【暑假提升】牛津译林版英语四升五暑期讲义-第11讲：完形填空专项讲学案

课程主题：

【进门测试】

一、完形填空:阅读下面的短文，选出适合填在横线上的最佳选项。

There is a new park near my house. It is a fine day today. My family and I____1_____ in the park now. On my left, there is a cafe.___2___ my right, there is a big lake. There are many flowers and trees___3___the lake. There are some ducks___4___ the lake. Near the lake, there is a sign(标牌). It says, “___5___ swim in the lake!” The park is so beautiful. We like it very much.

( )1. A. is  B. am  C. are

( )2. A. At  B. In  C. On

( )3. A. in  B. on  C. near

( )4. A. in B. on  C. under

( )5. A. Please B. Do  C. Don’t

答案：CCCAC

【多元导学】

Boys and girls, can you finish the following words? Have a try! 

答案：nice, always, parrot, buy, quiet, him, another, card, bit

答案：cake, pig, lovely/lonely, apple, egg

答案：winner, have, worry, drink, can, ice-cream

答案：food, rice, hamburger, fast, knife

批注：通过填词游戏，引入本节课的学习，完形填空也像填词游戏一样，一步一步推敲出答案。

【互动精讲】

 【知识梳理】完形填空

    完形填空是由出题者在一篇语义连贯的文章中有目的地去掉一些词语，形成空格，要求在给出的对应的备选答案中，选出一个正确的或最佳的答案，使文章恢复完整。它既考查对语法，词汇，习语，句型，搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查对短文的阅读理解能力，甚至有时还考查对时事政治等的关注。其中包括在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力，根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力。

题目的类型可分为：

①语言知识型，如各种语法规则、 句型、句式等；还包括词汇型，测试单词在一 定语境下的基本用法、习惯用法、常用搭配以及对其词义的记忆或其特定意义的理解和灵活运用。

②判断推理型，考查对篇章的整体理解、上下文段落的衔接、逻辑思维与判断推理能力。

③综合型，即对知识和能力综合运用的考查。

【知识梳理1】解题步骤

一、  跳过空格,浏览全文

完形填空大多都是讲一个故事,如果一拿来卷子就开始填,你就会发现很难,无法猜测读者要表达什么意思。因此,解题时先跳过空格,通读完形填空的短文,了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句,善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点,理清文脉,推测全文主题及大意。

There's_ 1  apple tree behind Dick's house. Dick is near the tree. There are some apples 2 the tree. Dick is looking 3  the apples. They are big  4  red. Dick is hungry. He wants to 5  an apple. But he is short. He can't get the apples. He is putting a chair  6   the tree. Can he get the apples? 7  , he can't. He is too 8  . Here comes Paul. He's Dick's brother. “Hello, Dick, 9   would you like?” “Please help me, Paul, I can't get the apples.” "Here you are, Dick. One is for you, and 10   is for me!

批注：让学生读这篇文章,如果第一遍没有读懂,允许再读一遍；之后让学员说说这篇文章主要讲了什么,并给与学员适当鼓励。（本文讲了Dick和Paul拿苹果的故事。）

二、  复读短文,逐个填空

在浏览全文的基础上开始填空做题。这样就能联系上下文轻松地把题目做好。在课堂上我们反复强调"联系上下文",什么意思呢,我们举例说明：

There's_ 1  apple tree behind Dick's house. Dick is near the tree. There are some apples 2 the tree. Dick is looking 3  the apples. They are big  4  red. Dick is hungry. He wants to 5  an apple. But he is short. He can't get the apples. He is putting a chair  6   the tree. Can he get the apples? 7  , he can't. He is too 8  . Here comes Paul. He's Dick's brother. “Hello, Dick, 9   would you like?” “Please help me, Paul, I can't get the apples.” "Here you are, Dick. One is for you, and 10   is for me!

(  )1. A. a.     B. the   C. an

(  )2. A. in     B. on   C. behind

(  )3. A. for    B. after  C. at

(  )4. A. or     B. and  C. also

(  )5. A. eat    B. like  C. give

(  )6. A. on    B. in    C. under

(  )7. A. Yes   B. OK   C. No

(  )8. A. long   B. short   C. big

(  )9. A. what   B. when   C. where

(  )10. A. other    B. others   C. the other

答案： 1-5 CBCBA 6-10 CCBAC

解析：

1. 考查冠词的使用。 一只苹果是an apple，故选C。
2. 考查介词的使用。 in是在...里面， on是在...上面， behind是在...后面，根据语境可知在树上有一些苹果， 故选B。
3. 考查固定搭配。Look at 表示看，故选C。
4. 单词辨析。 or表示选择“或者”， and表示并列“和”， also表示“也”， 根据语境可知选B。
5. 动词辨析。 eat是“吃”， like是“喜欢”， give 是“给”， 根据语境可知Dick是想吃苹果，故选A。
6. 考查介词的使用。 on 在...上面， in 在...里面， under在...正下方。 根据语境可知他在树底下放了一张椅子，故选C。
7. 根据前文can he get the apples?此句是一个一般疑问句， 肯定回答是Yes, he can.否定回答是No, he can’t. 故选C。
8. 考查形容词辨析。 long表示“长的”， short表示“短的。矮的”， big表示“大的”， 根据语境可知此处是说Dick太矮了，所以才够不着苹果。
9. 考查疑问副词。 what 表示“什么”， when 表示“什么时候”，where表示“哪里”根据语境A项符合， 意思是“你想要什么？”
10. 考查不定代词。Other表示“其他的”后面通常接名词， others表示“其他的事物”，the other 表示“另一个”， 通常会与one进行连用， one...the other一个...另一个， 故选C。

三、  再次通读,全文检查

如果你做题的速度足够快的话,这一步骤是很有必要的。现在有些孩子很不细心,再次揣摩一些自己拿不准的地方,用语法的角度来审视自己做过的题,会又有新的发现的！

批注：答案为CBCBA CCBAC，要求学生把选项代入原文,看是否通顺。

【知识梳理2】解题技巧

一、妙招一通读全文知大意

　　运用“跳读”或“边读边猜”等技巧把握中心大意。

短文的中心直接影响故事情节的发展，决定着各小题选项该如何确定。通过一到两遍的阅读，有些小题答案会在我们的脑海里浮现。

例如：

Hi! My name is Eric. Let me   1   you about my day. I get up   2    seven o'clock every morning. I wash my face and brush my teeth. Then I have my breakfast. Then I get ready   3    school. I take my schoolbag and go to school by bus.

I have classes in the morning. I have lunch at twelve o'clock. Then I have more classes in the afternoon. I come home at half past three.   4   school, I watch TV. Then I do my homework. I have dinner   5   my family. Finally I have a shower and brush my teeth. I go to bed at eight o'clock. I need to get ready for another day!

(    ) 1. A. talk    B. say    C. tell

(    ) 2. A. at       B. on     C. in

(    ) 3. A. to    B. at       C. for

(    ) 4. A. In        B. After        C. At

(    ) 5. A. and         B. to             C. with    

答案：CACBC

二、妙招二重视首句获信息

   重视首句、突破首句。完形填空题所选用短文的第一句话通常是不设空的，目的是给同学们一个整体印象，同时提示短文的中心内容或提供故事发生的时间、地点、背景等。

例如：

Mike is from London. But he is in China   1   his parents now. He is 12 years old. He is a student of Grade 6.Mike is a clever student. He studies very   2   . He’s good at all his lessons. He says he likes Chinese best. He can   3   a little Chinese now. His teacher and classmates are all nice to him. His school is near his home. So he  4   to school. After school, Mike plays ball game in the playground. He is good at playing volleyball.

“I like China very much. People here are friendly and the food  5   very nice,” he says to his parents.

(    ) 1. A. with     B. and    C. or

(    ) 2. A. good    B. better      C. hard

(    ) 3. A. say     B. speak    C. tell

(    ) 4. A. drives    B. walks      C. goes

(    ) 5. A. are      B. is    C. am   

答案：ACBBB

三、妙招三全面考虑定选项

　　整体理解短文、把握中心并根据文中线索(含体裁、时态变化线索、词汇线索、句法线索、社会文化线索、上下文线索等)由易到难地做出选择。

    注意：不要试图从头至尾地去解答完形填空题。有的选项内容在短文的其他地方有较为明确的提示，甚至原封不动地重现。

例如：A man has a fat cat and a small cat. He likes     1    very much. A friend comes to see him. His friend finds     2    holes in his door. One is big, and    3      is small.

“My dear friend,” he says. “Why are there two holes?”

“To let my   4     in and out, of course,” the man says.

“But why are there two holes? I think one hole is all right.”

“How can the fat cat go through the     5     hole? ” says the man.

“That’s right. But can’t a small cat go through the big hole?”

(    ) 1. A. they              B. them               C. it

(    ) 2. A. two              B. three            C. four

(    ) 3. A. some             B. other              C. the other

(    ) 4. A. dogs             B. cats               C. rabbits

(    ) 5. A. small             B. fat               C. long

答案：BACBA

四、妙招四复读全文验答案

　　把填充后的短文反复阅读一两遍(甚至多遍)，逐一检查、校对所选答案是否符合短文中心及上下文要求，并确保没有不符合语言规范、不符合语法规则的选项。

　　注意：很多同学做完形填空题存在一个误区，把很多的时间放到四个选项的比较上，这会降低解题效率。正确做法应是：

　　顺藤摸瓜，首先是藤，你拿到文章之后要重点读第一句。

　　瞻前顾后，在文章空格的上下文处，你觉得这个地方需要什么词，带着这个目的到四个选项里找。

　　顾全大局，做一道题时应该在段落里面理解一句话。

　　认清细节，比如考固定搭配的题。

【课堂检测】

完形填空

I am Nancy Black. I__1__a brother, Mike. My father is a doctor and my mother is a bus driver. They don’t ___2____ on Saturdays and Sundays. They clean the rooms_____3___ Saturday morning. Mike and I like ____4__ some stories. Sometimes we watch ___5___, but my father ___6_____like watching TV, he ___7__ playing table tennis __8___my mother.

(     ) 1. A. am                  B. have             C. has

(     ) 2. A. go to school          B. work             C. drive

(     ) 3. A. in                 B. at               C. on

(     ) 4. A. reading              B. looking           C. watching

(     ) 5. A. films                B. cartoons          C. TV

(     ) 6. A. isn’t                 B. don’t            C. doesn’t

(     ) 7. A. like               B. likes              C. can

(     ) 8. A. with               B. and              C. or

答案：BBCAACBA

【要点回顾】

【温故知新】

一、完形填空:阅读下面的短文，选出适合填在横线上的最佳选项。

The Spring Festival is the Chinese New Year’s Day. It usually  1  in February.

Everyone in China likes it very much. Before the Spring Festival, I usually  2    my parents clean our house and do some shopping.  3   Chinese New Year’s Day, everyone   4  dumplings and some other nice food. But I like dumplings best. I usually get together  5   my family, We always have a lot of fun.

(    ) 1.A.come        B. comes         C.goes

(    ) 2. A.make        B. help           C.take

(    ) 3. A.On         B. In            C.At

(    ) 4. A.like         B. has              C.eat

(    ) 5. A.and         B. for          C.with  

答案：BBAAC

二、阅读理解:根据短文内容，选出最佳选项。

A

My name is Robot Roy. I’m very clever. What can I do? Do you know? I can see with my eyes. I can hear with my ears. I can talk with my mouth. And I can play football with my legs and feet. I look like a man, but Im not a real man. I can do some difficult things. I can help people do many important things. Can you speak English? I am good at it. I can sing many English songs. But I can't skip. Do you like me? Let’s play together.

(  )1. What can Robot Roy do with his ears?

A. He can see. B. He can hear. C. He can talk.

( )2. What does Robot Roy look like?

A. A rabbit.  B. A man.  C. A computer.

( )3. Can Robot Roy sing and skip?

A. Yes, he can. B. No, he can't. C. He can sing but he can’t skip.

( )4. Which language can Robot Roy speak?
 A. Chinese.  B. Japanese.  C. English.
( )5. According to the passage, which is not right?
 A. Roy can do some difficult things.
 B. Roy can help people do some important things.
 C. Roy is very clever, but he can’t play football.

答案：BBCCC

B

This is Mary’s room. It’s big and bright. We can see some kites on the front wall (前墙). On the back wall (后墙)，there’s a clock. Look, it is four fifty now !

    We can see a desk and a bed in her room. The desk is near the window. Where are her bag and pencil box? They’re on the desk. What’s on the bed? We can see a pair of jeans. Mary likes them, but they’re too short.

    Mary and her friend Kate like this room very much. They like to play here.

  (    ) 1. We can see a clock on the front wall.

(    ) 2. It’s five forty now.

  (    ) 3. We can see a desk and a bed in her room.

(    ) 4. The jeans are too short.

(    ) 5. This is Kate’s room.

答案：FFTTF

预习思考：

阅读理解的解题方法