初中人教新目标 (Go for it) 版Section A精品测试题

这是一份初中人教新目标 (Go for it) 版Section A精品测试题，文件包含Unit13课时1SectionA学生版docx、Unit13课时1SectionA教师版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共42页， 欢迎下载使用。

Unit13 We’re trying to save the earth.
目标导航

Words
1.litter (v.)乱扔 (n.)垃圾；废弃物2.ugly (adj.)丑陋的；难看的
3.advantage (n.)优点；有利条件4.cost (v.)花费(n.)花费；价钱
5.wooden (adj.)木制的；木头的6.bottom (n.)底部；最下部
7.fisherman (n.)渔民；钓鱼的人8.coal (n.)煤；煤块9.plastic (adj.)塑料的(n.)塑料；塑胶
10.takeaway (n.)外卖食物11.bin (n.)垃圾箱12.shark (n.)鲨鱼13.fin (n.)(鱼)鳍
14.method (n.)方法；措施15.cruel (adj.)残酷的；残忍的16.harmful (adj.)有害的
17.chain(n.)链条；链子18.ecosystem (n.)生态系统19.industry (n.)工业
20.law (n.)法律；法规 21.afford (v.)承担得起(后果)；买得起
Phrases
1.付诸行动 take action 2.参与；起作用take part in
3.在...顶部/底部at the top/bottom of 4.快餐takeaway food 5.有影响make a difference
6.引领lead to 7.对...有害be harmful to 8.减少cut down 9.食物链food chain
10.参与play a part in 11.负担得起做某事afford to do 12.开始于begin with
13.关闭/打开turn off/on 14.付钱.pay for 15.涉及，有关be related to
16.公共交通public transportation 17.关闭close down 18.清扫clean up
Sentences
1.我认为一些简单的事情如购物时带上购物袋都能起到作用。
I think simple things like bringing a bag to go shopping can help.
2.如果他们（鲨鱼）的数目降至过低，会给所有的海洋生物带来危险。
If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life.
3.因此，我们齐心协力就能带来变化，创造美好的未来。
So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future.
4. 世界各地的环境保护组织，如野生救援协会和世界自然基金会，都在教育公众有关“猎翅”的行为。
Environmental protection groups around the world, such as Wild Aid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”.
5.为了减少空气污染，我们应该坐公交车或地铁去上班而不是开车。
To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.
知识精讲

知识点01 fish和catch的用法
【课文详解】 There were no more fish for fishermen to catch.不再有鱼让渔民去捕。
【句型剖析】fish名词，此处意为“鱼"。
【注意】①fish表示同一种类的鱼时，其单复数同形：
例：a fish一条鱼，two fish两条鱼，
②表示不同种类的鱼时复数加-es：
例：These are three fishes.这是三种鱼.
③作“鱼肉"讲时，为不可数名词：
例：apiece of fish一块鱼肉。
【句型剖析】catch动词，意为“抓住"， 其第三人称单数形式为catches， 其过去式为caught。
例：Cats like catching mice. 猫喜欢捉老鼠.
【习惯搭配】catch the train 赶火车 catch up with 赶上 catch a cold 感冒
【即学即练】There _____lots of fish in this river, and birds catch ______for food.
A．are, them B．are,  it C．is,  it D．is , them
【答案】A
【详解】试题分析：句意：这条河里有很多鱼，鸟捉鱼作为食物。Fish表示鱼的种类时是可数的，前有lots of修饰故用are；可用them代替。故选A。
知识点02 bottom的用法
【课文详解】Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.甚至河底都充满了垃圾。
【句型剖析】bottom名词，意为“底部； 最下部”.常构成短语at the bottom of...，意为“在...的底部”，其反义词组为at the top of意为“在......顶端.
例：There's a hole at the bottom of the flowerpot. 花盆底部有个洞.
【知识拓展】
①表示“在......的底部”时，有时根据语境也可用介词in或on。
例：There is some tea left in the bottom of the cup.
有些茶叶留在了杯子底部。(指杯子内部的底部)
There is some dust on the bottom of the cup.
杯子底部有一些尘土，(指杯子外部的底部)
②bottom还可作形容词， 意为“最下面的， 最末的"，
例：Plates are on the bottom shelf. 盘子在最下层搁板上。
【即学即练】I waited for them ________ the bottom of the hill.
A．at B．in C．for D．of
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我在山脚下等着他们。
考查介词辨析。at在（某处）；in在……里面；for为了；of……的。at the bottom of在……的底部，是固定搭配。故选A。
知识点03 used to be的用法
【课文详解】But it used to be so clean! 但它过去是那么干净!
【句型剖析】used to be“过去是......"；used to dos th.“过去常常做某事"，它表示过去存在某种状态或者过去经常性、习惯性的动作，并意味着这种状态或动作目前已存在。
例：He used to bean English teacher. 他过去是一名英语老师。
He used to swim in the river when he was a child.他是一个小孩子的时候，常常在这条河里游泳。
【知识拓展】
①used to的否定形式是didn't use to或used n't to，
例：She didn't use to/used n't to like dancing.她过去不喜欢跳舞。
②used to...句子变为一般疑问句时，可以用Did sb.use to...?或Used sb.to...?
例：-Did you use to/Used you to play the piano?你过去经常弹钢琴吗?
-Yes, I did/used to. 是的，我经常弹。
-No,I didn’t(use to) . 不，我不经常弹。
③反意疑问句的陈述部分有used to时， 附加疑问部分可以用didn't或used n't.
例：-Tom used to get up early，didn't/usedn't he? 汤姆过去常常早起， 不是吗?
-Yes,he did/used to. 是的，他过去是这样。
-No,he didn’t/usedn’t to. 不是，他过去不是这样的。
【即学即练】—What’s your hobby?
—I ________ play computer games, but now I ________ studying on the Internet.
A．used to; get used to B．am used to; used to C．am used to; get used to D．used to; used to
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你的爱好是什么？——我过去常玩电脑游戏，但现在我习惯了上网学习。
考查固定短语及时态。used to do sth“过去常常做某事”，为一般过去时； be/get used to doing sth“习惯做某事”，为一般现在时。根据题干“I ... play computer games, but now I ... studying on the Internet.”可知，第一空表示“过去常常打游戏”，用一般过去时，排除选项B、C，第二空表示“现在习惯于网上学习”，用一般现在时，排除选项D。故选A。
知识点04 litter的用法
【课文详解】Yes，but people are throwing litter into the river.是的，但人们正把垃圾扔进河里。
【句型剖析】litter作不可数名词，意为“垃圾；废弃物”，
例：You can't drop litter in the garden.你不能在花园里扔垃圾。
辨析litter， garbage， rubbish与waste
litter
指四处乱丢的东西和杂物
garbage
专指厨房中的残羹剩饭等必须清除的垃圾
rubbish
指残骸、废物等普通垃圾，特意集中起来以便清除
waste
指任何披丢弃的东西
例：Please don't drop litter. 请不要乱扔垃圾，
Don't forget to takeout the garbage after dinner. 晚饭后不要忘记把垃圾带出去.
You'd better not throw the rubbish on the ground. 你最好不要把垃圾扔在地上，
Waste is also becoming more and more hazardous废弃物的危害也变得越来越大。
【即学即练】—It is reported that many sea animals have died because of waste masks.
—People must stop ________ waste masks into the sea.
A．collecting B．to collect C．littering D．to litter
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——据报道许多海洋动物因为废弃的口罩而死亡。——人们必须停止向海里乱扔口罩。
考查动词和非谓语动词。collect收集；litter 乱扔；根据“many sea animals have died because of waste masks”可知，许多动物死于废弃的口罩，因此表示人们乱扔口罩，所以要禁止人们乱扔口罩，stop doing sth停止做某事，故选C。
知识点05 turn...into的用法
【课文详解】This is turning beautiful places into ugly ones.这将把美丽的地方变成丑陋的地方。
【句型剖析】turn...into...为固定短语，意为“把......变成......".
例：I can tum the liquid into the gas. 我能把液体变成气体，
辨析：turn into与change into
turn into
既指形式上的改变，也表示状态上本质的改变
change into
更强调外在形式上的改变
例：Water turns into ice. 水变成冰。
He changed into the working clothes. 他换上了工作服。
【即学即练】The Ant Forest of Alipay is helping to turn _____ into forests by asking people to plant online trees.
A．oceans B．mountains C．deserts
【答案】C
【详解】句意：支付宝上的蚂蚁森林通过要求人们在网上种树，帮助把沙漠变成森林。
oceans 海洋；mountains 山；deserts 沙漠。根据“by asking people to plant online trees.”可知，种树能把沙漠变成森林，故选C。
知识点06 advantage的用法
【课文详解】There are other advantages of bike riding.骑自行车有其他优点。
【句型剖析】advantage可数名词，意为“优点；有利条件".其反义词为disadvantage，意为“劣势，不利条件"，
例：What is the advantage of using nuclear power?使用核能的优点是什么?
【知识拓展】
与advantage与有关的短语：
take advantage of利用
be of advantage to对......有利
have advantage over优于，胜过
【即学即练】He won the match because he took advantage of his weight.
A．played a joke on B．made full use of C．came up with D．thought highly of
【答案】B
【详解】句意：他赢得了比赛因为他利用了自己的体重优势。
考查同义替换和短语辨析。played a joke on戏弄某人；made full use of充分利用；came up with提出，想出；thought highly of高度评价。根据句意可知，他赢得比赛是利用了自己的体重优势，划线短语“took advantage of”意为“利用”，可与选项B进行同义替换。故选B。
知识点07 make difference和lead to的用法
【课文详解】So together，our actions can make a difference and lead to better future!
因此，齐心协力，我们的行动就能起作用，就会创造一个更加美好的未来!
【句型剖析】make difference意为“起作用；有影响”，其后可接介词to，构成短语make difference to， 表示对某人或某事物有影响。
例：A kind smile can make a big difference. 一个善意的微笑会产生很大的影响。
【知识拓展】
有关make的常用短语：
make the bed铺床 make tea沏茶
make a mistake犯错误 make a living谋生
make noise制造噪音 make sure务必
make trouble惹麻烦 make money赚钱
make a visit拜访 make a telephone call打电话
make a decision做决定
【句型剖析】lead to为固定短语，意为“引起(结果等) ".
例：Eating too much salt can lead to health problems.吃太多盐会引起健康问题，
知识拓展
①lead sb.to do sth.意为“致使某人做某事"
例：What led you to think so?什么使你这样想呢?
②leads b.to someplace意为“带领某人去某地”
例：The road leads you to the station.这条路指引你去往车站。
【即学即练】Everyone will make ________ great difference in this exam. Just read all the questions carefully and believe in yourself!
A．a B．an C．the
【答案】A
【详解】句意：在这次考试中，每个人都将发挥很大的作用。仔细阅读所有的问题并相信自己。
考查冠词。make a difference“有影响，有关系”，固定短语；difference的修饰词great以辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a，故选A。
知识点08 hear of的用法
【课文详解】Many have heard of shark fin soup.很多人都听说过鱼翅汤。
【句型剖析】hear of意为“听说，听到”，相当于hear about。 例如：
I have never heard of him. 我从来没听人说起过他。
【拓展】hear; hear of与hear from的辨析：
(1) hear“听见，听说”。当“听见”讲时，强调结果，可直接带宾语或用于hear sb. / sth. do/ doing sth.意为“听见某人/某物（在）做某事”，当“听说”时，后面常接从句。例如：
Can you hear a bird singing in the tree now? 你现在能听见鸟在树上唱歌吗？
I heard that she passed the exam. 我听说她通过考试了。
(2) hear of“听说，得知”，后面接名词或代词，指听到某人或某事的存在或消息。例如：
Jim disappeared and nobody heard of him. Jim不知去向，没有人再听到他的消息。
(3) hear from“收到……来信”，后面常接人作宾语。例如：
Have you ever heard from your pen pal? 你是否收到过笔友的来信。
【即学即练】—Did you ________ a big fire in Suzy’s school, Mary?
—No. I didn’t ________ her. Is she OK?
A．hear; hear B．hear about; hear C．hear; hear from D．hear about; hear from
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——Mary，你听说Suzy的学校发生大火了吗？——没有，我没有收到她的消息。她还好吗？
考查词义辨析。hear听见；hear about听说；hear from收到……的来信，收到……的消息。根据“Did you…a big fire in Suzy’s school, Mary?”可知第一个空格处填hear about“听说”；根据“No. I didn’t...her.”可知第二个空格处填hear from“得到（某人的）消息”符合语境，故选D。
知识点09 whole和each time的用法
【课文详解】But do you realize that you're killing a whole shark each time you enjoy bowl of shark fin soup?
但是你意识到每当你享受一碗鱼翅羹时，你正在杀死一整条鲨鱼了吗?
【句型剖析】whole此处作形容词，意为“全部的，所有的"，其结构为“限定词+whole+名词".
例：He worked the whole night. 他工作了整整一个晚上。
辨析：whole与all
whole

放在冠词、指示代词、物主代词等之后。在单数可数名词前一般用whole，但在物质名词前则不用whole；在时间名词(如day，week，month， year等) 以及季节名词(spring， summer， autumn，winter) 之前， all与whole两者都可用(注意冠词的位置)。
all

放在冠词、指示代词、物主代词等之前。在复数名词和不可数名词之前一般用all，而不用whole； 在表地点的专有名词之前，一般用all而不用whole，但可用the whole of。
例：the whole family/all the family 全家
The whole building is burning. 整座楼都在燃烧
All my friends are poor. 我所有的朋友都贫穷.
[误] the wholefood
[正] all the food所有的食物
[误] the whole wine
[正] all the wine所有的酒
all China/the whole of China 全中国
all(the) spring/the whole spring 整个春天
【句型剖析】each time意为“每次"，名词性短语，引导时间状语从句，相当于every time类似的还有the first time the minute，the moment等.
例：Each time meet him， he tries to tell me something new.每次我遇到他，他都尽力告诉我一些新鲜事情。
【即学即练】We have too many lessons, and I have to study ________.
A．the all day B．the whole day C．whole the day D．whole day
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们有太多的功课，我不得不整天学习。
考查形容词all和whole的用法。根据“I have to study…”以及结合选项可知，此空指“整天”。all和whole都表示“全部的，整个的”，all可以修饰各类名词，且限定词要放在all之后；而whole只能修饰具有整体意义的单数名词，且限定词要放在whole之前。因此表示“整天”用all the day或者the whole day。故选B。
知识点10 can和endangered的用法
【课文详解】Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the strongest in their food chain.
许多人认为鲨鱼不可能濒危，因为它们在它们所在的食物链中是最强者。
【句型剖析】can表推测时，常用于否定句或疑问句中，can't意为“一定不；不可能”。
例：It can't be true. 它不可能是真的.
What can he be doing? 他可能在做什么呢?
【句型剖析】endangered形容词，意为“濒危的；灏临灭绝的".
例：Pandas are an endangered species. 熊猫是一种灏临灭绝的物种，
辨析endangered， danger， dangerous与in danger
endangered
形容词，“濒危的；濒临灭绝的”
danger
不可数名词， 危险， 威胁"， 后接of(doing) sth
dangerous
形容词，“危险的”
in danger
介词短语，“在危险中"
例：Scientists think that the animal is endangered by pollution.科学家认为污染导致这种动物临灭绝。
Is there any danger of fire? 有发生火灾的危险吗?
It's dangerous for children to swim in the river.对孩子们来说在河里游泳是危险的。
Her life is in danger. 她有生命危险。
【即学即练】A car accident happened here just now. The man is ________. We must send him to the hospital at once.
A．in danger B．in the dangerous C．danger D．dangerous
【答案】A
【详解】句意：刚才这里发生了一场车祸。 该男子处于危险之中。 我们必须马上送他去医院。
考查介词短语。in danger处于危险之中；in the dangerous错误表达；danger 危险，名词；dangerous危险的，形容词。根据“We must send him to the hospital at once.”可知，该男子处于危险之中，be in danger意为“处于危险之中”。故选A。
知识点11 ask sb. to do sth.的用法
【课文详解】They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins.他们甚至要求政府制定法律，禁止销售鱼翅。
【句型剖析】ask sb. to do sth.为固定结构，意为“要求某人做某事”，其否定形式为ask sb. not to do sth.，意为“要求某人别做某事”。例如：
He asks Tom to stay with him. 他要求汤姆跟他一起留下。
Miss Zhang asks Jack not to come late again. 张老师要求杰克不要再迟到了。
【拓展】ask的常见搭配：
(1) 与介词 for 连用，有“要求得到”的意思。例如：
Mary asks her father for money. 玛丽向她父亲要钱。
(2) 与about 连用，表示询问或打听关于某事的情况。例如：
Uncle Hill asked about you the other day. 前些日子希尔大叔问起过你。
【即学即练】— My computer is broken.
— Why not ask Mr. Smith ________ for you?
A．to fix up it B．fix up it C．to fix it up D．fix it up
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我的电脑坏了。——为什么不请史密斯先生帮你修一下呢？
考查动词短语和非谓语动词。fix up意为“修理”，跟代词时，代词要放在中间，所以排除选项A和B；短语“ask sb. to do sth.”意为“让某人做某事”，其中动词不定式作宾语补足语，结合语境，故选C。
知识点12 afford和take action的用法
【课文详解】 Yes，we can't afford to wait any longer to take action.是的，我们再也等不起了，应该(立马)采取行动!
【句型剖析】afford及物动词，意为“承担得起(后果) ".
例：We can not afford anymore delays. 我们不能再有任何耽了。
【知识拓展】
①afford常与can，could，be able to等连用，且多用于否定句中。
②afford后跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语，但不能跟动词-ing形式，
③afford通常不用于被动语态.
④afford to do sth.负担得起做某事
例：We cant afford to go abroad this summer. 今年夏天我们负担不起去国外，
【句型剖析】take action动词短语，意为“采取行动”。常用结构take action to do sth.
意为“采取行动做某事".
例：The government must take action now to protect the environment
政府现在必须采取行动保护环境。
【知识拓展】有关take的常见短语：
take place发生 take a shower淋浴
take a walk散步 take turns轮流
take exercise运动 take care当心
take notes记笔记 take the medicine吃药
take care of照料 take a message带个口信
take a break/rest休息一下 take it easy别紧张
take a bus/train/taxi乘公共汽车/火车/出租车
【即学即练】—What do you think of the 5G phone?
—I really like it. But I can’t afford ________ it.
A．buy B．buying C．to buy D．bought
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你觉得5G手机怎么样？——我真的喜欢它。但是我买不起。
考查非谓语动词。afford to do sth.“负担得起做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选C。
能力拓展

考法01 used to的辨析
辨析used to do sth.， be/get used to(doing) sth.与be used to do sth
used to do sth.

“过去常常做某事”，表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态
be/get used to(doing) sth
“习惯于(做)某事"，to为介词
be used to do sth.
“被用来做某事"，是use sth.to do sth.的被动
形式
例：Mr.White used to live in China， so he is used to eating Chinese dishes.
怀特先生过去住在中国，所以他习惯吃中国菜。
Cloth is used to make clothes.布被用来做衣服。
【典例】The scissors ________ cut the wool _________ the sheep.
A．are used to; off B．is used to; off C．are used to; down D．is used to; down
【答案】A
【详解】句意：剪刀是用来剪羊毛的。
考查used短语及介词。be used to do被用来做某事，主语是复数名词，be动词用are，排除B/D选项；cut off“剪下”；cut down“砍倒”；结合“cut the wool...the sheep”可知，此处指的是“把羊毛从绵羊身上剪下来”，应用cut off，故选A。
考法02 spend、take、cost和pay的辨析
【拓展】表示“花费”的spend、take、cost和pay的辨析：
词语
主语
结构
spend
人(sb.)
sb. spends + 时间或金钱+ (in) doing sth. /on sth.
take
it作形式主语
It takes sb. some time to do sth.(真正主语)
pay
人(sb.)
sb. pays + 金钱+ for sth.
cost
sth.(物)
sth. costs sb. + 金钱
例如：I spent 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework yesterday. 昨天我花了三个小时做作业。
It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus. 乘公共汽车去武汉花了我四个小时。
I paid six yuan for the pen. 我花了六元钱买这支笔。
My English book cost me five yuan. 我的英语书花了我五元钱。
【典例】—How much does the phone ________?
—Eight hundred dollars.
A．cost B．spend C．take D．pay
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——这部手机多少钱？——八百美元。
考查动词辨析。cost花费，主语是物，花费金钱；spend花费，主语是人，花费的是时间或金钱；take主语是物或it，花费的是时间；pay主语是人，花费的是金钱，主语“the phone”是物，排除B和D，由“how much”可知，此处指花钱，排除C，故选A。
考法03 instead of的用法
instead of是介词短语，意为“代替，而不是”，后面可以跟与前面并列成分相应的名词、代词、动词-ing形式等作为介词宾语。例如：
He went to the cinema instead of going to school. 他去了电影院而不是学校。
【拓展】
(1) instead作副词，意为“代替，而不是”，常用作状语。例如：
He is tired. Let me go instead. 他累了，让我替他去吧。
She never studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day. 她从不学习，而是整天打网球。
(2)instead和instead of的辨析：
instead是副词，后面不接其他的词，一般情况下可不译出，通常放在句首或句末，在句首时常用逗号隔开，表示前面的事没做，而做了后面的事。例如：
He didn’t go to school. Instead, he went to the cinema. 他没有去学校，相反他去了电影院。
Instead of lending a hand, he laughed at us.他不仅没有帮我们一把，反而嘲笑我们。
【典例】My brother watched the football match instead of ________ his homework.
A．doing B．do C．did D．does
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我哥哥看了足球赛而不是做他的家庭作业。
考查动名词用法。根据of介词后用doing形式；故选A。
考法04 litter的用法
litter n. 垃圾 v. 乱扔
(1)litter作名词相当于rubbish，是不可数名词。
There is some litter in the park. 公园里有一些垃圾。
【易混辨析】
litter和rubbish都可指＂垃圾＂，用作不可数名词，但含义不同。
litter
指＂(在公共场所乱扔的)废弃物(尤指废纸等杂物)＂。
Pick up your litter after a picnic. 野餐后将废弃物收拾好。
rubbish
指＂(不再想要或不需要的)废弃物或垃圾＂。
The room is full of rubbish. 房间里堆满了垃圾。
(2)litter作动词用意为＂乱扔＂。
The floor was littered with papers. 地板上乱七八糟扔了许多报纸。
【典例】To make our city more beautiful, we should protect our environment. So don’t drop litter everywhere. Which of the following signs means “No littering”?
A． B． C． D．
【答案】C
【详解】句意：为了使我们的城市更美丽，我们应该保护我们的环境。所以不要到处乱扔垃圾。下列哪个标志表示“禁止乱丢垃圾”？
考查常识。No littering意为“禁止乱扔垃圾”，图C符合。故选C
考法05 cut 词组的辨析
cut down意为＂减少＂；是＂动词+副词＂结构的短语，其后接的宾语为名词时，宾语可位于down的前面或后面，为代词时，只能位于down前面。
Car owners were asked to cut down travel. 车主们被要求减少出行。
Trees are helpful to us. Don’t cut them down. 树对于我们有益处，不要砍伐它们。
【易混辨析】
cut down
砍倒；减少
People cut down many trees so a lot of animals lose their homes. 人们砍倒了很多树，因此很多动物失去了它们的家。
cut off
切掉
The doctor had to cut off his arm to save his life. 为了挽救他的生命，医生不得不将他的胳膊截肢。
cut out
删除
You can cut out the unimportant details. 你可以删掉不重要的细节。
cut up
切碎
Cut up the meat, please. 请把肉切碎。
【典例】Could you please help me cut ________ the meat for dumplings?
A．down B．up C．into D．off
【答案】B
【详解】句意：你可以帮我切肉包饺子吗？
考查介词辨析。down往下；up在……上端；into进入；off落下，根据空后的“the meat”和固定搭配cut up“切碎”可知，应该是切碎肉，故选B。
分层提分

题组A 基础过关练
1．（2022·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）Please remember to ________ the lights when you leave a room.
A．put off B．cut off C．take off D．turn off
【答案】D
【详解】句意：当你离开房间时，请记得关灯。
考查动词短语辨析。put off推迟；cut off切断；take off起飞，脱下；turn off关闭。根据“the lights when you leave a room”可知，提醒离开房间时要关闭电灯。故选D。
2．（2022·辽宁丹东·中考真题）— Mingming, where is your brother?
— Look! He _______ on the playground.
A．runs B．is running C．was running D．ran
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——明明，你的弟弟在哪里？——看！他正在操场上跑步。
考查动词时态。根据“Look!”可知，此句用现在进行时am/is/are doing的结构，故选B。
3．（2022·湖南湘西·中考真题）—What are you doing?
—I ________ the book The Old Man and Sea.
A．am reading B．was reading C．read
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你在干什么？——我正在读《老人与海》这本书。
考查动词时态。根据“What are you doing?”可知，谈论的是现在正在做的的事情，因此设空处应用现在进行时态，主语是I，be动词用am。故选A。
4．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真题）Listen! They ________ songs for the 100 birthday of the CCYL（中国共青团） .
A．are singing B．sang C．will sing
【答案】A
【详解】句意：听！他们正在为中国共青团的100岁生日唱歌。
考查动词时态。根据“Listen”可知句子是现在进行时，故选A。
5．（2022·湖南湘西·中考真题）Please remember to ________ the lights before you leave the classroom.
A．turn on B．turn to C．turn off
【答案】C
【详解】句意：请记得在你离开教室之前把灯关掉。
考查动词短语辨析。turn on打开；turn to求助于；turn off关掉。根据“before you leave the classroom”可知离开教室前要记得关灯。故选C。
6．（2022·广西梧州·中考真题）—Wow! The music sounds wonderful!
—Yes. Jessie ________ the violin in the next room.
A．plays B．played
C．is playing D．was playing
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——哇！音乐听起来很棒！——是的。 杰西正在隔壁房间拉小提琴。
考查动词时态。根据“Wow! The music sounds wonderful!”可知，拉小提琴的动作正在进行，需用现在进行时(am/is/are doing)。故选C。
7．（2022·湖南邵阳·中考真题）— Where’s Anna, dear?
— She ________ an online class in her room.
A．is taking B．takes C．will take
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——安娜在哪里，亲爱的？——她正在她的房间里上在线课程。
考查动词时态。根据“Where’s Anna”可知，空处是强调此时此刻正在进行的动作，所以用现在进行时（am/is/are doing）。故选A。
8．（2022·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Have you ever ________ the program of WWF?
—Yes, I have. I am one of the local wild aid members.
A．taken care of B．got used to C．taken part in
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你参加过世界自然基金会的活动吗？——是的，我参加过。我是当地野生动物援助组织的成员之一。
考查动词短语。take care of“照顾”；get used to doing sth“习惯做某事”；take part in“参加”。根据“the program of WWF”可知，此处指的是“参加”世界自然基金会的活动，故选C。
9．（2022·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Nanjing Road is very crowded these days.
—The workers ________ it. It is said that it ________ soon.
A．repair；finishes B．have repaired；will finish C．are repairing；will be finished
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——南京路这几天很拥挤。——工人们正在修路。据说很快就完工了。
考查动词时态。根据“Nanjing Road is very crowded these days”可知，工人这些天正在修理，用现在进行时表示某一阶段正在进行的动作。根据“soon”可知，第二空应填一般将来时，主语it与动词finish之间是被动关系，故第二空用一般将来时被动语态，故选C。
10．（2022·湖南郴州·中考真题）— Is your father at home, Jill?
— No. He ________ his car outside.
A．was washing B．will wash C．is washing
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你父亲在家吗，吉尔？——不。他正在外面洗车。
考查动词时态。根据“Is your father at home, Jill?”可知此处是回答父亲正在做的事情，应用现在进行时，故选C。
题组B 能力提升练
补全对话
（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）A: Hi, Jane. Would you like to help save the environment?
B: Yes. ___11___
A: You can start by turning off the lights.
B: Yes, that’s easy. Sometimes I turn on the lights without thinking. What’s next?
A: Second, you can ride a bicycle. Don’t take a bus if you don’t have to.
B: ___12___ What else?
A: Third, try to recycle paper.
B: Mm. Newspapers, magazines. mail… ___13___ Good idea.
A: The fourth idea is turning off the shower when you’re not using it.
B: You mean when I have shampoo in my hair?
A: Yes. Get wet. ___14___ Put the shampoo in your hair and then turn on the shower and wash it out.
B: Will that help the environment?
A: Yes, we have to save water. ___15___ Don’t use plastic bags.
B: OK. My parents do most of the shopping. I’ll tell them.
A．But what can I do?
B．We get a lot of paper at home.
C．You’d better clean your room every day.
D．Turn off the shower.
E．Can I help you?
F．And fifth, take a bag when you go shopping.
G．That will save money, too.
【答案】11．A    12．G    13．B    14．D    15．F
【导语】本文是一则对话，主要讲述了保护环境的建议和方法。
11．根据“You can start by turning off the lights.”可知，此处应询问自己该怎么做，选项A“但是我能做什么呢”符合语境，故选A。
12．根据“Second, you can ride a bicycle. Don’t take a bus if you don’t have to.”可知，建议骑自行车而不是坐公交，选项G“这也会省钱”符合语境，故选G。
13．根据“Third, try to recycle paper.”可知，此处谈到纸，选项B“我们家里有很多纸”符合语境，故选B。
14．根据“Get wet...Put the shampoo in your hair and then turn on the shower and wash it out.”可知，建议先打湿，把洗发水抹在头发上，然后打开淋浴器，把它洗掉。所以打湿后先关掉淋浴器，选项D“关掉淋浴器”符合语境，故选D。
15．根据“Don’t use plastic bags.”可知，建议不要使用塑料袋，选项F“第五，购物的时候带个包”符合语境，故选F。
阅读单选
（2019·广西河池·中考真题）The World Health Organization(世界卫生组织)says air pollution kills seven millionpeople around the world each year. Even if polluted air does not kill us, it can make us very sick.
However, breathing dirty air may do more than hurt your body. It can also affect (影响)your brain and your ability to think.
A new study shows that air pollution can cause a “huge” reduction(减少) in our intelligence(智商). The researchers reported that the long-term exposure(暴露)  to air pollution can affect a person’s mental(智力) abilities in two areas: language and math.
Xi Chen, the researcher of the Yale School of Public Health led the study. He and his team found that breathing polluted air can reduce a person’s education level by about one year.Chen said that the effect (结果)generally is worse for those over 64 years of age, especially for men and for those with little or no education.
“The older persons — they are more affected. And we find, quite interestingly, men are more affected than women. And people working outdoors are more affected than people working indoors.”
The researchers noted that the effect of pollution on language ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated.
Why were language skills more affected than math? There are two main kinds of tissue(组织) in the brain: white matter and grey matter. White matter is more connected with a person’s language skills, while grey matter is connected to our ability to solve math problems. Studies have shown that air pollution has a great effect on the white matter in the brain, but not the grey matter.
Chen said that air pollution did affect the math skills, just not as much as their language skills.
16．Air pollution causes_______million people to die around the world each year.
A．one B．two C．seven D．sixty-four
17．Which is not true according to the passage?
A．Breathing dirty air may hurt your body.
B．Breathing dirty air can affect your brain,
C．Breathing dirty air can affect your ability to think.
D．Breathing dirty air can make your immune system(免疫系统) strong.
18．The effect of breathing polluted air generally is worse for those people except __________.
A．men B．women
C．those with little or no education D．those over 64 years of age
19．In the sixth paragraph, “people working outdoors” probably refers to(指的是) “________”.
A．the researchers
B．people with little or no education
C．people from the World Health Organization
D．people from the Yale School of Public Health
20．Air pollution affected the language skills math skills.
A．as much as B．as little as C．more than D．less than
【答案】16．C    17．D    18．B    19．B    20．C
【分析】你知道吗，每年全世界有七百万人因空气污染而死亡。脏的空气不仅对我们的身体有害，它还影响我们的大脑和思考的能力。这篇短文讲述了一个新的研究，表明空气污染会导致我们的智力下降，尤其体现在语言能力和数学能力上，而且对于64岁以上的老年人以及几乎没有受过教育的男性影响更大。
16．细节理解题。根据短文第一句话The World Health Organization(世界卫生组织)says air pollution kills seven million people around the world each year.可知，据世界卫生组织所说，每年全世界有七百万人因空气污染而死亡。由此可知应选C。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段However, breathing dirty air may do more than hurt your body可知A选项是符合文意的；根据第二段It can also affect (影响)your brain and your ability to think.可知B和C选项是符合文意的。由文意可知，脏的空气不仅影响我们的身体，还应选我们的大脑和思考的能力，因此D选项说“呼吸脏的空气能增强我们的免疫系统”，这句话是错误的。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据短文第四段中Chen said that the effect (结果)generally is worse for those over 64 years of age, especially for men and for those with little or no education.可知，脏的空气对64岁以上的老人，尤其是几乎没有受过教育的男性影响更大。由此可知应选B。
19．推理判断题。根据文意The researchers noted that the effect of pollution on language ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated.可知，脏的空气对人的语言和数学能力的影响随着人们年龄的增长会更严重，尤其是对几乎没有受过教育的男人，这样的人从事的工作往往是户外的。因此应选B。
20．细节理解题。根据短文的最后Chen said that air pollution did affect the math skills, just not as much as their language skills.可知，空气污染对数学能力的影响相比语言技能的影响要更小。由此可知应选C。
（2019·四川内江·中考真题）The Greens got a rather unhappy surprises when they tried to fly form Cardiff to Lanzarote last weekend. Because of a bad mistake at the airline check-in desk, the Greens got on the wrong flight(航班) and ended up in Ankara. So how did the mix-up happen?
It was five o’clock on Sunday morning when Charlie and Kate Green arrived at Cardiff airport with their nine-year-old daughter Tina. They checked in properly for their flight to Lanzarote, but the check-in attendant(服务员) made a mistake with their boarding passes and also sent them to the wrong boarding gate. Unluckily, it was so early and the Greens were feeling so tired and they didn’t notice anything wrong. What was worse, there weren’t any announcements in the boarding gate area.
When the Greens finally got on the plane, Charlie and Kate Green fell asleep at once, though there were interesting films, magazines, newspapers and music for them to choose to spend the boring time. Little Tina took out a history book about Rome and read. Two hours later, she fell asleep, too. The didn’t wake up until six hours later, when the plane was landing. Suddenly, the flight attendant said. “Welcome to Ankara!” The Greens couldn’t believe it, and little Tina was quite unhappy. The family had to get of the plane and then pay £ 10 for tourist visa(签证). In the end, they decided to get back home, arrive at 5:00 p.m. on the same day.
21．Where did he Greens plan to spend their weekend?
A．In Cardiff. B．In Lanzarote. C．In Rome. D．In Ankara.
22．What did little Tina do first on the plane?
A．She saw a film. B．She went to sleep.
C．She listened to music. D．She read a history book.
23．How did the Greens feel when they arrived in Ankara?
A．Bored. B．Excited. C．Interested. D．Surprised.
24．What’s the best title  for the text?
A．What a Wrong Trip B．A Trip to Ankara
C．The Greens’ Trip D．How long a Trip
【答案】21．B    22．D    23．D    24．B
【分析】文章大意：格林一家上周末试图从加的夫飞往兰萨罗特时，由于在航空公司登记处出了一个错误，他们上错了航班，最后在安卡拉降落。本文讲述了这种错误是怎么发生的？
21．细节理解题。根据第一句The Greens got a rather unhappy surprises when they tried to fly form Cardiff to Lanzarote last weekend. 上周末，格林一家试图从加的夫飞往兰萨罗特时，他们遇到了一个相当不愉快的意外。可知，他们去“兰萨罗特”，故答案选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段中Little Tina took out s history book about Rome and read. 小蒂娜拿出一本关于罗马的历史书读了起来。可知，她读一本历史书，故答案选D。
23．细节理解题。根据第三段中The Greens couldn’t believe it, 格林一家简直不敢相信，可知，他们感觉很“吃惊”，故答案选D。
24．主旨大意题。根据本文大意格林一家上周末试图从加的夫飞往兰萨罗特时，由于在航空公司登记处出了一个错误，他们上错了航班，最后在安卡拉降落。结合选项A．一次错误的旅行；B．安卡拉之旅；C．格林家的旅行；D．一次旅行多长时间？可知，B选项符合题意，故答案选B。
题组C 培优拔尖练
（2018·内蒙古通辽·中考真题）Bike-sharing is a new choice for short journeys in cities. It is good to the ___25___development of the big cities.
    A ___26___ by a company found that shared bikes started the nation’s___27___for bikes again. Now more and more Chinese people are ___28___bikes instead of cars to make short journeys in cities.
      An engineer of that company says that since the start of shared bikes, people___29___fewer trips by car. The love for shared bikes is not only among ___30___ people, who were born in the 1980 s and 1990s, but also among people over sixty.
      At weekends, the number of the riders in Shenzhen reaches the ___31___of all cities. On weekdays, the number of people who use shared bikes to travel to work is____32____in Shanghai.
      It is said that bike-sharing will help___33___the cities’ environment. It not only helps solve the traffic problems, but also will help to make more use of____34____in cities. Take Beijing as an example if more people choose shared bikes, an area of five Bird’s Nest stadiums will be saved.
25．A．harmful B．sudden C．slow D．healthy
26．A．report B．suggestion C．rule D．plan
27．A．preparation B．love C．search D．worry
28．A．repairing B．locking C．choosing D．pushing
29．A．will made B．have made C．are making D．are made
30．A．strong B．young C．old D．weak
31．A．corner B．line C．top D．side
32．A．going up B．giving away C．coming over D．putting off
33．A．experience B．improve C．discover D．separate
34．A．space B．money C．air D．time
【答案】25．D    26．A    27．B    28．C    29．B    30．B    31．C    32．A    33．B    34．A
【分析】最近共享单车已经进入了很多城市，受到了人们的欢迎，不只年轻人还有六十多岁的老人在短途旅行的时候，都选择共享单车，这对城市的健康发展是非常有利的。
25．句意：它对大城市的健康发展是有好处的。harmful有害的；sudden突然的；slow慢的；healthy健康的。根据下文It not only helps solve the traffic problems, but also will help to make more use of　　10　　in cities.可知，共享单车对城市的发展是有好处的，所以这里应该是健康发展，故选D。
26．句意：某公司的一项报告显示共享单车又燃起了人们对自行车的喜爱。report报告；suggestion建议；rule规则；plan计划。根据句意…found that…可知，这里应该是调查报告显示的结果，故应选A。
27．句意：某公司的一项报告显示共享单车又燃起了人们对自行车的喜爱。preparation 准备；love热爱；search搜索，搜寻；worry担心。根据下文The love for shared bikes is not only…可知，人们自行车非常的喜爱，故应选B。
28．句意：现在越来越多的中国人在城市里进行短途旅行的时候，都选择自行车而不是汽车。repairing 修理；locking锁；choosing 选择；pushing推。根据句中instead of cars可知，这里说的是人们选择共享单车作为出行的方式，而不选择汽车，故应选C。
29．句意：那个公司的一个工程师说自从开始共享单车，人们就很少乘汽车出行了。will made形式错误，will后用动词原形；have made现在完成时；are making 现在进行时；are made一般现在时的被动语态。make a trip去旅行，是固定短语，句中since的意思是“自从…”，常和现在完成时态搭配使用，故应选B。
30．句意：对共享单车的喜爱不仅在出生于上世纪80年代和90年代的年轻人中间，还有一些超过六十岁的老人。strong强壮的；young 年轻的；old老的；weak弱的。根据空后who were born in the 1980s and 1990s可知，这里说的是出生在八、九十年代的年轻人，故应选B。
31．句意：在周末，深圳的骑自行车的人数达到了所有城市之首。corner角落；line路线；top 顶，顶端；side边，侧面。根据句中the number of riders…可知，这里说的是周末深圳骑自行车的人数，因此应该是“达到顶端”，也就是所有城市中最多的。故应选C。
32．句意：在工作日，上海使用共享单车上班的人数增长了。going up上升；giving away捐赠，泄密；coming over顺便来访；putting off推迟。根据上文Now more and more Chinese people are 　　4　　bikes instead of cars to make short journeys in cities.可知，选择共享单车出行的人数越来越多了，所以这里应该是人数上升了，故选A。
33．句意：据说共享单车有助于改善城市的环境。experience经历，体验；improve提高，改善；discover发现；separate分离，分开。根据下句话It not only helps solve the traffic problems, but also will help to make more use of　　10　　in cities可知，共享单车不仅帮助解决交通问题，还有助于充分利用城市的空间，这都是对城市有利的，故应选B。
34．句意：它不仅帮助解决了交通问题，还有助于充分利用城市的空间。space 空间；money钱；air空气；time时间。根据下句话Take Beijing as an example if more people choose shared bikes, an area of five Bird’s Nest stadiums will be saved.可知，这里拿北京做了一个例子，如果更多的人选择共享单车，就可以省下五个鸟巢那么大的地方，所以这里说的是节省城市空间，故选A。
【点睛】这篇短文给我们介绍了共享单车对城市发展的好处。短文主题贴近学生们的日常生活，学生们对此比较熟悉和了解。文章句子结构也比较简单，容易理解。题型是完型填空，考查学生们在具体语境中运用语言的能力，综合性较强。做题时，应先通读短文，了解大意；然后逐空做题，先易后难，注意空前后的固定搭配和上下文的语境提示；最后应再读一遍短文，检查答案。例如第1小题，根据文意以及下文中It not only helps solve the traffic problems, but also will help to make more use of　　10　　in cities.可知，共享单车有助于解决城市的交通问题，充分利用城市空间，因此对城市的发展是有好处的，所以应该是健康发展，故选D。再如第8小题，根据上文Now more and more Chinese people are 　　4　　bikes instead of cars to make short journeys in cities.可知，选择共享单车出行的人数越来越多了，所以这里应该是人数上升了，故选A。
（2018·山东聊城·中考真题）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A boy and a girl were playing together. The boy had a lot of small glass ___35___. The girl had some candies with her. The boy told the girl that he would____36____her all his balls in exchange for (交换) her candies. The girl thought that was a good___37___.
But the boy didn’t give___38___of his balls to the girl. He kept the biggest and the___39___ball in his pocket and gave the others to the girl. ____40____the girl gave him all her candies.
That night, the girl had a ___41___sleep, but the boy didn’t sleep well. He kept thinking whether the girl had ___42___some candies from him.
You think in the way you do things. If you don' t give your hundred percent(百分之百) in a relationship, you’ll __43__ keep thinking if the other person has given his or her hundred percent. This is true for any relationship.
Give your hundred percent to everything you do and you’ll find that you can always___44___a lot of happiness.
35．A．balls B．cups C．bottles
36．A．lend B．buy C．give
37．A．answer B．idea C．reason
38．A．all B．most C．some
39．A．ugliest B．cheapest C．prettiest
40．A．But B．So C．Or
41．A．bad B．good C．light
42．A．borrowed B．stolen C．hidden
43．A．always B．never C．seldom
44．A．lose B．get C．want
【答案】35．A    36．C    37．B    38．A    39．C    40．A    41．B    42．C    43．A    44．B
【分析】文章通过一个小男孩用玻璃球换小女孩的糖的故事，告诉人们一个道理：你百分百付出，你就会得到很多幸福。
35．句意：这个男孩有许多小玻璃球。A. balls 球；   B. cups杯子；    C. bottles瓶子；根据The boy told the girl that he would　　2　　her all his balls in exchange for (交换) her candies.这个男孩告诉这个女孩，他给她他所有的球换她的糖。可知是球；故选A
36．句意：这个男孩告诉这个女孩，他给她他所有的球换她的糖。A. lend借；    B. buy买；    C. give给；根据in exchange for (交换) her candies.可知是给；故选C
37．句意：这个小女孩认为那是个好主意。A. answer 回答；   B. idea 主意；   C. reason原因；根据The boy told the girl that he would　　2　　her all his balls in exchange for (交换) her candies. 这个男孩告诉这个女孩，他给她他所有的球换她的糖。可知是主意；故选B
38．句意：但是这个男孩没把他所有的球给这个小女孩。A. all  都，所有的；  B. most 最多；   C. some一些；根据He kept the biggest and the　　5　　ball in his pocket and gave the others to the girl他在口袋里留了个最大最漂亮的，把其他的给了小女孩。可知是没给所有的；故选A
39．句意：他在口袋里留了个最大最漂亮的，把其他的给了小女孩。A. ugliest 最丑；   B. cheapest最便宜；    C. prettiest最漂亮；根据句意应是最大最漂亮的留下了；故选C
40．句意：但是小女孩把所有的糖都给了他。A. But 但是；   B. So 所以；   C. Or否则；根据the boy didn’t give　　4　　of his balls to the girl这个男孩没把他所有的球给这个小女孩。小女孩把所有的糖都给了他了，所以是转折关系；故选A
41．句意：那天晚上小女孩睡了一个好觉。A. bad  坏的；  B. good好的；    C. light轻的；根据but the boy didn’t sleep well.但是小男孩没睡好，可知是好的；故选B
42．句意：他一直在想小女孩是否藏了一些糖。A. borrowed 借；   B. stolen 偷；   C. hidden藏；根据上文He kept the biggest and the　　5　　ball in his pocket and gave the others to the girl他在口袋里留了个最大最漂亮的，可知他也认为别人和他一样，是否藏了一些；故选C
43．句意：你总是一直想其他人是否给了百分百。A. always总是；    B. never 从不；   C. seldom很少；根据but the boy didn’t sleep well. He kept thinking whether the girl had 　　8　　some candies from him.小男孩没睡好，一直想小女孩是否和他一样也藏了一些糖；故选A
44．句意：你将会发现你会得到很多幸福。A. lose 失去；   B. get 得到；   C. want想要；根据文章小女孩付出百分百，睡得很好，小男孩没有付出百分百，睡得不好，可知如果你百分百付出，你就会得到很多幸福。故选B
  点睛：根据前后文的语境，结合时态，语态，词性，短语，句型，词义辨析和主谓一致，选出正确的选项。例如：小题8  句意：他一直在想小女孩是否藏了一些糖。A. borrowed 借；   B. stolen 偷；   C. hidden藏；根据上文He kept the biggest and the　　5　　ball in his pocket and gave the others to the girl他在口袋里留了个最大最漂亮的，可知他也认为别人和他一样，是否藏了一些；故选C