【暑假提升】牛津译林版英语四升五暑期讲义-第7讲：名词单复数讲学案

课程主题：

【进门测试】

建议5min

1、orange                2、class                3、text            

4、monkey               5、piano             　 6、child             

7、shelf                  8、bed                 9、country           

10、family                11、toy                12、foot            

13、Japanese              14、radio              15、photo            

16、army                 17、tomato             18、fox             

19、woman               20、knife                22、sheep          

【多元导学】

建议5min

an apple                           three apples

【互动精讲】

建议70min

【知识点1】名词的的概念及分类

英语中的名词指的是一种抽象的或者具体的事物，它有可数和不可数之分。所谓可数名词指的就是在数量上可以计数，可以数出数量的事物；所谓不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。

名词分类｛

                                               ｛

【知识点2】可数名词单复数变化规则

可数名词单数在它之前可以加上冠词a/an（以元音字母a,e,i,o,u开头的字母前冠词用an)。 可数名词复数变化规律如下：

（一）一般情况下，直接在单词结尾加___________

（二）以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词，在单词尾部加____________

注意:  ①以 th 结尾加-s, month--months

       ②stomach--stomachs

（三）以y结尾的单词，如果_________字母+y，在单词尾部直接加________

                      如果_________字母+y，则y要变成______, 再加_________

（四）以f或fe结尾的单词，变f或 fe 为_________再加________

注意：①有少数词后直接加s，如roof-roofs (屋顶)

（五）以o结尾的单词，有生命的在单词尾部加__________，无生命的在单词尾部加_______

(六)  不规则变化

1) 元音字母发变化。

如man--men(男人) ， woman--women(妇女)       tooth--teeth(牙齿) ， foot--feet(脚)

mouse--mice(老鼠) ， policeman--policemen(警察)   policewoman--policewomen(女警察)

2) 词尾发生变化。

如child--children(小孩) ， ox--oxen(公牛)

3) 单、复数形式相同。

如fish--fish(鱼) ，sheep--sheep(绵羊) ，deer--deer(鹿) ，Chinese--Chinese(中国人) ，yuan--yuan(元) ，jinn--jinn(斤)

注意：不说an English，要说an Englishman.

①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数，没有复数。

②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。

4) 形似单数，实为复数意义。

如people(人，人们)，these people      (不说a people，可说a person)

police(公安，警察)ten police           (不说a police，可说a policeman)

5) 由man和woman构成的合成名词，变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。

如a man driver - men drivers(男司机)          a woman doctor - women doctors (女医生)

6）某国人”的复数有三种类型：

（1）Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 三国人单数复数同形，不需加s；

（2）Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把 man 变为men；

 注意：German的复数是Germans,它的man不是词根，而是由Germany演变过来的。

（3）其他各国人以–an, -ian结尾的均直接加s。如：Americans, Australians, Indians等。

可依照这个口诀记忆：中日瑞士均不变，英法荷兰都要变，其他”s”加后面。

.........

（还有很多哦，以后我们再慢慢学）

【巩固练习】写出下列单词的复数形式。

bus----                              sheep----          

photo---                             desk----                      

man---                              class----                 

watch---                             teacher----               [来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K]

boy---                               baby----              

dress---                              fox----              

leaf---                               mouse----              

foot---                               city----             

【知识点3】修饰名词复数的数量形容词有哪些？

1.much、little只修饰_____________

例如：much money     little water

2.many、few只修饰________

例如：many apples     few students

3.a lot of/lots of 既可以修饰__________,也可以修饰_____________

例如：a lot of mangoes     lots of milk

4.some既可以修饰__________,也可以修饰_____________,用于___________句

例如：I want some apples.

5.   any既可以修饰__________,也可以修饰_____________,用于___________句

例如：No,she doesn't drink any water.

          Do you have any money?

【巩固练习】

1. I have___________________(many/much) milk.

2.Yang Ling wants to have_________________(a lot of/ many)rice for dinner.

3.There are_______________________(some/any) vegetables on the table.

4.Mr. Green had ________________(a little/a few)bread for breakfast.

5.Liu Tao doesn't want ________________(some/any)drinks for lunch.

6.Do you have______________(a few/a little) water left?

【课堂检测】

建议15min

一、单项选择

(      )1.---What are         ?   ---They are crayons.

1. this          B.these        C.that

(      )2.Please pass me        .

       A.a orange        B.an orange     C.orange

(      )3.There are many        .

       A.bus            B.buss          C.buses

(      )4.Oh, no! My        are dirty.

       A.shoe           B.shoess        C.shoes

(      )5.Can you take a        for me?

       A.photo         B.photos        C.photoes

(      )6.Ms Smart goes to work on       .

       A.feet           B.foots          C.foot

(      )7.They are my        .

       A.parents        B.parent         C.parentes        

(      )8.How many        are there in a week?

        A.day          B.days           C.daies[来源:学#科#网]

(      )9.---Have a good       .      ---Thank you!

1. times        B.timing         C.time

二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.   There is some              (water )on the ground.
2.   Look! There are six               (bird)in the sky.
3.   My dad and uncle are              (policeman.)  [来源:Z。xx。k.Com]
4.   Yesterday, I watched TV with my               (grandchild) Xiaoyong.

5.She had some              (fish) for lunch.     

三、用所给名词的正确形式填空。

1. There are a lot of _________(leaf) on the tree.

2. Uncle Li brought two___________(watch) yesterday.

3. There are many _________(child) in the classroom.

4. We have a lot of nice _________(tomato) here.

5.There are lots of_________(sheep） in the hill.

6.There are about eighty _________(man doctor) in the hospital

7.I have a lot of_____________(information 信息) to tell you.

8.The baby has two ____________(tooth).

9.There are many books on those ___________(shelf).

10.There are 13 __________(Japanese) and 30_______ (German) here.

11.How delicious! Would you like to eat some________(fish)?

12. There are many __________(fish) in the river.

13.There are many ___________(boy student) in our school.

14.Are there any________（fox） in the wild（野外）?

15.I hear that a cow has three or four_______________(stomach).

【要点回顾】

建议15min

复述名词单复数变化规则

【温故知新】

建议10min

一、辨音，发音相同的写“S”，发音不同的写“D”

 (    ) 1. A. river        B. white

(    ) 2. A. fox         B. short

(    ) 3. A. Wednesday   B. fever

 (    ) 4. A. jacket       B. timetable

 (    ) 5. A. sleep        B. see

二、连词成句，注意大小写和标点符号。

1. are, some, you, here, pies, for ( . )

________________________________________________________

2. with, the, is, you, matter, what ( ? )

________________________________________________________

3. some, draw, can, pictures, I ( . )

________________________________________________________

4. you, can, see, to, tomorrow, come, I ( ? )

________________________________________________________

5. in, six, the, get, usually, morning, we, at, up ( . )

________________________________________________________

三、搭配题。选择相应的答句，将序号填在题前括号类。

(    ) 1. Are you happy today ?         A. They’re so beautiful.

(    ) 2. Whose shorts are these ?       B. It’s Monday.

(    ) 3. When do you have dinner ?     C. At six o’clock.

(    ) 4. Look at the flowers.           D. This is Sue speaking.

 (    ) 5. I’m very cold.               E. Yes, I am.

(    ) 6. Do you like summer ?         F. Thank you.

 (    ) 7. May I speak to Sue ?          G. Sure.

(    ) 8. What a nice dress !           H. Here’s your sweater.

(    ) 9. What day is it today?          I. No, I don’t.

(    ) 10. Can you draw the tree ?       J. Wang Bing’s.

四、排序。

（   ）Good idea ! But Tom is ill.

（   ）It’s Sunday.

（   ）I’m sorry to hear that. Take care.

（   ）What’s the matter ?

（   ）What day is it today ?

（   ）Thank you.

（   ）What a fine day ! Let’s go and play basketball.

（   ）He has a fever.

五、用所给单词的适当形式填空。

  1. Let’s go _________(climb) this weekend.

2. David, can you see_________(they) ?

3. Can you see_________( I ) new timetable ?

4. I want to eat _________( a ) ice cream.

5. This is _________( we ) _________( mother ) car.

六、根据中文，完成句子。

 1. 我在公园里能看见一座山和一些花。

  I can see _________ _________and _________ _________ in the park.

2. 我喜欢每天早上听些英语。

I like _________ _________ some English _________ _________.

3. 你的新连衣裙太长了。试试这条吧。

 Your new dress is _________ _________. _________ this, please.

预习思考

一般疑问句句式是什么样子的？