2019新人教高中英语选择性必修二Unit3 Food and Culture单元知识总结

选修2 U3 Food And Culture单元知识总结Part I. Word formationprior   adj. 先前的；优先的→ priority   n. 优先考虑的事 2. consist vi.组成；在于；一致→consistent adj. 一致的；连续的3.elegant adj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的→elegance  n.高雅；典雅；优雅4.exceptional adj.特别的；罕见的→exception n.例外；异议 5. consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗.→consumption n.消耗；消耗量；消费→consumer n. 消费者6.association  n.协会；关联→associate vt.联合7.fundamental adj.根本的；基础的；基本的n.基本规律；基本法则→fundament  n.基础8.modest adj.些许的；谦虚的；朴素的→modestly adv.谦虚地；适度地Part II. PhrasesReading and Thinking& Learning about Language1.put more simply 简单地说                          2.relate…to与……相关；涉及；谈到3.refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅   4.in many ways 在许多方面                          5.in point  相关的；恰当的；中肯的   6.prior to 在……之前的                       7.suit American tastes 适合美国人口味                                8.consist of 由……组成（或构成）9. have a chance to do sth. 有机会做某事                             10.recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐……                                11.at a minimum 至少                                                          12.tend to do sth. 易于做某事；往往会做某事13.have a hot temper 脾气暴躁的                                          14.cause and effect 因果15.not really=no/not very much不怎么样（不 ）                16.switch off关（电灯、机器等）Using Language & Assessing Your Progress1.as to 至于；关于            2.make up 组成；构成                        3.increasing evidence 越来越多的证据4.regardless of 不管；不顾     5.argue over 对……展开讨论       6.in other words 换句话说7.cut down  (on) 削减，删节（尺寸、数量或数目等）；砍倒  8.cut out切去；省略；停止（做某事）          9.rather than而不是           10.quantities of 大量的                    11.attitude to/towards 对……的态度12.It is up to sb. to do sth.由某人决定做某事Part III. 知识梳理1).Words.1. recommend vt.推荐；建议         n. recommendation 推荐；劝告；介绍信推荐:  recommend sb. sth./ recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物建议：recommend doing sth. / that cause  从句用虚拟语气：(should)+ 动词原形recommend sb. to do 建议某人干某事 医生建议他不要玩命工作。  The doctor recommended him not to work too hard.The doctor recommended that he shouldn’t work too hard .鉴于你对经典影片感兴趣，我写信推荐给你一部好看的电影。（翻译）Considering that you take an interest in classical movies, I’m writing to recommend a wonderful movie to you.2. temper  n.脾气；火气in a bad temper 发怒，发脾气        keep/lose one’s temper 忍住/发脾气     out of temper   发火的，发怒的3. trick   n. 诀窍；计谋；把戏                      play a trick/ tricks on sb. 捉弄某人         play a joke/jokes on sb. 开某人的玩笑 make fun of sb. 取笑某人                        laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人                                                 2).Phrases.1.consist of由……组成（或构成）=be made up of/ be comprised of    eg. Our team consists of 12 members. 我们队由12名成员组成。= Our team is made up of/ is comprised of 12 members. =12 members make up our team.2. prior to在……之前的Prior to the meeting, we discussed the matter by ourselves.在会议之前，我们自己讨论了这个问题。归纳拓展：senior to 级别（或地位）高的          junior to 地位（或职位、级别）低下的3. hand in hand 手拉手归纳拓展：（1）常用的结构类似的短语：arm in arm  臂挽臂             shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩face to face  面对面地        little by little =step by step  逐渐地（2）“名词-介词-名词”结构可作形容词，常作前置定语。face-to-face  面对面的           back-to-back 背靠背的       hand-in-hand 手拉手的；亲密的heart-to-heart 敞开心扉的     shoulder- to- shoulder 肩并肩的4. cut down (on) 削减，删节（尺寸、数量或数目等）；砍倒    cut in 插嘴，打断别人谈话cut off 切断；断绝            cut…off from 切断……的来路（去路）  ；使……与外界隔绝cut through/across 抄近路穿过；走近路        cut out 切去；省略；停止（做某事）Part IV. Sentence StructureReading I1.①Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.           在来中国之前，我对中国烹饪唯一的经验是在美国，中国菜已经被改变以适应美国人的口味。②When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.我和我的家人刚到中国时，我们在北京找一个吃饭的好地方。③A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. 一位朋友向我们推荐了一家四川餐馆，最后我们找到了。④Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea(= didn’t know) how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的饭菜佳肴。总结：过去完成时的概念、构成及基本用法(1)概念及用法: 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。 这一过去时间可用by, before等构成的短语及when, before, after, by the time等引导的时间状语从句表示。(2)构成:过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成。过去完成时的被动语态：had been done.练习:① By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated  ( graduate) from college.② I had planned (plan) to help you, but I was too busy.③ It was the first time that she had operated(operate) a sewing machine.④ This was the first time that I had met (meet) such difficult problems.⑤ No sooner  had  the film star arrived (arrive) at the airport than he attracted people's attention.⑥All the tickets  had been sold （sell）out when they arrived.2.①And, since the dish was also invented recently, it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods. 而且， 由于  这道菜也是最近才发明的，它告诉我们美国人并不害怕尝试新的事物。在本句中，that 引导了一个 宾语  从句，在从句中 不作成分  .②The food was wonderful and different, but what was even more important was the friendship offered us. 食物美味可口，与众不同，但更重要的是他们给了我们友谊。在本句中，what 引导了一个  主语  从句，在从句中做  主语  . offered us 是过去分词做后置定语.③As a result, their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire—usually boiled or roasted meat, such as lamb kebab.因此，他们的传统食物是你可以在明火上烹饪的——通常是煮熟或烤熟的肉类，如羊肉串。在本句中，what 引导了一个表语从句，在从句中做 宾语  .④ At a minimum, the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like.至少，当地人食用的食物品种向我们说明，他们在本地区种植什么，过着什么样的生活，喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。在本句中，what 引导了一个 宾语 从句，在从句中做 宾语  .⑤What we can say, however, is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand.然而，我们可以说的是，文化和美食是密不可分的。在本句中，what 引导了一个 主语 从句，在从句中做 宾语 . that 引导了一个 表语 从句，在从句中不作成分.3.①For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken, which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers.例如，最受欢迎的中国菜是左公鸡，这道菜是涂有甜酱的炸鸡，用红辣椒调味。  在本句中，which引导了一个 非限制性定语 从句，在从句中做 主语 , 先行词是General Tso's chicken.②It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China, where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone —from the youngest to the oldest—joining in to help.在中国北方，饺子已经成为人们最喜爱的传统美食，包饺子一直是每个人的家庭事务，从最年轻的到最年长的，都加入帮忙。  在本句中，where引导了一个 非限制性定语 从句，在从句中做 状语 , 先行词是 North China  .③Could we also say, for example, that those who like bold flavours are bold themselves?例如，我们是否也可以说，那些喜欢大胆口味的人本身就很大胆呢。在本句中，that 引导了一个  宾语 从句，who引导了一个  定语  从句, 在从句中做  主语  .Reading II1. There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet. 关于什么是健康饮食，现在有很多争论。在本句中，what 引导了一个 宾语  从句，在从句中做  主语  . 2. However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar.  然而越来越多的证据表明，不良健康的真正推手并非脂肪类食物，而实际上是糖。在本句中，that引导  同位语  从句。3. Put more simply, while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.简单地说，当人们继续争论高脂肪食物是否危险时，我们已经知道糖是杀手。在本句中，while 引导了一个 让步状语  从句，that引导了一个 宾语  从句。4. ①Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth.此外，在你的饮食中添加一些肉类豆类或乳制品也是很重要的，因为它们提供了强壮骨骼和肌肉生长所必需的蛋白质。    在本句中，it是  形式主语  ，as引导了一个  原因状语  从句。②It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each time, rather than to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next.最好每次吃适量的食物，而不是一顿吃很多，然后下一顿，吃的少一点。在本句中，it是   形式主语  ，下划线标出真正的主语。5. The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves to less than 100 -150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. 美国心脏协会建议，我们每天从糖中摄取的热量应限制在100到150卡路里以下，少于一罐儿甜饮料或一条巧克力通常含有的热量。在本句中，recommend后加虚拟语气，省略了should.联想类似用法的词：suggest;command;request; insist etc. 6. Finally, a fundamental key to  healthy eating  is to  eat slowly   .最后, 健康饮食的一个基本要素是细嚼慢咽。   7. What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry. 这意味着，咀嚼太快的人最终会吃太多的食物，因为她们仍然感到饥饿。在本句中，what 引导了一个  主语  从句，在从句中做  宾语  . that 引导了一个  表语  从句，在从句中  不做成分   . who 引导了一个  定语 从句，在从句中做 主语 .