【学考复习】（江苏专用）2024年高中英语学业水平考试 专题讲解 第11讲 七选五-讲义

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\l "_Tc15851" 考点一 段首句3
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掌握七选五命题规律
掌握段首句、段中句、段位句解题策略

第一步：看位置定类型
句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表：
第二步：由类型定技法
1.主旨概括题
主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力，它要求考生在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。这类题常以考查段落标题为主，设题位置一般在段首，有时总结性的语句也会出现在段中或段尾。这类题有时也会考查整篇文章的主旨大意，即文章的主题句，一般会在首段设空。概括起来讲，命题人通常从两个方面设题：①概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句；②段落标题。
解答主旨概括题通常采用浏览的方式，即重点搜索本段的主题线索词并快速理清主旨大意，然后浏览选项，准确判定出与主旨大意匹配的选项。
2.语段过渡题
语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句，具有承上启下的作用，该题型主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。其设空位置比较灵活，可位于段尾、段首或段中。解这类题通常可采用位置判断法。
如果设空位于段首，要前瞻后望找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与之衔接，并结合本段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。
如果设空位于段中，重点阅读该空的前一句和后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；如果还没有把握，再分析该段的中心句。
如果设空位于段尾，在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联时，可考虑与下一段开头之间的衔接。仔细阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与所选选项紧密连接起来。
3.细节线索题
细节线索类的试题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节，比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经常用到的方法有：词汇复现法、词汇同现法、代词线索法、逻辑关系线索法等。
1)．词汇复现法
复现法是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。考生可利用文章的这一特点，在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词。
2)．词汇同现法
词汇同现是指属于同一词汇范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语意衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。
3)．代词线索法
英语文章中代词出现的频率极高，代词一般用来指代前面提及的名词，考生如果能巧妙地利用这样的指代关系或根据代词的单复数就可以准确而快速地解题。
4)．逻辑关系线索法
一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，作出正确的判断。
考点一 段首句
【典例分析】
（22·23上·广西·学业考试）
9 Make cleaning yur hme a respnsibility fr the whle family. Create a list f husewrk and have everyne sign up. Then set up a time during the week r n the weekend when everyne can d their husewrk tgether.
A．D husewrk as a family.
B．Try t set aside a regular day every week.
C．That’s why yu create a sense f supprt.
D．As a result, never feel bad abut taking a break.
E．Remember that yur children learn by example.
F．Just eat a meal and have a cnversatin tgether.
G．Here are sme tips t help bring yur family clser.
【答案】 9．A
9．空格处的句子是该部分的主题句。空格后的句子“Make cleaning yur hme a respnsibility fr the whle family. Create a list f husewrk and have everyne sign up. Then set up a time during the week r n the weekend when everyne can d their husewrk tgether.（让打扫你的家成为全家人的责任。创建一份家务清单，让每个人都签字。然后在一周内或周末安排一个时间，让每个人都可以一起做家务）”是建议让每个人都参与做家务，所以空格处的句子一定是建议让家人一起做家务，所以把A项“D husewrk as a family.（像一家人一样做家务）”填入空格处，符合题意。故选A项。
考点二 段中句
【典例分析】
（22·23上·广西·学业考试）
Set aside time fr family. 7 By keeping this day n a regular schedule, everyne will knw that they need t keep that day clear fr family time. Then the entire family can get tgether fr a fun activity.
Eat meals tgether. Chse a few nights during the week when yu expect everyne t gather arund the dinner table. Studies have shwn that eating meals tgether has a psitive effect n children’s physical and mental well-being. 8 Dn’t allw phnes. What’s the mst imprtant is that yu cme tgether and enjy a meal free f distractin (分心).
A．D husewrk as a family.
B．Try t set aside a regular day every week.
C．That’s why yu create a sense f supprt.
D．As a result, never feel bad abut taking a break.
E．Remember that yur children learn by example.
F．Just eat a meal and have a cnversatin tgether.
G．Here are sme tips t help bring yur family clser.
【答案】 7．B 8．F
7．根据空格前的句子“Set aside time fr family.（为家庭留出时间）”和空格后的句子“By keeping this day n a regular schedule, everyne will knw that they need t keep that day clear fr family time.（通过定期安排这一天，每个人都会知道他们需要留出一天的家庭时间）”可知，空格处的句子一定提到“定期安排一天”这一建议，所以把B项“Try t set aside a regular day every week.（试着每周留出固定的一天）”填入空格处，符合题意。故选B项。
8．空格前的句子“Eat meals tgether. Chse a few nights during the week when yu expect everyne t gather arund the dinner table. Studies have shwn that eating meals tgether has a psitive effect n children’s physical and mental well-being.（一起吃饭。在一周中选择几个晚上，那时你希望每个人都聚集在餐桌旁。研究表明，一起吃饭对孩子的身心健康有积极的影响）”是建议和家人一起吃饭，并说明这样做的好处；而空格后的句子“Dn’t allw phnes. What’s the mst imprtant is that yu cme tgether and enjy a meal free f distractin.（不允许使用手机。最重要的是你们聚在一起，专心享受一顿饭）”是建议不要使用手机，专心享受和家人一起吃饭的时间，所以空格处的句子也应该是谈论和家人一起吃饭的事，所以把F项“Just eat a meal and have a cnversatin tgether.（只是一起吃顿饭，聊聊天）”填入空格处，符合题意。故选F项。
考点三 段尾句
【典例分析】
（22·23下·佛山·学业考试）It’s the hliday seasn, and yu are n a lng break frm schl and athletics. Hw d yu make sure yu stay fit during the hlidays? Fllw the five tips t keep yurself mving during the hlidays.
Have a plan. Create a plan fr yur training sessins. This can make sure yu “cmplete X amunt f wrkuts a week” and have wrkuts scheduled int yur day. 16
Get enugh sleep and rest. Enugh rest will reduce the risk f injury. What’s mre, it wil1 prvide a necessary mental reset. During the schl year, yu maintain a very busy schedule and smetimes sleep is nt high n yur pririty list. While yu have the time t rest, yu shuld! 19
A．Exercise in the mrning.
B．Make ding sprts a scial event.
C．Make sure yu get in sme srt f mvement daily.
D．S dn’t be t hard n yurself when it cmes t exercise.
E．Eating healthily nw will give yu mre energy thrughut the day.
F．In additin, yu are mre likely t cmplete them withut affecting ther events.
G．Therefre, when yu g back t schl, yur bdy and mind will be ready t wrk.
【答案】16．F 19．G
16．根据前文“Have a plan. Create a plan fr yur training sessins. This can make sure yu “cmplete X amunt f wrkuts a week” and have wrkuts scheduled int yur day. (策划计划。为您的训练制定一个计划。这可以确保您每周完成指定次数的锻炼，并使锻炼计划安排在您的每一天中)”可知，要定制锻炼计划，且要完成，前提是在不影响其他事情的情况下，F项“In additin, yu are mre likely t cmplete them withut affecting ther events. (此外，您更有可能在不影响其他事件的情况下完成它们)”符合语境，故选F项。
19．根据前文“During the schl year, yu maintain a very busy schedule and smetimes sleep is nt high n yur pririty list. While yu have the time t rest, yu shuld! (在学年期间，您保持非常繁忙的日程安排，有时睡眠不是您的优先事项。因此，当您有时间休息时，您应该好好休息)”可知，作者强调了假期期间获取足够的睡眠和休息的重要性。空处位于段末，应承接上文陈述获得足够睡眠和休息的好处，G项“Therefre, when yu g back t schl, yur bdy and mind will be ready t wrk. (因此，当你回到学校时，你的身心将准备好工作)”符合题意。故选G项。
（22·23·湖北·学业考试）Everyne lves travelling, right? Unfrtunately, mney can smetimes be a prblem. Here are sme tips fr gaining better travel experience, regardless f yur bank savings!
Tip 1: Decide where yu’ll g based n yur budget.
The cst f yur trip can depend greatly n where yu want t g. 1 . Fr example, cuntries like France and the UK can be pretty expensive t visit. By cntrast, Eastern Eurpe and Sutheast Asia are cheaper and still ffer great cultural experiences.
Tip 2: 2 .
Yes, everyne lves the luxury f a five star htel. But sadly, in a lt f places, this is just nt realistic fr thse n a budget. That’s why whenever I travel t cuntries which are expensive, I chse t stay in hstels r campsites. Hstels are a sure way t meet ptential travelling cmpanins while als saving mney. 3 .
Tip 3: Dn’t always rely n restaurants.
Anther advantage f staying in hstels(招待所)is that yu will always have access t a kitchen. Eating in a restaurant can be very expensive, 4 . Many cities have markets where yu can buy fresh fd and vegetables n the cheap, and yu can even try t make the ppular fd f the cuntry.
S yu see, if yu cme prepared, yu can easily travel the wrld, 5 .
A．Chse hstels and campsites
B．n matter what yur budget is
C．s yu can easily save by cking yur wn meals
D．S, knwing the average csts in a cuntry can help yu plan yur trip
E．Camping is als a great chice fr budget accmmdatin, especially if yu enjy the utdrs
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．E 4．C 5．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了预算紧张，但是又想出去旅游的三个小窍门。
1．根据上文“The cst f yur trip can depend greatly n where yu want t g.(你旅行的费用很大程度上取决于你要去哪里)”可知空处应与谈论费用有关，与D项“S, knwing the average csts in a cuntry can help yu plan yur trip.(因此，了解一个国家的平均费用可以帮助您计划旅行。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选D项。
2．根据下文“That’s why whenever I travel t cuntries which are expensive, I chse t stay in hstels r campsites. (这就是为什么每当我去昂贵的国家旅行时，我都会选择住在旅馆或露营地。)”可知，本段与htel和campsites有关，与A项“Chse hstels and campsites(选择旅馆和露营地)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选A项。
3．根据上文“That’s why whenever I travel t cuntries which are expensive, I chse t stay in hstels r campsites. (这就是为什么每当我去昂贵的国家旅行时，我都会选择住在旅馆或露营地。)”可知，本段与htel和campsites有关，描述完htel之后应该要提到campsites有关的内容，与E项“Camping is als a great chice fr budget accmmdatin, especially if yu enjy the utdrs(露营也是经济型住宿的绝佳选择，特别是如果您喜欢户外活动)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选E项。
4．根据小标题“Tip 3: Dn’t always rely n restaurants.(技巧3：不要总是依赖餐馆。)”可知，在餐馆吃饭会很贵，可以通过自己做饭来节省，与C项“s yu can easily save by cking yur wn meals(这样你就可以通过自己做饭来轻松节省)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选C项。
5．根据全文及上文“S yu see, if yu cme prepared, yu can easily travel the wrld, (所以你看，如果你有备而来，你可以轻松地环游世界，)”可知，空处呼应第一段并总结全文：不管你越算多少，只要你做好准备就可以轻松的周游世界，与B项“n matter what yur budget is(无论您的预算是多少)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选B项。
（22·23·海南·学业考试）Critical thinking is the ability t think clearly and ratinally (理性地). T think critically is t reflect n things in an independent manner. 6 A critical thinker is able t deduce cnclusins frm what he r she already knws, use existing knwledge t reach cnclusins, and identify relevant surces f infrmatin t extend existing knwledge. Here are sme things yu can d t enhance yur critical thinking.
Clarify yur thinking. Dn’t be satisfied with a vague r fuzzy understanding f things. Dn’t take things at face value. Seek the real meaning f things by lking at nt just the surface, but belw the surface as well. Stick t the pint when yu are thinking smething thrugh. Dn’t jump abut withut any lgical cnnectins between yur thughts. 7
Keep an pen mind. Yu will nt be able t think critically if yu apprach things with a rigid set f pinins and attitudes that are nt pen t discussin. 8 Keep judgment abut things until yu are certain yu have enugh infrmatin with which t make an infrmed judgment. This is anther way f saying “dn’t jump t cnclusins.”
9 Learn abut things yu dn’t knw much abut and explre new ways f lking at and ding things. Dn’t let yur emtins get in the way f yur thinking. 10 Yu will d yur clearest thinking when yu are calm and in cntrl. Be a gd listener. The better yu listen, the mre crrect infrmatin yu will have, and the better decisins yu will make.
A．Be intellectually curius.
B．D nt rush t judgment.
C．Stay fcused n what is relevant.
D．Judge things accrding t yur persnal standards.
E．Think critically, and yu will be all that yu can be.
F．It’s difficult t think critically when yu are angry r upset.
G．Critical thinking becmes increasingly imprtant as yu prgress thrugh schl.
【答案】6．G 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何培养批判性思维。
6．根据下文“A critical thinker is able t deduce cnclusins frm what he r she already knws, use existing knwledge t reach cnclusins, and identify relevant surces f infrmatin t extend existing knwledge.(批判性思考者能够从他或她已经知道的东西中推断出结论，利用现有的知识得出结论，并识别相关的信息来源来扩展现有的知识)”可知，批判性思维是很重要的。由此可知，G选项“Critical thinking becmes increasingly imprtant as yu prgress thrugh schl.(随着你在学校的进步，批判性思维变得越来越重要)”能够承接上文，强调了批判性思维的重要性，同时为下文介绍培养批判性思维的方法做好铺垫，符合语境。故选G。
7．根据上文“Stick t the pint when yu are thinking smething thrugh. Dn’t jump abut withut any lgical cnnectins between yur thughts.(当你想清楚某件事的时候，要抓住重点。不要在没有任何逻辑联系的情况下跳来跳去)”可知，要专心于重点。由此可知，C选项“Stay fcused n what is relevant.(专注于相关的内容)”能够承接上文，说明了要专注于重点，符合语境。故选C。
8．根据下文“Keep judgment abut things until yu are certain yu have enugh infrmatin with which t make an infrmed judgment. This is anther way f saying “dn’t jump t cnclusins.”(保持对事物的判断，直到你确定你有足够的信息来做出明智的判断。这是“不要妄下结论”的另一种说法)”可知，不能妄下结论。由此可知，B选项“D nt rush t judgment.(不要急于下结论)”能够引起下文，说明了不要妄下结论，符合语境。故选B。
9．空格处是本段主题句，根据下文“Learn abut things yu dn’t knw much abut and explre new ways f lking at and ding things.(学习你不太了解的事情，探索看待和做事的新方法)”可知，我们要对未知的事情保持好奇。由此可知，A选项“Be intellectually curius.(保持求知欲)”说明了要对未知的事情保持好奇，能够概括了本段内容，可作主题句。故选A。
10．根据上文“Dn’t let yur emtins get in the way f yur thinking.(不要让你的情绪影响你的思考)”可知，不要让情绪影响思考，空格处应该说为什么。由此可知，F选项“It’s difficult t think critically when yu are angry r upset.(当你生气或沮丧时，很难进行批判性思考)”能够承接上文，说明了生气或或沮丧时，很难进行批判性思考，解释了为什么不要让情绪影响思考，符合语境。故选F。
（20·21下·贵州·学业考试）An expert says being a mrning persn is the best way t make the mst f yur day Hw can yu train yurself t be a mrning persn? 11 .
●Train yurself t g t bed earlier
Ging t bed earlier will make it easier t get up in the mrning since yu are well-rested. Dr. Stanley said, “In rder t be energetic next mrning, 12 .”
●D sme exercise during the day
If yu are training yurself t be a mrning persn, it can be a gd idea t start yur exercise befre yu g t wrk. Dr. Stanley suggested, “Being awake and active during the day will help yu get a gd night sleep. 13 .”
●Turn n a light as sn as yu wake up
As sn as yur alarm ges ff, 14 . “The thing that tells yu t be awake is light,” Dr. Stanley said. “Turning n the lights helps t create a psitive mental attitude which will help yu get up and g.”
● 15
Set yur ld-schl clck fr the time yu need t get up. Nt yur phne’s clck, but an ld-schl clck with an alarm n it. This means yur phne shuld be nwhere near yu when yu’ re sleeping. Put it n the ther side f the rm r in anther rm.
A．Use yur phne’s clck
B．Use an ld-schl clck
C．train yurself t g t bed earlier
D．Yu shuld g shpping everyday
E．turn n a light t help yu wake up
F．Here, Dr. Neil Stanley gives his tp tips t achieve it
G．This means yu shuld d sme exercise during the day
【答案】11．F 12．C 13．G 14．E 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何训练自己早起成为“早起的人”。主要包括：训练自己早睡早起、白天适度运动、起床后打开灯光、使用老式闹钟等。
11．根据前文“An expert says being a mrning persn is the best way t make the mst f yur day Hw can yu train yurself t be a mrning persn?(一位专家说，做一个早起的人是充分利用一天的最好方式。怎样才能把自己训练成一个早起的人呢？)”可知，此处提出问题即如何做一个早起的人，后文应该就此给出具体建议。F选项“Here, Dr. Neil Stanley gives his tp tips t achieve it(在这里，尼尔·斯坦利博士给出了实现这一目标的重要建议)”承上启下，指出该专家提出了一些具体建议，符合语境。故选F。
12．根据本段段旨“Train yurself t g t bed earlier(训练自己早点睡觉)”可知，本段陈述的是训练自己早睡来帮助自己早起。C选项“train yurself t g t bed earlier(训练自己早点睡觉)”与段旨呼应，符合语境。故选C。
13．根据本段段旨“D sme exercise during the day(白天做些运动吗)”以及前文“Being awake and active during the day will help yu get a gd night sleep.(白天保持清醒和活跃有助于你晚上睡个好觉。)”可知，本段讲述的是在白天做一些运动有助于自己让自己在白天清醒和积极，可以让自己在晚间有好的睡眠。G选项“This means yu shuld d sme exercise during the day(这意味着你应该在白天做一些运动)”承接前文，指出白天运动有助于晚上能够有好的睡眠，符合语境。故选G。
14．根据本段段旨“Turn n a light as sn as yu wake up(你一醒来就把灯打开)”可知，此处给出的建议是一醒来的时候就把灯打开，能够让自己早起。E选项“turn n a light t help yu wake up(打开一盏灯来帮助你醒来)”与段旨呼应，符合语境。故选E。
15．根据后文的“Set yur ld-schl clck fr the time yu need t get up.( 把你的旧闹钟设置为你需要起床的时间。)” 可知，本段主要陈述的是使用老式闹钟帮助自己起床。B选项“Use an ld-schl clck(使用老式的时钟)”概括本段内容，符合语境。故选B。
（21·22·福建·学业考试）One f the mst imprtant keys is making sure that kids are getting the message yu're trying t send. When yu cmmunicate with kids, smetimes the way instructins (指令) are given can be just as imprtant as what yu're trying t cmmunicate. 16
Be direct. Make statements rather than asking questins. “Please turn right,” as ppsed t “Are yu ready t get ut yur hmewrk?”
17 Give instructins when yu are near the child, rather than calling ut frm acrss the rm.
Use clear and specific cmmands (命令). Instead f “G ahead,” say, “Please turn right at the secnd crssing. ”
Give instructins ne at a time. 18 “Please put n yur cat, get yur lunch ff the kitchen cunter, and meet me in the frnt dr.”
Keep explanatins easy. Giving a ratinale (根本原因) can increase the likelihd children will listen t a cmmand. Fr example, “G get yur cat n because it's raining. 19 ” Instead, try: “It’s raining and I dn’t want yu t catch a cld. G get yur cat n.
Give kids time t prcess. After yu give an instructin, wait a few secnds, withut repeating what yu said. They dn't need t listen. 20 Watching and waiting als helps keep adults frm ding what we’ve requested f ur kids fr them.
A．Be clse.
B．Dn't give them ne by ne.
C．I dn't want yu t catch a cld.
D．D shut ut as ludly as pssible.
E．Try t avid giving instructins all tgether.
F．This is because the instructins will be repeated.
G．Here are the practical ways t present infrmatin t the kids
【答案】16．G 17．A 18．E 19．C 20．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几种向孩子有效地传达信息的方法和建议。
16．根据上文“When yu cmmunicate with kids, smetimes the way instructins (指令) are given can be just as imprtant as what yu're trying t cmmunicate.”（当你和孩子交流时，有时候给出指示的方式和你想要传达的内容一样重要。）引出话题，提到向孩子传达信息，以及下文具体的介绍一些建议和方法，可推知，空格处内容应为有一些向孩子们展示信息的实用方法。结合选项G项Here are the practical ways t present infrmatin t the kids.（以下是向孩子们展示信息的实用方法。）符合此推断，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
17．由该题为段落小标题可知，为总结该段内容。该段下文“Give instructins when yu are near the child, rather than calling ut frm acrss the rm.”（当你靠近孩子的时候，要给予指示，而不是在房间的另一头大声喊叫。）可知，讲的是靠近孩子给予指示。结合选项A项Be clse.（保持亲近。）意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选A项。
18．根据上文“Give instructins ne at a time.”（每次只给一个指示。）提到每次只给一个指示。以及下文““Please put n yur cat, get yur lunch ff the kitchen cunter, and meet me in the frnt dr.””（“请穿上外套，把你的午餐从厨房柜台上拿下来，然后在前门等我。”）为具体解释一个指示的例子。由此可推知，空格处内容应为不要给太多的指示，每次只给一个指示。结合选E项Try t avid giving instructins all tgether.（尽量避免一起下达指令。）符合此推断，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
19．根据下文“Instead, try: “It’s raining and I dn’t want yu t catch a cld. G get yur cat n.”（相反，你可以说：“下雨了，我不想让你感冒。”去把外套穿上。）可知，提到相反例子的表达方式，由此可知，空格处内容应该与此意义保持一致。结合上文内容可知，空格处内容缺少的是“我不想让你感冒”。结合选项C项I dn't want yu t catch a cld.（我不想让你感冒。）符合此推断，和下文例子形成对比关系。故选C项。
20．根据上文“After yu give an instructin, wait a few secnds, withut repeating what yu said. They dn't need t listen.”（在你给出指示后，等几秒钟，不要重复你说的话。他们不需要听。）提到给出指示后不要重复你说的话，由此可推知，空格处应该为解释该做法的原因。结合选项F项This is because the instructins will be repeated.（这是因为指令会被重复。）符合此推断，承接上文内容，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
（21·22上·云南·学业考试）Lsing weight is tugh. Fr mst peple, it requires a change in diet, a change in exercise habits, and a change in attitude. 21
Set healthy gals.
If yu're verweight and want t change that, the first step is deciding what yur target weight is. 22
Start small.
Making majr behavir changes isn't smething that happens vernight. 23 Keep eating 5 servings f vegetables a day, exercise 2 days a week fr the first week, and then add a little mre each week.
24
Nw it's time t start wrking twards that gal. The best way t stick with yur diet and exercise rules is t track it. There are plenty f apps that allw yu t d this. Or yu can d it in an ld way and keep a written fd and exercise jurnal. Find what wrks fr yu and write dwn what yu've achieved every day.
Evaluate (评估) and adjust.
Every mnth yu shuld take a lk at yur gal and see what type f prgress yu've made twards achieving it. If yu're nt where yu want t be, make small adjustments. Try ding different exercises r cutting back n certain types f fds that yu may be eating t much f.
25 Find what just wrks fr yu and stick with it.
A．Track yur diet and exercise.
B．Here's hw yu can achieve all the three.
C．Yu might as well start with yur wn attitude.
D．What steps are yu ging t take t stick with yur diet?
E．S start with 1-2 things per week and wrk up frm there.
F．Lsing weight and keeping it ff is a highly persnal thing.
G．Write dwn yur gal and set a date by which yu want t achieve that gal.
【答案】21．B 22．G 23．E 24．A 25．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过节食和锻炼减肥需要注意的方面。
21．根据上文“Lsing weight is tugh. Fr mst peple, it requires a change in diet, a change in exercise habits, and a change in attitude.(减肥是艰难的。对大多数人来说，它需要改变饮食，改变运动习惯，改变态度)”结合后文介绍了减肥的方法，可知本句为过渡句，故B选项“以下是你实现这三个目标的方法”符合语境，故选B。
22．根据标题“Set healthy gals.(制定健康的目标)”以及上文“If yu're verweight and want t change that, the first step is deciding what yur target weight is.(如果你超重了，想要改变，第一步就是确定你的目标体重是多少)”可知，上文提到了确定目标体重是多少，可知本句是第二步：写下你的目标，设定一个你想要实现目标的日期，G选项中gal对应标题gals。故G选项“写下你的目标，设定一个你想要实现目标的日期”符合语境，故选G。
23．根据上文“Making majr behavir changes isn't smething that happens vernight.(做出重大的行为改变不是一朝一夕的事)”可知，上文提到了不是一朝一夕的事，故本句与上文构成因果关系，指出要慢慢来。故E选项“所以从每周做1-2件事开始，然后慢慢做”符合语境，故选E。
24．根据下文“The best way t stick with yur diet and exercise rules is t track it. There are plenty f apps that allw yu t d this. Or yu can d it in an ld way and keep a written fd and exercise jurnal. Find what wrks fr yu and write dwn what yu've achieved every day.(坚持你的饮食和锻炼规则的最好方法是跟踪它。有很多应用程序可以让你做到这一点。或者你可以用一种老方法，把食物和锻炼记录下来。找到适合你的方法，并写下你每天取得的成就)”可知，本段建议我们应该监测，记录我们的饮食和运动。故A项“记录你的饮食和锻炼”。故选A。
25．根据后文“Find what just wrks fr yu and stick with it.(找到适合你的方法并坚持下去)”可知，后文提到找到适合自己的方法，可知本句在指出减肥是属于个性化的事情，需要找到适合自己的方法坚持下去，故F选项“减肥并保持体重是一件非常个人化的事情”符合语境，故选F。
（21·22上·信阳·学业考试）Mst Americans speak directly and are nt afraid t say “n”. But we d have ways t be plite-r shw respect fr anther’s feelings. 26
Any questins?
In the case f a teacher asking, “D yu have any questins?” Yu may want t answer this way, “ N, I d nt have any, because yur lessn was very clear.”
Anther answer yu may give is: 27 .This leaves pen the pssibility f asking questins later.
Mre cffee?
On a plane when a flight attendant (乘务员) asks, “D yu need cffee?” yu may hear this answer: “Thanks, I’m fine.”
Nte that the speaker des nt use the wrd “n” but still sends the message that cffee is nt wanted. Anther answer wuld suggest smething else the attendant can bring. 28
Mre difficult situatins
I think that saying “n” may be mre difficult in ther situatins, such as when a friend asks yu fr a favr. 29
Here is an example:
—Ryan, can I brrw yur bicycle tmrrw?
—N, I’m srry, but I need it t g t my jb.
30 we might say we wuld like t accept it t be plite. Lk at this example:
—Ryan, can yu jin us fr dinner Saturday?
—I wish I culd, but I have ther plans.
Here, yu express the idea that yu want t accept the invitatin but yu d nt need t give details (细节) f yur plan.
A．In this case, Americans wuld usually explain why they cannt help.
B．Let us lk at sme plite ways t say“n”
C．Yu may wrry what yu say is annying.
D．Nt nw, but I might have sme later.
E．It is als difficult t say “n” t an invitatin.
F．N, thanks, but I wuld like sme water.
【答案】26．B 27．D 28．F 29．A 30．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述美国人在表达“不”时的礼貌方式。文章介绍了在不同场合下，如何礼貌地婉拒对方的请求或邀请，以及美国人不直接使用“不”的方式，而是通过暗示和委婉的表达来传递信息。
26．根据前文“Mst Americans speak directly and are nt afraid t say “n”. But we d have ways t be plite-r shw respect fr anther’s feelings.(大多数美国人说话直接，不怕说“不”。但我们确实有礼貌的方式，或者尊重他人的感受)”以及后文提出的具体情况可知，大多数美国人说话直接，不怕说“不”，但美国人有其他的有礼貌的方式来表示拒绝。由此可知，B选项“Let us lk at sme plite ways t say “n”(让我们来看看说“不”的一些礼貌的方式)”承上启下，指出一些说“不”的一些礼貌方式，符合语境。故选B。
27．根据前文的“In the case f a teacher asking, “D yu have any questins?” (如果老师问：“你们有什么问题吗？”)”可知，此处指出老师的问题，后文应该是对老师询问的更礼貌的回答。由此可知，D选项“Nt nw, but I might have sme later.(现在没有，但以后可能会有)”承接前文，符合语境，是对老师提问的更礼貌回答。故选D。
28．根据前文中“D yu need cffee?(你需要咖啡吗？)”以及“Anther answer wuld suggest smething else the attendant can bring.(另一个答案是服务员可以带来别的东西。)”可知，此处指出对服务员的询问进行另外的一种礼貌的回答。由此可知，F选项“N, thanks, but I wuld like sme water.(不，谢谢，但我想喝点水)”承接前文，指出不喝咖啡，但是需要一点水，符合语境。故选F。
29．根据前文“I think that saying “n” may be mre difficult in ther situatins, such as when a friend asks yu fr a favr.(我认为在其他情况下说“不”可能更困难，比如当一个朋友请你帮忙的时候)”可知，在当一个朋友请你帮忙的时候，拒绝对方是很困难的，后文应该指出对此情况的说话内容。A选项“In this case, Americans wuld usually explain why they cannt help.(在这种情况下，美国人通常会解释为什么他们不能帮忙)”中的in this case与前文的when a friend asks yu fr a favr形成呼应，指出在当一个朋友请你帮忙的时候，拒绝对方并且解释为什么不能帮助对方，符合语境。故选A。
30．根据后文“we might say we wuld like t accept it t be plite. (出于礼貌，我们可以说我们愿意接受它)”以及后文的内容“Ryan, can yu jin us fr dinner Saturday?(赖安，周六能和我们一起吃晚饭吗？)”可知，此处是以邀请对方吃晚餐为例进行说明在一些情况下拒绝别人很难，同时针对这种情况给出了其他的适当回答。E选项“It is als difficult t say “n” t an invitatin.(对邀请说“不”也很难)”中的invitatin与后文的accept it形成呼应，指出在很多情况下，我们很难拒绝别人的邀请，会选择接受它，E选项符合语境。故选E。
（19·20上·辽宁·开学考试）T help yu understand what 5G is, and what it means t yu, we’ve put tgether a handy guide here.
What is 5G?
31 At its mst basic level, 5G will be used t make calls, send texts, and t simply get nline. But it’s ging t be significantly faster than previus generatins, and culd pen the dr up t a range f exciting new uses.
32
5G will use new higher radi frequencies t send ut data, which are less cluttered(挤了)and carry infrmatin much faster. While these higher bands(频段) are faster, they dn’t carry infrmatin as far. That’s t say, smaller multiple input and utput antennas (天线)will be used—prmting bth signals and capacity(容量). 33
Why is it better than 4G?
5G is expected t be faster than 4G, with sme firms claiming it culd be as much as 100 times quicker. The fastest 4G netwrks can deliver 传输)peak(峰值)dwnlad speeds f arund 300 Mbit/s. 34 In real life, this culd allw yu t dwnlad a full HD film in less than 10 secnds! 35 It means there will be very little—if any—delay when yu carry ut tasks n a device(设备). While this will help imprve things like gaming experiences, it culd als pave(为…铺平道路)the way fr safer self-driving cars—in which even a shrt delay culd be life-saving.
Finally, 5G will have a larger capacity, meaning netwrks will be able t deal with several apps at nce. Generally, this shuld mean that devices have a faster, mre stable cnnectin.
A．Hw des 5G wrk?
B．Hw will 5G affect yu?
C．5G is als expected t have a lwer lag(延迟).
D．5G is shrt fr “5th generatin mbile netwrk.”
E．In cmparisn, 5G culd ffer dwnlad speeds f ver 1 Gb/s.
F．Therefre, the similarity between 5G and 4G technlgy is huge.
G．This means 5G will supprt up t 1,000 mre devices per meter than 4G.
【答案】31．D 32．A 33．G 34．E 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要描述了一个方便的指南告诉读者5G是什么，它对你意味着什么。
31．根据下文“At its mst basic level, 5G will be used t make calls, send texts, and t simply get nline.(在最基本的层面上，5G将用于拨打电话，发送短信以及简单地上网。)”结合小标题“What is 5G?(什么是5G)”可知本段主要内容是5G的概念，与D项“5G is shrt fr “5th generatin mbile netwrk.”(5G是“第五代移动网络”的缩写。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选D项。
32．根据下文“5G will use new higher radi frequencies t send ut data, which are less cluttered(挤了)and carry infrmatin much faster.(5G将使用新的更高无线电频率来发送数据，这些数据不那么混乱，并且传输信息的速度要快得多。)”可知本段内容与5G的工作原理有关，与A项“Hw des 5G wrk?(5G如何运作？)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选A项。
33．根据上文“That’s t say, smaller multiple input and utput antennas (天线)will be used—prmting bth signals and capacity(容量).(也就是说，更小的多输入和输出天线将被应用——提升信号质量和容量。”可知空处内容与这种天线所带来的优势有关，与G项“This means 5G will supprt up t 1,000 mre devices per meter than 4G.(这意味着5G每米将比4G多支持多达1，000个设备。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选G项。
34．根据上文“The fastest 4G netwrks can deliver 传输)peak(峰值)dwnlad speeds f arund 300 Mbit/s.(最快的4G网络可以提供大约300Mbit/s的传输下载速度。)”可知4G速度快，但是5G速度会更快，空处要与4G的网络速度对比来说明5G的网络速度，与E项“In cmparisn, 5G culd ffer dwnlad speeds f ver 1 Gb/s.(相比之下，5G可以提供超过1Gb/s的下载速度)”上下文一致，故选E项。
35．根据下文“It means there will be very little—if any—delay when yu carry ut tasks n a device(设备).(这意味着当您在设备上执行任务时，几乎没有延迟。)”可知当你在设备上执行任务时，即使有延迟，也会非常小，空处与下文为解释说明关系，来说明5G有较低的延迟性，与C项“5G is als expected t have a lwer lag(延迟).(预计5G也将具有降低的延迟)”上下文一致，lwer lag与delay为前后呼应，故选C项。
（22·23上·安徽·期中）Time t make lemnade ut f life’s lemns
When yu have an unexpected lckdwn staring at yu, take it ne day at a time. Instead f getting bgged dwn by the thught, take each f thse days as an pprtunity t build new skills, explre hbbies and d things yu’ve always wanted t. 36 .
1. Give yur huse a makever
37 ? With a lckdwn in full prgress, this may be a gd time t give yur hme a fresh new lk. Change the curtains, mve yur tables, chairs and sfas arund the huse t try ut new cmbinatins. Besides burning gd calries, this activity culd help yu hit the reset buttn and let yu escape the bredm f same-ld.
2 38 There are at least half a dzen peple, at any given pint f time that yu need t call back. An elderly aunt, that slightly tuchy friend, r yur frmer clleague — yu really meant t call them back, but ... yu knw hw it is. This is a gd time t find ut hw yur friends and family are ding. Spread the warmth and stay bnded.
3. Find the bkwrm in yu
This is a n-brainer t be hnest. Besides being a great entertainer, this can be a great use f yur me-time, simply because yu will enhance yur knwledge f peple, sciety, histry and culture. 39 .
4. Try digital husekeeping
Yur hme may be tidy and in rder, but yur digital life is a mess: phts all ut f place, the music frm gd-knws-when, ld text files that need t be cleaned up. 40 . Mst imprtantly, yu need t change yur passwrds and keep them safe.
A．Be a scial butterfly — n the phne
B．Here is a list f ideas fr yu t explre
C．Als, research suggests that reading keeps yu smarter
D．Used t the cmmn setting f yur rutine wrkplace
E．Therefre, yu are suppsed t finish the fllwing things
F．Nt t mentin a system backup and an update f yur perating system
G．Tired f seeing the same ld seating/dining arrangements, day in, day ut
【答案】36．B 37．G 38．A 39．C 40．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要向读者推荐一些疫情期间被封在家里时可以做的事情。
36．根据上文“When yu have an unexpected lckdwn staring at yu, take it ne day at a time. Instead f getting bgged dwn by the thught, take each f thse days as an pprtunity t build new skills, explre hbbies and d things yu’ve always wanted t. ”（当你被一种意想不到的封锁盯着时，慢慢来。不要被这些想法所困，把每一天都当作一个机会，去学习新技能，探索爱好，做你一直想做的事情。）提到了当你被封锁的时候，可以利用这个封锁的机会，学习新技能，探索爱好，做你一直想做的事情。同时结合下文提到的具体的方法，可知，空处应承上启下，引出下文的建议。选项B.“以下是一个想法列表供你探索。”符合题意，故选B。
37．根据下文“With a lckdwn in full prgress, this may be a gd time t give yur hme a fresh new lk.”（在全面封锁的情况下，这可能是一个让你的家焕然一新的好时机。）可知，封锁会提供给你一个改善家里陈设的机会，让其面目一新。因此可推知，空处提到的问题应是对家里的陈设是否已经厌倦了。选项G.“厌倦了日复一日地看到同样的座位/用餐安排”，讲述了厌倦了日复一日不变的家庭陈设，符合题意，故选G。
38．根据下文“This is a gd time t find ut hw yur friends and family are ding. Spread the warmth and stay bnded.”（这是了解你的朋友和家人过得怎么样的好时机。传递温暖，保持联系。）可知，本段主要讲述要和朋友、家人保持联系，进而利用这种联系向他们传递温暖。因此，标题应提及联系的方式。选项A.“做一个交际花——在电话上”，提到了通过电话可以和朋友、家人获得联系，符合题意，故选A。
39．根据上文“This is a n-brainer t be hnest. Besides being a great entertainer, this can be a great use f yur me-time, simply because yu will enhance yur knwledge f peple, sciety, histry and culture.”（老实说，这是显而易见的。除了成为一个伟大的艺人，这也可以很好地利用你的自我时间，因为你可以增强你对人、社会、历史和文化的知识。）和本段标题，可知本段主要讲述阅读的好处，所以空处应承接上文，讲述阅读带来的好处。选项C.“此外，研究表明阅读能让你更聪明。”表明了阅读会让你更聪明。符合题意，故选C。
40．本段标题“Try digital husekeeping”（尝试数字化家政服务）同时根据上文“Yur hme may be tidy and in rder, but yur digital life is a mess: phts all ut f place, the music frm gd-knws-when, ld text files that need t be cleaned up. ”（你的家可能整洁有序，但你的数字生活却是一团糟：照片到处乱放，音乐不知从何时开始，旧文本文件需要清理。）讲述了家庭中缺少数字化存在的问题，所以空处应承接前文，讲述问题的其它情形。选项F.“更不用说系统备份和操作系统更新了。”可知，数据上要进行整理和更新，承上启下，符合题意，故选F。
（22·23上·南京·模拟预测）The Sptlight Effect
Have yu ever felt as if the entire wrld was watching while yu made a mistake? Well, here’s sme gd news: it’s likely that n ne even nticed.
41 We have this experience nt nly when we make mistakes but als when we perfrm well. Every time we d smething that is a little different frm what we usually d, we may assume that everyne arund us will ntice. The sptlight effect might happen when we make a mistake in a game, have a bad hair day, r give a terrible answer in class. 42 In these mments, it feels like everyne is watching.
The sptlight effect exists because we all get used t seeing things thrugh ur wn eyes. Every persn is the main character in his r her stry, and the events f ur lives seem t have great imprtance. 43
The sptlight effect is a very cmmn part f the human experience. Hwever, in sme cases, it can lead t extreme scial anxiety and nervusness arund ther peple. Everyne suffers sme degree f scial anxiety. We all care abut what thers think, and we all want t be liked. It’s nrmal t wnder abut what effect we have n ther peple. 44 If smene is s nervus that they can’t make gd decisins, then it’s time t take actin and imprve the situatin.
Learning abut the sptlight effect is imprtant because it can help us reduce ur anxiety. Next time yu feel like everyne is staring at yu, remind yurself that it’s just yur mind playing tricks n yu. 45 If yu fill yur mind with thughts f yur friends and family, it will help yu be less self-cnscius.
A．Hwever, this can be a prblem when the anxiety is t much t handle.
B．That’s why fewer peple ntice the embarrassing circumstances they encunter.
C．Anther gd exercise is t make an effrt t ntice the peple arund yu, rather than fcusing n yurself.
D．The sptlight effect is a trick f the mind that makes us believe that peple ntice us mre ften than they really d.
E．What yu can d at this mment is t ignre them.
F．We are s busy examining urselves that we actually bserve very little abut everyne arund us.
G．It can als appear when we scre a big gal, ask smene n a date, r d a gd deed.
【答案】41．D 42．G 43．F 44．A 45．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了聚光灯效应的概念、成因和作用。
41．由标题“The Sptlight Effect (聚光灯效应)”，第一段“Have yu ever felt as if the entire wrld was watching while yu made a mistake? Well, here’s sme gd news: it’s likely that n ne even nticed. (当你犯错误时，你有没有觉得整个世界都在注视着你？好吧，这里有一些好消息：很可能没有人注意到)”和下文“We have this experience nt nly when we make mistakes but als when we perfrm well. Every time we d smething that is a little different frm what we usually d, we may assume that everyne arund us will ntice. (我们不仅在犯错时，而且在表现出色时都有这种经历。每次我们做一些与平时稍有不同的事情时，我们都会认为周围的人都会注意到)”可知，上下文讲聚光灯效应出现的场合，当人们出错时，人们总觉得会被周围的许多人注意到，但事实真相是：很可能没有人注意到你的行为，说明聚光灯效应只是一种心理作用，是人们自己认为会被注意到的一种现象，可得出D选项“聚光灯效应是一种大脑欺骗我们的手段，让我们误以为别人注意到我们的次数比实际情况更多。”切题，呼应最后一段“Next time yu feel like everyne is staring at yu, remind yurself that it’s just yur mind playing tricks n yu. (下次当你觉得每个人都盯着你看的时候，提醒自己这只是你的大脑在捉弄你)”。故选D项。
42．G选项“当我们取得一个大的目标，约某人约会或做一件好事时，它也会出现。”承接上文“The sptlight effect might happen when we make a mistake in a game, have a bad hair day, r give a terrible answer in class. (聚光灯效应可能发生在我们在比赛中犯错、头发糟糕或在课堂上给出糟糕的答案时)”讲聚光灯效应出现场合的具体事例。故选G项。
43．由上文“Every persn is the main character in his r her stry, and the events f ur lives seem t have great imprtance. (每个人都是他或她的故事中的主角，我们生活中的事件似乎很重要)”可知，人们很关注自己和自己身上发生的事情，该空与上文是因果关系，F选项“我们忙于审视自己，实际上很少观察周围的人。”承接上文讲因为人们更多得关注自己，所以很少注意周围的人。故选F项。
44．A选项“然而，当焦虑太多而无法处理时，这可能是一个问题。”与上文“Everyne suffers sme degree f scial anxiety. We all care abut what thers think, and we all want t be liked. It’s nrmal t wnder abut what effect we have n ther peple. (每个人都有一定程度的社交焦虑。我们都关心别人的想法，我们都想被人喜欢。想知道我们对其他人有什么影响是正常的)”讲“拥有一定程度的社交焦虑是正常现象”形成转折，引出焦虑太多会成问题的事实，衔接下文“If smene is s nervus that they can’t make gd decisins, then it’s time t take actin and imprve the situatin. (如果有人过于紧张，无法做出正确的决定，那么是时候采取行动改善这种情况了)”讲针对这种情况要采取措施的内容。故选A项。
45．C选项“另一个好的练习是努力去注意你周围的人，而不是专注于你自己。”承接上文“Next time yu feel like everyne is staring at yu, remind yurself that it’s just yur mind playing tricks n yu. (下次当你觉得每个人都盯着你看的时候，提醒自己这只是你的大脑在捉弄你)”讲克服聚光灯效应的具体策略。故选C项。
（22·23下·河北·学业考试）Nw that yu knw hw t build gd habits, let’s take a lk sme tip fr yu t maintain yur new behavir.
Make it part f yur schedule. It can be easy fr new psitive habits t fall by the wayside when yu dn’t d them regularly. When we have a lt n ur plate, life can get in the way f habit building. 46 Use time management techniques t effectively manage yur time and yur habits.
47 Surrund yurself with like -minded peple wh have similar gals t yu. Why? Because as humans, we are greatly influenced by what thers arund us are ding r feeling. Being arund a psitive grup f peple wh share similar gals and interests can help yu maintain yu habit greatly.
Use reminders. T help maintain yur habit, set reminders fr yurself. Fr example, set up reminders n yur phne r dwnlad ne f the many habit tacking apps available. 48 It makes yu mre mtivated (积极的) t stay n track and maintain it.
Practice self-cmpassin (同情). 49 .But maintaining it can even be mre difficult. Putting t much pressure n yurself t maintain yur habit can be cunterprductive(适得其反). Instead, avid being t hard n yurself by prating self-cmpassin. Remind yurself that habit frmatin is just the beginning f a jurney. 50 Dn’t beat yurself up and fcus n what future actins yu can take.
A．Building a habit is difficult.
B．Make sure t keep gd habits.
C．Create a supprtive envirnment.
D．And failure is a natural part f the jurney.
E．Make yur new habits part f yur schedule t avid this.
F．Yu may have frmed a habit f ging fr a num in the mrning.
G．Yu can als set reminders abut the reasns fr frming the new habit.
【答案】46．E 47．C 48．G 49．A 50．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些保持新习惯的建议。
46．根据本段标题“Make it part f yur schedule. (让它成为你日程的一部分。)”可知，本段强调的是让新的习惯成为你生活日程的一部分。同时根据前文“When we have a lt n ur plate, life can get in the way f habit building.(当我们有很多事情要做时，生活就会阻碍习惯的养成。)”可知，在我们生活中有很多事情要做时，生活会阻碍习惯的养成。后文应该强调避免此类情况的发生。E选项“Make yur new habits part f yur schedule t avid this.(让你的新习惯成为你计划的一部分来避免这种情况。)”中的this指代的是前文“当我们有很多事情要做时，生活就会阻碍习惯的养成。”的事实，符合句意。故选E。
47．根据后文“Surrund yurself with like -minded peple wh have similar gals t yu.(让你身边围绕着志同道合、目标相似的人。)”以及“Being arund a psitive grup f peple wh share similar gals and interests can help yu maintain yu habit greatly.(和一群有着相似目标和兴趣的积极的人在一起可以极大地帮助你保持你的习惯。)”可知，本段强调的是让自己周围围绕着一些志同道合的人以及积极向上的人能够帮助你保持习惯。强调营造积极环境的重要性。C选项“Create a supprtive envirnment.(创造一个支持性的环境。)”符合本段段旨。故选C。
48．根据前文“Fr example, set up reminders n yur phne r dwnlad ne f the many habit tacking apps available.(为了保持你的习惯，为自己设置提醒。例如，在手机上设置提醒，或者下载一个可用的习惯跟踪应用程序。)”可知，可以使用提醒的方式让保持新形成的习惯。G选项“Yu can als set reminders abut the reasns fr frming the new habit.(你也可以设置提醒关于自己养成新习惯的原因。)”承接前文，针对新形成的习惯可以设置提醒。故选G。
49．根据后文“But maintaining it can even be mre difficult.(但是维持它甚至更加困难。)”可知，维持形成的习惯可能是更困难的即在形成习惯的基础上维持形成的习惯是更难的。A选项“Building a habit is difficult.(养成一种习惯是困难的。)”引起下文，与空后的it形成呼应关系。故选A。
50．根据前文“Remind yurself that habit frmatin is just the beginning f a jurney.(提醒自己，习惯的形成只是旅程的开始。)”可知，后文应该指出在旅程中还有其他事情的发生。D选项“And failure is a natural part f the jurney.(失败是人生旅途中很自然的一部分。)”承接前文的“旅途”，形成呼应。同时后文的“Dn't beat yurself up. and fcus n what future actins yu can take.(不要自责。专注于你未来能采取的行动。)”可知，针对当前的失败不要自责，D选项符合语境。故选D。
When yur best friends are upset, sad, r disappinted, all yu want t d is lift their spirits. Here are sme easy ways t cheer them up.
Help yur friend clean their rm.
Being surrunded by a mess desn’t d much fr yur mental state. 1 Helping yur friend straighten up their rm gives yu smething prductive t d tgether. Plus, when they’re n their wn, they can relax in a clean, peaceful space.
Encurage them t talk it ut.
Talking is effective. Teenagers usually want smene t talk t when they are stressed. 2 If they aren’t interested in talking, invite them t d an activity with yu and they will likely start talking.
Practice gratitude.
Thinking abut and fcusing n the gd things in yur life can d wnders fr lifting yur spirits. Help yur friend turn their attentin t thse things. 3
4
Staying active can help get depressin (抑郁) away. Invite the persn t jin yu in a dance class r anything else they may have mentined befre that they wanted t try ut but never have. Fun time with friends is surely helpful.
D an aimless act f kindness tgether.
5 S g ut, d things, even small things (e.g., pening a dr fr smene, paying fr smene’s drink, smiling at and greeting a stranger. etc.), fr thers and see hw yur day changes.
A．Try new things tgether.
B．Plan fr yur future tgether.
C．Just be there fr them and listen t them.
D．Tgether, yu can each list all the things yu’re grateful fr.
E．Science has shwn just being in nature naturally imprves ne’s md.
F．Meanwhile, having a tidy space can help yu feel mre in cntrl and calmer.
G．Oftentimes when we d things fr ther peple, we are the nes that benefit.
【答案】1．F 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了帮助心情不好的好朋友振奋精神的一些方法。
1．前文“Being surrunded by a mess desn’t d much fr yur mental state. (被一团乱麻包围对你的精神状态没有多大帮助)”说明混乱对精神状态无益，后文“Helping yur friend straighten up their rm gives yu smething prductive t d tgether. (帮助你的朋友整理他们的房间可以让你们一起做一些富有成效的事情)”建议和朋友整理他们的房间，因此F项“Meanwhile, having a tidy space can help yu feel mre in cntrl and calmer. (另一方面，拥有一个整洁的空间可以帮助你感觉更有掌控力和平静)”符合语境，说明整洁的空间对精神状态有益，和前文形成对照，引出后文的建议。故选F。
2．前文“Talking is effective. Teenagers usually want smene t talk t when they are stressed. (交谈是有效的。当青少年感到压力时，他们通常想找人倾诉)”说明交谈的必要性，因此C项“Just be there fr them and listen t them. (陪在他们身边，倾听他们的心声)”符合语境，建议去倾听，承接前文，其中的listen t和前文的talk t呼应。故选C。
3．前文“Thinking abut and fcusing n the gd things in yur life can d wnders fr lifting yur spirits. Help yur friend turn their attentin t thse things. (思考并专注于生活中的美好事物，对提升你的精神有神奇的作用。帮助你的朋友把他们的注意力转移到这些事情上)”建议帮助朋友专注于美好事物，因此D项“Tgether, yu can each list all the things yu’re grateful fr. (你们可以一起列出所有值得感激的事情)”符合语境，具体说明可以列出值得感激的事情，承接前文，且其中的grateful和本段标题中的gratitude呼应。故选D。
4．空处是段落标题，需统领段落内容，且需和其他段落标题一样使用祈使句的形式。后文“Staying active can help get depressin (抑郁) away. Invite the persn t jin yu in a dance class r anything else they may have mentined befre that they wanted t try ut but never have. (保持活跃可以帮助你远离抑郁。邀请那个人加入你的舞蹈课，或者其他他们之前提到过但从未尝试过的活动)”主要建议去尝试一些新的活动，因此A项“Try new things tgether. (一起尝试新事物)”符合语境，契合段落内容。故选A。
5．空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。后文“S g ut, d things, even small things (e.g., pening a dr fr smene, paying fr smene’s drink, smiling at and greeting a stranger. etc.), fr thers and see hw yur day changes. (所以走出去，为别人做一些事情，即使是很小的事情（例如，为别人开门，为别人的饮料买单，对陌生人微笑和打招呼等等），看看你的一天是如何变化的)”建议去为他人做一些善事，因此G项“Oftentimes when we d things fr ther peple, we are the nes that benefit. (通常，当我们为别人做事时，我们是受益的人)”符合语境，说明做善事的好处，引出后文内容。故选G。
Online shpping has increased ver the past few years. Online businessmen are attracting custmers with creative designs, discunts (折扣) sales, and much mre. Peple lve drstep delivery prducts. Custmers are nt ften visiting physical shps nwadays. 6 . This article will guide yu n hw t shp and save when buying nline.
Make high-value shpping. 7 . Fr example, if yur rder is $5,000, yu will receive heavy discunts. It depends n the cmpany wisdm. They fllw a regulatin: The mre yu spend, the mre discunts yu can receive.
Shp n public hlidays. Public hlidays can bring unbelievable discunts. The famus Black Friday sale ffers fantastic discunts. Keep a cnstant check n public hlidays and shpping websites fr discunts. On public hlidays, yu will receive their discunt ffers. 8 .
Create a shpping list. Create a shpping list first. A shpping list is a must befre buying things nline, which is ne f the best tips t shp and save. Shpping websites are ffering cuntless gds. Thusands f prducts are available. Yu can’t check them ver time and again, searching fr discunts under each prduct. 9 . Advance decisins save yu time, and custmers quickly earn discunts.
10 Many shpping websites let yu play games and earn rewards. Reward prgrams are nt just games but specific prcedures (过程) fr making reward pints. Cmplete nline surveys, game levels, feedback, ratings, watch vides and brwse catalgs t exchange gift cards r discunts. This prcess will nt take much time.
A．Chse reward prgrams
B．They can chse items nline
C．Buy sme items with yur friends
D．Create an item list yu’ll buy frm nline t avid such truble
E．Spring Festival is a gd time fr custmers t g shpping nline
F．Fr instance, Amazn ffers special deals n bks fr bk-lvers n Easter
G．Sme tp e-cmmerce websites ffer discunts when yu buy expensive items
【答案】6．B 7．G 8．F 9．D 10．A
【导语】本文为说明文。文章介绍了网络购物时选择折扣商品的方法。
6．根据上文“Custmers are nt ften visiting physical shps nwadays. (如今，顾客不太光顾实体商店)”可知，本句与上文形成因果关系，且引出下文的网络购物的话题，故B选项“他们可以在网上选择商品”符合语境，故选B。
7．根据上文“Make high-value shpping.(进行高价值购物)”以及后文“Fr example, if yur rder is $5,000, yu will receive heavy discunts. It depends n the cmpany wisdm. They fllw a regulatin: The mre yu spend, the mre discunts yu can receive.(例如，如果您的订单是5000美元，您将获得大量折扣。这取决于公司的智慧。他们遵循一个规则：你花得越多，你得到的折扣就越多)”可知，本句呼应该段主题“进行高价值的购物”，G选项中“expensive items”与“high-value”构成同义反复，故G选项“一些顶级电子商务网站在你购买昂贵物品时提供折扣”符合语境，故选G。
8．根据上文“Shp n public hlidays. Public hlidays can bring unbelievable discunts. The famus Black Friday sale ffers fantastic discunts. Keep a cnstant check n public hlidays and shpping websites fr discunts. On public hlidays, yu will receive their discunt ffers.(在公众假期购物。公共假期可以带来令人难以置信的折扣。著名的黑色星期五大减价，折扣很大。经常查看公共假期和购物网站上的折扣信息。在公众假期，你会收到他们的折扣优惠)”可知，本句是对上文进行举例说明，“特价”即指“折扣”，“复活节”是“公共假日”之一，故F选项“例如，亚马逊在复活节为图书爱好者提供图书特价”符合语境，故选F。
9．根据上文“Thusands f prducts are available. Yu can’t check them ver time and again, searching fr discunts under each prduct.(成千上万的产品可供选择。你不能一次又一次地查看它们，在每个产品下搜索折扣)”可知，本句给出上文问题的解决方案：创建一份你打算从网上购买的物品清单，以避免此类麻烦，D选项中“such truble”即指“检查与搜索折扣”，故D选项“创建一份你打算从网上购买的物品清单，以避免此类麻烦”符合语境，故选D。
10．根据后文“Many shpping websites let yu play games and earn rewards. Reward prgrams are nt just games but specific prcedures (过程) fr making reward pints. Cmplete nline surveys, game levels, feedback, ratings, watch vides and brwse catalgs t exchange gift cards r discunts. This prcess will nt take much time.(许多购物网站让你玩游戏并获得奖励。奖励计划不仅仅是游戏，而是获得奖励积分的特定程序。完成在线调查，游戏水平，反馈，评级，观看视频和浏览目录交换礼品卡或折扣。这个过程不会花太多时间)”可知，该句与上文每段的首句同为祈使句，且该段中出现了“奖励项目”，构成同词再现，故A选项“选择奖励项目”符合语境，故选A。
High-hpe peple are ptimistic abut their future and they believe in pssibilities. They see challenges as pprtunities t grw and learn, rather than as bstacles (障碍). Here’s a tip sheet t get yu int the habit f hpe.
Gal-setting is as imprtant as the actin yu take tward achieving yur gals. 11 They knw that withut a clear gal, it’s easy t get distracted and lse fcus. Meanwhile, they dn’t let life happen t them. Instead, they actively make decisins and take actin t mve frward in their lives. They usually visualize their gals and create cnditins that set them up fr success.
Being arund psitive peple is ne way t keep an ptimistic mind. Hpeful peple tend t spend mre time assciating with thse wh share a bright attitude. 12 Peple high in hpe dn’t blck themselves frm flks wh have a mre pessimistic viewpint. They knw that seeing different perspectives allws them t be realistic.
Hpeful peple are always grateful fr what they have. 13 They recgnize that even thugh they may nt have everything they want, they’re still lucky t have s much gd in life, thus making them fcus mre n what’s in frnt f them.
14 When it cmes t high-hpe peple, n matter what life thrws at them, they try t see the silver lining. They dn’t let the circumstance define their emtinal respnse. In additin t having a psitive utlk, high-hpe peple are als creative prblem-slvers. When faced with a challenge, they dn’t give up easily. 15
A．Peple high in hpe d bth.
B．Keeping a psitive utlk is als imprtant.
C．Anther trick is sticking with psitive peple.
D．This allws them t stay psitive and take urgent actin.
E．That keeps them appreciative and grunded in the mment.
F．Instead, they find slutins that help them vercme the bstacles in their way.
G．Hwever, this desn’t mean they are intlerant f anther persn’s negativity r struggles.
【答案】11．A 12．G 13．E 14．B 15．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了养成心怀希望的习惯的几点建议。
11．根据上文的“Gal-setting is as imprtant as the actin yu take tward achieving yur gals. (设定目标和你为实现目标所采取的行动一样重要。)”和下文的“They knw that withut a clear gal, it’s easy t get distracted and lse fcus. (他们知道，没有清晰的目标，就很容易分心和失去专注力。)”可知，作者建议要设定目标和为实现目标采取行动要两不误，A项“Peple high in hpe d bth.(心怀希望的人们这两点都会做到)”，下文中They指代选项中Peple high in hpe，承上启下，符合语境。故选 A项。
12．根据上文的“Hpeful peple tend t spend mre time assciating with thse wh share a bright attitude. (充满希望的人往往会和态度积极的人交往更多。)”可知，G项“Hwever, this desn’t mean they are intlerant f anther persn’s negativity r struggles.(然而，这并不意味着充满希望的人不包容他人的消极和挣扎。)”与上文构成转折关系，引出下文“Peple high in hpe dn’t blck themselves frm flks wh have a mre pessimistic viewpint.(满怀希望的人不会阻挡自己接触那些观点更悲观的人。)”讲满怀希望的人会与那些观点更悲观的人，包容消极和挣扎，符合语境。故选 G项。
13．根据空前的“Hpeful peple are always grateful fr what they have. (充满希望的人会感激自己所拥有的一切。)”可知，E项“That keeps them appreciative and grunded in the mment. (那会使得他们心存感激并立足当下。)”可承接上文，且与本段的关键词“感激”一致。故选E项。
14．根据空白处下文“When it cmes t high-hpe peple, n matter what life thrws at them, they try t see the silver lining. They dn’t let the circumstance define their emtinal respnse.(当谈到满怀希望的人时，无论生活给他们带来什么，他们都会努力看到一线希望。他们不会让环境决定他们的情绪反应)”可知，此处上下文说的是要保持积极的心态，与B项“Keeping a psitive utlk is als imprtant. (保持积极的心态也很重要。)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。
15．根据空前的“When faced with a challenge, they dn’t give up easily. (心怀希望的人们面对挑战不会轻易放弃。)”可知，F项“Instead, they find slutins that help them vercme the bstacles in their way. (相反，他们会寻找能够帮助他们克服前进道路上的障碍的解决方法。)”和上文构成转折关系，讲心怀希望的人们面对挑战时，不轻言放弃，会努力想到解决方法，符合语境，故选 F项。
Sme peple lve travelling while sme prefer t stay at hme. If yu dn’t lve travelling, yu can make a change nw. Why? 16 Please read n t knw mre.
Travelling takes yu ut f yur cmfrt zne. Yur cmfrt zne is cmfrting. 17 When yu step int new surrundings, yu will learn abut the wrld arund yu. Travelling alne is a great ptin. Sme peple might fear being n their wn, but it can really help them grw.
18 Are yu afraid f water? If yu are, g t the beach r a lake. Are yu afraid f talking t strangers? If s, g t a new place and talk with peple yu have never seen. Remember, fear can be vercme.
Travelling is a gd way t expand yur mind. It gets yu ut f a rutine and makes yu use yur brain, yur ears and yur eyes. While travelling, there are a lt f things that have t be taken in: new sights, new flavurs, new nises, etc. 19
Have yu ever thught abut travelling abrad as a vlunteer? Yu can benefit a lt frm this kind f trip. 20 Smetimes, yu can even get all f yur meals and accmmdatin fr free. Vlunteer turism is becming mre and mre ppular. There are many ways t make a difference and benefit yu at the same time.
A．Because yu can really benefit a lt frm travelling.
B．All f them require yur cmplete attentin.
C．It is nt as expensive as yu might expect.
D．This kind f trip is really ppular with peple.
E．Travelling can help yu remve yur fears.
F．Yu are expsed t many new things.
G．But it desn’t always give yu the pprtunity t grw.
【答案】16．A 17．G 18．E 19．B 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了旅行的好处。
16．上文“If yu dn’t lve travelling, yu can make a change nw. Why?(如果你不喜欢旅行，现在就可以做出改变。为什么?)”提出问题：为什么要去旅行？A项“Because yu can really benefit a lt frm travelling.(因为你可以从旅行中获益良多。)”给出答案，because专用于回答由why提出的问题。故选A项。
17．上文“Yur cmfrt zne is cmfrting.(你的舒适区是令人舒适的。)”提出呆在舒适区很安逸，G项“But it desn’t always give yu the pprtunity t grw.(但这并不总是给你成长的机会。)”与上文构成转折关系，说明我们不能呆在自己的舒适区的原因，与本段主题“Travelling takes yu ut f yur cmfrt zne.(旅行把你带出你的舒适区。)”一致。故选G项。
18．设空句是段首小标题。根据下文“Are yu afraid f water? If yu are, g t the beach r a lake. Are yu afraid f talking t strangers? If s, g t a new place and talk with peple yu have never seen. Remember, fear can be vercme.(你怕水吗?如果是的话，去海滩或湖边。你害怕和陌生人说话吗?如果是这样，去一个新的地方，和你从未见过的人交谈。记住，恐惧是可以克服的。)”可知，本段主要讲通过旅行来克服恐惧。E项“Travelling can help yu remve yur fears.(旅行可以帮助你消除恐惧。)”是最佳小标题。故选E项。
19．上文“It gets yu ut f a rutine and makes yu use yur brain, yur ears and yur eyes. While travelling, there are a lt f things that have t be taken in: new sights, new flavurs, new nises, etc.(它能让你摆脱常规，让你动动脑子、动动耳朵和动动眼睛。在旅行的时候，有很多事情要接受：新的风景，新的味道，新的声音，等等。)”提出旅行可以让你多感觉官，全身心参与其中，B项“All f them require yur cmplete attentin.(所有这些都需要你全神贯注。)”总结上文，句中“All f them”与上文“new sights, new flavurs, new nises, etc.”相照应。故选B项。
20．根据上文“Have yu ever thught abut travelling abrad as a vlunteer? Yu can benefit a lt frm this kind f trip.(你想过出国做志愿者吗?你可以从这种旅行中获益良多。)”提出出国志愿者旅行有很多好处。C项“It is nt as expensive as yu might expect.(它不像你想象的那么贵。)”明确指出其好处之一：不贵。下文“Smetimes, yu can even get all f yur meals and accmmdatin fr free.(有时候，你甚至可以免费得到所有的食宿。)”进一步提出得到免费食宿的可能，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
The fundatin f any happy relatinship is gd cmmunicatin. It deepens the bnd between partners by training understanding and trust. Hwever, develping this skill requires bth wrk and a readiness t be pen with ne anther. 21
Develp active listening. 22 Giving yur full attentin t yur partner and keeping eye cntact are examples f active listening. Avid asking questins r respnding befre they have cmpleted speaking. T create a secure envirnment fr real discussin, demnstrate empathy (共情) and understand their feelings.
23 Cmmunicatin is mre than just the wrds that yu speak. Gd cmmunicatin takes place in bdy language, facial expressins, and the tne f vice. When talking abut delicate subjects, be pen-minded and cnvey yur feelings with a respectful tne f vice.
Practice empathy and understanding. Empathy and understanding can g a lng way in creating gd cmmunicatin. 24 Empathy allws yu t cnnect n a deeper level and creates an atmsphere f each ther’s supprt. Engage with yur partner withut judgment and try t put yurself in their shes.
Schedule regular cnversatins. Make time fr regular cnversatins t talk abut yur relatinship’s status. 25 They are als a chance t recgnize each ther’s accmplishments as well as strengthen yur emtinal bnd.
Relatinship cmmunicatin can be imprved with wrk. Learning hw t speak with empathy can help yu build a slid fundatin f trust and understanding. Stay cmmitted t the jurney f pen cmmunicatin, and yu will find that yur bnd will grw strnger and deeper ver time.
A．Pay attentin t nn-verbal cmmunicatin.
B．Try t respect the ther in yur cmmunicatin.
C．In fact, a key part f gd cmmunicatin is listening.
D．These purpseful discussins ffer a chance t address yur issues.
E．While cmmunicating, make sure that yu understand every wrd the ther said.
F．Seek t understand yur partner’s viewpint and emtins, even when yu disagree.
G．Here are sme tips t help cmmunicate mre effectively and strengthen yur relatinship.
【答案】21．G 22．C 23．A 24．F 25．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲明了为了建立幸福关系，帮助有效沟通，提供了一些建议。
21．上文“The fundatin f any happy relatinship is gd cmmunicatin. It deepens the bnd between partners by training understanding and trust. Hwever, develping this skill requires bth wrk and a readiness t be pen with ne anther. (任何幸福关系的基础都是良好的沟通。它通过训练理解和信任来加深伴侣之间的联系。然而，发展这种技能既需要努力，也需要准备好彼此敞开心扉。)”说明幸福关系的基础是良好的沟通，而沟通需要技巧，选项G“这里有一些建议可以帮助你更有效地沟通，加强你们的关系。”承接上文，点明本文主题：为了建立幸福关系，帮助有效沟通，提供一些建议，引出下列各段内容。故选G项。
22．上文主题句“Develp active listening. (培养积极倾听的能力。)”说明本段建议积极倾听，选项C“事实上，良好沟通的一个关键部分是倾听。”承接上文，强调良好的沟通关键是倾听。选项中listening和上文词汇重叠，语义一致，故选C项。
23．下文“Cmmunicatin is mre than just the wrds that yu speak. Gd cmmunicatin takes place in bdy language, facial expressins, and the tne f vice. (交流不仅仅是你说的话。良好的沟通发生在肢体语言、面部表情和语调中。)”说明良好的沟通需要肢体语言等非语言的交流，选项A“注意非语言交流。”引领下文，点明本段主题。故选A项。
24．上文“Empathy and understanding can g a lng way in creating gd cmmunicatin. (同理心和理解对于建立良好的沟通大有帮助。)”及下文“Engage with yur partner withut judgment and try t put yurself in their shes. (与你的伴侣交流时不要妄加评判，试着设身处地地为他们着想。)”说明要有同理心并且理解对方，设身处地为他们着想，选项F“试着去理解你伴侣的观点和情感，即使你不同意。”承上启下，说明了即使不同意，也要理解对方的观点和情感。语义一致，故选F项。
25．上文“Make time fr regular cnversatins t talk abut yur relatinship’s status. (抽时间定期交谈，谈谈你们的关系状况。)”建议要抽时间沟通关系状况，选项D“这些有目的的讨论提供了一个解决你的问题的机会。”承接上文，说明这些沟通能提供解决问题的机会，下文“They are als a chance t recgnize each ther’s accmplishments as well as strengthen yur emtinal bnd. (这也是一个认识彼此成就的机会，同时也加强了你们的情感纽带。)”提出这些沟通的另一个作用，与之并列。故选D项。
Many families are struggling t make ends meet, while pensiners are the biggest grup in Britain n the edge f pverty. 26 . Finding ways t put sme mney aside guarantees yu dn’t need t struggle t survive.
Take a lk at yur spending. 27 . T many peple keep paying their bills and spending mney withut knwing exactly where it is ging. Lk at yur bank statements and see hw much mney yu are spending each mnth n things such as electricity, fd, entertainment and debt repayments.
Find better deals. Nw that yu knw where yur mney is ging, yu can see if there are better deals available fr yu. Perhaps yu are currently paying t much n yur car r health insurance. 28 . Yu definitely need t check yur insurance deals, as well as yur energy deals. Chances are that yu’ll be able t save mney by switching t a new deal, especially if yu’ve never dne it befre.
29 . A number f mney-saving tips require yu t change yur habits. Seemingly inncuus things like washing yur dishes using a bwl, r using an energy-saving mde n the dishwasher, can save quite a lt during the year. Yu culd even save a lt f mney by turning dwn yur heating by just ne degree.
Keep an inventry (存货清单). Whether yu are ging fr grcery shpping r lking fr new winter shes, knwing what yu already have will guarantee yu wn’t end up spending mney n things yu dn’t even need. Saving mney is easier when yu have an inventry f the things yu already wn. 30 .
A．Becme gd at saving energy
B．Knw abut the ways t get energy
C．It is time t take back the cntrl f yur finances
D．Here are sme great energy-saving tips fr saving mney
E．The first step is t understand where yur mney is ging
F．Or at least knw exactly what yu’ve gt and where everything is
G．Sme price cmparisn websites can ensure yu get the best deal pssible
【答案】26．C 27．E 28．G 29．A 30．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日常生活中节省开支的一些方法。
26．前文“Many families are struggling t make ends meet, while pensiners are the biggest grup in Britain n the edge f pverty. (许多家庭都在努力维持生计，而养老金领取者是英国最大的处于贫困边缘的群体)”引出人们在财务上有困难的话题，后文“Finding ways t put sme mney aside guarantees yu dn’t need t struggle t survive. (想办法存一些钱，保证你不需要为生存而挣扎)”建议存钱，因此C项“It is time t take back the cntrl f yur finances (是时候重新掌控你的财务了)”符合语境，提出重新掌控财务，起到过渡的作用，其中的finances与后文的mney呼应。故选C。
27．前文“Take a lk at yur spending. (看看你的开支)”建议关注开支，后文“T many peple keep paying their bills and spending mney withut knwing exactly where it is ging. (太多的人一直在付账单，花钱却不知道钱到底花到哪里去了)”指出人们不知道钱的去向的问题，因此E项“The first step is t understand where yur mney is ging (第一步是了解你的钱都花到哪里去了)”符合语境，提出关注钱的去向，承前启后，其中的where yur mney is ging和后文的where it is ging呼应。故选E。
28．前文“Perhaps yu are currently paying t much n yur car r health insurance. (也许你现在在汽车或健康保险上花了太多钱)”指出可能有支付的价格偏高的问题，因此G项“Sme price cmparisn websites can ensure yu get the best deal pssible (一些价格比较网站可以确保你得到最好的交易)”符合语境，说明使用价格比较网站解决该问题，承接前文。故选G。
29．空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容。后文“A number f mney-saving tips require yu t change yur habits. Seemingly inncuus things like washing yur dishes using a bwl, r using an energy-saving mde n the dishwasher, can save quite a lt during the year. (一些省钱的技巧需要你改变你的习惯。看似不关痛痒的事情，比如用一个碗来洗东西，或者在洗碗机上使用节能模式，可以在一年中节省很多钱)”介绍了通过改变使用能源的方式来省钱，因此A项“Becme gd at saving energy (善于节约能源)”符合语境，契合后文内容，其中的energy与后文的energy-saving呼应。故选A。
30．前文“Whether yu are ging fr grcery shpping r lking fr new winter shes, knwing what yu already have will guarantee yu wn’t end up spending mney n things yu dn’t even need. Saving mney is easier when yu have an inventry f the things yu already wn. (无论你是去杂货店购物还是寻找新的冬季鞋子，知道你已经拥有的东西将保证你不会把钱花在你甚至不需要的东西上。当你有一个你已经拥有的东西的清单时，省钱就更容易了)”建议通过列存货清单来省钱，因此F项“Or at least knw exactly what yu’ve gt and where everything is (或者至少确切地知道你得到了什么，所有东西都在哪里)”符合语境，提出另一种替代存货清单的方式，承接前文。故选F。
It’s never easy t say n, especially when we’re invited smewhere by smene clse t us. 31 Maybe it’s time t learn hw t tur dwn an invitatin withut hurting peple’s feelings.
Delay yur respnse. Avid respnding immediately t a request yu believe yu will turn dwn. A quick “N” will rb (剥夺) yu f time t cme up with a kind refusal. A simple “Let me check my calendar and get back t yu” will ften wrk. 32
Check yur calendar fr cnflicts. If yu are lucky, yu will have a scheduling cnflict. Yu can hnestly decline due t the cnflict. If the persn insists n inviting yu, they may ask yu fr a better time. 33 When yu see yur calendar is busy, take a little extra time in advance t think abut a kind refusal if they ask fr a better time.
34 If yu knw yu want t decline befre checking yur calendar, yu may have a reasn in mind. D yu dislike the task? Are yu planning t g t that event with smene else? Think abut reasns yu can give that fcus n aspects f the request, instead f the aspects f the persn requesting it.
Remember t respnd. 35 If yu d nt respnd, they may think yu feel they are nt imprtant. S d remember t reply t requests. Emphasize nn-persnal reasns fr declining.
A．Avid admitting yur schedule is pen.
B．Identify exactly why yu want t decline.
C．S be prepared t respnd with a mre direct refusal.
D．This gives yu time t create a respnse in yur head.
E．But yu ften find yurself saying yes and regretting it later n.
F．Keep these in mind if the ther party asks why yu are declining.
G．Frgetting abut a request may hurt peple r make yu an implite persn.
【答案】31．E 32．D 33．C 34．B 35．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种礼貌拒绝别人的方法。
31．上文“It’s never easy t say n, especially when we’re invited smewhere by smene clse t us.(说“不”从来都不是件容易的事，尤其是当我们被亲近的人邀请去某地的时候。)”指出拒绝邀请不是一件容易的事情，E项“But yu ften find yurself saying yes and regretting it later n.(但你经常发现自己答应了，后来又后悔了。)”与上文构成转折关系，说明不懂拒绝可能会让自己后悔，引出下文“Maybe it’s time t learn hw t tur dwn an invitatin withut hurting peple’s feelings.(也许是时候学习如何在不伤害别人感情的情况下拒绝邀请了。)”讲正确的拒绝方法，上下文衔接自然。故选E项。
32．上文“A simple “Let me check my calendar and get back t yu” will ften wrk. (一句简单的“让我看看我的日程安排，然后回复你”通常会起作用。)”给出推迟回复的具体建议，D项“This gives yu time t create a respnse in yur head.(这给了你时间在头脑中做出反应。)”说明这样做的好处，选项中“gives yu time”与上文“get back t yu”相照应。故选D项。
33．上文“If yu are lucky, yu will have a scheduling cnflict. Yu can hnestly decline due t the cnflict. If the persn insists n inviting yu, they may ask yu fr a better time.(如果幸运的话，你可能会遇到时间冲突。你可以诚实地因为冲突而拒绝。如果对方坚持邀请你，他们可能会要求你安排一个更好的时间。)”提出别人可能会坚持邀请并要求另外安排时间，对于这种情况，C项“S be prepared t respnd with a mre direct refusal.(所以准备好以更直接的拒绝回应。)”提出应对策略：更直接的拒绝，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
34．设空句是段首小标题，根据下文“If yu knw yu want t decline befre checking yur calendar, yu may have a reasn in mind. D yu dislike the task? Are yu planning t g t that event with smene else? Think abut reasns yu can give that fcus n aspects f the request, instead f the aspects f the persn requesting it.(如果你在查看日历之前就知道你想要拒绝，你可以找一个理由。你不喜欢这个任务吗?你打算和别人一起去参加那个活动吗?)”可知，本段建议明确拒绝的理由，B项“Identify exactly why yu want t decline.(明确你想要拒绝的原因。)”是最佳标题。故选B项。
35．小标题“Remember t respnd.(记得回复。)”提出不要忘记回复，G项“Frgetting abut a request may hurt peple r make yu an implite persn.(忘记一个请求可能会伤害别人，或者让你成为一个不礼貌的人。)”解释要记得回复的原因，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
Sadness and regret ften g hand in hand, but we can’t let them hld us back. We must find peace and mve frward.
Ever since I was yung, it had been my greatest dream t attend Harvard, “the best” university in my eyes. I studied hard and maintained (保持) my gd grades s that ne day I culd get int Harvard. 36 After all, I had always passed exams with flying clrs.
Hwever, my whle wrld fell apart when I gt my rejectin (拒绝) letter frm Harvard. Everyne, including me, had gtten their hpes up s high that it was a lng way dwn.
I gave in t my disappintment. I culdn’t understand what went wrng. 37 I cried all day and night, letting my disappintment and sadness eat me away.
Each time I tried t regain (重获) cntrl, the feeling f rejectin wuld cme back and hit me hard. I knew that I culdn’t cntinue like this. 38 Thugh it was hard, I started rebuilding myself little by little every day because it’s kay t lse and t fail.
It desn’t matter hw many times r hw hard yu fall. 39 .
Even if it was painful at first, I went t Yale and attended my classes with a heavy heart. Over time the wund healed (愈合) itself up. 40 I fell but gt back up. I didn’t let my disappintment silence me r cntrl my actins.
A．I regretted that I hadn’t studied hard.
B．Everyne has different ideas abut success.
C．It is hw quickly yu get back up that matters.
D．I knew that the news was hard t accept, but I had t face it.
E．Even if my future might be different frm what I expected, I cnsidered it a victry.
F．All my friends and families believed I wuld be able t get int my dream university.
G．Even greeting t Yale, which I cnsidered a “secnd best” university, culdn’t revive me.
【答案】36．F 37．A 38．D 39．C 40．E
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者被梦想的大学拒绝，一度一蹶不振，到最后接受结果和自己期望的不同，开始振作起来。
36．根据上文“Ever since I was yung, it had been my greatest dream t attend Harvard, “the best” university in my eyes. I studied hard and maintained (保持) my gd grades s that ne day I culd get int Harvard.(从年轻的时候起，进入哈佛大学一直是我最大的梦想，这是我眼中“最好”的大学。我努力学习，保持好成绩，希望有一天能进入哈佛大学)”以及后文“After all, I had always passed exams with flying clrs.(毕竟，我总是以优异的成绩通过考试)”可知，后文提到了作者的成绩优异，说明大家都相信作者可以进入梦想的大学。故F选项“我所有的朋友和家人都相信我能够进入我梦想中的大学”符合语境，故选F。
37．根据上文“I gave in t my disappintment. I culdn’t understand what went wrng.(我屈服于失望。我不明白哪里出了问题)”以及后文“I cried all day and night, letting my disappintment and sadness eat me away.(我哭了一整天，让我的失望和悲伤吞噬了我)”可知，前后文都提到了作者很失望，说明作者后悔自己没有努力学习，故A选项“我后悔我没有努力学习”符合语境，故选A。
38．根据上文“Each time I tried t regain (重获) cntrl, the feeling f rejectin wuld cme back and hit me hard. I knew that I culdn’t cntinue like this.(每次我试图重新控制自己的时候，那种被拒绝的感觉就会卷土重来，狠狠地打击我。我知道我不能再这样下去了)”以及后文“Thugh it was hard, I started rebuilding myself little by little every day because it’s kay t lse and t fail.(虽然很难，但我开始每天一点一点地重建自己，因为失败是可以接受的)”可知，上文提到了作者知道自己不能再这样下去了，说明开始接受现实。故D选项“我知道这个消息很难接受，但我必须面对它”符合语境，故选D。
39．根据上文“It desn’t matter hw many times r hw hard yu fall.(不管你摔了多少次，摔得多重)”可知，上文提到了摔倒不重要，故本句说明重要的是多快站起来。故C选项“重要的是你能多快站起来”符合语境，故选C。
40．根据上文“Even if it was painful at first, I went t Yale and attended my classes with a heavy heart. Over time the wund healed (愈合) itself up.(虽然一开始很痛苦，但我还是带着沉重的心情去了耶鲁。久而久之，伤口自愈了)”以及后文“I fell but gt back up. I didn’t let my disappintment silence me r cntrl my actins.(我跌倒了，但又站了起来。我没有让失望让我沉默，也没有让失望控制我的行动)”可知，上文提到作者的伤口愈合了，说明作者接受了和自己期望不符的结果，故E选项“即使我的未来可能与我所期望的不同，我也认为这是一种胜利”符合语境，故选E。
Nwadays parents and their children are spending less and less time cmmunicating with each ther. As a result, many children are getting less lve than their parents nce gt. 41 . T keep yur family time creative and enjyable, belw is a list f helpful family time tips.
Eat tgether and listen t each ther
42 . Yet the cmmunicatin and unity built during this time is necessary t a healthy family life. Sharing a meal tgether allws parents and their children the pprtunity t talk abut each ther’s lives. This is als a time fr parents t listen and give advice t their children.
Read ften
It’s imprtant fr parents t read t their children. The latest research shws that reading t yur children develps an interest in knwledge and cntributes t language develpment. 43 . Lk fr bks that yur children wuld enjy reading. After reading, ask questins abut what the bks are abut.
44
Chse a fun activity that yur children are interested in. Activities like cking, fishing r biking can be their great hbbies. They can pen the dr t exciting family time. Once a child learns a new skill. let him r her take the lead under yur directin.
Plan a family uting
Smetimes getting ut f the huse is imprtant. Jump int the family car and g fr a drive. Prepare a picnic lunch and visit a lcal park. 45 . A slw and relaxing walk in the wds will help parents cmmunicate with their children better. Als, a visit t the z r museum will inspire enthusiasm in a child and lead t lng discussins.
A．Start a hbby r prject
B．Think f a way ut tgether
C．Take time t play r ride a bike
D．Fllwing a family rule is necessary
E．Mst children tday dn’t knw the meaning f a family dinnertime
F．It als increases their cncentratin n things and helps them becme mre curius
G．American parents tday spend abut 40 percent less time with their children than parents did a generatin ag
【答案】41．G 42．E 43．F 44．A 45．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了帮助父母增加与孩子们交流时间的建议。
41．根据上文“Nwadays parents and their children are spending less and less time cmmunicating with each ther. As a result, many children are getting less lve than their parents nce gt.(现在父母和他们的孩子花在彼此交流上的时间越来越少。因此，许多孩子得到的爱比他们的父母曾经得到的要少)”可知，现在父母和孩子们交流的时间比以前减少了。由此可知，G. American parents tday spend abut 40 percent less time with their children than parents did a generatin ag(今天的美国父母花在孩子身上的时间比上一代少了40%)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选G。
42．根据本段小标题“Eat tgether and listen t each ther(一起吃饭，互相倾听)”可知，本段在讲述家庭聚餐的话题。由此可知，E. Mst children tday dn’t knw the meaning f a family dinnertime(现在大多数孩子都不知道家庭聚餐的意义)能与下文“Yet the cmmunicatin and unity built during this time is necessary t a healthy family life. (然而，在此期间建立的沟通和团结对于健康的家庭生活是必要的)”形成转折关系，符合语境。故选E。
43．根据上文“It’s imprtant fr parents t read t their children. The latest research shws that reading t yur children develps an interest in knwledge and cntributes t language develpment.(父母给孩子读书是很重要的。最新的研究表明，给孩子读书可以培养他们对知识的兴趣，有助于语言的发展)”可知，此处在讲述给孩子读书的好处。由此可知，F. It als increases their cncentratin n things and helps them becme mre curius(这也增加了他们对事物的注意力，帮助他们变得更好奇)也是给孩子读书的好处，属于上文语义的延续，符合语境。故选F。
44．根据下文“Chse a fun activity that yur children are interested in. Activities like cking, fishing r biking can be their great hbbies. They can pen the dr t exciting family time. Once a child learns a new skill. let him r her take the lead under yur directin. (选择一个孩子感兴趣的有趣的活动。像烹饪、钓鱼或骑自行车这样的活动可能是他们的爱好)”可知，此处在建议开展一个爱好或活动。由此可知，A. Start a hbby r prject(开始一个爱好或项目)适合作本段小标题，符合语境。故选A。
45．根据本段小标题“Plan a family uting(计划一次家庭出游)”可知，本段在讲述建议家庭出游的话题。根据上文“Jump int the family car and g fr a drive. Prepare a picnic lunch and visit a lcal park.(跳上家里的车去兜风。准备一顿野餐午餐，参观当地的公园)”可知，此处正在列举可以做的一些活动。由此可知，C. Take time t play r ride a bike(花点时间玩或骑自行车)也属于具体的一些户外活动，且句式与上文相符，符合语境。故选C
The hippcampus (海马体) functin is the part f the brain which stres memry. Think f it like a human’s inner hard drive. 46
Learn Smething New
Due t the way the hippcampus wrks, when yu learn smething new, yu build new neural (神经元的) pathways and strengthen the nes that already exist. 47
Researchers fund that when yu engage in lng-term learning, new neural activity patterns were bserved. This established a clear relatinship between patterns and new behaviral abilities.
Exercise
Yu can generate new hippcampi neurns by exercising. A famus neurnal study cmpared the brains f tw different grups f mice. 48 The mice with the wheel prduced an abundance f new neurns in their hippcampus. The grup withut access prduced far less.
Mst exercises will help the brain and hippcampus functin in sme way. If yu’re searching fr an exercise which is particularly brain-effective, then fitness center is a great place t start. 49 Yu can d anything frm walking, running, cycling, swimming, bxing, rwing and even dancing!
Eat Dark Chclate
Dark chclate releases dpamine (多巴胺), which is great fr fast learning and memry. Indeed, studies have shwn that eating chclate can increase cerebral bld flw and prmte synaptgenesis (突触发生). This is the frmatin f synapses (突触) between ur neurns. They accumulate in the hippcampus, which is the part f the brain assciated with memry.
50 Dark chclate als releases antixidants (抗氧化剂). This means that yu n lnger have t feel guilty abut tucking int that bx f chclate!
A．Think f it like building blcks!
B．But the benefits dn’t stp there.
C．Dark chclate has several benefits.
D．Lucky fr yu, there’s a bunch f different exercises ut there.
E．And just like actual hard drives, we can bst its perfrmance.
F．The first grup had access t a running wheel, the secnd did nt.
G．There are many things yu can d t help imprve yur memry.
【答案】46．E 47．A 48．F 49．D 50．B
【导语】本文是说明文。本文介绍了什么是海马体，以及提高记忆力的方法。
46．根据前文“The hippcampus (海马体) functin is the part f the brain which stres memry. Think f it like a human’s inner hard drive.(海马体是大脑中储存记忆的部分。把它想象成人类的内部硬盘)”可知，E项“And just like actual hard drives, we can bst its perfrmance.(就像真正的硬盘一样，我们可以提高它的性能)”能承接前文，并引出下文，其中hard drives为同词复现。故选E项。
47．分析设空，位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Due t the way the hippcampus wrks, when yu learn smething new, yu build new neural (神经元的) pathways and strengthen the nes that already exist.(由于海马体的工作方式，当你学习新东西时，你会建立新的神经通路，并加强已经存在的神经通路)”可知，A项“Think f it like building blcks!(把它想象成积木!)”是前文的生动比喻，起到总结作用。故选A项。
48．根据前文“Yu can generate new hippcampi neurns by exercising. A famus neurnal study cmpared the brains f tw different grups f mice.(你可以通过锻炼产生新的海马体神经元。一项著名的神经元研究比较了两组不同老鼠的大脑)”以及后文“The mice with the wheel prduced an abundance f new neurns in their hippcampus. The grup withut access prduced far less.(有错综复杂的机构的老鼠在海马体中产生了大量的新神经元。没有错综复杂的机构的一组产出的要少得多)”可知，空处应是过渡句，由前文的实验过渡到结果，所以F项“The first grup had access t a running wheel, the secnd did nt.”（第一组有错综复杂的机构，第二组没有）符合文意，是对实验的进一步说明，得到下文的结果。故选F项。
49．根据前文“Mst exercises will help the brain and hippcampus functin in sme way. If yu’re searching fr an exercise which is particularly brain-effective, then fitness center is a great place t start.(大多数锻炼都会以某种方式帮助大脑和海马体发挥作用。如果你正在寻找一种对大脑特别有效的运动，那么健身中心就是一个很好的开始)”以及后文“Yu can d anything frm walking, running, cycling, swimming, bxing, rwing and even dancing!(你可以做任何事情，从散步，跑步，骑自行车，游泳，拳击，划船，甚至跳舞!)”可知，空处应是过渡句，由锻炼对海马体的好处，过渡到具体的锻炼运动，所以D项“Lucky fr yu, there’s a bunch f different exercises ut there.(你很幸运，有很多不同的锻炼)”符合文意，引出下文，其中exercises为同词复现。故选D项。
50．根据前文“Dark chclate releases dpamine (多巴胺), which is great fr fast learning and memry. Indeed, studies have shwn that eating chclate can increase cerebral bld flw and prmte synaptgenesis (突触发生). This is the frmatin f synapses (突触) between ur neurns. They accumulate in the hippcampus, which is the part f the brain assciated with memry.(黑巧克力会释放多巴胺，有助于快速学习和记忆。事实上，研究表明，吃巧克力可以增加脑血流量，促进突触形成。这是我们神经元之间突触的形成。它们积聚在海马体中，海马体是大脑中与记忆有关的部分)”可知，是在讲述黑巧克力对海马体的好处，再根据后文“Dark chclate als releases antixidants (抗氧化剂)(黑巧克力也会释放抗氧化剂).”可知，是在讲述黑巧克力的另一个好处，所以B项“But the benefits dn’t stp there.(但好处还不止于此)”符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选B项。
挖空位置
逻辑关系
具体解读
段首题
主旨句
常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。
承上启下句
此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
段中题
例证关系
前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：fr example, fr instance, in fact/as a matter f fact, actually, in ther wrds/that is t say等。
转折关系
若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转， 则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有： but, hwever, yet, while/thugh/althugh, r/therwise, n the cntrary, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, in cntrast/cmparisn, by cmparisn等。
因果关系
表示因果关系的标志词语有：s, therefre, thus, cnsequently(结果), as a result (f), s/such ..., s that ...等。
递进关系
若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有：t, als, besides, further, furthermre, mrever, likewise, similarly, what's mre, what's wrse, in additin, as well, t make matters wrse, nt ... but ..., nt nly ... but als等。
并列关系
表示并列关系的标志词语有：and, first(ly), secnd(ly); first, then/next; t begin with, sme ... thers ...; fr ne thing, fr anther thing; then/next, finally/last等。
段尾题
总结句
用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。
承上启下句
此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。