can?”“Yes, I am!”the by cried.
“N, yu’re nt.” his father said quietly, “Yu have nt asked me t help yu. Asking fr help is nt a weakness (弱点). At sme pint, even the strngest f us needs help. It is imprtant t knw when t ask fr help and understand why yu need it. Never be afraid t ask thers fr help when yu’re in truble.”
Rbert ndded with a big smile.
24．What did the by want t mve away?
A．A stne.B．A bx.C．A wd.D．A ty
25．The thing Rbert tried t mve ut was very__________.
A．big and heavyB．small but heavy
C．small and lightD．big but light
26．Hw did Rbert feel after he tried again and again?
A．He hped he culd mve it later.B．He thught he culd ask fr help.
C．He felt very tired and hpeless.D．He became very prud f himself.
27．What can be the best title f the passage?
A．Hw t mve a heavy thing awayB．An interesting stry abut Rbert
C．Rbert’s hard wrkD．Learn t ask fr help when needed
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．C 27．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了男孩罗伯特想要把家里的盒子搬出去，但几次尝试都失败了，父亲说罗伯特可以寻求帮助，遇到困难时，永远不要害怕向别人求助。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“One day, when he was ding cleaning at hme, he thught he shuld mve the bx ut f the huse.(一天，当他在家里打扫卫生时，他想他应该把盒子搬出去)”可知，男孩想要搬走一个盒子。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段“The bx made f wd was very heavy. And it was much bigger than he was. (这个木头做的箱子很重。而且它比他大得多)”可知，罗伯特想搬出去的东西又大又沉。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据第一段“He culdn’t even mve it a bit. He felt very tired and hpeless.(他甚至一点也动不了。他感到非常疲倦和绝望)”可知，罗伯特试了一次又一次，他感到非常疲倦和绝望。故选C。
27．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“Asking fr help is nt a weakness (弱点). At sme pint, even the strngest f us needs help. It is imprtant t knw when t ask fr help and understand why yu need it. Never be afraid t ask thers fr help when yu’re in truble.(寻求帮助不是一种弱点。有时候，即使是最坚强的人也需要帮助。知道什么时候寻求帮助并理解为什么需要帮助是很重要的。当你遇到困难时，不要害怕向别人求助)”结合文章主要讲述了男孩罗伯特想要把家里的盒子搬出去，但几次尝试都失败了，父亲说罗伯特可以寻求帮助，遇到困难时，永远不要害怕向别人求助。可知，D选项“学会在需要的时候寻求帮助”最符合文章标题。故选D。
八
In China, in rder t ease the pressure n parents’ wallets, educatin is free until children reach the age f abut 15. S why is it that mre than half f a typical family’s spending ges n educatin? The answer is cramming classes (补习班). T relieve the pressure n peple’s wallets, nw fficials are ding their part.
But parents are nt sure whether it will wrk. As many f them see it, cramming is nt ptinal (可选择的). Exams fr entry t senir high schls are fiercely cmpetitive. Then cmes the dreaded (令人畏惧的) Gaka: the university-entrance exam n which a child’s future depends. N wnder the industry’s grwth has been rapid. One firm, Zuyebang (“help with hmewrk”) says it ffers live-streaming classes (直播课程) t mre than 170m active users each mnth.
While as the Peple s Daily, an fficial newspaper, reprted this mnth, the market fr such services is in “endless chas (混乱)”. It listed prblems ranging frm misleading advertising t high prices and the use f unqualified teachers.
Gvernment’s new regulatins f clamping dwn n cram schls sent shivers thrugh the industry. New Oriental, ne f China’s biggest cramming cmpanies, saw its share price n the New Yrk Stck Exchange drp belw $8, frm a high f mre than $19 in February. On June 9th the educatin ministry said a new gvernment department wuld be set up t versee such businesses. including bth nline curses and lessns in the classrm.
Sme analysts think the gvernment may have anther mtive. Parents wnder whether they will benefit. Sme are cncerned that the new rules will leave them with n chice but t use private tutrs, which culd prve even mre cstly.
28．Why d cramming schls enjy great ppularity amng Chinese students?
A．The exams are s demanding that they have n chice.
B．The live-streaming classes ffered are really appealing.
C．Entering senir high schls makes them less cmpetitive.
D．Gvernment fficials are wrried abut their perfrmance.
29．What is NOT a prblem put frward by the Peple’s Daily with the cram schl market?
A．High fees.B．Experienced tutrs.
C．Imprper advertising.D．Chatic management.
30．What can we infer abut the parents’ attitude twards the new regulatins?
A．Supprtive.B．Indifferent.C．Skeptical.D．Critical.
31．What is the main idea f this passage?
A．China’s tech giants cntrl the market.
B．New Oriental is the biggest cramming cmpany.
C．Gaka impses t much burden t students.
D．China says n t the cramming business.
【答案】28．A 29．B 30．C 31．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国政府取缔补习班的新规定及该规定所带来的问题。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Then cmes the dreaded (令人畏惧的) Gaka: the university-entrance exam n which a child’s future depends.(高中入学考试竞争非常激烈。然后是可怕的高考：一个孩子的未来都取决于高考)”可知，补习班在中国学生中很受欢迎，因为考试要求太高，他们别无选择。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段“While as the Peple s Daily, an fficial newspaper, reprted this mnth, the market fr such services is in “endless chas (混乱)”. It listed prblems ranging frm misleading advertising t high prices and the use f unqualified teachers.(然而，正如官方报纸《人民日报》本月报道的那样，此类服务的市场处于“无休止的混乱”之中。它列出了从误导性广告到高价格和使用不合格教师的问题)”可知，有经验的导师并不是《人民日报》对补习班市场提出的问题。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Parents wnder whether they will benefit. Sme are cncerned that the new rules will leave them with n chice but t use private tutrs, which culd prve even mre cstly.(家长们想知道他们是否会从中受益。一些人担心，新规定将使他们别无选择，只能请私人教师，这可能会更加昂贵)”可推知，家长对新规定的态度是怀疑的。故选C。
31．主旨大意题。根据第三段“While as the Peple s Daily, an fficial newspaper, reprted this mnth, the market fr such services is in “endless chas (混乱)”. It listed prblems ranging frm misleading advertising t high prices and the use f unqualified teachers.(然而，正如官方报纸《人民日报》本月报道的那样，此类服务的市场处于“无休止的混乱”之中。它列出了从误导性广告到高价格和使用不合格教师的问题)”及第四段中的“Gvernment’s new regulatins f clamping dwn n cram schls sent shivers thrugh the industry.(政府取缔补习班的新规定令整个行业不寒而栗)”可知，文章介绍了中国政府取缔补习班的新规定及该规定所带来的问题，即中国对补习班行业说不。故选D。
九
Wden huses surrunded by a thick frest, classical music playing sftly in the backgrund, a very special cafe, three meals a day and several utdr activity areas. This sunds like a dream vacatin arrangement (安排). But this is nt a place fr peple. It’s fr cats in the prvince f Samsun, Türkiye.
Kedi Kasabas, r “cat twn”, is ne interesting place in the cuntry, a place where cats can experience what real cmfrt is!
The twn, which cvers an area f arund 20 acres, is run by the lcal city and mst admitted guests have a hard backstry. “All cats here are hmeless and usually g thrugh suffering s befre being brught here. They are either injured r mentally suffer. We treat them and put them back int the twn. The envirnment here is really beautiful fr them,” Faruk Kan, a Kedi Kasabas vet, said.
Kan is nt the nly vet wrking at the shelter. There’s a whle team lking after the cats and making sure all their needs are met. The place even has a special area fr sick r injured cats, where they receive persnalized (个性化的) treatment.
There are currently 150 animals living in “cat twn”, and the number keeps rising. There are wden huses where they can rest, and als huses designed fr scializing. During the winter they are prvided with heated accmmdatin, s feeling cnvenient and warm is a sure thing fr these furry creatures.
The lve fr cats seems t be a Turkish favurite. Istanbul is knwn fr being hme t several hundred thusand cats. There, peple take care f street cats like kings. The fur-legged friends are fed and kept healthy and they have already becme part f the city view.
Even thugh cats may have a happy life utdrs in the frest r wandering arund in the city streets, there’s nthing like having a stable (稳定的) hme, lying next t a human friend.
32．What can be learned abut “cat twn”?
A．It is quite difficult t reach.B．It is peaceful and cmfrtable.
C．It is very expensive t run.D．It serves special cffee t visitrs.
33．What des the underlined wrd “guests” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Cats.B．Visitrs.C．Wrkers.D．Vlunteers.
34．What d we knw abut the cats in “cat twn”?
A．They are thrwn by their wners.B．They came frm pet lvers.
C．They are friendly t humans.D．They used t suffer a lt.
35．Which des the authr think is the best place fr a cat prbably?
A．The frest.B．The city streets.
C．A human’s hme.D．A pet hspital.
【答案】32．B 33．A 34．D 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了土耳其专门为流浪猫建的“猫城”。“猫城”是这个国家有趣的景点之一，在这里猫可以体验到真正的舒适。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段对猫城的形容“Wden huses surrunded by a thick frest, classical music playing sftly in the backgrund, a very special cafe, three meals a day and several utdr activity areas. This sunds like a dream vacatin arrangement (安排). (木屋被茂密的森林包围，古典音乐在背景中轻柔地播放，一个非常特别的咖啡馆，一日三餐和几个户外活动区域。这听起来像是一个梦幻般的假期安排)”可知，猫城的环境是幽静而舒适的。故选B。
33．词义猜测题。根据第三段划线词后“All cats here are hmeless and usually g thrugh suffering s befre being brught here. (这里所有的猫都是无家可归的，通常在被带到这里之前都会经历痛苦)”可知，后文详细介绍这里的猫的情况，由此推出guests指的是被收留的猫。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段Faruk Kan 所说的话“All cats here are hmeless and usually g thrugh suffering s befre being brught here. They are either injured r mentally suffer. (这里所有的猫都是无家可归的，通常在被带到这里之前都会经历痛苦。他们要么身体上受伤，要么精神上受到折磨)”可知，这里的猫曾经身体或精神上受到了伤害。故选D。
35．细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容“Even thugh cats may have a happy life utdrs in the frest r wandering arund in the city streets, there’s nthing like having a stable (稳定的) hme, lying next t a human friend. (尽管猫可能在森林里过着快乐的户外生活，或者在城市的街道上游荡，但没有什么能比得上有一个稳定的家，躺在人类朋友身边)”可知。作者强调猫咪还是要有一个稳定的家，有人类陪伴是最好的，即猫的最好的归宿是在人类的家里。故选C。
十
Using needles t deliver drugs has been cmmn fr mre than a century. The past hundred years have seen all manner f medical advances, frm life-saving medicine and X-rays t mRNA vaccines and special cancer treatments. Yet the needle has stayed mstly unchanged. Althugh nw available in a variety f different sizes, it remains a hllw (having a hle r empty space inside), pinty tube.
With luck, that may sn change. As Yichi Ma, a scientist at the University f Califrnia, Berkeley, and his clleagues utline in a review paper, researchers arund the wrld are lking fr ways t ease the pain when needles g int the skin. Many have been inspired by nature.
The team gt their idea frm msquites, which manage t get their bld meals withut causing great pain t peple. One reasn is that the insects use painkilling chemicals when they first puncture (刺穿) the skin. But there is anther reasn, The pint f a msquit's saw-like prbscis (锯齿状的喙) is sfter at its tip. The insect makes the skin f its target tight befre biting, and shakes its prbscis as it pushes the prbscis in. All f this helps reduce the frce needed t puncture the skin.
One paper, published in 2020 by a grup f researchers in America and China, fund that a msquit-inspired needle required 27% less puncturing frce than an rdinary ne. And less frce means less pain Msquit-inspired needles might als be useful fr delicate prcedures such as bipsies (the examinatin f tissue taken frm a living bdy). A paper frm the University f Michigan, als published in 2020, fund that scientists culd imprve bipsies f tissue in sme bdy rgans. The lwer frce led t less mvement f the rgan itself, ensuring that the needles were guided accurately t the area that needed sampling.
Fr nw, such devices remain limited t labs. But there is a big market fr better needles. Accrding t WHO, arund 16 billin injectins were given in 2018. With ne persn in fur saying they suffer frm a fear f needles, the savings n stickers and sweets fr the brave suls wh rll up their sleeves wuld be cnsiderable.
36．What can we infer abut needles frm Paragraph 1?
A．Their imprtance has been ignred fr lng
B．They fall behind ther medical innvatins.
C．Their size remains the same fr ver a century
D．They had a pr surce f supply fr decades.
37．What is the aim f scientists' seeking t imprve needle design?
A．T lessen discmfrt.
B．T deliver much mre drugs.
C．T make the needles flexible.
D．T increase the frequency f needle use.
38．What is mainly presented in Paragraph 3?
A．The surce f scientists' inspiratin
B．The chemical cmpunds fund in msquites.
C．The unique structure f a msquit's prbscis.
D．The harmful effects f msquit bites n humans.
39．Why did the authr mentin the figures in the last paragraph?
A．T shw peple's anxiety abut injectins.
B．T highlight the limitatins f current needle designs,
C．T draw attentin t the dangers f t many injectins.
D．T emphasize the ptential demand fr imprved needles.
【答案】36．B 37．A 38．A 39．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个多世纪以来，使用针头给药已经很普遍了。在过去的一百年里，医学取得了各种各样的进步，从拯救生命的药物和X射线到mRNA疫苗和特殊的癌症治疗。然而针头基本没有改变。虽然现在有各种不同的尺寸，它仍然是一个中空的尖管。幸运的是，这种情况可能很快就会改变，从而会减轻疼痛的不适感。
36．推理判断题。根据第一段“Yet the needle has stayed mstly unchanged. Althugh nw available in a variety f different sizes, it remains a hllw (having a hle r empty space inside), pinty tube.”（然而针头基本没有改变。虽然现在有各种不同的尺寸，它仍然是一个中空的(有一个孔或空的空间)，尖管。）可知，从第一段我们可以推断出针头落后于其他医疗创新。故选B项。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段中“As Yichi Ma, a scientist at the University f Califrnia, Berkeley, and his clleagues utline in a review paper, researchers arund the wrld are lking fr ways t ease the pain when needles g int the skin.”（正如加州大学伯克利分校(University f Califrnia, Berkeley)的科学家Yichi Ma和他的同事在一篇综述论文中概述的那样，世界各地的研究人员都在寻找减轻针刺入皮肤时疼痛的方法。）可知，科学家改进针头设计的目的是减轻疼痛的不适感。故选A项。
38．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The team gt their idea frm msquites, which manage t get their bld meals withut causing great pain t peple. One reasn is that the insects use painkilling chemicals when they first puncture (刺穿) the skin. But there is anther reasn, The pint f a msquit's saw-like prbscis (锯齿状的喙)is sfter at its tip. The insect makes the skin f its target tight befre biting, and shakes its prbscis as it pushes the prbscis in. All f this helps reduce the frce needed t puncture the skin.”（该团队从蚊子那里得到了他们的想法，蚊子能够在不给人类带来巨大痛苦的情况下获取血液。其中一个原因是昆虫在第一次刺穿皮肤时会使用止痛化学物质。但还有另一个原因，蚊子锯齿状的喙尖更柔软。这种昆虫在咬之前会把目标的皮肤绷紧，在把喙推进去的时候会摇晃它的喙。所有这些都有助于减少刺穿皮肤所需的力量。）可知，第三段的主要讲的是科学家灵感的源泉。故选A项。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Fr nw, such devices remain limited t labs. But there is a big market fr better needles. Accrding t WHO, arund 16 billin injectins were given in 2018. With ne persn in fur saying they suffer frm a fear f needles, the savings n stickers and sweets fr the brave suls wh rll up their sleeves wuld be cnsiderable.”（目前，这类设备仍局限于实验室。但是更好的针头有很大的市场。据世卫组织称，2018年约有160亿次注射。四分之一的人说他们害怕打针，对于那些勇敢的人来说，卷起袖子在贴纸和糖果上节省的钱将是相当可观的。）可推知，作者为在最后一段提到这些数字是为了强调对改良针头的潜在需求。故选D项。