高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture优秀教学设计

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture优秀教学设计，共5页。教案主要包含了过去完成时的被动语态等内容，欢迎下载使用。


The main grammatical items in this unit are the past perfect active and passive tense.The past perfect tense is used t refer t an actin that was cmpleted befre a time r event in the past.The past perfect passive vice is the passive frm f the past perfect tense. The teacher can guide the students t analyze and cmpare the structure and usage f the past perfect tense and the passive tense. The teacher is als highly recmmended t help the students t srt ut the relevant cntent in the frm f a chart, r present a chart fr the students t cmplete the key infrmatin.
Enable the students t tell the same infrmatin using the past perfect active tense and the passive tense.
Guide the students t use the tw cnstructins crrectly, and understand their meaning and functin in the cntext.
Encurage the students t make sentences using the past perfect active and passive tense. Then use these sentences t make dialgues.
Cultivate students’ thinking ability and enhance their creativity f using this grammar.
1.Guide students t use the tw structures bth in the spken and written situatin.
2.Encurage the students t make sentences, using the past perfect active and passive tense. Then use these sentences t make dialgues.
Step1: Lead in
What is the tense and vice f the fllwing sentence? what is the functin?
By the time the trnad ended, mre than 700 peple had been killed.
Keys: the passive vice f the past perfect tense.
functin: The past perfect tense is used t refer t an actin r a state f being that ccurred r was cmpleted befre a specific time in the past.
Step 2:Try t find ut all the sentences cntaining the passive vice f the past perfect tense and then sum up their cmmn rules.
教材原句：
Prir t cming t China, my nly experience with Chinese cking was in America, with Chinese fd that had been changed t suit American tastes.
在来中国之前，我唯一接触过中国烹饪的经历是在美国，我接触过经过改变以适应美国人口味的中国食物。
2. When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went lking fr a gd place t eat in Beijing.
当我和家人刚到中国时，我们在北京找了一个吃饭的好地方。
3. A restaurant had been recmmended t us by a friend, and finally, we fund it.
一位朋友向我们推荐了一家餐馆，我们终于找到了。
4. We had n idea hw t rder, s the chef just began filling ur table with the best fd we had ever eaten.
我们不知道该怎么点菜，所以厨师就开始在我们的桌子上摆满我们吃过的最好的食物。
语法共性：
1．句1和句3中的黑体部分为过去完成时的被动语态，其构成为had been dne。
2．句2和句4中的黑体部分为过去完成时，其构成为had dne。
Step 3: The teacher instructs Ss t review the basic knwledge abut the past perfect tense and its passive vice.
一、Basic use f the past perfect tense
1．Definitin
过去完成时的构成为“had＋过去分词”。过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
2．Basic use
(1)过去完成时表示在过去某个动作或某个具体的时间之前已经发生、完成的动作或存在的状态，即表示“过去的过去”。
The by was reminded that his hmewrk had nt been handed in．
这个男孩被提醒说他的家庭作业还没有交上来。
Her hmewrk had nt been finished when I gt hme.
我到家的时候，她的作业还没有完成。
Hw many buildings had been destryed when the hurricane ended?
飓风结束的时候，有多少建筑物被毁坏了？
(2)用于hardly/scarcely ... when ..., n sner ... than ...等表示“刚……就……”或“一……就……”的固定句型中。
Hardly had we reached schl frm schl when it began t snw heavily.
我们刚到达学校就下起了雪。
hardly/scarcely/rarely/n sner置于句首时，主句部分倒装，从句不倒装。
(3)有些动词，如hpe、expect、think、intend、mean、suppse等，用过去完成时表示“原本打算做而未做某事”。
We had expected t finish the task n time but we failed.
我们本来希望按时完成这项工作的，但我们没有做到。
Eve had hped t see mre f China.伊芙曾希望在中国多观光一番。
I had intended t be there n time.我本打算准时去的。
Greta had meant t see her ff at the airprt.格瑞塔本打算是要去机场送她的。
(4)在“That/It was the first/secnd ... time＋从句”中，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。
That was the last time I had made such a flish mistake.那是我最后一次犯那样的傻错误。
It was the first time ( that) I had been t Shanghai.那是我第一次去上海。
It was the mst inspiring perfrmance I had watched. 这是我看过的最激励人心的表演
(5)用在"It was+一段时间+ since从句"句型中(从句用过去完成时)
It was at least three mnths since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有三个月了。
(6)wish、if nly、as if、wuld rather等后面的从句中，常用过去完成时表示对过去的假设或虚拟。
If nly I had been praised by the teacher yesterday.我昨天要是被老师表扬就好了。
I wish I had been there at that time.那时候我要在那儿就好了。（事实上我不在那儿。）
I wish I had tld him abut it.我要是告诉他那事就好了。（事实上我没告诉他。）
3．过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
一般过去时侧重发生在过去的客观事实；而过去完成时强调动作发生在“过去的过去”，一定有一个表示过去时间的参照点，表示在这个时间之前，动作已经发生。
They had fallen asleep when their parents gt hme at 11 ’clck..
父母11点回家之前他们已经睡着了。（过去的过去）
They fell asleep at 11 ’clck.他们11点睡着了。（一般过去）
二、过去完成时的被动语态
1．概念：过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时刻或某个动作以前已经发生或完成，且主语与谓语动词动作存在被动关系。
2．构成
(1)肯定结构：主语＋had been dne
(2)否定结构：主语＋had nt been dne
3．用法
(1)在tld、said、 knew、heard、thught、fund等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
He heard that the tickets had already been sld ut.他听说票已售完。
He tld me that the prject had been cmpleted by the end f 1999.他告诉我到1999年底他们已完成了那个项目。
The newspaper reprted mre than 100 peple had been killed in the thunderstrm.报纸报道说有一百多人在暴风雨中丧生。
(2)befre、when、by the time、until、after、nce等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，以及by、befre后面接过去的时间时，主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
By the time my brther was 10, he had been sent t Italy.
我弟弟10岁前就已经被送到意大利了。
Tns f rice had been prduced by the end f last mnth.
到上月底已生产了好几吨大米。
(3) It was the first/secnd/last ... time that ...句中that引导的定语从句中，主语与谓语构成被动关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
It was the first time that I had seen the night fact t face in ne and a half years. 这是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹夜晚的景色。
(4)在虚拟语气中，条件句表示与过去事实相反，且主语与谓语构成被动关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
If I had been instructed by him earlier, I wuld have finished the task.
如果我早一点得到他的指示，我早就完成这项任务了。
If I had hurried, I wuldn't have missed the train.
如果我快点的话，我就不会误了火车。
If yu had been at the party, yu wuld have met him.
如果你去了晚会，你就会见到他的。