人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture课后练习题

UNIT 3　Period One

基础练

Ⅰ．单词拼写　

1．She had 500 leaflets to __________(把……塞进) into envelopes.

2．He must learn to control his ________(脾气).

3．Try to eat at least four ________(薄片) of bread a day.

4．As an absolute __________(最少量), you should spend two hours in the evening studying.

5．A __________(素食者) is a person who does not eat meat.

6．At the age of five，Mary showed __________(特别的) talent as a musician.

7．Try this new dish，which was created by our head______________(厨师).

8．Last month The school set up special dorms and______________(食堂) for foreign students.

9．Enjoying the local______________(菜肴) is one of the delights of the holiday abroad.

10．Can you write down the______________(菜谱) for this dish so that I can cook it at home?

【答案】1．stuff　2．temper　3．slices　4．minimum　5．vegetarian　

6．exceptional　7．chef　8．canteens　9．cuisine　10．recipe　

Ⅱ．单句语法填空　

1．Prior ________ the meeting, we discussed the matter among ourselves.

2．New Zealand consists ________ a north island and a south land, both of which are surrounded by sea.

3．It was not a good thing; ________ the contrary, it was a big mistake.

4．At present, some adolescents tend ________(spend) more time playing games.

5．He was badly hurt. As ________ result, he didn’t participate in this activity.

6．On the whole, electricity ________(consume) decreases during the winter.

7．They walked hand ________ hand in silence along the beautiful beach.

8．________(shock), she couldn’t say a word at the bad news.

9．Thirty students would like to attend the class which aims to teach how ________(read) fast.

10．The quality of the recording is quite __________(exception).

【答案】1．to　2．of　3．on　4．to spend　5．a　6．consumption　7．in　8．Shocked　9．to read　10．exceptional　

Ⅲ．选用适当的短语填空　

differ from; as a result; slice off; fill…with; prior to

1．He______________________ a thick piece from the loaf and ate it.

2．Can you help me________ this box ________ those books?

3．All the tasks should have been completed ____________________ this Friday.

4．The rain yesterday was heavy.  __________________________ ，the roads were flooded.

5．English______________________ Spanish in that it is not pronounced as it is written.

【答案】1．sliced off　2．fill; with　3．prior to　4．As a result　5．differs from　

Ⅳ．完成句子　

1．She______________________  her English.

她确实很努力地学习英语。

2．_______________________ to have a good rest and follow the doctor’s advice.

你要做的就是好好休息，听从医生的建议。

3．I am aware that being responsible is ____________________ to make a better society.

我知道，担当是一个更好的社会所需要的。

【答案】1．does work very hard at　

2．What you have to do is　

3．what it takes　

提升练

Ⅰ．阅读理解　

(2022·全国高考乙卷)The government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate，the first official data on the policy has shown.

First announced in April，2016，the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5 g of sugar per 100ml，was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar，putting them at a higher risk of the disease.

Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.

It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商)so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge，according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import，depending on the sugar content.

However，some high sugar brands have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices，milk－based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.

Today’s figures，according to one government official，show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施)and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance，and the industry is playing its part.

(　　)1．Why was the sugar tax introduced?

A．To collect money for schools.

B．To improve the quality of drinks.

C．To protect children’s health.

D．To encourage research in education.

(　　)2．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?

A．They turned to overseas markets.

B．They raised the prices of their products.

C．They cut down on their production.

D．They reduced their products’ sugar content.

(　　)3．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?

A．Most alcoholic drinks.  B．Milk－based drinks.

C．Fruit juices.  D．Classic coke.

(　　)4．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?

A．It is a short－sighted decision.  B．It is a success story.

C．It benefits manufacturers.  D．It upsets customers.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。

1．C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“First announced in April，2016，the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml，was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). ”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖。故选C项。

2．D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax. ”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。

3．D　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However，some high sugar brands，like Classic Coca Cola，have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices，milk－based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax，as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. ”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。

4．B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Today’s figures，according to one government official，show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools. ”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。

Ⅱ．完形填空　

Teaching your children healthy eating is important so they have a good relationship with food. Children who __1__ too much of the wrong types of foods are at __2__ risk of health conditions like fatness, heart disease and cancer. With all the ads for junk food, it can be hard to keep your child eating healthily. __3__, there are ways you can employ to __4__ children achieve this goal.

Serve your child mainly __5__ snacks, such as fruits and vegetables or wholegrain biscuits and cheese. Keep healthy snacks accessible by placing them on low shelves in the fridge or in the cabinets so your children can __6__ them when hungry.

If you don’t __7__ your child to eat a particular food, keep it out of the house. She/He can’t eat foods that aren’t __8__. Make less unhealthy foods—something you eat __9__. This will limit the __10__ of junk food your child can eat.

Don’t use junk food as a trading tool. __11__ children with junk food or using it to please children to get them to eat healthier foods __12__ makes this food more appealing and healthier foods less attractive, so __13__ non－food rewards.

Children learn by __14__ what you do. In my opinion, if you don’t want your child to eat too much junk food, model healthy eating and __15__ eating a lot of junk food yourself. Allow children to help pick out new, healthy foods for snacks.

(　　)1．A．eat　　　 B．waste　

C．have D．make　

(　　)2．A．lower B．better　

C．higher D．bigger　

(　　)3．A．Therefore B．However　

C．Formally D．Finally　

(　　)4．A．order B．see　

C．help D．protect　

(　　)5．A．unhealthy B．simple　

C．poor D．healthy　

(　　)6．A．cook B．reach　

C．arrive D．afford　

(　　)7．A．hope B．want　

C．advise D．promise　

(　　)8．A．here B．there　

C．over D．out　

(　　)9．A．immediately B．always　

C．honestly D．rarely　

(　　)10．A．quality B．character　

C．amount D．shape　

(　　)11．A．Providing B．Rewarding　

C．Sharing D．Filling　

(　　)12．A．only B．also　

C．even D．ever　

(　　)13．A．choose B．buy　

C．exchange D．demand　

(　　)14．A．remembering B．delaying　

C．watching D．imagining　

(　　)15．A．prevent B．keep　

C．avoid D．ban　

【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了培养孩子健康饮食的原因和方法。

1．A　句意：吃了太多不该吃的食物的孩子，有更高的健康风险。根据“Teaching your children healthy eating is important so they have a good relationship with food. ”及下文可知，整篇文章都与孩子的饮食有关。

2．C　句意：吃了太多不该吃的食物的孩子，有更高的健康风险。根据“like fatness, heart disease and cancer”可知，吃太多不健康的食物，有更高的健康风险，比如肥胖、心脏病和癌症。

3．B　句意：然而，你可以通过一些方法来帮助孩子们实现这个目标。分析前后句可知，这里为转折关系。

4．C　句意：然而，你可以通过一些方法来帮助孩子们实现这个目标。由下文提出的方法可知，这些方法应该是帮助孩子们的。

5．D　句意：为你的孩子提供健康的零食，如水果和蔬菜，或全麦饼干和奶酪。根据“such as fruits and vegetables or wholegrain biscuits and cheese”所列举的食物，可知都是健康的零食。

6．B　句意：把健康的小吃放在冰箱的低架子上或橱柜里，这样孩子们饿的时候就能够得着。孩子饿的时候就可以够得到食物，动词reach表示伸出(手)够到之意。

7．B　句意：如果你不想让你的孩子吃某种特定的食物，把它放在屋外。根据“keep it out of the house”可知，是不想要让孩子吃某种特定的食物。

8．B　句意：她/他不能吃那里没有的食物。这里指屋子里，所以用副词there。

9．D　句意：少做不健康的食物——那些你很少吃的东西。根据“Make less unhealthy foods”可知，父母很少吃的东西，孩子也会少吃。

10．C　句意：这将限制你的孩子可以吃的垃圾食品的数量。根据前句可知，少做不健康的食物，孩子吃的垃圾食品的数量也会减少。

11．B　句意：奖励孩子垃圾食品，或者用它来取悦孩子，为了让他们吃更健康的食物…… 根据前句“Don’t use junk food as a trading tool. ”可知，这里指为了奖励孩子，把垃圾食品当作奖励工具。

12．A　句意：只会让这些食物更有吸引力和让健康的食物不具有吸引力。根据“__11__ children with junk food or using it to please children to get them to eat healthier foods”可知，这样做只会带来不好的后果。

13．A　句意：所以选择非食物的奖励。根据前句可知，要选择非食物来奖励孩子。

14．C　句意：孩子通过观察你所做的来学习事物。根据常识可知，孩子往往会观察和模仿父母的行为。

15．C　句意：如果你不想让你的孩子吃太多的垃圾食品，那就做个健康饮食的榜样，避免自己吃太多的垃圾食品。根据“In my opinion, if you don’t want your child to eat too much junk food, model healthy eating …”可知，父母要做好健康饮食的模范，避免自己吃太多的垃圾食品。

Ⅲ．语法填空　

It’s almost a common belief that the best food you can find in a place is not in the fancy restaurants，1．________in the backstreets. These spots are usually away from popular tourist attractions，which means that to find them you’ll need the spirit of an 2．________(explore). That’s how I came across roujiamo when I was exploring Beijing. I found 3．____ restaurant that sold dishes from Xi’an when I explored the area around 4．________(I) office one day. I decided to try it out.

My roujiamo 5．________(make) fresh，so the bread was still warm.  It was soft when I bit into it, and the meat inside was delicious and tender. In fact，I enjoyed it so much that I ordered more to take home with me. Though it’s just a snack，it’s still quite filling and can 6．________(easy) satisfy your appetite.

There are a 7．________(various) of things you can put inside the “mo”，as the bread is called. For example，in certain areas in Xi’an，the meat 8．________(use) is usually beef，but in Gansu Province，mutton is more common. And the first roujiamo that I tried was made 9．________ pork. However it’s made，it’s still a tasty snack. And for an American like me who grew up 10．________(eat) hamburgers，it’s a perfect combination of East and West.

【语篇导读】本文介绍了经常出现在街头巷尾的美食——肉夹馍。

1．but　考查连词。句意：几乎普遍认为，你能在一个地方找到的最好的食物不是在豪华餐厅里，而是在街头巷尾。not…but…意为“不是……而是……”，故本空应填连词but。

2．explorer　考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an可知，空格处应填可数名词单数形式。此处表示“探索者”，故填explorer。

3．a　考查冠词。句意：一天，我探访我办公室周围的区域时，发现一个卖西安食物的餐馆。restaurant为可数名词，此处表泛指，又因restaurant的读音以辅音音素开头，故填a。

4．my　考查代词。修饰名词office应用形容词性物主代词my。

5．was made　考查动词的时态和语态。本句中主语“My roujiamo”和动词make之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态；根据上下文可知，此事发生在过去，故本空应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was made。

6．easily　考查副词。修饰动词satisfy应用副词，故填easily。

7．variety　考查固定用法。a variety of意为“各种各样的”。

8．used　考查非谓语动词。动词use与其所修饰的名词meat之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用use的过去分词形式作定语，故填used。

9．with　考查介词。句意：我尝的第一个肉夹馍是用猪肉做的。with表示“用”，故应用介词with。

10．eating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，在who引导的定语从句中，关系代词who指代先行词“an American”，在从句中作主语，因为动词eat和主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词作伴随状语。