直接引用和间接引语讲解2023-2024学年人教版九年级英语全册

引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语(Direct Speech)，即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；另一种是间接引语(Indirect Speech)，即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。间接引语在大多数情况下构成宾语从句。学习直接引语变间接引语时，我们需要注意四点变化：★ 人称变化 ★ 直接引语转换为间接引语时，代词要根据说话人所处的立场而进行适当的改变。人称代词的变化①当主句的主语是第一人称时，引语中的人称代词不变。如：I said, “You are the first to reach here today.”→I said that you were the first to reach there that day.②当直接引语中主语是第一人称时，改写后的间接引语的主语人称与主句中的主语人称一致。如：Linda said to Tim, “I’ll go there with you.”→Linda told Tim that she would go there with him.③当直接引语中主语是第二人称时，改写后的间接引语的主语人称和主句宾语一致。如：Her husband said to her, “Where did you put my coat?”→Her husband asked her where she had put his coat.提示：如果主句中无宾语，改写时应根据语境或想象，自行添加适当的宾语；如果直接引语中有呼语，则在改写间接引语时变为主句的宾语。如：“Why do you cry again, Carol?” asked the teacher.→The teacher asked Carol why she cried again.④当直接引语中主语是第三人称时，改写时不发生变化。如：He said to Tom, “She can help them.”→He told Tom that she could help them.物主代词的变化改写时，句中的物主代词也要随句子的具体情况而发生改变。如：“Have you found your handbag?” Father said to me.→Father asked me whether I had found my handbag.指示代词的变化一般情况下，指示代词this改成that，these改为those。如：He said to me, “I don’t like these coats.”→He told me that he didn’t like those coats.★ 时态变化 ★直接引语转换为间接引语时，宾语从句中的谓语一般要转换成与直接引语相对应的过去的时态。当然，若直接引语使用了过去完成时，转换时就不需要再作改变了。但在下列情况下，间接引语中的谓语动词时态可以保持不变。1. 主句为现在时或将来时。如：He says, “I have won the competition held in my school.”→He says he has won the competition held in his school.2. 间接引语表示的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、客观事实、格言等。如：The professor said to the students, “The sun always rises in the east.”→The professor told the students that the sun always rises in the east.3. 间接引语中动词表示的动作说话时仍在进行或状态仍然存在。如：Just now Mrs Smith said, “My husband is in Beijing today.”→Mrs Smith told me just now that her husband is in Beijing today.4. 间接引语中有明确的过去时间状语，仍可用一般过去时，不必改为过去完成时。如：The lady said, “I first met the man in 2015.”→The lady said that she first met the man in 2015.★ 状语变化 ★ 直接引语转换间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律。时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”，如now改为then，today改为that day，yesterday改为the day before，tomorrow改为the next day等；地点状语(尤其表示方向性的或用指示代词修饰的状语)由“此”改为“彼”，如this 改为that, these改为those，here改为there等。如：He said, “I bought these books here yesterday.”→He said he had bought those books there the day before. ★句式变化 ★间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语改写为间接引语时，宾语从句的引导词可以分为几种情况。 陈述句直接宾语为陈述句，改写为间接引语时要用that(that可省略)来引导。如：Tom said, “My boss offered me a prize.”→ Tom said (that) his boss had offered him a prize. 疑问句直接引语为疑问句，改写为间接引语时要注意宾语从句部分应为陈述语序，同时引导宾语从句的连接词要视情况而定。①一般疑问句或反意疑问句。直接引语为一般疑问句或反意疑问句时，要用if/whether来引导，原主句的谓语为say时要改为ask。如：He said, “Are you interested in English?”→He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English.②选择疑问句。直接引语是选择疑问句时，间接引语的主句谓语动词可以选择wonder, ask等词，宾语从句由whether... or (not)...来引导。如：My brother said, “Will you do it today or tomorrow?”→My brother asked (me) whether I would do it that day or the next day.③特殊疑问句。直接引语为特殊疑问句时，引导词为原句的特殊疑问词，如：He asked, “Where are you to get off, Alice?”→He asked Alice where she was to get off.④表示请求、提议、建议或劝告等意义的疑问句。直接引语如果是此类疑问句，变为间接引语时，可以变为动词不定式、动名词形式或含虚拟语气的宾语从句。如：“Could you please send a car to the airport to pick me up?” Robert said to his brother.→Robert asked his brother to send a car to the airport to pick him up.祈使句直接引语如果是祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常把动词原形变为动词不定式，并在动词不定式之前加上ask, order, tell, command, invite, remind, advise, request, warn等转述动词，原句中please去掉。如：“Leave the room in five minutes,” Lily said to me.→Lily told/ordered/asked me to leave the room in five minutes.①祈使句中有呼语的，把呼语改成转述动词的宾语。若祈使句中没有呼语，应根据句意给转述动词补上适当的宾语。如：“Jim, keep silent!” said the teacher.→The teacher ordered Jim to keep silent.②若祈使句为否定式，在动词不定式之前加not。如：“Don’t make any noise,” said the boss.→The boss ordered/warned/requested us not to make any noise.③祈使句表示“请求”、“命令”等口气，因而祈使句直接引语变为间接引语时不存在时态的变化。但是人称、指示代词、时间、地点状语等的变化还应根据陈述句直接引语变间接引语的方法进行相应的改变。如：“Please turn off the lights when you leave my office this afternoon,” Mr Black said to her.→Mr Black asked her to turn off the lights when she left his office that afternoon.④带有let的祈使句(表示请求、建议或命令)，可用suggest/advise句型。如：“Let’s have a picnic this weekend!” said the boy.→The boy suggested having a picnic that weekend.→The boy suggested that they (should) have a picnic that weekend.感叹句①直接引语是感叹句，其变为间接引语时，多采用宾语从句结构，既可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。如：“What a handsome young man you are!” the old man said to him.→The old man told him what a handsome young man he was.→The old man told him that he was a handsome young man.②有些感叹句可以根据原句的意思，采用适当的动词变为陈述句，不需用间接宾语来转述。如：“What a terrible accident it is!” he said.→He complained about the terrible accident.“Happy New Year!” she said.→She wished me a happy New Year.