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【学考复习】（江苏专用）2024年高中英语学业水平考试 专题讲解 第08讲定语从句-讲义
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这是一份【学考复习】（江苏专用）2024年高中英语学业水平考试 专题讲解 第08讲定语从句-讲义，文件包含学考复习江苏专用2024年高中英语学业水平考试专题讲解第08讲定语从句讲义原卷版docx、学考复习江苏专用2024年高中英语学业水平考试专题讲解第08讲定语从句讲义解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共29页， 欢迎下载使用。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc20312" PAGEREF _Tc20312 \h 1
\l "_Tc6558" PAGEREF _Tc6558 \h 1
\l "_Tc15851" 考点一 定冠词2
\l "_Tc26385" 考点二 不定冠词4
\l "_Tc2857" 考点三 零冠词 PAGEREF _Tc2857 \h 5
\l "_Tc23347" 8
\l "_Tc9551" 10
1. 掌握关系代词的用法
2. 掌握关系副词的用法
3. 掌握介词+关系代词的用法
一、基本概念
1.定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词( that，which，wh，whm，whse，as）和关系副词（when, where, why）
4.关系代/副词的作用
1）连接主句和从句。
2）代替先行词（以免重复）。
3）在定语从句中充当句子成分。
4）用法：
二、关系代词的用法：
1. 当先行词为人时用wh或that 作主语，whm或that作宾语；
2. 当先行词为物或整个句子时用which，可作主语或宾语；指物时也可用that.
3. whse用作定语，可指人或物；指具体事物或抽象概念时，可与f+which结构互换，但词序不同；指人时可用f whm。
即whse+名词 =the+名词 +f which（或者=f which+the+名词）。
例如：
whse cver
That is the bk the cver f which is blue.
f which the cver
复习：Its cver is blue.=The cver f the bk is blue.
注：① 用f短语修饰的名词前应带“the”，而whse修饰的名词前不用冠词。
② f短语放在被修饰的名词的前后均可，而whse只能放在名词前。
三、使用关系代词时的注意问题：
1. that与which的区别。
1）用that而不用 which的情况：
a.先行词为不定代词all, smething, anything, everything, nthing, nne等时；
b.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时；
c.先行词被the nly, the very, any, few, little, all等词修饰时；
d.先行词既有人又有物时；
e.当主句为以wh或which开头的特殊疑问句时；
e.g. There is nthing that can prevent him frm ding it.
没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Mr. Smith is the nly freigner that he knws.
Wh is the persn that is standing at the gate?
2）用which而不用 that的情况：
a.引导非限制性定语从句；
b.代表整个主句的意思
c.介词 + 关系代词。
e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.
This is the rm in which my father lived last year.
2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词在人称、数方面应与先行词保持一致。
e.g. I, wh am yur teacher, will try my best t help yu.
The students wh are in Grade Three are ging t climb the hill tmrrw.
1）ne f + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词复数形式
Titanic is ne f the mst wnderful mvies that have been prduced in Hllywd. 《泰坦尼克号》是好莱坞制作的最精彩的电影之一。
2）the nly ne f + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词单数形式
Titanic is the nly ne f these wnderful mvies that has been prduced in Hllywd.
在这些精彩的电影中，《泰坦尼克号》是唯一一部由好莱坞制作的电影。
3）当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as与which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
Great changes have taken place in China, as is knwn t all.
3. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。
e.g. The sick man whm she is lking after is her father.
4. 关系词的省略
关系词在定语从句中作及物动词的宾语时，或者作介词的宾语且介词放在句尾时，可以省略。
e.g: The by (whm/wh/that) we saw yesterday was Jhn.
Is this the cmputer rm (which/that) yu wrk in？
The reasn (which/that) he tld us is reasnable.
四、关系副词的用法：
1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when (=n which) I first came t Beijing.
[误区警示] 当先行词是时间名词时，若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，则用when引导；若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。
D yu remember the days when we chatted with each ther all night?
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）
D yu remember the days that / which we spent tgether n the farm?
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that/which作spent的宾语）
2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
That is the huse where (= in which) he lived ten years ag.
注：高考对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转向模糊化的“地点”。当先行词为表示“阶段，情况”等含义的抽象名词pint, psitin, situatin, atmsphere, stage, case, jb等时，也常用where引导定语从句。
例如：The next time yu find yurself in a situatin where yu feel wrthless, think abut the mst pwerful her yu can imagine and hw they wuld react in yur place. 下次，当你感到自己没用的时候，想出一位在你看来最强大的英雄，以及在你这种情况下，他们会如何做出反应。
They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther.
他们已经到了彼此必须分手的地步。
[误区警示] 当先行词为地点名词时，若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that/ which引导定语从句。
3. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
I knw the reasn why (=fr which) she was s angry.
注：①why作关系副词只用在reasn后面。
② “关系副词＝介词 + which”
[误区警示] 当代替先行词reasn的关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则用that/ which引导定语从句。
五、定语从句关系词选择步骤
（1）判断是否是定语从句（修饰名词、代词或一整句话，放在后面）;
（2）判断是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句;
（3）分析定语从句中所缺的成分;
缺主语或宾语（关系代词that, which, wh, whm）
缺定语（关系代词whse）
缺状语（关系副词when, where, why）
1）I still remember the days which we spent tgether.
2）I still remember the days when (= in which) we wrked tgether.
技巧：看（在汉语中）先行词能否放到从句谓动后面作宾语。
This is the factry that/ which we visited last year.
This is the factry where we wrked tgether last year.
I dn’t knw the reasn why he didn’t d his hmewrk.
I dn’t knw the reasn that/ which he tld yu.
六、定语从句用法其他要点
1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
(1) 限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. I was the nly persn in ur ffice wh was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
(2) 非限制性定语从句：从句与先行词关系不密切，去掉定语从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能用that引导。
e.g. Tm’s father, wh is ver sixty, still wrks hard day and night.（wh引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
2.“介词 + 关系代词”的用法
“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词常用的有which, whm, whse, 不可用that和wh。
例如：This is the bk fr which I paid 5 yuan.
The ld man has tw sns, bth f whm are dctrs.
She’s the very persn in whse pcket I fund my lst watch.
☆ 介词的确定主要遵循以下三个原则：
(1) 根据与定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single persn t whm she culd turn fr help.
在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。（turn t sb. fr help)
(2) 根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定
Physics is the subject in ur schl in which every student is interested.
物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。（be interested in)
(3) 根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定
I’ll never frget the time during which I spent my childhd in the cuntry.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。（during the time)
(4) 根据所表达的意思来确定
The clrless gas withut which we can’t live is called xygen.
这种无色的气体就是氧气，离了它我们无法生存。
3. as和which的用法区别
(1) which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句后，as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句之前，之中和之后。
She said she had finished her wrk, which I dubted very much.
她说她已经完成工作了，我对此深感怀疑。
As anybdy can see, a cmputer can d almst everything peple can.
正如人们所看到的那样，计算机几乎能做到人所能做的一切事。
(2) as引导的从句主要起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，意为“正如，正像”。which引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，意为“这一点，这件事”。
As is knwn t all, China is a cuntry with the largest ppulatin in the wrld.
众所周知，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。
He sld his bicycle, which surprised me. 他把自行车卖了，这使我感到奇怪。
(3) 引导限制性定语从句时，as常用于, , the 结构中。
Such peple as have made great cntributins t the wrld shuld be greatly respected. 那些对世界作出重大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。
I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我想要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。
(4) 在句法上，as常用作一些实义动词，如 see, knw, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, shw, expect, guess等的宾语，这类动词与as几乎成了一种固定搭配。
As we all expected, the plan turned ut t be very successful.
正如我们所期望的，该计划很成功。
4. 注意way和time后接定语从句的情况形式：
(1) 当先行词是way (意为“方式，方法”），定语从句中缺宾语时，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式：
The way that ( which /不填) he explained t us was quite simple.
他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。（从句中缺少宾语）
而当定语从句中缺状语时，引导定语从句的关系词有以下三种形式：
The way that ( in which /不填) he explained the sentence t us was difficult t understand.他向我们解释句子的那种方法很难理解。（从句中缺少状语）
(2) 先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间”讲，应用关系副词when或介词during + which引导定语从句。
This is the secnd time (that) the President has visited the cuntry.
这是总统第二次访问这个国家。
There was a time when/during which there were n radis, telephnes r TV sets.曾经有一段时期没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视机。
考点一 关系代词
【典例分析】
（2023春·河北·高二统考学业考试）Have yu heard abut the player gt the first prize in the swimming?
A．whichB．whatC．whD．whm
（2023·山西·高二统考学业考试）His parents frced him t be a lawyer, ______ was against his wn wishes.
A．whenB．whichC．thatD．what
考点二 关系副词
【典例分析】
（2023·江苏·高二学业考试）We live in an age________ mre infrmatin is available mre easily than ever befre.
A．whyB．t whmC．whenD．n which
考点三 介词+关系代词
【典例分析】
（2023·天津红桥·高二统考学业考试）A year is divided int fur seasns, as we all knw, _______ the first is spring.
A．whichB．f themC．whenD．f which
1．（2022秋·广东清远·高一校联考学业考试）In the cming Olympic Games, there will be ten mre new events, __________mre athletes will try t realize their gal in.
A．thatB．whichC．whereD．when
2．（2022秋·广西·高二柳州市第三中学统考学业考试）The by ______ gt the first prize is frm Class 1.
A．whereB．whenC．whichD．wh
3．（2022秋·云南·高二统考学业考试）Linda is a beautiful girl ________ likes Chinese culture very much.
A．whmB．whseC．whichD．wh
4．（2022春·天津·高二统考学业考试）—Lk, the building ________ tp we can see here is ur library.
—Oh, it is very beautiful.
A．thatB．whatC．whichD．whse
5．（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）Jhn had a great feeling f lneliness, ______ was even mre serius during his lunch break.
A．whichB．itC．whatD．that
6．（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）Octber is a great time t visit Inner Mnglia Autnmus Regin, ________travelers can g t the quiet Ejina t enjy the wnderful scenery f Euphratica frest(胡杨林).
A．thenB．whereC．whenD．there
7．（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）________is reprted, vaccines (疫苗) d an excellent jb f preventing serius Cvid-19 illness and deaths, but are less gd at stpping infectins, particularly since the emergence (出现) f the mre infectius Delta variant.
A．ItB．WhichC．ThatD．As
8．（2022·天津南开·高二南开大学附属中学统考学业考试）After graduatin, I tk sme time ff t g travelling, ______turned ut t be a wise decisin.
A．thatB．whichC．whenD．where
9．（2022·天津河北·高二统考学业考试）After a lng and difficult jurney, the mnarch butterflies eventually reached the places ______ they wuld spend the winter.
A．whyB．whichC．whereD．when
10．（2022春·甘肃天水·高二天水市第一中学校考学业考试）Having a mix f male and female nurses als helps create a fun atmsphere, _________ helps patients recver faster.
A．thisB．thatC．whichD．where
11．（2022春·甘肃天水·高二天水市第一中学校考学业考试）Because f COVD-19, days are gne ________ lcal 5-star htels charged 5,000 yuan fr ne night.
A．ifB．whenC．whichD．since
12．（2022·天津红桥·高二天津市民族中学统考学业考试）Eventually, the butterfly manages t reach the places ______ it will spend the winter.
A．whichB．whatC．whereD．that
13．（2021秋·湖南株洲·高一株洲市南方中学校考学业考试）Peple remember the first travelers frm England___cme t live in America.
A．whichB．whereC．wh
14．（2021秋·吉林·高二学业考试）It was in the factry _______his friend wrked _________he picked up a lt f experience.
A．where; whereB．that; whereC．that; thatD．where; that
15．（2021·黑龙江·高二牡丹江市第三高级中学统考学业考试）I dn’t knw the reasn he was late again.
A．whyB．whereC．whichD．that
1．（2023·湖南株洲·校考模拟预测）—D yu like the weekly prgram Readers n CCTV?
— Sure. It’s a great TV prgram _________ can develp the habit f reading.
A．whB．thatC．whatD．whse
2．（2023·陕西西安·西安中学校考模拟预测）Have yu ever had a case ________ smene accused yur jurnalist f getting the wrng end f the stick?
A．asB．whenC．whereD．which
3．（2023·天津南开·南开中学校考模拟预测）There are ccasins ________ backpackers are s tired that they fall asleep almst anywhere.
A．whenB．whereC．whichD．that
4．（2023·天津·校联考一模）In the middle f this particular scene, I spt a small girl ______ ankle is twice its nrmal size.
A．whichB．thatC．whseD．wh
5．（2023·河南郑州·郑州外国语学校校考模拟预测）The ant runs its wn bdy every secnd, ________ it is quicker than an Olympic 100-meter runner.
A．as 108 times as lng; meaningB．108 times lnger than; which meaning
C．108 times the length f; which meansD．108 times hw lng; meaning
6．（2023·天津·天津市新华中学校考二模）Have yu ever had a case ________ smene accused yur jurnalists ________ getting the wrng end f the stick?
A．when; withB．where; fC．in which; withD．where; with
7．（2023·天津·模拟预测）5G cmmercial service’s being fficially launched has pened a new digital age, ____ nt nly technlgy but als peple’s wrk capacity and lifestyle will be upgraded.
A．asB．whereC．whenD．which
8．（2023·天津·校联考二模）Human facial expressins differ frm thse f animals in the degree___they can be cntrlled n purpse.
A．with whichB．t which
C．f whichD．fr which
9．（2023·天津·统考模拟预测）The reasn ________ he explained was________ he was ill and unable t g t schl.
A．why; thatB．why; becauseC．which; becauseD．which; that
10．（2023·天津红桥·统考一模）—What d yu think f teaching，Bb?
—I find it fun and challenging.It is a jb ________ yu are ding smething serius but interesting.
A．whereB．whichC．whenD．that
11．（2023·陕西西安·西安中学校考模拟预测）It was April 29, 2011 ________ Prince William and Kate Middletn walked int the palace hall f the wedding ceremny.
A．thatB．when
C．sinceD．befre
12．（2023·天津和平·统考二模）William Hastie nce suggested that histry infrms us f past mistakes ________ we can learn withut repeating them.
A．f whmB．abut whichC．frm whichD．by whm
13．（2023·天津河东·统考二模）When I was yung, my parents gave me an upbringing prepared me fr the life challenges mst f us have t face later in life.
A．thatB．whatC．whereD．whse
14．（2023·天津河北·统考一模）Generally speaking, the generatin gap is actually a technlgy gap, ________ children update themselves n the latest technlgy while parents drp behind.
A．whereB．whenC．whichD．that
15．（2023·天津南开·统考一模）There are sme characters in Jane Austen’s bks in________ lives a slight fall f snw is an event.
A．herB．whmC．whseD．their
关系词
先行词
从句
成分
例句
备注
关系代词
wh
人
主语
宾语
D yu knw the man wh spke t the headmaster just nw?
介词后不用that。
非限制性定语从句中不用that。
whm
人
宾语
Mr. Smith is the persn with whm I am wrking.
The by (whm) she lved died in the war.
whse
人，物
定语
I like thse bks whse tpics are abut histry.
The by whse father wrks abrad is my deskmate.
that
人，物
主语
宾语
A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pp star (that) I want t see very much.
which
物
主语
宾语
The bk (which) I gave yu was wrth $10.
I have seen the film abut which they are talking.
as
人，物
主语
宾语
He is such a persn as is respected by all f us.
This is the same pen as I lst yesterday.
as做宾语一般不省略
关系副词
when
时间
时间
状语
We will never frget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.
可用in/n/at which
where
地点
地点
状语
Is there a shp arund where we can get sme fruit?
可用in/n/at which
why
原因
原因
状语
I can’t imagine the reasn why he turned dwn my ffer.
可用fr which
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc20312" PAGEREF _Tc20312 \h 1
\l "_Tc6558" PAGEREF _Tc6558 \h 1
\l "_Tc15851" 考点一 定冠词2
\l "_Tc26385" 考点二 不定冠词4
\l "_Tc2857" 考点三 零冠词 PAGEREF _Tc2857 \h 5
\l "_Tc23347" 8
\l "_Tc9551" 10
1. 掌握关系代词的用法
2. 掌握关系副词的用法
3. 掌握介词+关系代词的用法
一、基本概念
1.定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词( that，which，wh，whm，whse，as）和关系副词（when, where, why）
4.关系代/副词的作用
1）连接主句和从句。
2）代替先行词（以免重复）。
3）在定语从句中充当句子成分。
4）用法：
二、关系代词的用法：
1. 当先行词为人时用wh或that 作主语，whm或that作宾语；
2. 当先行词为物或整个句子时用which，可作主语或宾语；指物时也可用that.
3. whse用作定语，可指人或物；指具体事物或抽象概念时，可与f+which结构互换，但词序不同；指人时可用f whm。
即whse+名词 =the+名词 +f which（或者=f which+the+名词）。
例如：
whse cver
That is the bk the cver f which is blue.
f which the cver
复习：Its cver is blue.=The cver f the bk is blue.
注：① 用f短语修饰的名词前应带“the”，而whse修饰的名词前不用冠词。
② f短语放在被修饰的名词的前后均可，而whse只能放在名词前。
三、使用关系代词时的注意问题：
1. that与which的区别。
1）用that而不用 which的情况：
a.先行词为不定代词all, smething, anything, everything, nthing, nne等时；
b.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时；
c.先行词被the nly, the very, any, few, little, all等词修饰时；
d.先行词既有人又有物时；
e.当主句为以wh或which开头的特殊疑问句时；
e.g. There is nthing that can prevent him frm ding it.
没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Mr. Smith is the nly freigner that he knws.
Wh is the persn that is standing at the gate?
2）用which而不用 that的情况：
a.引导非限制性定语从句；
b.代表整个主句的意思
c.介词 + 关系代词。
e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.
This is the rm in which my father lived last year.
2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词在人称、数方面应与先行词保持一致。
e.g. I, wh am yur teacher, will try my best t help yu.
The students wh are in Grade Three are ging t climb the hill tmrrw.
1）ne f + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词复数形式
Titanic is ne f the mst wnderful mvies that have been prduced in Hllywd. 《泰坦尼克号》是好莱坞制作的最精彩的电影之一。
2）the nly ne f + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词单数形式
Titanic is the nly ne f these wnderful mvies that has been prduced in Hllywd.
在这些精彩的电影中，《泰坦尼克号》是唯一一部由好莱坞制作的电影。
3）当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as与which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
Great changes have taken place in China, as is knwn t all.
3. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。
e.g. The sick man whm she is lking after is her father.
4. 关系词的省略
关系词在定语从句中作及物动词的宾语时，或者作介词的宾语且介词放在句尾时，可以省略。
e.g: The by (whm/wh/that) we saw yesterday was Jhn.
Is this the cmputer rm (which/that) yu wrk in？
The reasn (which/that) he tld us is reasnable.
四、关系副词的用法：
1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when (=n which) I first came t Beijing.
[误区警示] 当先行词是时间名词时，若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，则用when引导；若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。
D yu remember the days when we chatted with each ther all night?
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）
D yu remember the days that / which we spent tgether n the farm?
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that/which作spent的宾语）
2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
That is the huse where (= in which) he lived ten years ag.
注：高考对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转向模糊化的“地点”。当先行词为表示“阶段，情况”等含义的抽象名词pint, psitin, situatin, atmsphere, stage, case, jb等时，也常用where引导定语从句。
例如：The next time yu find yurself in a situatin where yu feel wrthless, think abut the mst pwerful her yu can imagine and hw they wuld react in yur place. 下次，当你感到自己没用的时候，想出一位在你看来最强大的英雄，以及在你这种情况下，他们会如何做出反应。
They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther.
他们已经到了彼此必须分手的地步。
[误区警示] 当先行词为地点名词时，若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that/ which引导定语从句。
3. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
I knw the reasn why (=fr which) she was s angry.
注：①why作关系副词只用在reasn后面。
② “关系副词＝介词 + which”
[误区警示] 当代替先行词reasn的关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则用that/ which引导定语从句。
五、定语从句关系词选择步骤
（1）判断是否是定语从句（修饰名词、代词或一整句话，放在后面）;
（2）判断是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句;
（3）分析定语从句中所缺的成分;
缺主语或宾语（关系代词that, which, wh, whm）
缺定语（关系代词whse）
缺状语（关系副词when, where, why）
1）I still remember the days which we spent tgether.
2）I still remember the days when (= in which) we wrked tgether.
技巧：看（在汉语中）先行词能否放到从句谓动后面作宾语。
This is the factry that/ which we visited last year.
This is the factry where we wrked tgether last year.
I dn’t knw the reasn why he didn’t d his hmewrk.
I dn’t knw the reasn that/ which he tld yu.
六、定语从句用法其他要点
1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
(1) 限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. I was the nly persn in ur ffice wh was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
(2) 非限制性定语从句：从句与先行词关系不密切，去掉定语从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能用that引导。
e.g. Tm’s father, wh is ver sixty, still wrks hard day and night.（wh引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
2.“介词 + 关系代词”的用法
“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词常用的有which, whm, whse, 不可用that和wh。
例如：This is the bk fr which I paid 5 yuan.
The ld man has tw sns, bth f whm are dctrs.
She’s the very persn in whse pcket I fund my lst watch.
☆ 介词的确定主要遵循以下三个原则：
(1) 根据与定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single persn t whm she culd turn fr help.
在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。（turn t sb. fr help)
(2) 根据与定语从句中形容词的搭配来确定
Physics is the subject in ur schl in which every student is interested.
物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。（be interested in)
(3) 根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定
I’ll never frget the time during which I spent my childhd in the cuntry.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。（during the time)
(4) 根据所表达的意思来确定
The clrless gas withut which we can’t live is called xygen.
这种无色的气体就是氧气，离了它我们无法生存。
3. as和which的用法区别
(1) which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句后，as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句之前，之中和之后。
She said she had finished her wrk, which I dubted very much.
她说她已经完成工作了，我对此深感怀疑。
As anybdy can see, a cmputer can d almst everything peple can.
正如人们所看到的那样，计算机几乎能做到人所能做的一切事。
(2) as引导的从句主要起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，意为“正如，正像”。which引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，意为“这一点，这件事”。
As is knwn t all, China is a cuntry with the largest ppulatin in the wrld.
众所周知，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。
He sld his bicycle, which surprised me. 他把自行车卖了，这使我感到奇怪。
(3) 引导限制性定语从句时，as常用于, , the 结构中。
Such peple as have made great cntributins t the wrld shuld be greatly respected. 那些对世界作出重大贡献的人应受到极大的尊重。
I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我想要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。
(4) 在句法上，as常用作一些实义动词，如 see, knw, hear, watch, remember, say, tell, shw, expect, guess等的宾语，这类动词与as几乎成了一种固定搭配。
As we all expected, the plan turned ut t be very successful.
正如我们所期望的，该计划很成功。
4. 注意way和time后接定语从句的情况形式：
(1) 当先行词是way (意为“方式，方法”），定语从句中缺宾语时，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式：
The way that ( which /不填) he explained t us was quite simple.
他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。（从句中缺少宾语）
而当定语从句中缺状语时，引导定语从句的关系词有以下三种形式：
The way that ( in which /不填) he explained the sentence t us was difficult t understand.他向我们解释句子的那种方法很难理解。（从句中缺少状语）
(2) 先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间”讲，应用关系副词when或介词during + which引导定语从句。
This is the secnd time (that) the President has visited the cuntry.
这是总统第二次访问这个国家。
There was a time when/during which there were n radis, telephnes r TV sets.曾经有一段时期没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视机。
考点一 关系代词
【典例分析】
（2023春·河北·高二统考学业考试）Have yu heard abut the player gt the first prize in the swimming?
A．whichB．whatC．whD．whm
（2023·山西·高二统考学业考试）His parents frced him t be a lawyer, ______ was against his wn wishes.
A．whenB．whichC．thatD．what
考点二 关系副词
【典例分析】
（2023·江苏·高二学业考试）We live in an age________ mre infrmatin is available mre easily than ever befre.
A．whyB．t whmC．whenD．n which
考点三 介词+关系代词
【典例分析】
（2023·天津红桥·高二统考学业考试）A year is divided int fur seasns, as we all knw, _______ the first is spring.
A．whichB．f themC．whenD．f which
1．（2022秋·广东清远·高一校联考学业考试）In the cming Olympic Games, there will be ten mre new events, __________mre athletes will try t realize their gal in.
A．thatB．whichC．whereD．when
2．（2022秋·广西·高二柳州市第三中学统考学业考试）The by ______ gt the first prize is frm Class 1.
A．whereB．whenC．whichD．wh
3．（2022秋·云南·高二统考学业考试）Linda is a beautiful girl ________ likes Chinese culture very much.
A．whmB．whseC．whichD．wh
4．（2022春·天津·高二统考学业考试）—Lk, the building ________ tp we can see here is ur library.
—Oh, it is very beautiful.
A．thatB．whatC．whichD．whse
5．（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）Jhn had a great feeling f lneliness, ______ was even mre serius during his lunch break.
A．whichB．itC．whatD．that
6．（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）Octber is a great time t visit Inner Mnglia Autnmus Regin, ________travelers can g t the quiet Ejina t enjy the wnderful scenery f Euphratica frest(胡杨林).
A．thenB．whereC．whenD．there
7．（2022·内蒙古·高二统考学业考试）________is reprted, vaccines (疫苗) d an excellent jb f preventing serius Cvid-19 illness and deaths, but are less gd at stpping infectins, particularly since the emergence (出现) f the mre infectius Delta variant.
A．ItB．WhichC．ThatD．As
8．（2022·天津南开·高二南开大学附属中学统考学业考试）After graduatin, I tk sme time ff t g travelling, ______turned ut t be a wise decisin.
A．thatB．whichC．whenD．where
9．（2022·天津河北·高二统考学业考试）After a lng and difficult jurney, the mnarch butterflies eventually reached the places ______ they wuld spend the winter.
A．whyB．whichC．whereD．when
10．（2022春·甘肃天水·高二天水市第一中学校考学业考试）Having a mix f male and female nurses als helps create a fun atmsphere, _________ helps patients recver faster.
A．thisB．thatC．whichD．where
11．（2022春·甘肃天水·高二天水市第一中学校考学业考试）Because f COVD-19, days are gne ________ lcal 5-star htels charged 5,000 yuan fr ne night.
A．ifB．whenC．whichD．since
12．（2022·天津红桥·高二天津市民族中学统考学业考试）Eventually, the butterfly manages t reach the places ______ it will spend the winter.
A．whichB．whatC．whereD．that
13．（2021秋·湖南株洲·高一株洲市南方中学校考学业考试）Peple remember the first travelers frm England___cme t live in America.
A．whichB．whereC．wh
14．（2021秋·吉林·高二学业考试）It was in the factry _______his friend wrked _________he picked up a lt f experience.
A．where; whereB．that; whereC．that; thatD．where; that
15．（2021·黑龙江·高二牡丹江市第三高级中学统考学业考试）I dn’t knw the reasn he was late again.
A．whyB．whereC．whichD．that
1．（2023·湖南株洲·校考模拟预测）—D yu like the weekly prgram Readers n CCTV?
— Sure. It’s a great TV prgram _________ can develp the habit f reading.
A．whB．thatC．whatD．whse
2．（2023·陕西西安·西安中学校考模拟预测）Have yu ever had a case ________ smene accused yur jurnalist f getting the wrng end f the stick?
A．asB．whenC．whereD．which
3．（2023·天津南开·南开中学校考模拟预测）There are ccasins ________ backpackers are s tired that they fall asleep almst anywhere.
A．whenB．whereC．whichD．that
4．（2023·天津·校联考一模）In the middle f this particular scene, I spt a small girl ______ ankle is twice its nrmal size.
A．whichB．thatC．whseD．wh
5．（2023·河南郑州·郑州外国语学校校考模拟预测）The ant runs its wn bdy every secnd, ________ it is quicker than an Olympic 100-meter runner.
A．as 108 times as lng; meaningB．108 times lnger than; which meaning
C．108 times the length f; which meansD．108 times hw lng; meaning
6．（2023·天津·天津市新华中学校考二模）Have yu ever had a case ________ smene accused yur jurnalists ________ getting the wrng end f the stick?
A．when; withB．where; fC．in which; withD．where; with
7．（2023·天津·模拟预测）5G cmmercial service’s being fficially launched has pened a new digital age, ____ nt nly technlgy but als peple’s wrk capacity and lifestyle will be upgraded.
A．asB．whereC．whenD．which
8．（2023·天津·校联考二模）Human facial expressins differ frm thse f animals in the degree___they can be cntrlled n purpse.
A．with whichB．t which
C．f whichD．fr which
9．（2023·天津·统考模拟预测）The reasn ________ he explained was________ he was ill and unable t g t schl.
A．why; thatB．why; becauseC．which; becauseD．which; that
10．（2023·天津红桥·统考一模）—What d yu think f teaching，Bb?
—I find it fun and challenging.It is a jb ________ yu are ding smething serius but interesting.
A．whereB．whichC．whenD．that
11．（2023·陕西西安·西安中学校考模拟预测）It was April 29, 2011 ________ Prince William and Kate Middletn walked int the palace hall f the wedding ceremny.
A．thatB．when
C．sinceD．befre
12．（2023·天津和平·统考二模）William Hastie nce suggested that histry infrms us f past mistakes ________ we can learn withut repeating them.
A．f whmB．abut whichC．frm whichD．by whm
13．（2023·天津河东·统考二模）When I was yung, my parents gave me an upbringing prepared me fr the life challenges mst f us have t face later in life.
A．thatB．whatC．whereD．whse
14．（2023·天津河北·统考一模）Generally speaking, the generatin gap is actually a technlgy gap, ________ children update themselves n the latest technlgy while parents drp behind.
A．whereB．whenC．whichD．that
15．（2023·天津南开·统考一模）There are sme characters in Jane Austen’s bks in________ lives a slight fall f snw is an event.
A．herB．whmC．whseD．their
关系词
先行词
从句
成分
例句
备注
关系代词
wh
人
主语
宾语
D yu knw the man wh spke t the headmaster just nw?
介词后不用that。
非限制性定语从句中不用that。
whm
人
宾语
Mr. Smith is the persn with whm I am wrking.
The by (whm) she lved died in the war.
whse
人，物
定语
I like thse bks whse tpics are abut histry.
The by whse father wrks abrad is my deskmate.
that
人，物
主语
宾语
A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pp star (that) I want t see very much.
which
物
主语
宾语
The bk (which) I gave yu was wrth $10.
I have seen the film abut which they are talking.
as
人，物
主语
宾语
He is such a persn as is respected by all f us.
This is the same pen as I lst yesterday.
as做宾语一般不省略
关系副词
when
时间
时间
状语
We will never frget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.
可用in/n/at which
where
地点
地点
状语
Is there a shp arund where we can get sme fruit?
可用in/n/at which
why
原因
原因
状语
I can’t imagine the reasn why he turned dwn my ffer.
可用fr which
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